CN103931886A - Enteromorpha prolifera feed additive as well as preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents
Enteromorpha prolifera feed additive as well as preparation method and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an enteromorpha prolifera feed additive as well as a preparation method and applications thereof. The preparation method of the enteromorpha prolifera feed additive comprises the following steps: collecting and cleaning enteromorpha prolifera; drying the enteromorpha prolifera; grinding enteromorpha prolifera to obtain enteromorpha prolifera algae powder, then performing anaerobic fermentation, adding cellulase, yeast powder and lactic acid bacterium powder, adding a certain amount of water, evenly mixing, filling in a fermentation bag, and airtighly fermenting to obtain enteromorpha prolifera fermentation liquor, namely the feed additive. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the enteromorpha prolifera feed additive, and applications of the enteromorpha prolifera feed additive for an aquatic feed. The feed additive can maximally utilize the nutritional substances of enteromorpha prolifera, is simple to operate, and convenient to use, and capable of extremely promoting the growth of aquatic products. In addition, the multiple indexes of the aquatic products fed by the enteromorpha prolifera feed additive has good effects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed additive field, relate in particular to a kind of enteromorpha feed additive, preparation method and its usage.
Background technology
In recent years, carried out algae both at home and abroad and be applied to a series of researchs in aquatic feeds industry, the research that especially in the world algae is applied to aquatic feeds industry is system and deeply more.The multinational commercialization of carrying out algae, particularly micro-algae is produced and China's research is in this respect started late, and studies not system, only to aquatic feeds, can utilize the kind, occupation mode, use amount, result of use etc. of algae to do some researchs.
The tangleweed of the use different contents such as Soler-Vila (5%, 10% and 15%) (
porphyra dioica) powder preparation wait the fat mixed feeds such as nitrogen throw something and feed respectively rainbow trout (
oncorhynchus mykiss), found that: use the rainbow trout mixed feed of 10% seawood meal, effectively improved the muscle color of rainbow trout, improve the value of the product of rainbow trout.Eegun etc. study discovery,, throw something and feed respectively use the ulva lactuca powder of 0% or 5 %, crude protein 40 %, lipid be respectively 4 kinds of mixed feeds of 10% and 20% bolti (
oreochromis niloticus), use ulva lactuca powder, improved the specific growth rate of bolti.Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio, PER, significantly reduced its muscle fat content.Onder etc. studied mixed feed add 10% sea lettuce (
ulva lactuca) powder and the impact of waterside lichenin on rainbow trout growth performance, body composition and feed efficiency etc., result shows to use 10% ulva lactuca powder or waterside lichenin all can reduce the speed of growth and the efficiency of feed utilization of fish.Hiskia Megameno Asino research is found to add the growth that Enteromorpha can promote large yellow croaker juvenile fish in feed, and its specific growth rate raises along with the rising of Enteromorpha content.
Enteromorpha is a class high protein, high dietary-fiber, polysaccharide, is rich in mineral element, low-fat large-scale green alga, and extensive growth is each marine site in the world, has strong especially natural propagation ability.In every flouring season, on sea, can form " green tide ", thereby cause the frustration on ecological environment.Exploitation Enteromorpha is a kind of feeding additive aquatic animal, not only turns waste into wealth, and resource obtains rational utilization, has more enriched the raw material sources of aquatic feeds.
In recent years, about the research of Enteromorpha, be never interrupted.Guan Hongbin etc. have studied the suitableeest processing technology of enteromorpha additive aquatic feed, by ultrasonic wave or citric acid treatment for fresh Enteromorpha, amount with 20% adds in formula feed, stir and evenly mix and be placed in 30 ~ 38 ℃ of continuation fermentations 1 ~ 2 hour, granulation shape feed, in 60 ℃ of low temperature drying moulding [CN 102613400A].Su Xiurong etc. have invented a kind of method of preparing feed addictive with fermenting enteromorpha, by Enteromorpha, fly maggot and water, be made into zymotic fluid, interpolation is by Bacillus cercus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis and replace the composite bacteria liquid that Pseudomonas forms, at fermentation temperature, be aerobic fermentation under 25 ~ 45 ℃ of conditions, fermentation time is 12 ~ 72 hours, dry this feed addictive [CN101669580B] that obtains of spraying after fermentation.The method of utilizing Enteromorpha leaching liquor to produce fermented feed has been introduced in Gao Xiangs etc., by feed, fermented bacterium and Enteromorpha leaching liquor mix and blend, and heat-preservation fermentation 32 ~ 72 hours [CN102813057A].
But above method is complicated, be not easy to operation, the utilization rate of Enteromorpha is not high simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nutritional labeling of utilizing to greatest extent Enteromorpha, simple to operate, easy to use, greatly promote the feed addictive that aquatic products is grown.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of enteromorpha feed additive, it is characterized in that, by following preparation method, prepared,
Enteromorpha gathers, and cleans;
Enteromorpha drying and processing: the Enteromorpha after cleaning is drained, and airing, until while staying without water droplet, put into 60 ℃ of oven for drying to becoming strip by Manual pulverizing;
The pulverizing of Enteromorpha: utilize Lowtemperaturepulverizer, the strip Enteromorpha algae powder processed after drying and processing, cross 60 mesh sieves, obtain Enteromorpha algae powder;
Anaerobic fermentation: in described Enteromorpha algae powder, add cellulase, saccharomycete powder and lactic acid bacteria powder, add certain water gaging, mix, pack in fermentation bag, sealing and fermenting obtains fermenting enteromorpha liquid and is feed addictive.
Described Enteromorpha collection, the cleaning in cleaning is for first rinsing with sea water filter, then rinses 1-3 time with running water.
In the ultramicro grinding of described Enteromorpha, low temperature refers to that temperature is 10 ℃.
In described anaerobic fermentation, the consumption of described each composition is described Enteromorpha algae powder: saccharomycete powder: lactic acid bacteria powder: cellulase solution: the 3000000000 cfu/g lactic acid bacteria powders of 5,000,000,000 cfu/g saccharomycete powder: the 1g of distilled water=600g Enteromorpha algae powder: 1g: 2ml cellulase: 1400mL distilled water; Described yeast is brewer's yeast, and lactic acid bacteria is lactobacillus acidophilus.
In described anaerobic fermentation, described fermentation condition is 25 ~ 35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃; Fermentation time is 5 days.
In described anaerobic fermentation, fermentation bag is 350*450mm, and thickness is 10.
The preparation method of described enteromorpha feed additive, is characterized in that, comprises,
Enteromorpha gathers, and cleans;
Enteromorpha drying and processing: the Enteromorpha after cleaning is drained, and airing, until while staying without water droplet, put into 60 ℃ of oven for drying to becoming strip by Manual pulverizing;
The ultramicro grinding of Enteromorpha: utilize Lowtemperaturepulverizer, the strip Enteromorpha algae powder processed after drying and processing, cross 60 mesh sieves, obtain Enteromorpha algae powder;
Anaerobic fermentation: in described Enteromorpha algae powder, add cellulase, saccharomycete powder and lactic acid bacteria powder, add certain water gaging, mix, pack in fermentation bag, sealing and fermenting obtains fermenting enteromorpha liquid and is feed addictive;
Optional, described Enteromorpha collection, the cleaning in cleaning is for first rinsing with sea water filter, then with running water flushing 1-3 time;
Optional, in the ultramicro grinding of described Enteromorpha, low temperature refers to that temperature is 10 ℃;
Optional, in described anaerobic fermentation, the consumption of described each composition is described Enteromorpha algae powder: saccharomycete powder: lactic acid bacteria powder: cellulase: the 3000000000 cfu/g lactic acid bacteria powders of 5,000,000,000 cfu/g saccharomycete powder: the 1g of distilled water=600g Enteromorpha algae powder: 1g: 2ml cellulase solution: 1400mL distilled water;
Optional, in described anaerobic fermentation, described fermentation condition is 25 ~ 35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃; Fermentation time is 5 days.
Optional, in described anaerobic fermentation, fermentation bag is 350*450mm, thickness is 10.
Described enteromorpha feed additive, for the purposes of aquatic feeds, is preferably the purposes for fish and shrimp feed.
Described enteromorpha feed additive is for the purposes of aquatic feeds, the 2-5 % by weight that enteromorpha feed additive addition is aquatic feeds.
Described enteromorpha feed additive is for the purposes of aquatic feeds, the 2-4 % by weight that enteromorpha feed additive addition is aquatic feeds.
In the present invention, be in the Enteromorpha of coarse crushing, add cellulase, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, make it to mix, sealing anaerobic fermentation, fermentation temperature is 25 ~ 35 ℃, fermentation time is 5 days.Then fermenting enteromorpha liquid is joined in business mixed feed, mix, granulation shape feed.Cellulase can be abolished Enteromorpha cell membrane, and its active material and nutrient are better dissolved in feed.Lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete can not only efficient degradation sea grass polysaccharides, and albumen and cellulose, fully discharge the inner nutrient of Enteromorpha, accelerates fermenting enteromorpha speed, and can make Enteromorpha local flavor better, and fragrance is denseer, as additive, uses, and strengthens its food calling effect.
The present invention's cellulase used can decompose plant cell wall, and effective nutritional labeling such as sea grass polysaccharide, protein is efficiently discharged, and energy degrading plant high polymer composition, as pectin, starch, lignin etc.Studies have shown that, the structural polysaccharide of cellulase degradable plant is monose, for lactobacillus-fermented obtains sufficient substrate, significantly improves fermentation quality [5-6].The letter plant composite hydrolytic enzyme Viscozymel of Novi is a kind of various carbohydrases that contain, comprising arabanase, cellulase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, hemicellulase and zytase at interior Combizym, be a kind of blue or green brown liquid, density is 1.2g/L.
Lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, cellulase acting in conjunction, in Enteromorpha algae powder, have obtained the effect that multiplies each other after fermentation, significantly improve fermentation quality.
Fermenting enteromorpha technology path of the present invention is:
Fresh Enteromorpha collection-clean-drain, airing, until while staying without water droplet, put into 60 ℃ of oven for drying to becoming strip-pulverizing by Manual pulverizing: utilize Lowtemperaturepulverizer, the Enteromorpha algae powder processed of drying, mistake 60 mesh sieves;-anaerobic fermentation obtains fermenting enteromorpha liquid and is feed addictive.
During use, gained feed addictive is mixed with conventional feed according to certain ratio and be made into aquatic feeds can feed fish or shrimps.
The temperature of ultramicro grinding of the present invention is 10 ℃, and excess Temperature may destroy the chemical constitution of Enteromorpha composition, as Polyphenols.
The specific embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, according to the described technology of the document in this area or condition or carry out according to product description.The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, being can be by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
embodiment 1: the preparation of feed addictive
Enteromorpha gathers, and cleans: the 3-4 month in 2012, from collecting each beach and Quanzhouwan area collection Enteromorpha raw material in U.S., Xiang peace, Tongan City, Xiamen Island, rinses through sea water filter, removes mud, takes back laboratory, continues to rinse 2 times with running water.
Enteromorpha drying and processing: the Enteromorpha after cleaning is drained, and airing, until while staying without water droplet, put into 60 ℃ of oven for drying to becoming strip by Manual pulverizing;
The ultramicro grinding of Enteromorpha: utilize Lowtemperaturepulverizer, temperature is 10 ℃, the strip Enteromorpha algae powder processed after drying and processing, crosses 60 mesh sieves, obtains Enteromorpha algae powder;
Anaerobic fermentation: in Enteromorpha algae powder, add 0.1% cellulase (the letter composite plant hydrolase ViscozymeL of Novi), 0.05% saccharomycete powder (5,000,000,000 cfu/g) and 0.05% lactic acid bacteria powder (3,000,000,000 cfu/g) (the green section in Jiangsu), add 70% water, mix, packing specification into is 350*450mm, thickness is in the fermentation bag (being purchased from Wenzhou Chuan Jia packaging material Co., Ltd) of 10, sealing and fermenting 5 days.In 600g Enteromorpha algae powder, added 1g saccharomycete powder, 1g lactic acid bacteria powder and 2ml cellulase solution, be dissolved in 1400mL distilled water, and 30 ℃ of sealing and fermenting 5 days, obtain feed addictive.
embodiment 2: aquaculture test
1) culture experiment of Red Tilapia
Business mixed feed at Red Tilapia (is purchased from the compound feed of tilapia of Xiamen Yin Xiang feed company, composition in Table 1 and table 2) in, add respectively 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% fermentation Enteromorpha, evenly mix, utilizing the multi-functional catalysis shaping mechanism of CD4 * 17S to become particle diameter is the granular pattern feed of 2.5mm, throwing something and feeding to average body quality is 4.69 ± 1.98g, and body length is 5.16 ± 0.63cm Red Tilapia seedling.The addition 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% of experimental basis fermentation Enteromorpha is divided into 5 groups and a control group (addition is 0%), and 3 every group are parallel, every cylinder 30 tail fishes, experimental period 49d.During formal test, by 3% left and right of quality of fishes, determine feeding volume, according to the situation adjustment of ingesting, after raising with throwing, eat up and be advisable then and there, throw something and feed every day 2 times (9:00,17:00), change water 50% left and right every day, by contaminate water pump and siphon pipe cleaning water vat bottom dirt, inflation round the clock, 26 ℃～36 ℃ of water temperatures, dissolved oxygen 5.7～8.0mg/l, pH is 6.5～7.9, is tested in July, 2012-August and carries out in Collects The American University's aquatic products base.
The business mixed feed component list of table 1 Red Tilapia
The nutrient composition content table of table 2 Red Tilapia
After culture experiment finishes, collect growth data, gather experiment sample, comprise serum, stomach, intestinal tissue and full fish sample, be placed in respectively-80 ℃ of refrigerators and save backup.Full fish sample, for detection of experiment fish basic nutrition composition, comprises moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash content.According to the growth data of collecting, according to following formula, calculate the growth indexes of each test group:
Increase quality rate (mass gain rate)=(net gain-initial mass * survival rate)/initial mass * 100
Specific growth rate (Specific growth rate)=(㏑ end quality-㏑ is quality just)/cultivation number of days * 100
Feed coefficient (feed conversion ratio, the FCR)=quality of always throwing something and feeding/(last quality-first quality) * 100
Survival rate (survival rate.SR)=test end fish number/test is tail fish number * 100 just
Liver body index (hepatosomatic index)=liver quality/weight * 100
Coefficient of condition (Condition factor, CF)=body weight/body length * body length * body long * 100
Sample serum, for detection of serum non-specific immunity enzyme, comprises total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LSZ), total serum protein.Stomach, intestinal tissue, for detection of digestive ferment, comprise pepsin, trypsase, amylase, lipase.Above index all uses kit (Nanjing Bioengineering Research Institute) to detect.
2) culture experiment of Penaeus Vannmei
Equally, business mixed feed at Penaeus Vannmei (is purchased from Xiamen Yin Xiang feed company litopenaeus vannamei compound feed, composition in Table 3 and table 4) in, add respectively 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% fermentation Enteromorpha, evenly mix, utilizing the multi-functional catalysis shaping mechanism of CD4 * 17S to become particle diameter is the granular pattern feed of 0.8mm, and throwing something and feeding to average body quality is 1.20 ± 0.51g, the Penaeus Vannmei seedling that body length is 4.23 ± 0.60cm.The addition 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% of experimental basis fermentation Enteromorpha is divided into 5 groups and a control group (addition is 0%), and 3 every group are parallel, every cylinder 25 tail shrimps, experimental period 28d.During formal test, 24h continuous charge, daily ration, feeding quantity is 6% of shrimp weight, in 8:00,12:00,18:00 throws something and feeds, account for respectively 20%, 20%, 60% of total daily ration, feeding quantity, and make suitable adjustment according to situations such as the shelling of prawn, health status and size thereof and water quality, weather, raising water temperature is 28.2 ± 1 ℃, and pH is 7.4～8.0, and salinity is 5 ‰, every 1d, change water 1/5, lucifuge cultivation 28d.Tested in August, 2012-September and carry out in Collects The American University's aquatic products base.
The business mixed feed component list of table 3 Penaeus Vannmei
The nutrient composition content table of table 4 Penaeus Vannmei
After culture experiment finishes, collect growth data, gather experiment sample, comprise hepatopancrease, stomach, intestinal tissue, be placed in respectively-80 ℃ of refrigerators and save backup.Growth indexes is calculated as above-mentioned formula.Hepatopancrease sample, for detection of nospecific immunity enzyme, comprises phenol oxidase (PO), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP).Stomach, intestinal tissue, for detection of digestive ferment, comprise pepsin, trypsase, amylase, lipase.Wherein, it is to carry out with reference to the method for Ashida (1971) that phenol oxidase detects, and all the other indexs all use kit (Nanjing Bioengineering Research Institute) to detect.
Effect
1, the impact of fermentation Enteromorpha on basic nutrition composition
Table 5, table 6 are the impacts on Red Tilapia and valve shore prawn basic nutrition composition of fermentation Enteromorpha.By table 5, table 6, can find, in feed, add after fermentation Enteromorpha, the basic nutrition composition of Red Tilapia and valve shore prawn is significant variation not, without meaning statistically.
The full fish basic nutrition component list of table 5
Table 6 shrimp body basic nutrition component list
2, the impact of fermentation Enteromorpha on nospecific immunity enzyme
The affect table of table 7 fermentation Enteromorpha on Red Tilapia nospecific immunity enzyme
Note: * refers to compare in 0.05 level with control group variant; * refers to compare in 0.01 level with control group variant.Following table is same.
As shown in Table 7, add after fermentation Enteromorpha, compare with control group, superoxide dismutase T-SOD, the lysozyme LSZ of Red Tilapia all have certain growth, wherein T-SOD is when Enteromorpha addition is 3%, 4%, significant difference (P<0.05), and when addition is 2%, 3%, 4%, all there were significant differences (P<0.05) for LSZ, when adding 5% fermentation Enteromorpha, show as utmost point significant difference (P<0.01).With respect to control group, acid phosphatase ACP vigor when Enteromorpha addition is 2%, 3%, 4% has certain growth, adds 4% fermentation Enteromorpha and makes the enzyme maximum (P<0.01) that arrives alive.Alkaline phosphatase AKP is equally when Enteromorpha addition is 3%, and enzyme work reaches maximum (P<0.01), and 2%, 4% group compared with control group and have significant difference (P<0.05).Add fermentation Enteromorpha to 4% time, the total serum protein of Red Tilapia is all improved to some extent, and when addition is 3%, 4%, shows as significant difference (P<0.05).
The affect table of table 8 fermentation Enteromorpha on Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low nospecific immunity enzyme
As shown in Table 8, ACP, in 4% interpolation group best results, has increased by 44.1% than control group.AKP, SOD are all 3% group and reach maximum, increased respectively 47.1%, 44.2%.The PO of fermentation Enteromorpha 3% interpolation group is 17.9 times of control group, increases at most.Wherein 2% group of ACP and control group significant difference (P<0.05), AKP, SOD, PO all with control group difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).3% group of ACP, AKP, SOD, PO all with control group difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).4% and 5% group of ACP, AKP, SOD are all extremely remarkable with control group difference, and PO is without significant correlation.
3, the impact of fermentation Enteromorpha on digestive ferment
The affect table of table 9 fermentation Enteromorpha on Red Tilapia digestive ferment
Known by table 9, in feed, add after fermentation Enteromorpha, the digestive enzyme activity of Red Tilapia stomach, intestinal tissue all improves.While adding 2%, 3% fermentation Enteromorpha, peptic activity of stomach is compared difference extremely significantly (P<0.01) with control group; In erepsin index, be equally 2%, 3% group with control group difference extremely remarkable, 4% group shows as significant difference (P<0.05).While adding 1%-4% fermentation Enteromorpha, entero-amylase all shows as and control group difference extremely significantly (P<0.01); While adding 2%, 4% fermentation Enteromorpha, pepsin is lived and control group significant difference (P<0.05), and when addition is 3%, pepsin activity reaches maximum, with control group difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).Known from the measurement result of lipase, while adding the Enteromorpha of 1%-4%, gastric lipase, intestines lipase all with control group difference extremely remarkable (P<0.01).
The affect table of table 10 fermentation Enteromorpha on valve shore prawn digestive ferment
As shown in Table 10, add after fermentation Enteromorpha in feed, compare with control group, Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low digestive ferment achievement data all increases.Stomach and intestine amylase, pepsin, stomach and intestine lipase all reaches maximum at 3% group, with respect to control group, has increased respectively 44.8%, 42.5%, 47.4%,, 40.6%, 52.9%, erepsin, 2% group of best results, has improved 39.1%.2% group of stomach amylase, erepsin, gastric lipase and control group difference is (P<0.01) extremely significantly, intestines lipase and control group significant difference (P<0.05).3% group of stomach amylase, entero-amylase, pepsin, gastric lipase, intestines lipase all with control group difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), erepsin and control group significant difference (P<0.05).4% group of gastric lipase, intestines lipase and control group difference is (P<0.01) extremely significantly, stomach amylase, entero-amylase, erepsin all with control group significant difference (P<0.05).5% group of intestines lipase and control group difference is (P<0.01) extremely significantly.
4, growth indexes
The affect table of table 11 fermentation Enteromorpha on Red Tilapia growth indexes
Known by table 11, the increasing quality rate of Red Tilapia, specific growth rate, coefficient of condition increase along with the increase of Enteromorpha addition, wherein when Enteromorpha addition is 3%, compare with control group, increase quality rate and show as utmost point significant difference (P<0.01), specific growth rate, coefficient of condition significant difference (P<0.05).When Enteromorpha addition is 4%, 5%, increase quality rate, specific growth rate, coefficient of condition, with control group comparison, difference is P<0.01 extremely significantly.Feed coefficient is when Enteromorpha addition is 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, all decrease, wherein at 4% group, reach minimum, 3%-5% group with contrast 0% group and compare and all have utmost point significant difference (P<0.01), and 2% group only have significant difference (P<0.05), when addition is 4%, increasing quality rate, specific growth rate have all reached maximum, relatively with 0% group, they have improved respectively 12.95%(P<0.01), 11.31%(P<0.01), same, feed coefficient has also reduced by 20.76%.
The affect table of table 12 fermentation Enteromorpha on Growth of Litopenaeus vannamei index
As shown in Table 12, add after fermentation Enteromorpha in feed, specific growth rate, increasing quality rate, coefficient of condition and survival rate all increase.With respect to control group, 1%, 2%, 3% group of feed coefficient all decreases, and wherein 3% group of feed coefficient is minimum, has reduced by 9.6%.Increasing quality rate, specific growth rate, coefficient of condition, survival rate all reach maximum at 3% group, increased respectively 30.1%, 4.0%, 18.5%, 4.2%, wherein only have 3% group to increase quality rate and control group significant difference (P<0.05), all the other groups of all the other indexs and control group are all without significant correlation.
By above data, can draw:
In the feed of Red Tilapia, the fermentation Enteromorpha of interpolation 4% can promote its growth significantly, improves immunity and digestive enzyme activity.But when addition is 5%, the growth rate of fish body, immunity and digestive enzyme activity decrease.
The feed addictive that fermentation Enteromorpha can be used as Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low is used, and the fermentation Enteromorpha of interpolation 3% can promote its growth significantly, can promote abilities of digestive and absorption, reduces feed coefficient, and can promote nonspecific immunity level to improve.
Embodiment 3: feed addictive orthogonal test
In Enteromorpha algae powder, add cellulase (the letter composite plant hydrolase ViscozymeL of Novi), saccharomycete powder (brewer's yeast 5,000,000,000 cfu/g) and the lactic acid bacteria powder (lactobacillus acidophilus 3,000,000,000 cfu/g) (bacterium powder soaks 4 hours before using) of different amounts to carry out orthogonal experiment, as table 13, every group is all added 70% water, mix, packing specification into is 350*450mm, and thickness is in the fermentation bag of 10, sealing and fermenting 5 days, and measure index of correlation.Table 13 is the orthogonal test combination under different condition.
The grouping of table 13 orthogonal experiment:
| Factor | A | B | C | D |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| 2 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 25 |
| 3 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 35 |
| 4 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.05 | 35 |
| 5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 30 |
| 6 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0 | 25 |
| 7 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.10 | 25 |
| 8 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0 | 35 |
| 9 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 30 |
Wherein A is for adding lactic acid bacteria mass percent; B is for adding saccharomycete mass percent; C is for adding cellulase percent by volume; D is temperature.
Fermentation Enteromorpha nutrition Quality Analysis
After table 14 is orthogonal experiment, the intuitive analysis table of fermentation Enteromorpha soluble sugar content.Table 15 is orthogonal test color and luster, smell, pH value, ammonia nitrogen content result table.By table 14, four factors are sequentially C>A>B>D on the primary and secondary of fermentation Enteromorpha soluble sugar content impact, each factor average maximum be combined as C
3a
2b
2d
1, best technological condition for fermentation is to add 0.10% cellulase in Enteromorpha algae powder, 0.05% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.05% saccharomycete, is anaerobic fermentation under 30 ℃ of conditions in temperature.After table 15 is orthogonal experiment, pH value and the ammonia nitrogen content of each group.As can be seen from Table 15, the 5th group is optimum combination, pH value below 5 and with the 1st group be control group difference extremely significantly (
p<0.01), ammonia nitrogen content also with control group significant difference (
p<0.05), than reduction by 9.8%, smell has sour fragrance, color and luster is normal.
Table 14 L
9(3
4) Orthogonal experiment results soluble sugar intuitive analysis table
| Experiment number | A | B | C | D | Soluble sugar (%) |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 7.43 |
| 2 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 25 | 7.75 |
| 3 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 35 | 8.64 |
| 4 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.05 | 35 | 8.34 |
| 5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 30 | 9.47 |
| 6 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0 | 25 | 7.86 |
| 7 | 0.10 | 0 | 0.10 | 25 | 8.72 |
| 8 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0 | 35 | 8.07 |
| 9 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 30 | 8.18 |
| Average 1 | 7.940 | 8.163 | 7.787 | 8.360 | ? |
| Average 2 | 8.557 | 8.430 | 8.090 | 8.110 | ? |
| Average 3 | 8.323 | 8.227 | 8.943 | 8.350 | ? |
| Extreme difference | 0.617 | 0.267 | 1.156 | 0.250 | ? |
Table 15 Orthogonal experiment results table
| Experiment number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Color and luster | Blue or green brown | Yellow green | Yellow green | Blue or green brown | Yellow green | Blue or green brown | Yellow green | Blue or green brown | Yellow green |
| Smell | Dilture acid taste | Dilture acid taste | Dilture acid taste | Dilture acid taste | Acid fragrance | Acid fragrance | Acid fragrance | Acid fragrance | Acid fragrance |
| PH value | 5.35±0.13 | 5.25±0.12 ** | 5.13±0.10 ** | 5.01±0.03 ** | 4.95±0.05 ** | 4.92±0.05 ** | 4.80±0.01 ** | 4.77±0.06 ** | 4.75±0.03 ** |
| Ammonia nitrogen content (%) | 12.48±0.15 | 11.76±0.97 | 11.49±0.25 | 12.88±0.56 | 11.25±0.57 * | 12.13±0.67 | 11.76±0 | 12.86±1.09 | 11.40±0.66 |
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention in the situation that not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, modification, replacement and modification.
Claims (10)
1. an enteromorpha feed additive, is characterized in that, by following preparation method, prepared,
Enteromorpha gathers, and cleans;
Enteromorpha drying and processing: the Enteromorpha after cleaning is drained, and airing, until while staying without water droplet, put into 60 ℃ of oven for drying to becoming strip by Manual pulverizing;
The pulverizing of Enteromorpha: utilize Lowtemperaturepulverizer, the strip Enteromorpha algae powder processed after drying and processing, cross 60 mesh sieves, obtain Enteromorpha algae powder;
Anaerobic fermentation: in described Enteromorpha algae powder, add cellulase, saccharomycete powder and lactic acid bacteria powder, add certain water gaging, mix, pack in fermentation bag, sealing and fermenting obtains fermenting enteromorpha liquid and is feed addictive.
2. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described Enteromorpha collection, and the cleaning in cleaning is for first rinsing with sea water filter, then rinses 1-3 time with running water.
3. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in the ultramicro grinding of described Enteromorpha, low temperature refers to that temperature is 10 ℃.
4. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described anaerobic fermentation, the consumption of described each composition is described Enteromorpha algae powder: saccharomycete powder: lactic acid bacteria powder: cellulase: the 3000000000 cfu/g lactic acid bacteria powders of 5,000,000,000 cfu/g saccharomycete powder: the 1g of distilled water=600g Enteromorpha algae powder: 1g: 2ml cellulase: 1400mL distilled water; Described saccharomycete is brewer's yeast, and lactic acid bacteria is lactobacillus acidophilus.
5. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described anaerobic fermentation, described fermentation condition is 25 ~ 35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃; Fermentation time is 5 days.
6. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described anaerobic fermentation, fermentation bag is 350*450mm, and thickness is 10.
7. the preparation method of enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise,
Enteromorpha gathers, and cleans;
Enteromorpha drying and processing: the Enteromorpha after cleaning is drained, and airing, until while staying without water droplet, put into 60 ℃ of oven for drying to becoming strip by Manual pulverizing;
The ultramicro grinding of Enteromorpha: utilize Lowtemperaturepulverizer, the strip Enteromorpha algae powder processed after drying and processing, cross 60 mesh sieves, obtain Enteromorpha algae powder;
Anaerobic fermentation: in described Enteromorpha algae powder, add cellulase, saccharomycete powder and lactic acid bacteria powder, add certain water gaging, mix, pack in fermentation bag, sealing and fermenting obtains fermenting enteromorpha liquid and is feed addictive;
Optional, described Enteromorpha collection, the cleaning in cleaning is for first rinsing with sea water filter, then with running water flushing 1-3 time;
Optional, in the ultramicro grinding of described Enteromorpha, low temperature refers to that temperature is 10 ℃;
Optional, in described anaerobic fermentation, the consumption of described each composition is described Enteromorpha algae powder: saccharomycete powder: lactic acid bacteria powder: cellulase solution: the 3000000000 cfu/g lactic acid bacteria powders of 5,000,000,000 cfu/g saccharomycete powder: the 1g of distilled water=600g Enteromorpha algae powder: 1g: 2ml cellulase: 1400mL distilled water;
Optional, in described anaerobic fermentation, described fermentation condition is 25 ~ 35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃; Fermentation time is 5 days;
Optional, in described anaerobic fermentation, fermentation bag is 350*450mm, thickness is 10.
8. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 1, for the purposes of aquatic feeds, is preferably the purposes for fish and shrimp feed.
9. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 8 is for the purposes of aquatic feeds, the 2-5 % by weight that enteromorpha feed additive addition is aquatic feeds.
10. enteromorpha feed additive claimed in claim 8 is for the purposes of aquatic feeds, the 2-4 % by weight that enteromorpha feed additive addition is aquatic feeds.
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