One seed shrimp mixed feed and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed, especially relate to a kind of low fish meal mixed feed that shrimp forms and preparation method thereof that is used for.
Background technology
So far, fish meal still is a most important protein raw materials in the aquatic feeds, but world's fish meal output does not rise appreciably for a long time, and the fast development of culture fishery has promoted the aquatic feeds industry demand powerful to fish meal, forms the situation of the serious undersupply of fish meal.For alleviating the fish meal imbalance between supply and demand, reduce the undue dependence of culture fishery to fish meal, research and development fish meal substitute and preparation technique thereof are the realistic approach of fundamentally alleviating the fish meal undersupply, reducing feed cost.For this reason, each aquaculture big country of the world actively develops the research of fish meal substitute, though obtain some progress, but except a few culture can substitute at high proportion in the feed of kind (mainly being heterophagous cyprinid fish and eel section fish) or alternative fully fish meal, fish meal can only partly substitute in the feed of great majority breed kind, and alternative ratio is lower, and substitution level is very limited.
Shrimp is the large aquaculture kind of China, and shrimp aquaculture output reached 620,000 tons in 2005, and surplus wherein the annual production of white shrimp has reached 40 ten thousand tons is one of China's important export aquatic products.Fish meal ratio in the existing prawn feed prescription is generally more than 20%, rough estimate, the annual consumption fish meal that needs is at least more than 150,000 tons, aquaculture is to the rigid demand of fish meal in addition, fish meal holds at high price, the use of fish meal in feed is than great, and shared feed cost proportion is also bigger.Therefore, research and develop effective fish meal substitute technology, further reducing usage ratio in the prawn feed, reducing the fish meal consumption, improve unconventional protein feed resources utilization is the key technical problem that solves efficient prawn feed, the solution of problem by this, can fundamentally reduce the serious degree of dependence of prawn culturing to fish meal, also help the development and use of feed resource, reduce feed cost, improve the culturing economic benefit.
Publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN1344505 discloses seed shrimp feed and preparation method thereof, form by the granulation of 1 to 500 mixture puffing with common shrimp feed meal by 30 flavor Chinese herbal medicine powder process, its Chinese herbal medicine has enriching yin and nourishing kidney, nourish heart and liver, clearing lung and eliminating phlegm, clearing heat and detoxicating, adjust endocrine function, therefore can effectively treat diseases such as shrimp somatic nerves weak, mad dry (swim daytime), Yellow Cheek disease, black cheek disease, red gastric disease, efficient more than 91%.Can prevent and cure diseases, can promote the shrimp body to increase again, make shrimp grow up fast, the shrimp body is strong, nontoxic no any pollution is a kind of environmental type feed.
Publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN1973659 discloses a kind of prawn feed additive, be composited by 8~12 weight portion Chinese herbal medicine powders and 12~18 weight portion bacillus licheniformis solid materials, wherein compound Chinese herbal medicine powder is pulverized compound the making in back by the Radix Isatidis that waits weight portion, the capsule of weeping forsythia, the Radix Astragali, wrinkled giant hyssop, prairie milk vetch and coptis drying, and the bacillus licheniformis flora is 10 in the bacillus licheniformis complex solid material
9CFU/g.The percentage by weight that adds in prawn feed of this invention compound additive is 0.15%~0.50%, and the particle that particle diameter is 1.5mm is made in granulation behind the mixing.The present invention adds an amount of Chinese herbal medicine and bacillus licheniformis in prawn feed, by their synergy, can obviously improve digestive enzyme activity, promote the growth of prawn and improve the prawn survival rate, have good economic benefit and social benefit, help the sustainable sound development of prawn culturing, meet the development strategy trend of aquatic feeds.
Publication number is the preparation method that the application for a patent for invention of CN101103768 discloses a seed shrimp feed, comprises the steps: 1. raw material to be mixed in proportion and be crushed to 0.05~0.3mm; 2. in crushed material, add 0.1~0.4Mp steam, make that the weight content of moisture reaches 12%~18% in the material; 3. damp and hot material is sent into the particle of making diameter 1.2~1.8mm in the make-up machine; 4. particle is put into sterilizer, through 90~100 ℃ of sterilization 20~50min; 5. the particle after the sterilization is blown to 28~40 ℃ by cold wind, the weight content that makes moisture is 8%~12%; 6. with classifying screen cooled pellet sieve is removed particle and powder; 7. with pellet packing warehouse-in.But utilize this inventive method can effectively improve the resistance to water and the digestibility of feed, remove harmful mushroom and ANFs, both increased efficiency of feed utilization, avoided water pollution again, and then make grow shrimp have good physique, make the shrimp aquaculture industry really become the industry of sustainable development.Low fish-meal prescription and mixed feed thereof yet there are no open report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nutrient balance, high-quality shrimp mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
The raw material of shrimp mixed feed of the present invention is formed and content by mass percentage is fish meal 7%~12%, dregs of beans 15%~25%, corn protein powder 5%~10%, brewer's yeast 2%~5%, chicken meal 5%~15%, meat meal tankage 6%~12%, spray-drying blood meal 2%~6%, squid viscera powder 3%~5%, shrimp chaff powder 4%~8%, soybean lecithin 1%~2%, fish oil 1%~2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%~2%, feedstuff additive premix compound 1%~2%, and surplus is time powder.
The raw material of shrimp mixed feed of the present invention is formed and content by mass percentage is preferably fish meal 8%, dregs of beans 20%, corn protein powder 7.5%, brewer's yeast 2%, chicken meal 9%, meat meal tankage 9%, blood meal 4.5%, squid viscera powder 3%, shrimp chaff powder 5%, soybean lecithin 2%, fish oil 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, feedstuff additive premix compound 1%, inferior powder 26%.
In described shrimp mixed feed, account for 1%~2% by feedstuff additive premix compound and calculate, the raw material of feedstuff additive premix compound is formed and content by mass percentage is:
Prawn multidimensional premix 0.1%~0.15%, prawn composite trace element premix 0.1%~0.2%, taurine 0.1%~0.5%, betaine 0.2%~0.4%, vitamin C (ascorbic acid condensed phosphate) 0.02%~0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.1%~0.3%, surplus is wheat bran.
In described shrimp mixed feed, account for 1% by feedstuff additive premix compound and calculate, the raw material of feedstuff additive premix compound is formed and content by mass percentage is preferably:
Prawn multidimensional premix 0.1%, prawn composite trace element premix 0.2%, taurine 0.1%, betaine 0.2%, vitamin C (ascorbic acid condensed phosphate) 0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.15%, wheat bran 0.2%.
The preparation method of shrimp mixed feed of the present invention is: each raw material through pulverizing, sieving, mix, granulate, can be mixed with the shrimp mixed feed.Described sieving was preferably 60 mesh sieves.
Compare with existing shrimp mixed feed, the present invention has following outstanding advantage and technique effect:
1, animal/vegetable protein raw materials such as the chicken meal selected for use of this shrimp mixed feed, meat meal tankage, squid viscera powder, blood meal, corn protein powder, the source is wide, and output is big, can guarantee stable supply;
2, this shrimp mixed feed has used the amino acid balance principle, with unconventional protein raw materials such as chicken meal, meat meal tankage, squid viscera powder, blood meal, corn protein powders, carry out reasonably combined with fish meal and dregs of beans, can make in the shrimp feed fish meal protein content reduce to below 9% or the fish meal usage ratio is reduced to below 12%, its main nutritive index can satisfy the prawn nutritional need;
3, this shrimp mixed feed can improve the feed palatability by adding compositions such as squid viscera powder, chicken meal, meat meal tankage, taurine, betaine, promotes that shrimp ingests;
4, this shrimp mixed feed crude protein content can reach 40%, and crude fat content can reach 8%, can be used for the shrimp intensive culture;
5, to the higher chicken meal of fat content, meat meal tankage, squid viscera powder, can mix, pulverize, sieve by the prescription requirement with dregs of beans earlier, mix by prescription with other raw materials again, processing is at last granulated.Feed processing technology is simple, operation easily, and general Aquatic Feed Processing enterprise all possesses the condition of processing.
The specific embodiment
Following examples will the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1: the raw material of shrimp mixed feed is formed and content by mass percentage is fish meal 8%; dregs of beans 20%; corn protein powder 7.5%; brewer's yeast 2%; chicken meal 9%; meat meal tankage 9%; blood meal 4.5%; squid viscera powder 3%; shrimp chaff powder 5%; soybean lecithin 2%; fish oil 1%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%; feedstuff additive premix compound 1% (wherein; prawn multidimensional premix 0.1%; prawn composite trace element premix 0.2%; taurine 0.1%; betaine 0.2%; vitamin C 0.05%; Choline Chloride 0.15%; wheat bran 0.2%), inferior powder 26%.During preparation, each raw material through pulverizing, crossing 60 mesh sieves, mixing, granulation, can be mixed with the shrimp mixed feed.
Below provide shrimp mixed feed contrast feeding experiment 1.Utilize above-mentioned feed formula, the low fish meal mixed feed of preparation high protein level carries out white shrimp and forms the feeding effect test.Preparation waits fat (crude protein contents 40% such as nitrogen respectively, crude fat content 8%) control feed and test feed, to taking care of fish meal content is 37%, test material fish meal content is 8%, the fish meal that substitutes in the test material is by corn protein powder, chicken meal, meat meal tankage, the spray-drying blood meal, dregs of beans, the squid viscera powder, brewer's yeast, protein raw materials such as shrimp chaff powder substitute, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and additive premix ratio are with identical to taking care of, regulate fat content with fish oil, remaining with time powder trim, its raw material conventional ingredient and essential amino acids content see Table 1, and compound feed prescription and nutritional labeling see Table 2, table 3.Granulate with granulator by above-mentioned preparation method, the feed particle diameter is 2.5mm.White shrimp (average starting weight 6.7g/ tail just) is selected in test for use, is divided into test group and control group, establishes 3 parallel group for every group.The employing method of being satiated with food is thrown something and fed, and feeds for 6 weeks.Test group and control group white shrimp average weight reach 13.1g/ tail and 14.2g/ tail respectively, rate of body weight gain is respectively 130% and 148%, test group prawn average weight is 92.3% of a control group, reaches substantially and the equal growth result of control group, has reached the listing specification.
Table 1 feedstuff conventional ingredient and essential amino acids content (air bells dry basis, %)
Table 2 prawn is to taking care of and test material formula (air bells dry basis)
Table 3 prawn to take care of with test material essential amino acids content (air bells dry basis, %)
Below provide prawn mixed feed contrast feeding experiment 2.
Utilize above-mentioned feed formula, estimate the feeding effect of the low fish meal mixed feed of high protein level the white shrimp juvenile prawn.Compound feed prescription and nutritional labeling see Table 2, table 3.Granulate with granulator by above-mentioned preparation method, the feed particle diameter is 1.5mm.Test is divided into control group and test group with white shrimp (average weight 0.173g/ tail), every group establish 3 parallel.The employing method of being satiated with food is thrown something and fed, and feeds for 6 weeks.Test group and control group prawn average weight reach 4.83g/ tail and 4.37g/ tail respectively, and rate of body weight gain is respectively 2471% and 2741%, and test group prawn average weight is 90.5% of a control group, reach substantially and the equal growth result of control group.
By existing feedstuff calculation of price, 4389.5 yuan/t of test material cost, to taking care of 5290.3 yuan/t of cost, the low 900 yuan/t of cost is taken care of in the comparison of test material, uses low fish meal mixed feed can save feed cost 20.5%.Calculate with the prawn material Feed Enterprise of producing 10000 tons of scales per year, then save 9,000,000 yuan of feed costs, save fish meal 2900t.If this technology is applied at the prawn fishing breeding pond, produce high-grade shrimp per year and expect that 100,000 tons of meters can save about 100,000,000 yuan of feed costs, reduce fish meal and consume 2.9 ten thousand tons, the fish meal of saving is replaced by unconventional protein raw materials, make full use of feed resource, can drive and invigorate other protein raw materials processing enterprises, can greatly promote feed industrial development, social benefit, economic benefit will be very remarkable, have a extensive future.
Embodiment 2
Similar to Example 1; its difference is that the raw material of shrimp mixed feed is formed and content by mass percentage is fish meal 8%; dregs of beans 25%; corn protein powder 10%; brewer's yeast 3%; chicken meal 15%; meat meal tankage 7%; spray-drying blood meal 3%; squid viscera powder 4%; shrimp chaff powder 4%; soybean lecithin 1.5%; fish oil 1%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%; feedstuff additive premix compound 1% (wherein; prawn multidimensional premix 0.06%; prawn composite trace element premix 0.1%; taurine 0.2%; betaine 0.3%; vitamin C 0.04%; Choline Chloride 0.2%; wheat bran 0.1%), inferior powder 16%.Each raw material after pulverizing during preparation is crossed 60 mesh sieves.
Embodiment 3
Similar to Example 1; its difference is that the raw material of shrimp mixed feed is formed and content by mass percentage is fish meal 10%; dregs of beans 23%; corn protein powder 7%; brewer's yeast 2%; chicken meal 5%; meat meal tankage 6%; spray-drying blood meal 2%; squid viscera powder 3%; shrimp chaff powder 6%; soybean lecithin 1%; fish oil 1.5%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%; feedstuff additive premix compound 1.5% (wherein; prawn multidimensional premix 0.1%; prawn composite trace element premix 0.125%; taurine 0.4%; betaine 0.2%; vitamin C 0.02%; Choline Chloride 0.1%; wheat bran 0.555%), inferior powder 31%.Each raw material after pulverizing during preparation is crossed 60 mesh sieves.
Embodiment 4
Similar to Example 1; its difference is that the raw material of shrimp mixed feed is formed and content by mass percentage is fish meal 7%; dregs of beans 15%; corn protein powder 7%; brewer's yeast 3%; chicken meal 6%; meat meal tankage 7%; spray-drying blood meal 3%; squid viscera powder 3%; shrimp chaff powder 4.5%; soybean lecithin 1.5%; fish oil 2%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%; feedstuff additive premix compound 1.5% (wherein; prawn multidimensional premix 0.12%; prawn composite trace element premix 0.15%; taurine 0.1%; betaine 0.4%; vitamin C 0.05%; Choline Chloride 0.3%; wheat bran 0.38%), inferior powder 37.5%.Each raw material after pulverizing during preparation is crossed 60 mesh sieves.
Embodiment 5
The raw material of shrimp mixed feed of the present invention is formed and content by mass percentage is fish meal 12%; dregs of beans 18%; corn protein powder 5%; brewer's yeast 5%; chicken meal 8%; meat meal tankage 7%; spray-drying blood meal 6%; squid viscera powder 5%; shrimp chaff powder 8%; soybean lecithin 2%; fish oil 1%; calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%; feedstuff additive premix compound 2% (wherein; prawn multidimensional premix 0.15%; prawn composite trace element premix 0.2%; taurine 0.5%; betaine 0.3%; vitamin C 0.08%; Choline Chloride 0.15%; wheat bran 0.62%), inferior powder 19.5%.