CN109626766A - A kind of ecology of urban river is regulated and stored the construction method in lake - Google Patents
A kind of ecology of urban river is regulated and stored the construction method in lake Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种城市河流的生态调蓄湖的构建方法，主要用于城市河流的洪水调蓄以及受居民生活污染和农业污染严重的河道水质净化。主要技术手段是通过构建调蓄湖复合水生态系统，共包括各六个分项技术，分别是基底改良、沉水植物群落构建、鱼类群落构建、大型底栖动物群落构建、微生态净化系统构建和系统优化调整。其中沉水植物群落作为初级生产者，为水生态系统构建的核心部分。后期通过对系统的监测和观察，实施优化调整措施，确保调蓄湖生态系统逐渐向稳定自然的状态转换，最终形成稳定的调蓄湖水生态系统，从而长效达到物种群落多样稳定、水体清澈、景观良好的状态。
The invention discloses a method for constructing an ecological regulation and storage lake for urban rivers, which is mainly used for flood regulation and storage of urban rivers and water purification of river courses seriously polluted by residents' lives and agriculture. The main technical means is to build a lake complex water ecosystem, including six sub-technologies, namely substrate improvement, submerged plant community construction, fish community construction, macrobenthic community construction, and micro-ecological purification system. Build and system optimization tweaks. Among them, the submerged plant community, as the primary producer, is the core part of the construction of the aquatic ecosystem. Through the monitoring and observation of the system in the later stage, optimization and adjustment measures are implemented to ensure that the regulation and storage lake ecosystem is gradually transformed into a stable and natural state, and finally a stable regulation and storage lake water ecosystem is formed, so as to achieve long-term diversity and stability of species communities, clear water, and Landscape in good condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to river ecology, environmental project, flood control works and landscape architectures.
Background technique
Lake is that earth's surface relative closure can the natural depression of water storage and its water body of containing.Lake in city, which has, to be adjusted
Runoff, flood control and disaster reduction, adjust city temperature and humidity at the bio-diversity for safeguarding city, supplement urban groundwater, environment purification, subtract
The critical functions such as few noise, beautifying city.
It is often larger that municipal lake moors collective area, and the upper river cross-section of river is smaller, so that river conveyance capacity is tight
Weight is insufficient, and Flood often diffuses out river, and ability of city and near zone preventing and reducing natural disasters greatly weakens.Main use sets at present
The method for setting rainwater storage lake carrys out flood storage peak clipping, improves the energy of the water drainage disaster prevention system carrying heavy rain impact load of urban river
Power.
Urban river upland water is often to a certain extent by resident living pollution and agricultural pollution, so that original nothing
The transparent water chaotic degree of color is got higher, and turbidity is as caused by suspended matter, and it is in water sample that suspended matter, which can not filter residue,
The substance of filter cannot be passed through.In water body, suspended matter not only include the silt poured in rainwater and surface runoff in water body and
Various pollutants further comprise organic granular (planktonic organism) of suspension etc..Organic and inorganic pollutant on suspended matter, makes water
Body pollution aggravates.Suspended matter keeps water body muddy, and transparency reduces, and influences photosynthesis and the respiratory metabolism of aquatile, makes water
Qualitative change is bad, and when temperature increases, water body also will become bluish yellow color, seriously affect water landscape effect.Most cities river
In not long-acting water quality guarantee measures, since diversion water source water quality itself is poor, imperfect in ecosystem of lake regions structure, shortage has
In the case where the control techniques of effect, for all kinds of pollution sources when lake region accumulation reaches a certain concentration, urban river rich nutrition level is not
Disconnected to increase, periphtic algae (moss) and planktonic algae (green alga cyanobacteria etc.) are in lake region mass propagation, rainwash and atmosphere dry and wet
It settles the suspended particle brought into and enters water body, water body is caused to be chronically at cloudy state, if water quality is continuous worsening, meeting when serious
As black and odorous water, resident's health is influenced.
It is net to summarize a large amount of ecological water quality by the repeatedly urban river on-the-spot investigation and field observation to Lake Dongting area by author
Change system research example, proposes that a kind of ecology of urban river is regulated and stored the construction method in lake.The construction method can meet storage simultaneously
The double requirements of big vast peak regulation and purifying water body construct perfect compound aquatic ecosystem in lake lake region of regulating and storing, while can be formed
Submerged forest landscape makes ecology regulate and store lake with leisure ornamental value.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is:
1, the construction method of compound aquatic ecosystem is determined.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
1, substrate improves
The main purpose of substrate improvement is to improve lakebed basic environment condition, is Submerged plant communities and Aquatic Animal Community
Good base condition is created, measure is broadly divided into substrate dissipation engineering, substrate microelement match engineering, substrate BNP (again
Can) bottom changes microbial flora and add.
Substrate dissipation is mainly as follows with targetedly bactericidal agent, main function in lakebed soil application:
1. eliminating the water plant that easily leads to of dormancy in the soil occurs brown spot, leaf rust, stem rust, smut etc.
Bacterial pathogen and mould, to achieve the purpose that improve higher aquatic plants survival rate.
2. killing the algae spores in soil by sterilized pharmaceutics, preventing aquatic ecosystem building initial stage filiform algae and floating
Swim algae reproduction growth.
3. killing disinfect pathogen, prevent from being influenced to generate fin rot, stigmatosis, mould gill disease by germ during fish growth
Deng.
Substrate microelement match is the microelement and multiple nutritional components that rational proportion is added in lakebed soil, can
To promote water plant rapid field planting, flourishing root system and sturdy plant are formed, enhancing plant improves the resistance of environment
Water plant in bed mud, water body to the absorption rate of the nutritive salt based on nitrogen, phosphorus.
It is to add bottom in lakebed soil to change microbial bacteria that substrate bottom, which changes microbial bacteria to add, and main function is in bed mud
Nutritive salt carry out reduction in situ.It is embodied in following three aspects:
1. conditioning soil, activation Soil Microorganism enliven rate, overcome soil hardening, increase soil air permeability；
2. harmful bacteria is inhibited to grow and be converted into beneficial bacterium, beneficial bacterium generates a large amount of metabolism during growth and breeding and produces
Object promotes the decomposition and inversion of organic matter；
3. a variety of nutrition and pungent directly or indirectly can be provided for water plant, promotes and regulation water plant is raw
It is long.
2, Submerged plant communities construct
Submerged plant communities are the main primary producer of Shallow Lake Ecosystems, and make lake from phytoplankton
It is converted to for the muddy water state of advantage using macrophyte as the key of the clear water state of advantage.It is mainly reflected in:
1. submerged plant is bred using nitrogen phosphorus as nutrition, effectively degradation TN, TP；
2. submerged plant blade is in great numbers, adsorption capacity is strong, and adsorbing suspended matter in water reduces SS；
3. submerged plant inhibits the flourish of algae by Species Competition and release allelochemical；
4. submerged plant covers lakebed barrier water/sediment interface exchange, settling flux is reduced, water body release on bed mud is cut down
Nutritive salt；
5. submerged plant is that aufwuch includes that snail etc. provides matrix, sanctuary is provided for zooplankter, to enhance
The ecosystem is to the control of phytoplankton and the self-purification capacity of system.
This project submerged plant kind mainly selects eel grass, dwarf forms eel grass and hydrilla verticillata.Dwarf forms eel grass is by artificial
Seed selection and the improvement eel grass kind cultivated.Compared with common eel grass, there are the spies such as detergent power is strong, cold-resistant, maintenance management facilitates
Point is the common kind of landscape water body restoration of the ecosystem.And eel grass, hydrilla verticillata plant type are relatively high, can arrange in pairs or groups with dwarf forms eel grass,
Form well-bedded submerged forest landscape.Meanwhile eel grass, hydrilla verticillata detergent power are strong, tolerance is strong, can effective purified water
Matter.
3, benthic macroinvertebrate constructs
Zoobenthos can improve food web, balance aquatic ecosystem, the stability for enhancing system.In addition, bottom is dwelt
Object can also remove the epizoite coating on submerged plant surface, promote the growth of water plant.It dwells at the bottom of the invention patent
Object mainly puts the snail of Gastropoda, the bivalves of lamellibranchiata, Crustacea shrimps in a suitable place to breed.Snail is quickly moved forward and backward scraping by radula
Food particle, in the presence of having water plant, the epizoite covering of snail herded food activity and effectively remove plant surface
Layer reduces the illumination limitation of plant and its adverse effects such as competes with the nutritive salt of epiphytic algae, to promote water plant
Growth.Bivalves filter food food, filter food effect can accelerate Nutrient Cycle, promote suspended matter flocculating setting, effectively reduce it is floating
It swims the suspended materials such as algae, improve water transparency, and these features are that submerged vegetation restores and construct a benign ecology
System provides good condition.Shrimps are with the organic debris of the formation such as fallen leaves of ingesting, water plant dead leaf, and also ingest aquatic animal
The formation such as excrement, corpse organic substance, prevent these organic substances from polluting water quality again.
4, Fish Communities construct
It is launched in aquatic ecosystem and fish and regulates and controls feeding habits structure, mainly to improve aquatic ecosystem, building health
Food web frame.It is produced using predacious fish-filter-feeding fish-zooplankter-algae-nutriment food chain relation
Raw Ecology Action has the function that cut down nutriment, purify water.Meanwhile fish cruises in lake, brings for water environment
Vigor is association of activity and inertia, and Ecology landscape effect is improved.The invention patent mainly puts the silver carp of filter-feeding, carnivorous mandarin fish in a suitable place to breed
And black carp.Silver carp belongs to typical filter-feeding fish, is throughout one's life food with planktonic organism.They can filter the algae in drinking water body,
Inhibit algal grown.Mandarin fish and black carp belong to predacious fish, they are located at aquatic ecosystem food chain top, can control water
In the quantity such as small fishes, zoobenthos class, to construct, control phytoplankton ability is strong, food web frame of health.
5, Tiny ecosystem purification system constructs
This project Tiny ecosystem purification system is broadly divided into control algae biology and cultivates engineering and the building of microbial flora purification system.
It is after launching screening cultivation in lake with planktonic algae (cyanobacteria, green alga, Euglena, dinoflagellate etc.) that control algae biology, which is cultivated,
For the cladocera zooplankter of food and copepods zooplankton.Food of herding of algae is acted on using it, can effectively control algae,
Promote water transparency.An important nutrition link in it or natural water area food chain simultaneously, be fish it is important naturally
Bait.
The building of microbial flora purification system is to construct initial stage in Ecology, and water transfer composite microbial bacteria is launched in water system
Group, the harmful substances such as harmful ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, improve water environment, efficient-decomposition in the water that can quickly, thoroughly degrade
Larger molecular organics and small organic molecule and planktonic algae is inhibited in water body to breed in water.
6, optimization adjustment of system measure
It is reseeded by carrying out water plant, the regulation of Pest management, biocoene and Ecosystem Optimization, water surface cleaning dimension
Shield, the contents such as water body emergency processing and optimizes and revises structure of community, makes between each population, and with surrounding enviroment coordinated development,
It organically blends, the stable clear water state ecosystem is formed, to keep water quality limpid for a long time.Meanwhile in optimization adjustment of system process
In, by continuously monitoring the internal and external factor operated normally come the analyzing influence ecosystem to element each in system, optimize water
Raw high vegetation structure, food web frame and Benthic ecology system structure, make overall plans and coordinate each trophic level of the ecosystem, establish water
Layer-bottom dwell balance, scrape food functional group-submerged vegetation balance, benthic fishes-submerged vegetation balance, filter food functional group-swims
Plant balance etc., it is final to establish stable, the long-acting lake clear water state ecosystem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that ecology of the invention is regulated and stored lake schematic diagram.
Description of symbols: 1- submerged plant, 2- fish, 3- zoobenthos, 4- zooplankter, 5- ecology are regulated and stored lake.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Present invention is generally directed to be that the ecology of urban river is regulated and stored the building in lake, mainly include that substrate improvement, heavy water are planted
Object community hight, Fish Communities building, benthic macroinvertebrate building, the building of Tiny ecosystem purification system and system optimization tune
It is whole.Construction method is as follows:
1, substrate improves
Substrate ameliorative measure is broadly divided into substrate dissipation, substrate microelement match, substrate bottom change microbial flora and add.
Specific implementation step is as follows:
(1) lake of regulating and storing thoroughly is leveled.Excessive silt from the bottom of lake is removed, to remove lakebed major part planktonic algae and algae
Spore, while draining lake water, lakebed is manually ploughed shallowly and is tedded, using sunlight and dry environment kill pathogenic bacteria and algae and its
Spore.Quick lime thoroughly clear lake is reused, uses 50-75 kilograms or so of quick lime per acre, it is several small in lakebed hand excavation
Hole, quick lime are put into hole and after water hybrid reaction, and the even water band full lake of slag not to be cooled is uniformly splashed, and are watered it using quick lime
The high pH and heat generated afterwards carries out thorough sterilization.
(2) 10 kilograms of calcium superphosphate or 2 kilograms of three element compound fertilizer are applied in every 667 square metres of lake of regulating and storing (per acre), if waters
Mud is thicker, and water quality fertilizer need not then apply fertilizer and additionally add microelement.
(3) change agent the bottom of as using hay bacillus, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, photosynthetic bacteria to be mixed
Even investment regulates and stores lakebed mud to carry out reduction in situ to the nutritive salt in bed mud.
2, Submerged plant communities construct
Submerged plant communities are the main primary producer of Shallow Lake Ecosystems, and make lake from phytoplankton
It is converted to for the muddy water state of advantage using macrophyte as the key of the clear water state of advantage.Specific implementation step is as follows:
(1) lake of regulating and storing discharges water, and measurement is regulated and stored lake mean depth, selects by artificial selecting and cultivation and the lake water of regulating and storing
Adaptable eel grass deeply, dwarf forms eel grass and hydrilla verticillata.
(2) strip eel grass seed is smashed with hydrilla verticillata, soak one week or so, epidermis is steeped it is rotten, then uniformly splash to
It regulates and stores in lake.
3, benthic macroinvertebrate building engineering, Fish Communities building
Put the snail of Gastropoda, the bivalves and crust of lamellibranchiata in a suitable place to breed in lake of regulating and storing after the completion of Submerged plant communities building
The shrimps of guiding principle, while silver carp, the carnivorous mandarin fish and black carp of filter-feeding are put in a suitable place to breed in lake of regulating and storing.
4, Tiny ecosystem purification system constructs
Tiny ecosystem purification system is broadly divided into control algae biology and cultivates and the building of microbial flora purification system.Specific implementation step
It is rapid as follows:
(1) during benthic fauna and Fish Communities construct, launched in lake of regulating and storing after screening is cultivated with
Planktonic algae (cyanobacteria, green alga, Euglena, dinoflagellate etc.) is branch angle zooplankter and the oar foot zooplankter of food to complete Ecology
The building of system.
(2) Ecology constructs completion initial stage, launches in lake of regulating and storing with bafillus natto bacterium powder, lactic acid bacteria bacterium powder, fourth
The complex microbial community that sour clostridium bacterium powder mixes.
5, optimization adjustment of system measure
Progress water plant is reseeded, Pest management, biocoene and Ecosystem Optimization regulate and control, water surface cleaning,
The action of water body emergency processing to be optimized and revised to structure of community, meanwhile, during optimization adjustment of system, by right
The continuous monitoring of each element carrys out the internal and external factor that the analyzing influence ecosystem operates normally in system, optimizes aquatic high vegetation
Structure, food web frame and Benthic ecology system structure make overall plans and coordinate each trophic level of the ecosystem, establish water layer-bottom dwell it is flat
It weighs, scrape food functional group-submerged vegetation balance, benthic fishes-submerged vegetation balance, filter food functional group-phytoplankton balance,
It is final to establish stable, the long-acting lake clear water state ecosystem.
Certainly, above only the present invention is in the specific application example of urban river, and there are other embodiments of the invention,
All technical solutions formed using equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation, are all fallen within protection scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (7)
- The construction method in lake 1. a kind of ecology of urban river is regulated and stored, it is characterised in that including following technology: substrate improvement, heavy water Phytobiocoenose building, Fish Communities building, benthic macroinvertebrate building, the building of Tiny ecosystem purification system and system optimization tune It is whole.
- The construction method in lake 2. a kind of ecology of urban river according to claim 1 is regulated and stored, it is characterised in that: substrate changes Good technology mainly lakebed soil application ted with quick lime sterilization method, applied for every 667 square metres in lakebed soil 10 kilograms of calcium phosphate or 2 kilograms of three element compound fertilizer.If waters mud is thicker, water quality fertilizer, then need not apply fertilizer with additionally add it is micro- Secondary element changes agent the bottom of as using hay bacillus, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, photosynthetic bacteria in lakebed soil and mixes Conjunction stirs evenly investment and regulates and stores lakebed mud, to carry out reduction in situ to the nutritive salt in bed mud.
- The construction method in lake 3. a kind of ecology of urban river according to claim 1 is regulated and stored, it is characterised in that: the present invention Submerged plant mainly selects eel grass, dwarf forms eel grass and hydrilla verticillata, and short raw eel grass is to regulate and store lake mean depth according to measurement to choose Choosing cultivate, implantation methods be strip eel grass seed is smashed with hydrilla verticillata, immersion one week or so, epidermis is steeped it is rotten, then uniformly It splashes into lake of regulating and storing on ground.
- The construction method in lake 4. a kind of ecology of urban river according to claim 1 is regulated and stored, it is characterised in that: large-scale bottom The animal that dwells mainly puts the bivalves and Crustacea shrimps of the snail of Gastropoda, lamellibranchiata in a suitable place to breed.
- The construction method in lake 5. a kind of ecology of urban river according to claim 1 is regulated and stored, it is characterised in that: fish group Fall silver carp, carnivorous mandarin fish and black carp that a certain number of filter-feedings are mainly put in building in a suitable place to breed.
- The construction method in lake 6. a kind of ecology of city inland river stream according to claim 1 is regulated and stored, it is characterised in that: control algae Biological Cultivating techniques are to launch screening cultivation in lake to float with the branch angle that planktonic algae (cyanobacteria, green alga, Euglena, dinoflagellate etc.) is food Move about object and oar foot zooplankter, using its predation to algae, can effectively control algae density, it is transparent to promote water body Degree, while the important natural bait of it or fish.
- The construction method in lake 7. a kind of ecology of urban river according to claim 1 is regulated and stored, it is characterised in that: Ecology Building initial stage launches mixed with the bacterium powder of bafillus natto bacterium powder, lactic acid bacteria bacterium powder, clostridium butyricum in lake of regulating and storing Complex microbial community made of conjunction quickly, thorough harmful substances such as harmful ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide in degradation water changes It is apt to quality of water environment, larger molecular organics and small organic molecule in efficient-decomposition water inhibit planktonic algae breeding in water body.
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| CN112811607A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-05-18 | 四川瑞泽科技有限责任公司 | Method for constructing lake and reservoir water ecosystem |
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Application publication date: 20190416 |