CN104719677B - A kind of sturgeon mixed feed that rubber seedcake utilization rate is improved using yolk powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a sturgeon compound feed which uses egg yolk powder to improve the utilization rate of rubber seed cake, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. In the sturgeon compound feed, use egg yolk powder rich in cholesterol to increase the utilization rate of rubber seed cake, thereby increasing the ratio of rubber seed cake to replace the composite plant protein source composed of soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal; Cholesterol egg yolk powder can improve the utilization efficiency of rubber seed cake without affecting the physiological functions of sturgeon, thereby increasing the ratio of rubber seed cake as protein raw material in sturgeon feed, and replacing plant protein sources to the greatest extent , thereby saving scarce protein sources such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal, and at the same time, reducing formula cost and feed coefficient, having a high cost performance, and improving the efficiency of sturgeon breeding.

Description

A Sturgeon Compound Feed Using Egg Yolk Powder to Improve the Utilization Rate of Rubber Seed Cake

technical field

The invention relates to a sturgeon compound feed, in particular to a sturgeon compound feed which uses egg yolk powder to improve the utilization rate of rubber seed cake, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.

Background technique

With the improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for aquatic products is increasing. In recent years, the increase of my country's aquatic products mainly comes from the aquaculture industry, and the current production of aquatic products in my country has accounted for 72% of the total output. With the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, the demand for compound feed ingredients is increasing. my country is a country with a shortage of protein resources, and the shortage of feed protein sources is particularly prominent. There is a gap of more than 30 million tons of protein raw materials every year. In recent years, the market prices of conventional protein raw materials such as fishmeal and soybean meal have continued to rise, which has greatly increased the cost of feed.

Rubber seed cake is a by-product of rubber seed oil processing, containing 25-30% of crude protein (balanced proportion of essential amino acids), 10-15% of crude fat (82% of unsaturated fatty acid, 60% of linoleic acid and linolenic acid) %), rich in mineral elements such as calcium and phosphorus, it can be considered as a substitute for conventional protein raw materials.

In the prior art, patents CN103284018B, CN103300222B, CN103300223B, CN103300255B, and CN103300256B relate to using rubber seed cakes as protein raw materials for fish feed. However, a large number of studies have shown that the high proportion of plant protein sources such as rubber seed cake can reduce the growth performance and immune function of fish, and can lead to a series of physiological abnormal effects such as the decrease of blood and muscle cholesterol levels in fish. It can be seen that when plant protein materials such as rubber seed cake are used as the main protein source, cholesterol metabolism in fish is disturbed, resulting in insufficient supply of cholesterol in fish. Cholesterol is an indispensable and important substance in animal tissue cells. It not only participates in the formation of cell membranes, but also is a raw material for the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. It plays an extremely important physiological role in maintaining the stability of immune cells and the vitality of white blood cells. Studies have shown that appropriate supplementation of cholesterol in plant protein-based feeds such as rubber seed cake is beneficial to improve the growth performance and immune function of fish. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the utilization efficiency and appropriate dosage of rubber seed cake under the condition of adding cholesterol in different fish feeds, so as to fully develop and utilize this high-quality protein feed resource.

Egg yolk powder is made from fresh eggs, and is made through more than 10 processes including egg washing, disinfection, spraying, drying, egg beating, separation, filtration, homogenization, pasteurization, spraying, and drying. Egg yolk powder contains about 30% crude protein, 40-60% crude fat, and is rich in cholesterol (3-4%). It can be considered as a source of cholesterol in aquatic feed.

In particular, in aquaculture, sturgeon is a large economically important fish with late sexual maturity, fast growth, wide adaptability and strong disease resistance. Sturgeon is a kind of omnivorous fish, and its pellet feed mainly uses conventional protein raw materials such as fish meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal as main protein sources (CN102265995A, CN103340316A, CN101507465A). In recent years, the prices of conventional protein raw materials such as fishmeal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal have continued to rise, which has greatly increased feed costs and reduced the efficiency of sturgeon farming.

Therefore, the development and efficient utilization of new protein sources is an effective way to improve the efficiency of sturgeon farming and ensure the sustainable development of sturgeon farming.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a sturgeon compound feed that uses egg yolk powder to improve the utilization rate of the rubber seed cake. The present invention adds egg yolk powder rich in cholesterol within a reasonable range, without affecting the effect of the compound feed on each component of the sturgeon. Under the premise of improving the physiological functions, improve the utilization efficiency of rubber seed cake, thereby increasing the proportion of rubber seed cake as protein raw material in sturgeon feed, replacing plant protein sources to the greatest extent, thereby saving soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal, etc., which are in short supply Protein source, at the same time, reduces formula cost and feed factor, has higher cost performance, and improves the efficiency of sturgeon breeding.

In order to achieve the above invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: in the sturgeon compound feed, use egg yolk powder rich in cholesterol to improve the utilization rate of rubber seed cake, thereby improving the composition of rubber seed cake to replace soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal The proportion of complex vegetable protein sources.

A sturgeon compound feed that uses egg yolk powder to improve the utilization rate of rubber seeds includes fish meal, corn gluten meal, egg yolk powder, rubber seed cake, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, rice bran, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate , Vitamin C Phosphate, Choline Chloride, Ethoxyquinoline, Mineral Premix, Vitamin Premix, wherein the weight percentages of various raw materials are: fish meal 12-15%, corn gluten meal 4-6% , egg yolk powder 1-3%, rubber seed cake 8-32%, soybean meal 15-21%, rapeseed meal 12-16%, cottonseed meal 13-17%, rice bran 0-13.6%, soybean oil 3.8-8.2%, soybean Lecithin 0.3-0.5%, Calcium Dihydrogen Phosphate 0.7-1.5%, Vitamin C Phosphate 0.05-0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.3%, Ethoxyquinoline 0.01-0.03%, Mineral Premix 0.5% ～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; the weight percentage sum of all raw materials is 100%.

Preferably, the weight percentages of various raw materials in the compound feed are: fish meal 12-15%, corn gluten meal 4-6%, egg yolk powder 1-3%, rubber seed cake 16-24%, soybean meal 17.5-19% , rapeseed meal 13-14%, cottonseed meal 14-15%, rice bran 2.4-5.8%, soybean oil 4.9-6%, soybean lecithin 0.3-0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7-1.5%, vitamin C phosphate 0.05 ～0.1%, choline chloride 0.1～0.3%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; the weight percentage sum of all raw materials is 100%.

The soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphate, choline chloride, ethoxyquinoline, mineral premix and vitamin premix in the compound feed are added according to the ratio of conventional feed.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: within a reasonable range, the present invention adds egg yolk powder rich in cholesterol, and improves the utilization efficiency of rubber seed cake without affecting the physiological functions of the sturgeon with the compound feed, thereby improving the utilization rate of the rubber seed cake. As the proportion of protein raw material in sturgeon feed, seed cake replaces vegetable protein source to the greatest extent, thereby saving scarce protein sources such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal, and at the same time, reduces formula cost and feed coefficient, and has a high cost performance. Improve the efficiency of sturgeon farming.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, so as to facilitate the understanding of technical personnel. However, the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Effect analysis test 1:

Fishmeal, corn gluten meal, rubber seed cake, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal were used as feed protein sources, and soybean oil and soybean lecithin were used as fat sources. As shown in Table 1). Among them, no rubber seed cake was added in the feed of Example 1, which was used as a control group; the amount of rubber seed cake added in the feed of Examples 2 to 5 was 8 to 32% to replace the composite plant protein source composed of soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal . In Examples 1-5, 2% egg yolk powder was added to the feed to make up for the insufficient supply of cholesterol in the feed and improve the utilization efficiency of the rubber seed cake.

Table 1, embodiment feed formula (% dry matter basis)

Note: Mineral premix (g/kg): MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O, 180; KI, 1; FeSO ₄ H ₂ O, 260; ZnSO ₄ H ₂ O, 180; CuSO ₄ 5H ₂ O , 25; Na ₂ Se ₂ O ₃ , 0.01; MnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O, 180; CoCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, 0.75; vitamin premix (g/kg): vitamin A, 2; vitamin D ₃ , 0.03 ; vitamin E, 30; vitamin K, 3; thiamine hydrochloride, 8; riboflavin, 11; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 8; vitamin B ₁₂ , 0.02; ascorbic acid, 50; folic acid, 1; acid, 30; calcium pantothenate, 32; inositol, 25.

All feed raw materials are pulverized through pulverizer, and all cross 60 mesh sieves, with all pulverized feed raw materials, other raw materials except soybean oil and soybean lecithin are mixed evenly according to table 1 feed formula, then add soybean oil and soybean lecithin (previously Soybean oil), mix evenly, and finally add about 30% distilled water to make the powdered feed form a hard mass, put it in a pellet feed machine, extrude the feed into strips with a diameter of 2.0mm, and put it in a blast oven at 40°C Dry for 12 hours to bring its moisture content down to around 12%. After testing, the nutritional components of the feed formulations of the various embodiments of the present invention are shown in Table 2.

Table 2, embodiment feed nutrient composition

The sturgeons used in the experiment were the same batch of seedlings artificially cultivated in the same year, provided by a local farm. Before the experiment, the sturgeons were fed with commercial feed for 2 weeks to adapt to the breeding environment. Sturgeons were fasted for 24 h before the experiment. Select uniformly sized (about 18.3 g) and robust sturgeons, and randomly distribute them in 15 breeding tanks (5 experimental treatment groups, 3 repetitions in each group), with 30 fish per tank. Feed twice a day in the morning and evening (07:30, 17:30) to reach the satiety level. The aquaculture water is tap water with aeration and dechlorination, and a circulating water system is adopted. The circulation system adopts mechanical and biological filter media, and is sterilized with ultraviolet lamps. The water flow rate is 20L/min. The test was carried out for 10 weeks. During the whole breeding test period, 24h continuous oxygenation was used, natural light was used, and the water temperature was always kept at 16-22°C.

After the breeding experiment, stop feeding for 24 hours, weigh the total weight of fish in each barrel and record the number of fish, and calculate the growth rate and survival rate of sturgeon. In addition, tissue samples such as sturgeon blood, small intestine and liver were collected and analyzed to measure digestive enzyme activity, protein metabolism and antioxidant capacity indicators. The analysis and testing of each indicator adopts mature methods used in domestic and foreign research. All values are expressed as mean ± standard error One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, and when there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between treatment groups, multiple comparison analysis was performed with Tukey's test.

Tables 3 to 7 give the test data and test results.

Table 3, embodiment sturgeon growth performance result

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters on their shoulders (P<0.05).

It can be seen from Table 3 that with the increase of the replacement ratio of rubber seed cake in feed, the end weight of sturgeon, body weight, daily weight gain coefficient and protein efficiency all showed a trend of rising first and then falling. Highest. On the contrary, with the increase of the replacement ratio of rubber seed cake in the feed, the feed coefficient showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, among which the feeding group of Example 4 was the lowest. It can be seen that adding 8-32% rubber seed cake in the feed has no adverse effects on the growth performance and feed utilization rate of sturgeon.

Comparing the data of the sturgeons fed with feed in Examples 1 to 5 again, it can be found that the final weight, body weight, daily gain coefficient, feed coefficient and protein efficiency of the feed fed group in Example 4 are significantly better than those fed with feed in Example 1. feed group. It can be seen that when egg yolk powder is added to the sturgeon compound feed and the rubber seed cake is added at 24%, the effect is the best.

Table 4, embodiment sturgeon small intestine and liver digestive enzyme activity result

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters on their shoulders (P<0.05).

As can be seen from Table 4: the sturgeon fed with the feed of Example 4 had the highest intestinal protease activity, which was significantly higher than that of the feed fed with other examples; Activity is significantly higher than other embodiment feed feeding group; Use the sturgeon of embodiment 1,2 and 4 feed feeding, its small intestinal amylase activity is significantly higher than embodiment 3 feed feeding group; With the replacement ratio of rubber seed cake The activity of disaccharidase in the small intestine of sturgeon showed a significant upward trend. Similarly, the liver protease, lipase, amylase and disaccharidase activities of the sturgeons fed with the feed of Examples 3-4 were significantly higher than those of the feed fed with other examples. It can be seen that the addition of 8-32% rubber seed cake in the feed has no adverse effects on the activities of digestive enzymes in the small intestine and liver of sturgeons; and when the added amount is 16-24%, the activities of digestive enzymes are significantly improved.

Table 5, embodiment sturgeon blood plasma protein metabolism related index result

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters on their shoulders (P<0.05).

It can be known from Table 5: the plasma total amino acid level of the sturgeon fed with the feed of Examples 1-3 was significantly lower than that of the feed fed with Examples 4-5; the sturgeon fed with the feed of Examples 1-4, its The levels of plasma ammonia nitrogen and urea nitrogen were significantly lower than those of the group fed with the feed of Example 5; the activity of plasma aspartate aminotransferase in the sturgeon fed with the feed of Examples 2-4 was significantly lower than that of the groups fed with the feed of Examples 1 and 5. It can be seen that adding 8-24% rubber seed cake in the feed has no obvious adverse effect on the protein utilization efficiency of rainbow trout, but when the addition amount reaches 32%, the protein utilization efficiency is significantly inhibited.

Table 6, Example Sturgeon Plasma and Liver Antioxidant Capacity Index Results

Note: There is a significant difference between those with different letters on their shoulders (P<0.05).

It can be seen from Table 6 that the blood plasma nitric oxide, peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, alkaline phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde content of the sturgeon fed with the feed of Example 5 were significantly higher than those fed with the feed of the other examples. Feed group; Use the sturgeon that embodiment 1 feed feeds, its plasma lysozyme, glutathione peroxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activity are obviously higher than other embodiment feed treatment groups; Use embodiment 3 feed to feed Sturgeon, its plasma catalase activity was significantly higher than other examples of feed treatment groups. The sturgeons fed with the feedstuffs of Examples 3-4 had significantly higher liver lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity than those fed with the feedstuffs of Examples 1-2. ; The sturgeon fed with the feed of Example 3 has the highest hepatic glutathione peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity; the sturgeon fed with the feed of Examples 1 and 3 has a significantly higher hepatic nitric oxide content In the group fed with the feed of Example 2; on the contrary, the plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity of the sturgeon fed with the feed of Example 2 was significantly higher than that of the group fed with the feed of Example 5. It can be seen that adding 8-32% rubber seed cake in the feed has no obvious negative effect on the antioxidant capacity of sturgeon.

Effect analysis test 2:

Through the above tests, the addition ratio of egg yolk powder was reasonably extended, fish meal, corn gluten meal, rubber seed cake, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal were used as feed protein sources, soybean oil and soybean lecithin were used as fat sources, according to the conventional feed Proportioning scheme, prepared 5 kinds of isonitrogen and isoenergy feeds; wherein, no rubber seed cake was added in the feed of Example 1, as a control group; the addition of rubber seed cake in the feed of Examples 2 to 5 was 8 to 32% to replace A complex vegetable protein source composed of soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal. 1% egg yolk powder was added to the feeds of Examples 1-5, and the studies in Effect Analysis Test 1 were repeated.

Experimental conclusion: The conclusion in this experiment is basically consistent with the effect analysis experiment 1. Adding 8-32% rubber seed cake in the feed has significant effects on the growth performance, feed utilization rate, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, protein metabolism and lipid metabolism of sturgeon. Metabolic indicators and so on have no obvious adverse effects; and when the addition amount is 16-24%, the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity of sturgeon are obviously improved.

Effect analysis test 3:

Through the above tests, the addition ratio of egg yolk powder was reasonably extended, fish meal, corn gluten meal, rubber seed cake, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal were used as feed protein sources, soybean oil and soybean lecithin were used as fat sources, according to the conventional feed Proportioning scheme, prepared 5 kinds of isonitrogen and isoenergy feeds; wherein, no rubber seed cake was added in the feed of Example 1, as a control group; the addition of rubber seed cake in the feed of Examples 2 to 5 was 8 to 32% to replace A complex vegetable protein source composed of soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal. 3% egg yolk powder was added to the feeds of Examples 1-5, and the studies in Effect Analysis Test 1 were repeated.

Experimental conclusion: The conclusion in this experiment is basically consistent with the effect analysis experiment 1. Adding 8-32% rubber seed cake in the feed has significant effects on the growth performance, feed utilization rate, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, protein metabolism and lipid metabolism of sturgeon. Metabolic indicators and so on have no obvious adverse effects; and when the addition amount is 16-24%, the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity of sturgeon are obviously improved.

In conclusion, adding 8-32% rubber seed cake in the feed had no obvious adverse effects on the growth performance, feed utilization rate, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, protein metabolism and lipid metabolism indicators of sturgeon; and when adding When the content is 16-24%, the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity of sturgeon are obviously improved. Therefore, the suitable addition amount of rubber seed cake in sturgeon feed is 16-24%.

Rubber tree is an important economic crop in tropical areas. In addition to providing industrial raw material natural rubber, its seeds can also be used as a source of industrial and edible oil, and the remaining cake after shelling and oil extraction can be used as protein feed raw materials. my country's rubber plantations produce a large number of rubber seeds every year, but for a long time, except for a small amount used for breeding and primary processing of seed oil, more than 90% of them have not been effectively utilized and rotted in the ground. In recent years, with the breakthrough of rubber seed industrial processing technology, the comprehensive development and utilization of rubber seed has been favorably promoted. However, the high proportion of plant protein sources such as rubber seed cake can cause cholesterol metabolism disorder in fish, and the supply of cholesterol in fish is insufficient. Cholesterol is an indispensable and important substance in animal tissue cells. It not only participates in the formation of cell membranes, but also is a raw material for the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. It plays an extremely important physiological role in maintaining the stability of immune cells and the vitality of white blood cells. Egg yolk powder is rich in cholesterol and is an ideal cholesterol raw material for high-grade feed and other products.

Table 7, embodiment feed cost analysis

Note: The feed price is calculated according to the quoted price, including fish meal 11,000 yuan/ton, soybean meal 3,400 yuan/ton, cottonseed meal 2,300 yuan/ton, rapeseed meal 2,370 yuan/ton, and rubber seed cake 2,300 yuan/ton.

It can be seen from Table 7 that when the amount of rubber seed cake added in the sturgeon feed is 8-24%, the feed cost is saved by 0.16-0.78 yuan per kilogram of sturgeon weight gain; but when the added amount of rubber seed cake in the sturgeon feed is 32%, Instead, the feed cost per kilogram of rainbow trout increased by 0.27 yuan. It can be seen that: taking the breeding benefits as a reference basis, the amount of rubber seed cake added to the sturgeon feed is 16-24% is the most appropriate.

Considering comprehensively the effects of the addition of rubber seed cake on the physiological functions and economic benefits of sturgeon breeding under the condition that egg yolk powder is contained in the sturgeon feed, when the addition of rubber seed cake in the sturgeon feed is 16-24%, it is the best formula. Ratio, it will not have adverse effects on the growth performance of rainbow trout, and at the same time, it can maximize the breeding benefits.

my country's natural rubber production areas include Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, mainly concentrated in Hainan, southern Yunnan, and Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula. According to statistics from the Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC), in 2013 China's natural rubber planting area was about 17.1 million mu, including about 7.36 million mu in Hainan, 7.15 million mu in Yunnan, and 680,000 mu in Guangdong. Based on the calculation of 1,000 kilograms of seeds per hectare of rubber forest, 1.14 million tons of seeds can be harvested every year, and 290,000 tons of rubber seed cakes can be produced after shelling and oil pressing.

my country is a country with a shortage of feed protein resources, and there is a gap of more than 30 million tons of protein raw materials every year. The development and efficient utilization of new feed protein sources is one of the key ways to solve the shortage of feed protein resources.

The present invention adds cholesterol-rich egg yolk powder within a reasonable range, and improves the utilization efficiency of the rubber seed cake on the premise of not affecting the various physiological functions of the sturgeon, thereby improving the use of the rubber seed cake as a sturgeon feed The proportion of medium protein raw materials replaces plant protein sources to the greatest extent, thereby saving scarce protein sources such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal. .

The content of the present invention described through the embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention, various transformations and equivalent substitutions can also be made to the patent of the present invention. Therefore, the patent of the present invention is not limited to the disclosed specific implementation process, but should All embodiments falling within the scope of the patent claims of the present invention are included.

Claims (1)

1. A kind of 1. sturgeon mixed feed that rubber seedcake utilization rate is improved using yolk powder, it is characterised in that：The mixed feed Including fish meal, corn protein powder, yolk powder, rubber seedcake, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal, rice bran, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphate, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein The percentage by weight of various raw materials is：Fish meal 12~15%, corn protein powder 4~6%, yolk powder 1~3%, rubber seedcake 16~ 24%th, dregs of beans 17.5~19%, rapeseed dregs 13~14%, Cottonseed Meal 14~15%, rice bran 2.4~5.8%, soya-bean oil 4.9~6%, soybean Lecithin 0.3~0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7~1.5%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05~0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1~ 0.3%th, ethoxyquinoline 0.01~0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5~1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5~1.0%；All originals The percentage by weight sum of material is 100%.