CN105309388B - A kind of daphnia heatproof acclimation method and the method for carrying out restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia - Google Patents
A kind of daphnia heatproof acclimation method and the method for carrying out restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method that restoration of the ecosystem is carried out the purpose of the present invention is to propose to daphnia heatproof acclimation method and using daphnia to water body, daphnia heatproof acclimation method of the invention are as follows：A：Daphnia is placed in nutrient solution and cultivated, after the scheduled time, the temperature of nutrient solution is changed into predetermined temperature by same trend；B：Step A is repeated, until the temperature of nutrient solution reaches preset limit temperature, while beneficial microbe is launched, completes the domestication of daphnia.It will launch into the water body rich in noxious material and algae, can repair the underwater ecological balance with purifying water body and reach water ecology self purification according to the daphnia tamed of daphnia acclimation method of the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection, biological technical field, more particularly to a kind of daphnia heatproof acclimation method and utilize daphnia pair
The method that eutrophic water body carries out restoration of the ecosystem.
Background technology
Why algae in water is broken out, and is the various production activities because the mankind, to discharge into water such as river, lakes
The nutriments such as nitrogen, phosphorus, in the case where lake ecological self-purification capacity is destroyed, the nutriment such as nitrogen phosphorus is constantly in water body
A large amount of accumulation, cause unicellular alga, particularly blue-green algae（Mainly microcystic aeruginosa）Overflow, the knot of serious polluted water
Fruit.Cells of Blue-green Algae has very flourishing phycocolloid layer mostly, and outside is surrounded by a thick layer polysaccharose substance, these algaes
Glue and polysaccharose substance can hardly be decomposed by the digestive ferment of any higher mammal.Therefore, the appearance of blue-green algae biology, Ji Hucheng
The cecum of food chain and biological chain.The expert of many environmental protection and biology aspect is administered using higher mammal including fish both at home and abroad
Blue-green algae pollutes, and does not obtain preferable result.
Undoubtedly, chemical herbicide and algae flocculant are added into water can kill precipitation algae quickly, be to solve
The solution of algae pollution most convenient, but on ecology, this is the worst method, because chemicals and their decomposition
Product can finally be accumulated into the human body by biological chain.Importantly, chemical treatment can not eliminate excessive fertilization, this is basic
Problem, once chemicals is decomposed, dilution, the amount reproduction of algae will occur, it is necessary at continual chemistry again
Reason.
When dissolved oxygen is high, phosphate usually crystallizes to form undissolved compound state；And when dissolved oxygen is relatively low, phosphate
It will occur largely to dissolve.Therefore, the method for blowing aeration can reduce phosphatic solubility and to suppress algae significantly numerous
Grow.During biotechnology, water oxygenation is highly beneficial.But a kind of oxygenation can not solve water body original
The problem of nutrient content come is excessive, the long range recycling of nutrition cause algal tufa still inevitable.
Microorganism formulation can improve the microorganism in water body and substrate mud, and carry out organic matter and nutrient
Benign decomposition and mineralising, some nutrients are made to get off with inertia form temporary stabilization, its result is similar to the side of blowing aeration
Method.It is worth noting that, the presence of microorganism is inherently decided by culture environment, and requires the population for having absolute predominance, typically
Microbial treatment can only keep the good working state of 15~30 days, once condition changes（Including weather, substrate, various water quality
State is such as：Dissolved oxygen, acid-base value, temperature）, these microorganism formulations must add constantly, and the outburst otherwise polluted may be more
Add serious.
Algae is nutritious, decomposes rapidly, can be made into good organic fertilizer.But it is too small to salvage mesh needed for algae, contains
Water is again too high, and from the viewpoint of business, the expense of salvaging is higher than the value of organic fertilizer.
It is well known that plant waterborne（Such as water hyacinth, water peanut, water lettuce, in addition to vegetables waterborne, flowers waterborne etc.）'s
The nutrient in water body can be really absorbed, but they block the water surface, cover sunlight, cause part aquatic organism and mud bottom biology, especially
Be the death of submerged plant, then cause a large amount of dissolvings of nutritive salt in mud bottom, they the drawbacks of be far longer than what they brought
Benefit.
Cladocera（Cladocera）Again referred to as " Magna classes ", daphnia, red worm is commonly called as, belongs to invertebrate, Crustachia, the branchiopod
Subclass, branch angle suborder, the main bacterium filtered in drinking water, unicellular alga and protozoan, can be used for the purification of water body.But
It is that the harmful substance such as noxious material and poisonous blue-green algae is rich in the water body in existing field lake, and temperature is higher in summer, not
Daphnia through domestication ingested in the water body higher than 33 degrees Celsius and less than 7 degrees Celsius algae and existence ability be decreased obviously,
It is difficult to survive steadily in the long term, therefore greatly limit application of the daphnia in terms of water ecology reparation.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of daphnia（Cladocera）Heatproof acclimation method and using daphnia to water body carry out
The method of restoration of the ecosystem, this kind of daphnia heatproof acclimation method can make daphnia long-term stable life in the wider water body of temperature range
Deposit, cause the waters of alga eruption so as to which daphnia is applied into restoration of the ecosystem eutrophy.
The daphnia heatproof acclimation method of the present invention comprises the following steps：
A：Daphnia is placed in nutrient solution and cultivated, after the scheduled time, the temperature of nutrient solution is changed by same trend
Predetermined temperature；
B：Step A is repeated, until the temperature of nutrient solution reaches preset limit temperature, completes the domestication of daphnia.
Containing the microorganism with daphnia symbiosis, such as Anaerobic Bacteria in daphnia enteron aisle, the microorganism can degrade Toxic
Matter, it is possible to the ability for strengthening the poison resistance of daphnia and being absorbed to blue-green algae.
Further, daphnia is divided into two groups, predetermined minimum temperature and the predetermined highest temperature is utilized respectively to two groups of daphnias
Degree is tamed, and after the completion of daphnia domestication, then two groups of daphnia is carried out into intersection breeding.The resistance to of daphnia can so be strengthened
High temperatures and lower temperature resistance, while shorten the domestication time of daphnia, it is not necessary to the equal limit of utilization high temperature of every group of daphnia and the limit is low
Temperature is tamed.
Further, being launched in the nutrient solution has specified microorganisms, and the specified microorganisms can be in the daphnia enteron aisle
Interior and daphnia symbiosis.Microorganism, such as Anaerobic Bacteria, can in daphnia enteron aisle with daphnia symbiosis, and the noxious material that can degrade,
So the poison resistance of daphnia can be strengthened.To ensure there are enough beneficial microbes in filial generation daphnia body, it is therefore desirable to constantly
Beneficial microorganism number is to keep its concentration range in nutrient solution in ground supplement nutrient solution.
Further, in the step B, daphnia is pulled out and is placed in auxiliary nutrient solution first and cultivates the scheduled time,
Daphnia is pulled out and is placed into the nutrient solution described in step A again, then repeats step A；The temperature of the auxiliary nutrient solution
Degree is in the range of 8 ~ 25 DEG C.Experiment confirms that the water body in the range of 8 ~ 25 DEG C is best suited for the growth of daphnia, can improve daphnia
Activity, by the of short duration auxiliary nutrient solution being put into the temperature range of daphnia, the survival ability of daphnia can be strengthened, and make water
Magna has the ability to adapt to follow-up alternating temperature domestication process.
Further, in the step B, after the temperature of nutrient solution reaches preset limit temperature, by daphnia in the temperature
Under the conditions of nutrient solution in continue cultivate certain time after, complete the domestication of daphnia.The daphnia that heatproof is tamed can so be made more
Add stably, the survival ability under extreme-temperature environment is stronger.
The method for carrying out restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia proposed by the invention is as follows：Will be according to water of the present invention
The daphnia that Magna heatproof acclimation methods are tamed is put into water body to be repaired, makes its algae that ingests, so as to purifying water body.
Further, in water bottom kind planting submerged plant；The submerged plant is the one or more in following plants：
Water caltrop, eel grass, thorn eel grass, dragon's tongue, p.malaianus, comb tooth bog pondweed, Potamogeton maackianu, plum blossom algae, watermifoil, Yi Le
Algae, hydrilla verticillata, stonewort, small najas marina, najas marina, hornwort.
After Measures of Algae in Water Body reduces disappearance, water transparency increase, sunlight can enter the bottom, promote water body underwater settling water
The growth of vegetation.This method can not only eat algae using the daphnia of domestication, moreover it is possible in absorption and degraded noxious material and phagocytosis water
All suspended materials（Including organic debris, suspension bacterium and silt）, water quality transparency is increased substantially, or even water is shown in clearly
Bottom, sunlight is allowed to inject deep water bottom.In addition, daphnia eats the metabolite after algae, it is submerged plant containing abundant middle carbon
Photosynthetic important carbon source.
Enough sunlight can be obtained after kind of planting submerged plant and fast-growth（Than growing fast 2 ~ 5 times naturally）, so as to a large amount of
Convert eutrophy.Establish " daphnia-submerged forest " symbiosis ecology after, with regard to very easily carry out underwater ornamental plant plantation and
Scape is made, can not only be purified water, prismy beautiful underwater natural landscape can also be built.Successive optimization submerged plant
Different cultivars and cultivated area, form spring, summer, autumn, self ecological alternation of winter, and annual competitive replacement unicellular alga enters water-filling
Lower photosynthesis, discharges substantial amounts of dissolved oxygen, sponges the Eutrophication materials such as nitrogen excessive in water body, phosphorus, forms waters
The preliminary self-cleaning of ecology, and produce the growth that allelopathy suppresses unicellular alga for a long time.
Further, the coverage rate of the submerged plant is 20% ~ 60%.
Further, advanced aquatic animal is launched in water body；The advanced aquatic animal is included in spiral shell, shellfish, fish, shrimp
One or more animals；Daphnia and submerged vegetation can be eaten up by the advanced aquatic animal such as spiral shell, shellfish, fish, shrimps, form benign follow
The ecological chain of ring.
Preferably, the spiral shell is radix auricularia.Radix auricularia scientific name Radix auricularia, it can effectively scrape the heavy water of food
The dust and the organic debris of accumulation that plant leaf adhering on surface, make submerged plant obtain more light and healthy growth.
Further, the throw-in density of the daphnia is 2-100/liter water.The ability of now daphnia phagocytosis algae reaches
Most strong, density is too low or the growth of the too high elimination or daphnia for being unfavorable for algae.
The method for carrying out restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia proposed by the invention uses " daphnia-grass " symbiosis water quality
Cleaning system, improve mud bottom（Mud）Oxidation-reduction potential, promote zoobenthos（Including aquatic oligochaetes, snail, shellfish and
Aquatic insect larva etc.）Mushroom out breeding；So as to be built into " daphnia-grass-spiral shell-shellfish " symbiosis water purification system, effectively
Organic debris and benthic algae caused by submerged plant aging are converted, further helps mud bottom（Mud）Matter and energy it is quick
Transfer, that is, promote the benign transfer of food chain of nutriment in water body；The method for repairing water ecology can purify rapidly seriously
Pollution and chronic pollution and the high waters of temperature, the ecological balance of water body is reached, and will not be secondary to caused by ecology
Pollution and any negative effect.
Embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1：
The daphnia heatproof acclimation method of the present embodiment specifically includes following steps：
A：Some daphnias are gathered in the wild（Cladocera）；
B：Daphnia is placed in the first culture pond and the second culture pond（There is nutrient solution in culture pond）Middle intersection domestication culture, two
The initial temperature of nutrient solution in individual culture pond is 18 DEG C, and the nutrient solution water temperature of the second culture pond keeps constant；
Specifically：
B1：Daphnia is put into the first culture pond first, throw-in density is 200-500/liter water, and domestication culture 8 is small
When；
B2：Daphnia is taken out, is placed in the second culture pond, domestication culture 8 hours；
B3：The culture-liquid temp of first culture pond is improved 1 DEG C, then daphnia is taken out and is thrown in the first culture pond,
Domestication culture 8 hours；
B4：Daphnia is taken out, is placed in the second culture pond, domestication culture 8 hours；
B5：B2~B4 steps are repeated, until the temperature of nutrient solution is increased to predetermined maximum temperature 40 in the first culture pond
℃；
B6：Keep the temperature of nutrient solution in the first culture pond constant at 40 DEG C, daphnia is continued to cultivate, daphnia is bred number
Dai Hou, complete the domestication of daphnia.
Being launched in the nutrient solution has specified microorganisms, and the specified microorganisms can be total in the daphnia enteron aisle with daphnia
It is raw.Microorganism, such as Anaerobic Bacteria, can in daphnia enteron aisle with daphnia symbiosis, and the noxious material that can degrade, it is possible to increase
The poison resistance of strong daphnia.To ensure there are enough beneficial microbes in filial generation daphnia body, it is therefore desirable to constantly supplement culture
Beneficial microorganism number is to keep its concentration range in nutrient solution in liquid.
In the method for repairing water ecology of the present embodiment, daphnia that will be tamed according to above-mentioned daphnia heatproof acclimation method
Put into water body to be repaired, make its algae that ingests, so as to purifying water body.
In the method for repairing water ecology of the present embodiment, water-bed kind planting submerged plant, wherein submerged plant are additionally included in
Including submerged forest species and underwater turf species.
Winter submerged forest dominant species in the submerged plant that the present embodiment uses are water caltrops；In the submerged plant of use
Summer submerged forest dominant species be：Eel grass, thorn eel grass, dragon's tongue, p.malaianus, comb tooth bog pondweed, Potamogeton maackianu,
Plum blossom algae, watermifoil.
Winter turf dominant species in the submerged plant that the present embodiment uses are waterweeds；In the submerged plant of use
Summer turf dominant species are：Hydrilla verticillata, stonewort, small najas marina, najas marina, hornwort.
The winter submerged plant that the present embodiment uses（Submerged forest and underwater turf）Coverage rate be 20%-40%, can root
Appropriate adjustment is done according to pollution of waterhead situation.The summer submerged plant that the present embodiment uses（Submerged forest and underwater turf）Coverage rate
For 40%-60%, appropriate adjustment can be done according to pollution of waterhead situation.
In method for repairing water ecology in the present embodiment, it is additionally included in water body that to be put into spiral shell, shellfish, fish, shrimps contour
At least one of level aquatic animal, wherein used spiral shell is radix auricularia, rational fishing fish, shrimp, spiral shell, shellfish suitable when
Deng aquatic products, the nitrogen in water body, phosphorus nutrition material are shifted disembarkation from water body, the waters food chain ecological balance is formed, reaches
Ecology of water is from net effect.
In method for repairing water ecology in the present embodiment, it is additionally included in water body and is put into predacious fish, can preys on
Spiral shell, shellfish, fish, shrimp etc., form biological chain and maintain the ecological balance.
Daphnia is the primary consumer of lowermost level, and the bottom in food chain, any omnivorousness and carnivorous animal are all
Can based on it bait, therefore, daphnia is easy to be destroyed, in the absence of any bio-safety problem.Controlled using daphnia
Waters blue-green alga pollution is managed, the nutritive salt such as the nitrogen in water, phosphorus are mainly enriched to height by way of biological chain energy transmission
Deng on animal and plant body, then eutrophy is shifted by catching aquatic products and debarked, reached and thoroughly propose that the mesotrophic purpose of water is final
Ecosystem benign cycle and self-cleaning are realized, therefore secondary pollution is not present.
Finally establish the ecological maintenance maintenances such as follow-up ecological balance regulation, the emergent regulation of daphnia control algae, biotic population optimization
Measure, water quality eutrophy is set to decline, be stabilized to surface water Group III or so（The basic water source requirement of Drinking Water）Standard, water
Matter transparency reaches more than 2 meters.
Water ecology repairing effect of the present invention can ensure that The water is no clear that one can see down to the bottom, and the main eutrophy index of water quality can reach
To the national class water standard of surface water three（Drinking water source basic standard）.To algae, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD clearance point ratio
For 99-100%, 90-95%, 80-90%, 75-80%.In addition to the submerged vegetation for accounting for the leading self-purification function of water body is able to recover, may be used also
To recover aquatic ornamental plant water lily, lotus etc..The original part original inhabitants aquatic insect of water body is further recovered, bottom is dwelt compacted
Worm, oligochaetes animal, bottom dwell spiral shell, shellfish and part water body fish.The ecological balance of allround fastness is formed, and is established follow-up raw
State balances maintaining system means and working specification.
Water environment pollution is administered using daphnia, the hardware construction of huge fund is not both needed, is also not required to substantial amounts of electric energy, less
Any chemicals reagent etc. is needed, this method fully relies on food chain relation between biology and biology, forms the ecosystem
Benign cycle, the energy maintain mainly by solar energy and a small amount of electric energy oxygenation.Certain input only is needed when starting early stage, is opened
After dynamic, daily maintenance maintains inexpensive horizontal lower operation.
The content described in each embodiment in this specification is only enumerating to the way of realization of inventive concept, this hair
Bright protection domain is not construed as being only limitted to the concrete form that embodiment is stated, protection scope of the present invention is directed to this
Art personnel according to present inventive concept it is conceivable that equivalent technologies mean.Acclimation method or life according to the present invention
State system repair, simply change the species of domestication target, and within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of daphnia heatproof acclimation method, it is characterised in that daphnia is divided into two groups, two groups of daphnias are utilized respectively predetermined
Minimum temperature and predetermined maximum temperature are tamed, and after the completion of daphnia domestication, then two groups of daphnia are carried out into intersection breeding；
The heatproof domestication of wherein every group daphnia comprises the following steps：
A：Daphnia is placed in nutrient solution and cultivated, after the scheduled time, the temperature of nutrient solution is changed by same trend and made a reservation for
Temperature；
B：Step A is repeated, until the temperature of nutrient solution reaches preset limit temperature, completes the domestication of daphnia；
Being launched in the nutrient solution has a specified microorganisms, the specified microorganisms can in the daphnia enteron aisle with daphnia symbiosis.
2. daphnia heatproof acclimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step B, first drag for daphnia
Go out and be placed in auxiliary nutrient solution to cultivate the scheduled time, then daphnia is pulled out and is placed into the nutrient solution described in step A,
Then step A is repeated；The temperature of the auxiliary nutrient solution is in the range of 8 ~ 25 DEG C.
3. daphnia heatproof acclimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step B, when the temperature of nutrient solution
After degree reaches preset limit temperature, it will continue in nutrient solution of the daphnia under the temperature conditionss after cultivating certain time, complete water
Magna domestication.
A kind of 4. method for carrying out restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Will be according to right
It is required that the daphnia that the 1 daphnia heatproof acclimation method is tamed is put into water body to be repaired, make its algae that ingests, so as to net
Change water body.
5. carry out the method for restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in water bottom
Kind planting submerged plant.
6. carry out the method for restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the heavy water is planted
Thing is the one or more in following plants：Water caltrop, eel grass, thorn eel grass, dragon's tongue, p.malaianus, comb tooth bog pondweed, micro- tooth
Bog pondweed, plum blossom algae, watermifoil, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, stonewort, small najas marina, najas marina, hornwort.
7. according to the method for carrying out restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia of claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that the heavy water
The coverage rate of plant is 20% ~ 60%.
8. carry out the method for restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia according to claim 4, it is characterised in that thrown in water body
Put advanced aquatic animal；The advanced aquatic animal includes one or more animals in spiral shell, shellfish, fish, shrimp, and the spiral shell is ear trailing plants
Foretell spiral shell.
9. carry out the method for restoration of the ecosystem to water body using daphnia according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the daphnia
Throw-in density is 2-100/liter water.
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| CN106035244B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-09-25 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | The enclosure scale breeding method in situ of cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake |
| CN106386706B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-07-16 | 四川农业大学 | Scleroderma sichuanensis Xiao it is a kind of long when domestication by low temperature method |
| CN106376528B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-07-16 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of domestication by low temperature method in short-term of Scleroderma sichuanensis Xiao |
| CN106359206B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-01-31 | 广东中科英海科技有限公司 | Seed conservation culture method for daphnia magna |
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Effective date of registration: 20210818 Address after: 510000 8th floor, Huimei business center, No. 83, Guangzhou Avenue South, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Patentee after: GUANGDONG HUIMEI ECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510530 No. 36, Shangshan 6th Street, Vanke City Garden, North East of Chuang Chuang Avenue, Luogang District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Patentee before: Lan Zhijuan |
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