CN106615663A - Seaweed biological feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seaweed biological feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106615663A CN106615663A CN201710044260.2A CN201710044260A CN106615663A CN 106615663 A CN106615663 A CN 106615663A CN 201710044260 A CN201710044260 A CN 201710044260A CN 106615663 A CN106615663 A CN 106615663A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of seaweed biological feed additive or seaweed biological feed. The preparation method is characterized in that compound microbial enzyme is added into seaweed slurry prepared from seaweed or seaweed residue for carrying out enzymolysis, so that the seaweed biological feed additive is obtained, wherein the compound microbial enzyme is prepared from multiples in cellulase, pectinase, protease and amylase. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple in process, easy to operate and low in cost; furthermore, the feed prepared by the method is rich in nutrition and easy to absorb.
Description
The application is generation marine organisms Science and Technology Ltd. of Weihai City in the entitled of the submission on the 26th of August in 2014
The divisional application of " a kind of algal biological feed and preparation method thereof ", Application No. " 201410425437.X ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to Feed Manufacturing field, more particularly to a kind of algal biological feed that digested of utilization complex enzyme and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Used as large agricultural country and aquatic products big country, aquatic products have become the important animal protein consumer products of people for China,
And it is in every year geometric rapid growth.With being continuously increased for people's Aquatic products consumption level, it have stimulated China's water significantly
The fast development of aquaculture is produced, the aquaculture particularly with marine alga as food source is particularly evident, such as abalone, sea cucumber etc..Sea
Algae contains abundant nutrition, with functions such as medicinal and health cares, while seaweed plant is used as important consumption
Product are just being progressed into the productive life of people, and are widely applied in the fields such as industry, agricultural and pharmaceutical sector.This be due to
Marine alga is autophyte, can carry out photosynthesis, the inorganic substances in ocean is converted into organic substance, so marine alga is animal
Abundant inexpensive feed resource, marine alga is very big as feedstuff and feed addictive potentiality to be exploited.Additionally, marine alga contain it is rich
Rich algal polysaccharides, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral matter and the physiological activator with special efficacy, be food,
The raw material storage of medicine, feed.Sea-plant is nutritious, containing various bioactivators, with enhancing immunity of organisms, resists
The biologically actives such as sick, antiviral, promotion growth.Therefore, sea-plant feed is developed, promotes animal husbandry development being just subject to increasingly wide
General attention.
But, in recent years, as population is sharply increased, arable land is a large amount of to be reduced, and in short supply the becoming of feed affects aquaculture fast
The serious problem of speed development, people and animal strive the contradiction of grain also more serious.Due in marine alga containing various anti-nutrition into
Divide, such as cellulose, carbohydrate gum, agar, xylan SNSP and its toxin；In addition the aquatic livestock of edible seaweed is mostly low
Deng animal, its enteron aisle is short, the factor such as digestive function difference, significantly impacts the digestive utilization ratio of marine alga, causes the wasting of resources, also easily
Cause the various uncomfortable diseases of aquatic livestock, such as enteritis, swollen mouth.Further, since China's aquaculture is started late, system research is stagnant
Afterwards, cultural technique imperfection, is currently in a kind of extensive aquaculture model, therefore feeds and belong to feed with feeling or experience is grasping more
Make, cause feed waste serious, nutrition leak finally causes the phenomenons such as the corrupt deterioration of water environment, bottom of pond.Therefore, how to improve
Marine alga utilization rate and its trophic level, and drop except toxin is current urgent problem.
In the face of the problems referred to above, Chinese patent CN 102987077A disclose a kind of preparation method of seaweed fermented feed, carry
The high absorbable nutritive value of marine alga.But the preparation method yet suffer from complicated process of preparation, preparation time length, cost compared with
High defect, this is far from the demand for meeting market.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency of prior art, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of algal biological feed additive, it is special
Levy and be, methods described be in the marine alga slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag add complex microorganism enzyme digested so as to
The algal biological feed is obtained, wherein, the complex microorganism enzyme is by cellulase, pectase, protease and amylase
Various compositions.
According to a preferred embodiment, the cellulase, the pectase, the protease and the amylase exist
Shared mass percent is respectively in the complex microorganism enzyme：60～100%, 0～40%, 0～5%, 0～5%, and
The cellulase comes from Li Shi trichodermas, Trichoderma viride and/or aspergillus niger；The pectase come from Rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus niger and/or
Aspergillus oryzae；The protease source is in papain, bromelain and/or hay bacillus；The amylase comes from lichens bud
Spore bacillus, aspergillus oryzae and/or aspergillus niger.
According to a preferred embodiment, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is (18～24) × 104μ/g, the pectase
Enzyme activity be (2～5) × 104μ/g, the enzyme activity of the protease is (10～50) × 104μ/g, the diastatic enzyme activity is (1
～5) × 104μ/g。
According to a preferred embodiment, methods described is according to complex microorganism enzyme and marine alga in the marine alga slurries
The mass ratio of slurries is (0.3～3)：100 ratio addition complex microorganism enzyme, and be 30～65 DEG C, pH3 in normal pressure, temperature
Insulation enzymolysis 6～30 hours under conditions of～7, so as to obtain the algal biological feed.
According to a preferred embodiment, methods described is further comprising the steps of：Marine alga or marine alga slag are removed through inorganic
Extra large bath slurries of the diameter in below 1mm particles are sheared and ground to form after miscellaneous；The extra large bath slurries are squeezed into high-speed dispersing kettle
Once add water stirring so that water is sufficiently mixed with marine alga slurries, and the mass ratio of first time amount of water and the marine alga slurries
For (30～40)：100；Mixed extra large bath slurries are squeezed into enzymatic vessel, the composite microbial is added water and add for the second time
Thing enzyme, forms the mixed liquor, and the quality of the total amount of first time amount of water and second amount of water and the extra large bath slurries
Than for 50：100；And heating and thermal insulation enzymolysis after the mixed liquor is stirred, and in enzymolysis process, each hour is stirred
Mix once, and stir 5 minutes every time.
According to a preferred embodiment, the mixed liquor for having digested is carried out into separation of solid and liquid by the band filter that recoils,
And the enzymolysis clear liquid isolated is concentrated in the range of 60～68 DEG C；Or, the mixed liquor for having digested is done
It is dry.
According to a preferred embodiment, the rotating speed after the high-speed dispersing kettle starts is 3000 revs/min, stirs 3 points
Zhong Hou, the rotating speed of the high-speed dispersing kettle is down to 1000 revs/min by 3000 revs/min.
Another aspect of the present invention, a kind of algal biological feed additive, it is characterised in that the algal biological feed is
It is prepared from according to preparation method as the aforementioned.
According to a preferred embodiment, the seaweed fodder also includes fish meal, fish oil, dregs of beans, tapioca, corn flour
With one or more in Powdered Soy Lecithin.
Another aspect of the present invention, a kind of algal biological feed, in particular for raise poultry/domestic animal or aquaculture
Feed, it is characterised in that the feed includes the algal biological feed additive that is prepared from of preparation method as the aforementioned or such as
Aforesaid seaweed fodder additive.
In some more specifically embodiment, the present invention is by following technical solution realizing：
1st, a kind of preparation method of algal biological feed additive, methods described comprises the steps：
(1) marine alga slurries are prepared；
(2) microbial enzyme is added in the marine alga slurries；
(3) the marine alga slurries are digested using the microbial enzyme, is added so as to obtain the algal biological feed
Plus agent；
Wherein, in terms of the gross mass of the microbial enzyme, the microbial enzyme comprising 60% to 100% cellulase, 0
～40% pectase, 0～5% protease and 0～5% amylase.
2nd, the preparation method according to technical scheme 1, the microbial enzyme also includes amylase；Or the microbial enzyme
Amylase is also included, and also comprising pectase and/or protease；Or the microbial enzyme also comprising amylase, pectase and
Protease.
3rd, the preparation method according to technical scheme 1 or 2, the cellulase come from Li Shi trichodermas, Trichoderma viride and/
Or aspergillus niger；The pectase comes from Rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus niger and/or aspergillus oryzae；The protease source is in papain, pineapple
Protease and/or hay bacillus；The amylase comes from bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus oryzae and/or aspergillus niger；It is further preferred that
The cellulase comes from Li Shi trichodermas；The pectase comes from Rhizopus oryzae；The protease source is in bromelain；The shallow lake
Powder enzyme comes from bacillus licheniformis.
4th, the preparation method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 3, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is (18～24)
×104μ/g, the enzyme activity of the pectase is (2～5) × 104μ/g, the enzyme activity of the protease is (10～50) × 104μ/g,
The diastatic enzyme activity is (1～5) × 104μ/g；It is further preferred that the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 20 × 104μ/g, institute
The enzyme activity for stating pectase is (2～5) × 104μ/g, the enzyme activity of the protease is (10～50) × 104μ/g, it is described diastatic
Enzyme activity is (1～5) × 104μ/g；And/or according to the mass ratio of the microbial enzyme and marine alga slurries be (0.3～3)：100
Ratio adds the microbial enzyme in the marine alga slurries, and is 30～65 DEG C, protects under conditions of pH3～7 in normal pressure, temperature
Temperature enzymolysis 6～30 hours.
5th, the preparation method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 4, the marine alga slurries are by marine alga or marine alga slag system
Into；Preferably, a diameter of 1mm of particle in the marine alga slurries or so；It is further preferred that the marine alga or marine alga slag are also
The step of inorganic removal of impurities.
6th, the preparation method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 5, the addition is carried out in the following way：Will
The extra large bath slurries squeeze into high-speed dispersing kettle the stirring that adds water for the first time so that water is sufficiently mixed with marine alga slurries, and first
Secondary amount of water is (30～40) with the mass ratio of the marine alga slurries：100；It is further preferred that after the high-speed dispersing kettle starts
Rotating speed be 3000 revs/min, after agitation 3 minutes, the rotating speed of the high-speed dispersing kettle by 3000 revs/min be down to 1000 turns/
Minute；Mixed extra large bath slurries are squeezed into enzymatic vessel, the complex microorganism enzyme is added water and add for the second time, institute is formed
Mixed liquor is stated, and the total amount of first time amount of water and second amount of water and the mass ratio of the extra large bath slurries are 50：100；
And heating and thermal insulation enzymolysis after the mixed liquor is stirred, and in enzymolysis process, stir once within each hour, and
Stir 5 minutes every time.
7th, the preparation method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 6, methods described also include following concentration step or
Drying steps, the concentration step is by carrying out the mixed liquor for having digested by the band filter that recoils after the enzymolysis
Separation of solid and liquid and the enzymolysis clear liquid isolated is carried out concentration to carry out in the range of 60～68 DEG C；The drying steps lead to
Cross and be dried to carry out by the mixed liquor for having digested after the enzymolysis.
8th, the preparation method according to any one of technical scheme 1 to 7, wherein：
The microbial enzyme is made up of cellulase, and enzyme activity is 200,000 μ/g, in terms of the gross mass of the marine alga slurries, institute
State cellulase and added with 0.4% addition, enzymolysis time is 25 hours；Or
The microbial enzyme be by the cellulase of 60 mass % and the pectase of 40 mass % mix it is compound micro-
Biology enzyme, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, and the enzyme activity of the pectase is 1.2 ten thousand μ/g, the complex microorganism
Enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25 hours；Or
The microbial enzyme is by the protease of the cellulase, the pectase of 35 mass % and 5 mass % of 60 mass %
The complex microorganism enzyme for mixing, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, the enzyme activity of the pectase be 1.05 ten thousand μ/
G, the enzyme activity of the protease is 2.5 ten thousand μ/g, and the complex microorganism enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25
Hour；Or
The microbial enzyme is by the amylase of the cellulase, the pectase of 35 mass % and 5 mass % of 60 mass %
The complex microorganism enzyme for mixing, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, the enzyme activity of the pectase be 1.05 ten thousand μ/
G, the diastatic enzyme activity is 0.25 ten thousand μ/g, and the complex microorganism enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is
25 hours；Or
The microbial enzyme is by the protease of the cellulase, the pectase of 27 mass % and 3 mass % of 70 mass %
The complex microorganism enzyme for mixing, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 140,000 μ/g, the enzyme activity of the pectase be 0.81 ten thousand μ/
G, the enzyme activity of the protease is 1.5 ten thousand μ/g, and the complex microorganism enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25
Hour；Or
The microbial enzyme be by the cellulase of 60 mass %, the pectase of 30 mass %, the protease of 5 mass % and
The complex microorganism enzyme that the amylase of 5 mass % is mixed, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, the pectase
Enzyme activity be 0.81 ten thousand μ/g, the enzyme activity of the protease is 2.5 ten thousand μ/g, and the diastatic enzyme activity is 0.25 ten thousand μ/g, described
Complex microorganism enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25 hours.
9th, a kind of algal biological feed additive, the algal biological feed additive be according to such as technical scheme 1～7 it
What the preparation method described in was prepared from；Preferably, the seaweed fodder also includes fish meal, fish oil, dregs of beans, para arrowroot
One or more in powder, corn flour and Powdered Soy Lecithin.
10th, a kind of algal biological feed, in particular for raise poultry/domestic animal or the feed of aquaculture, the feed
The algal biological feed additive that is prepared from comprising the preparation method as described in one of technical scheme 1～8 or such as technical scheme 9
Described seaweed fodder additive.
The present invention has preparation method simple, and easy to operate and control, preparation process condition is gentle, short preparation period, cost
Low advantage.The present invention improves the utilization of marine alga by adding complex microorganism enzyme in marine alga or slurries made by marine alga slag
Rate, remains more active nutrient components in marine alga, and the active nutrient component in marine alga in gentle enzymolysis process does not have
Destroyed, be conducive to animal to digest and assimilate active nutrient component, promoted the growth of animal.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the hydrolysis effect pair of different strain institute cellulase-producing in seaweed fodder addictive preparation method of the invention
According to figure；
Fig. 2 is the hydrolysis effect control that different strain produces pectase in seaweed fodder addictive preparation method of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 is that different strain produces diastatic hydrolysis effect control in seaweed fodder addictive preparation method of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the hydrolysis effect control that different strain produces protease in seaweed fodder addictive preparation method of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 5 is shadow of the complex microorganism enzyme dosage to hydrolysis effect in seaweed fodder addictive preparation method of the invention
Ring；With
Fig. 6 is the enzymolysis time of complex microorganism enzyme in seaweed fodder addictive preparation method of the invention to hydrolysis effect
Impact.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention algal biological feed additive or seaweed fodder preparation method, the total technical scheme of the method be to
Add complex microorganism enzyme in the marine alga slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag to be digested so as to obtain the seaweed bio feeding
Material, wherein, complex microorganism enzyme by cellulase, pectase, protease and amylase in various constitute.
The selection of 1 enzyme
In order to obtain the enzyme of the optimal composition complex microorganism enzyme of hydrolysis effect, the present invention is with Li Shi trichodermas
(Trichoderma reesei), Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) institute
Cellulase-producing is the alternate item of cellulase；With Rhizopus oryzae (Rhizopus oryzae), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus
Niger), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) produces the alternate item that pectase is pectase；With pawpaw
(Caricapapaya) protease P apain, pineapple (Ananas spp) protease (Bromelain), hay bacillus
(Bacillus subtilis) produces the alternate item that protease is protease；With bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus
Licheniformis), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) produce amylase
For diastatic alternate item.By studying every kind of mould institute's cellulase-producing or pectase or protease or amylase to marine alga
Hydrolysis effect passes judgment on hydrolysis effect of the various enzymes to marine alga with the content of alginic acid choosing mould.It is of the invention selected
The enzyme activity and optimum enzymolysis condition of above-mentioned mould is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
The cellulase of separate sources, pectase, protease and amylase in table 1 are hydrolyzed experiment, test result
Accompanying drawing 1 is to shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 1 shows the hydrolysis effect control of the bacterial classifications such as Li Shi trichodermas, Trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger institute cellulase-producing, water
Solution effect is to discharge the amount of alginic acid as standard.Wherein, the hydrolysis effect of Li Shi trichodermas institute cellulase-producing is best, and with enzyme
From 1 ‰～5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 8g/L～22g/L to addition, and the cellulase that Trichoderma viride is produced adds with enzyme
From 1 ‰～5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 9g/L～19.5g/L to amount, the cellulase that aspergillus niger is produced with enzyme addition from
1 ‰～5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 7g/L～17g/L.Therefore the present invention is preferably made with Li Shi trichodermas institute cellulase-producing
It is also certainly feasible using Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger institute cellulase-producing for the selection of complex enzyme cellulase.
Fig. 2 shows that the bacterial classifications such as aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oryzae produce the hydrolysis effect control of pectase, hydrolysis effect
Be defined by the amount for discharging alginic acid, wherein, the hydrolysis effect that Rhizopus oryzae produces pectase is best, with enzyme addition from 1 ‰～
5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 6.5g/L～11.6g/L, and aspergillus niger produces pectase with enzyme addition from 1 ‰～5 ‰, water
The marine alga acid content of solution is 5.9g/L～11g/L, and aspergillus oryzae produces pectase with enzyme addition from 1 ‰～5 ‰, the marine alga of hydrolysis
Acid content is 6.1g/L～13g/L.Therefore the present invention preferably produces pectase as the choosing of pectase in complex enzyme using Rhizopus oryzae
Select, certainly, it is also feasible to produce pectase using aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae.
Fig. 3 shows the hydrolysis effect control of subtilopeptidase A, papain, bromelain, hydrolysis effect
Be defined by the amount for discharging alginic acid, wherein, the hydrolysis effect of bromelain preferably, with enzyme addition from 0.5 ‰～
2.5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 5.58g/L～6.8g/L, and when addition is more than 1 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is reduced to
6.7g/L and tend to balance.With enzyme addition from 0.5 ‰～2.5 ‰, the alginic acid of hydrolysis contains the hydrolysis effect of papain
Measure as 5.89g/L～6.6g/L.The hydrolysis effect of subtilopeptidase A with enzyme addition from 0.5 ‰～2.5 ‰, the sea of hydrolysis
Alginic acid content is 5.78g/L～6.2g/L.Therefore the present invention preferably bromelain as protease in complex enzyme selection, when
So, it is also feasible using subtilopeptidase A, papain.
Fig. 4 shows that the bacterial classifications such as aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus licheniformis produce diastatic hydrolysis effect figure, hydrolysis
Effect is defined by the amount for discharging alginic acid, wherein, bacillus licheniformis produces diastatic hydrolysis effect preferably, as enzyme adds
From 1 ‰～5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 5.77g/L～6.2g/L to amount, aspergillus oryzae produce amylase with enzyme addition from
1 ‰～5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 5.6g/L～5.88g/L, and aspergillus niger produces amylase as enzyme addition is from 1 ‰
～5 ‰, the marine alga acid content of hydrolysis is 5.55g/L～5.78g/L.Therefore the present invention preferably bacillus licheniformis produces amylase
Used as diastatic selection in complex enzyme, it is also feasible to produce amylase using aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae certainly.
In sum, of the invention one optimum embodiment is that selection Li Shi trichodermas institute's cellulase-producing is compound micro-
Cellulase in biology enzyme, chooses Rhizopus oryzae and produces pectase for the pectase in complex microorganism enzyme, selection bromelain
Enzyme is the protease in complex microorganism enzyme, chooses bacillus licheniformis and produces amylase for the starch in complex microorganism enzyme
Enzyme.Also, based on cellulase, pectase takes second place the complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention, and protease takes second place, and amylase is again again
It.Single enzyme source and performance of preferably complex microorganism of the invention is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
The proportion design of 2 complex microorganism enzymes
The present invention carries out the enzymolysis experiment of embodiment 1～6 according to the proportioning in table 3.
Table 3
Embodiment 1
A kind of complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention, it is made up of 100% cellulase, wherein the cellulase selected
Enzyme activity is 200,000 μ/g.Take 100ml marine alga slurries, as with the ratio that the mass ratio of the slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag is 0.4%
Example is added the complex microorganism enzyme and forms mixed liquor, and insulation digests 25h, and the content for determining alginic acid in supernatant is 17.25g/
L。
Embodiment 2
A kind of complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention, it is by the cellulase and 40% pectin that mass percent is 60%
Enzyme is mixed, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase selected is 120,000 μ/g, the enzyme activity of pectase is 1.2 ten thousand μ/g.Take 100ml extra large
Algae slurries, in the ratio that the mass ratio of the slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag is 0.4% the complex microorganism enzyme shape is added
Into mixed liquor, insulation enzymolysis 25h, the content for determining alginic acid in supernatant is 19.56g/L.
Embodiment 3
A kind of complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention, it is by the cellulase and 35% pectin that mass percent is 60%
Enzyme and 5% protease are mixed, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase selected is 120,000 μ/g, the enzyme activity of pectase is
1.05 ten thousand μ/g, the enzyme activity of protease is 2.5 ten thousand μ/g.Take 100ml marine alga slurries, as with the slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag
Mass ratio be that 0.4% ratio is added the complex microorganism enzyme and forms mixed liquor, insulation enzymolysis 25h determines sea in supernatant
The content of alginic acid is 21.32g/L.
Embodiment 4
A kind of complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention, it is by the cellulase and 35% pectin that mass percent is 60%
Enzyme and 5% amylase are mixed, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase selected is 120,000 μ, the enzyme activity of pectase is 1.05
Ten thousand μ/g, diastatic enzyme activity is 0.25 ten thousand μ/g.Take 100ml marine alga slurries, as with the slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag
Mass ratio is that 0.4% ratio adds complex microorganism enzyme formation mixed liquor, and insulation enzymolysis 25h determines marine alga in supernatant
The content of acid is 19.62g/L.
Embodiment 5
A kind of complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention, it is by the cellulase and 27% pectin that mass percent is 70%
Enzyme and 3% protease are mixed, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase selected is 140,000 μ, the enzyme activity of pectase is 0.81
Ten thousand μ/g, the enzyme activity of protease is 1.5 ten thousand μ/g.100ml marine alga slurries are taken, as the matter with the slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag
Amount is added the complex microorganism enzyme and forms mixed liquor than the ratio for 0.4%, and insulation enzymolysis 25h determines alginic acid in supernatant
Content be 22.35g/L.
Embodiment 6
A kind of complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention, it is by the cellulase and 30% pectin that mass percent is 60%
Enzyme, 5% protease and 5% amylase are mixed, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase selected is 120,000 μ/g, pectin
The enzyme activity of enzyme is 0.81 ten thousand μ/g, and the enzyme activity of protease is 2.5 ten thousand μ/g, and diastatic enzyme activity is 0.25 ten thousand μ/g.Take 100ml extra large
Algae slurries, in the ratio that the mass ratio of the slurries by made by extra large bath or marine alga slag is 0.4% the complex microorganism enzyme shape is added
Into mixed liquor, insulation enzymolysis 25h, the content for determining alginic acid in supernatant is 24.46g/L.
In conjunction with the embodiments (hydrolysis result is discharging the amount of alginic acid to the degradation effect of marine alga for 1～6 complex microorganism enzyme
For standard) as can be seen that complex microorganism enzyme is better than using single enzyme effect to the hydrolysis result of fresh seaweed.Remove in fresh seaweed
Contain cellulose, crude protein, also contain algal polysaccharides, be respectively algin, fucoidin and laminaran.Wherein brown alga is formed sediment
Powder is a kind of intracellular polysaccharide, and mainly by β -1,3-D- glucans composition has a small amount of β -1 on long-chain, 6 interchain glycosidic bonds are present,
Content in marine alga is generally 1% or so.Therefore select amylase as auxiliary enzymes in complex microorganism enzyme, can cause fresh
Marine alga is more fully digested.Separately, the content of crude protein is 5～9% in marine alga, and content is relatively low, and can be with from table 2
Find out that the price of protease is higher, if suitable with other enzymes from the consumption of protease, processing cost can be caused to increase, make
Into the wasting of resources.Therefore, cellulase, the mass percent of pectase selected in the present invention is much larger than protease and starch
Enzyme, it is determined that adopt cellulase, pectase for complex microorganism enzyme basic enzyme, protease and amylase are complex microorganism
The auxiliary enzyme of enzyme.Table 3 shows that the complex microorganism enzyme that embodiment 6 is constituted is best to the hydrolysis result of marine alga slurries.Therefore
Using embodiment 6 as complex microorganism enzyme proportioning optimum embodiment.
Impact of the 3 complex microorganism enzyme dosages to hydrolysis effect
The dosage of complex microorganism enzyme is studied to marine alga with the complex microorganism enzyme of the optimal proportion composition in embodiment 6
The impact of hydrolysis effect.Its hydrolysis effect is as shown in Figure 5.
With change of the addition of complex microorganism enzyme from 0～0.6%, the content of alginic acid gradually increases；And with
The change that complex microorganism enzyme addition is from 0～0.3%, marine alga acid content increases in substantial linear；When complex enzyme addition
For 0.3% when, marine alga acid content be 17.5g/L；When complex enzyme addition reaches 0.4%, marine alga acid content reaches 18g/L；
When complex enzyme addition is more than 0.4%, the content of alginic acid tends to balance, and is not further added by.Therefore, integrated cost and time
Consider, the addition preferably 0.3～0.4% of the complex microorganism enzyme of the present invention.
The determination of 4 enzymolysis process parameters
Table 4 lists reaction temperature, enzyme addition, pH value and enzymolysis in the complex microorganism enzyme enzymolysis process of the present invention
The parameters such as time.Table 5 lists the interpretation of result of the embodiment 7～15 that orthogonal test is carried out according to parameter shown in table 4.This
The bright optimizing technology parameters that the present invention is determined by table 4 and table 5.
Table 4
Table 5
The homogenate of 2700ml fresh seaweeds is taken, is dispensed into the triangular flask of 27 250ml, per bottled amount 100ml, triplets are pressed
Tested according to the embodiment 7～15 of orthogonal test, per group in three samples tested according to one embodiment, enzymolysis terminates
The content of alginic acid in supernatant is determined afterwards, and marine alga acid content takes the alginic acid that per group of three samples are surveyed and contains in each embodiment
The mean value of amount.As shown in Table 3, embodiment 11 is the optimum embodiment of each factor.
Impact of 5 enzymolysis times to hydrolysis effect
Embodiment 16
The fresh seaweed homogenate of 15L is taken, in being added into enzymatic vessel, complex microorganism enzyme, wherein complex microorganism is added
Enzyme according to the preferred embodiment 6 proportioning mixing, and according to the preferred embodiment 11 technological parameter arranges reaction temperature, compound micro-
Biology enzyme addition and pH value, marine alga acid content mean value is 23.2g/L Jing after testing its enzymolysis.
Fig. 6 shows under conditions of preferred embodiment 11 that is, hydrolysis temperature is 55 DEG C, and compound biological enzyme addition is
When 0.4%, pH are 5.5, impact of the enzymolysis time to hydrolysis result.With the increase of enzymolysis time, marine alga acid content gradually increases
Plus, and when enzymolysis time changes from 0～20h, marine alga acid content increases in substantial linear, when enzymolysis time reaches 18h, sea
Alginic acid content reaches 20g/L；When enzymolysis time is 25h or so, marine alga acid content reaches maximum, and marine alga acid content now is
23g/L.No longer change as the increase marine alga acid content of enzymolysis time tends to balance afterwards.Integrated cost considers that the present invention is selected
It is 18h with enzymolysis time.
The preparation of 6 algal biological feeds
In the enzyme for determining complex enzyme microbial enzyme and the related proportioning and optimal enzymolysis process parameter of various enzymes
Afterwards, the algal biological feed additive or algal biological feed of the present invention are prepared.The algal biological feed additive of the present invention
Or the preparation method of algal biological feed specifically includes following steps：
(1) marine alga or marine alga slag are sheared after inorganic removal of impurities and grinds to form diameter and starched in the extra large bath of below 1mm particles
Liquid；Marine alga or marine alga slag are ground into below 1mm so that the active nutritional material of marine alga particle fully exposes, so that multiple
Close microbial enzyme to be fully contacted with active material, and then improve hydrolysis efficiency.
(2) marine alga slurries are squeezed into high-speed dispersing kettle the stirring that adds water for the first time so that water is sufficiently mixed with marine alga slurries,
And first time amount of water is (30～40) with the mass ratio of the marine alga slurries：100；More preferably 35:100.
(3) mixed extra large bath slurries are squeezed into enzymatic vessel, adds water and add prepare in advance compound micro- for the second time
Biology enzyme, forms mixed liquor.Now, added water for the second time, and the total amount of first time amount of water and second amount of water with
The mass ratio of the extra large bath slurries is 50：100, rationally control amount of water and be conducive to controlling moisture, improve seaweed fodder
Nutrient content.
(4) heating and thermal insulation enzymolysis after mixed liquor is stirred, and in enzymolysis process, stir once within each hour,
And stir 5 minutes every time so that the active nutritional material in marine alga is fully contacted with complex microorganism enzyme, improve hydrolysis effect
Rate.
According to a preferred embodiment, the mixed liquor after above-mentioned four steps is lived through is by the band filter that recoils
Separation of solid and liquid is carried out, and the enzymolysis clear liquid isolated is concentrated in the range of 60～68 DEG C；Or, by what is digested
Mixed liquor is dried, so as to obtain the algal biological feed additive or algal biological feed of the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment, in whipping process, in order that the mixing of marine alga slurries is more uniform, marine alga is made
Slurry is enough sufficiently mixed with water energy, and the rotating speed after high-speed dispersing kettle starts is 3000 revs/min, after stirring 3 minutes, high-speed dispersing kettle
Rotating speed be down to 1000 revs/min by 3000 revs/min.
According to a preferred embodiment, the cellulase of the present invention, pectase, protease and amylase are in composite microbial
Shared mass percent is respectively in thing enzyme：60～100%, 0～40%, 0～5%, 0～5%, and cellulase comes from
Li Shi trichodermas, Trichoderma viride and/or aspergillus niger；Pectase comes from Rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus niger and/or aspergillus oryzae；Protease source is in wood
Melon protease, bromelain and/or hay bacillus；Amylase comes from bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus oryzae and/or aspergillus niger.
According to a preferred embodiment, the enzyme activity of the cellulase of the present invention is (18～24) × 104μ/g, pectase
Enzyme activity be (2～5) × 104μ/g, the enzyme activity of protease is (10～50) × 104μ/g, diastatic enzyme activity be (1～5) ×
104μ/g。
According to a preferred embodiment, the preparation method is that in the marine alga slurries according to complex microorganism
Enzyme is (0.3～3) with the mass ratio of marine alga slurries：100 ratio addition complex microorganism enzyme, and normal pressure, temperature be 30～
65 DEG C, under conditions of pH3～7 insulation enzymolysis 6～30 hours, so as to obtain the algal biological feed additive or seaweed bio
Feed.
Under the guidance of the total technical scheme of the present invention, another aspect of the present invention is related to a kind of algal biological feed addition
Agent or algal biological feed, the algal biological feed additive or algal biological feed of the present invention are according to preparation side as the aforementioned
What method was prepared from.
Also, according to a preferred embodiment, the seaweed fodder additive or algal biological feed of the present invention also include
One or more in fish meal, fish oil, dregs of beans, tapioca, corn flour and Powdered Soy Lecithin.And, as needed, the present invention
Algal biological feed can prepare powdering or graininess or indefinite form.
Under the guidance of the total technical scheme of the present invention, another aspect of the present invention is related to a kind of algal biological feed, especially
It is the feed for raise poultry/domestic animal or aquaculture.The algal biological feed is prepared including preparation method as the aforementioned
Algal biological feed additive or seaweed fodder additive as the aforementioned.
The algal biological feed additive or algal biological feed prepared by the present invention had both substantially increased disappearing for marine alga
Change absorptivity, reduction is wasted, and immunity of organisms can be strengthened again, is a kind of healthy, efficient, new while reducing the use of antibiotic
The breeding feed of type.And of the invention to compare with other preparation methods of the prior art, its preparation process is simple, easy to operate,
Production time is short, it is adaptable to the large-scale production in the short time.
It should be noted that above-mentioned specific embodiment is exemplary, and under the above-mentioned teaching of the present invention, art technology
Personnel can carry out various improvement and deformation on the basis of above-described embodiment, and these are improved or deform to fall the present invention's
In protection domain.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that specific descriptions above are intended merely to explain the purpose of the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is limited by claim and its equivalent.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of algal biological feed additive, it is characterised in that methods described comprises the steps：
(1) marine alga slurries are prepared；
(2) microbial enzyme is added in the marine alga slurries；
(3) the marine alga slurries are digested using the microbial enzyme, so as to obtain the algal biological feed additive；
Wherein, in terms of the gross mass of the microbial enzyme, the microbial enzyme comprising 60% to 100% cellulase, 0～
40% pectase, 0～5% protease and 0～5% amylase.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The microbial enzyme also includes amylase；Or
The microbial enzyme also includes amylase, and also comprising pectase and/or protease；Or
The microbial enzyme also includes amylase, pectase and protease.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：
The cellulase comes from Li Shi trichodermas, Trichoderma viride and/or aspergillus niger；The pectase comes from Rhizopus oryzae, aspergillus niger
And/or aspergillus oryzae；The protease source is in papain, bromelain and/or hay bacillus；The amylase comes from ground
Clothing bacillus, aspergillus oryzae and/or aspergillus niger；
It is further preferred that the cellulase comes from Li Shi trichodermas；The pectase comes from Rhizopus oryzae；The protease source is in spinach
Trailing plants protease；The amylase comes from bacillus licheniformis.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：
The enzyme activity of the cellulase is (18～24) × 104μ/g, the enzyme activity of the pectase is (2～5) × 104μ/g, it is described
The enzyme activity of protease is (10～50) × 104μ/g, the diastatic enzyme activity is (1～5) × 104μ/g；It is further preferred that institute
The enzyme activity for stating cellulase is 20 × 104μ/g, the enzyme activity of the pectase is (2～5) × 104μ/g, the enzyme activity of the protease
For (10～50) × 104μ/g, the diastatic enzyme activity is (1～5) × 104μ/g；And/or
Mass ratio according to the microbial enzyme and marine alga slurries is (0.3～3)：100 ratio adds in the marine alga slurries
Plus the microbial enzyme, and normal pressure, temperature be 30～65 DEG C, insulation enzymolysis 6～30 hours under conditions of pH3～7.
5. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：
The marine alga slurries are made up of marine alga or marine alga slag；
Preferably, a diameter of 1mm of particle in the marine alga slurries or so；
It is further preferred that the marine alga or marine alga slag are also the step of inorganic removal of impurities.
6. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the addition is carried out in the following way：
The extra large bath slurries are squeezed into high-speed dispersing kettle the stirring that adds water for the first time so that water is sufficiently mixed with marine alga slurries, and
And first time amount of water and the mass ratio of the marine alga slurries are (30～40)：100；It is further preferred that the high-speed dispersing kettle
Rotating speed after startup is 3000 revs/min, and after stirring 3 minutes, the rotating speed of the high-speed dispersing kettle is down to by 3000 revs/min
1000 revs/min；
Mixed extra large bath slurries are squeezed into enzymatic vessel, the complex microorganism enzyme is added water and add for the second time, institute is formed
Mixed liquor is stated, and the total amount of first time amount of water and second amount of water and the mass ratio of the extra large bath slurries are 50：100；
And
Heating and thermal insulation enzymolysis after the mixed liquor is stirred, and in enzymolysis process, stir once within each hour, and
Stir 5 minutes every time.
7. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that methods described also include following concentration step or
Drying steps, the concentration step is by carrying out the mixed liquor for having digested by the band filter that recoils after the enzymolysis
Separation of solid and liquid and the enzymolysis clear liquid isolated is carried out concentration to carry out in the range of 60～68 DEG C；The drying steps lead to
Cross and be dried to carry out by the mixed liquor for having digested after the enzymolysis.
8. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：
The microbial enzyme is made up of cellulase, and enzyme activity is 200,000 μ/g, in terms of the gross mass of the marine alga slurries, the fibre
The plain enzyme of dimension is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25 hours；Or
The microbial enzyme is the complex microorganism mixed by the cellulase of 60 mass % and the pectase of 40 mass %
Enzyme, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, and the enzyme activity of the pectase is 1.2 ten thousand μ/g, the complex microorganism enzyme with
0.4% addition addition, enzymolysis time is 25 hours；Or
The microbial enzyme is mixed by the protease of the cellulase, the pectase of 35 mass % and 5 mass % of 60 mass %
Complex microorganism enzyme, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, and the enzyme activity of the pectase is 1.05 ten thousand μ/g, institute
The enzyme activity for stating protease is 2.5 ten thousand μ/g, and the complex microorganism enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25 little
When；Or
The microbial enzyme is mixed by the amylase of the cellulase, the pectase of 35 mass % and 5 mass % of 60 mass %
Complex microorganism enzyme, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, and the enzyme activity of the pectase is 1.05 ten thousand μ/g, institute
It is 0.25 ten thousand μ/g to state diastatic enzyme activity, and the complex microorganism enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25 little
When；Or
The microbial enzyme is mixed by the protease of the cellulase, the pectase of 27 mass % and 3 mass % of 70 mass %
Complex microorganism enzyme, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 140,000 μ/g, and the enzyme activity of the pectase is 0.81 ten thousand μ/g, institute
The enzyme activity for stating protease is 1.5 ten thousand μ/g, and the complex microorganism enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25 little
When；Or
The microbial enzyme is by the cellulase of 60 mass %, the pectase of 30 mass %, the protease of 5 mass % and 5 matter
The complex microorganism enzyme that mixes of amylase of amount %, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 120,000 μ/g, the enzyme of the pectase
Living is 0.81 ten thousand μ/g, and the enzyme activity of the protease is 2.5 ten thousand μ/g, and the diastatic enzyme activity is 0.25 ten thousand μ/g, described compound
Microbial enzyme is added with 0.4% addition, and enzymolysis time is 25 hours.
9. a kind of algal biological feed additive, it is characterised in that the algal biological feed additive is will according to such as right
Ask what the preparation method described in one of 1～7 was prepared from；Preferably, the seaweed fodder also comprising fish meal, fish oil, dregs of beans,
One or more in tapioca, corn flour and Powdered Soy Lecithin.
10. a kind of algal biological feed, in particular for raise poultry/domestic animal or the feed of aquaculture, it is characterised in that institute
State algal biological feed additive that feed is prepared from comprising preparation method as described in one of claim 1～8 or such as power
Profit requires the seaweed fodder additive described in 9.
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| CN104146150A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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