CN103478053A - Method for efficiently culturing Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune by using nano silicon hydroxyapatite - Google Patents
Method for efficiently culturing Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune by using nano silicon hydroxyapatite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for efficiently culturing Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune by using nano silicon hydroxyapatite, which comprises the following steps: spreading 75kg/mu quicklime water at the bottom of a pond to perform comprehensive disinfection and kill harmful organisms; coating black thick mulching films on the disinfected pond and the periphery thereof; arranging an aerator, and setting the density of released fishes according to the size of the individual, wherein 400-450 fries can be released in every square meter for fries having a body length of 1.2-2.5 centimeters, and 300-350 young sepia can be released in every square meter for young sepia having a body length of 3.0-5.5 centimeters; and feeding with fresh and live opossum shrimps, white shrimps and small Liza carinatus, wherein in the early stage, the live opossum shrimps is fed mainly to the extent that the sepia are full without too much residual bait, and in the middle and later stages, the live white shrimps and small Liza carinatus are fed mainly, and the live opossum shrimps are fed complementarily.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, especially a kind of method of utilizing the nano-silicon hydroxy-apatite efficiently to cultivate the stone Sepiella maindroni.
Background technology
Sepiella maindroni (Sepiella maindroni d eRochebrune) is commonly called as inkfish, belongs to Mollusca, Cephalopoda, ten wrists
Order, cuttlefish superfamily, Sepiidae, sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune belong to cuttlefish and are distributed in coastal area of southeastern China, and Russia, Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia are coastal, and the sea area, Zhoushan is most important area.Cuttlefish meat flavour deliciousness, unique flavor, be of high nutritive value, and deeply is subject to liking of the consumer group, and dry product claims " snout moth's larva dried meat dried fish ", one band and China coast various places, product situation of selling well Southeast Asia.Because cuttlefish output is few in recent years, market sale mainly be take squid as main.The cuttlefish whole body is precious, and cuttle bone is traditional Chinese medicine sea fish glue octopus, and its visceral meal is the good bait of animal feed, is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, lipovitamin and UGF, is good feed addictive.
Cuttlefish was once one of China's " four large marine products ", and Zhejiang Province's fishery in history fishes for peak annual output 60000 t, accounts for 9.3% of the whole province's marine capture production.Since the 70's ends of 20th century, during due to spring, summer floods, " cuttlefish of approaching " that multiple fishing gear is surrounded and seize in a large number and do not laid eggs, when autumn, winter fishing season, the multiple fishing gear that comprises fishing vessel trawlnet, Swing net is fished for young cuttlefish and the cuttlefish that survives the winter in a large number, cause cuttlefish vegetative form and supplement type Population excessively to reduce, destroyed the ecological balance of fishery resources, cause Zhoushan Fishing Ground cuttlefish resource to be close to exhaustion.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of method of utilizing the nano-silicon hydroxy-apatite efficiently to cultivate the stone Sepiella maindroni.
Build in pond: pond is shaped as rectangle, East and West direction, aspect ratio 2:1, the pasture and water cultivated area is 60%, be positioned in the middle of pond, the pond surrounding is excavated the storage pond, holding pond of the wide ring ditch of 70～80 ㎝ as river crab, pond is totally smooth, the high 2m in the ridge, pond, 1:3 is compared on slope, face width 1.5～2m, the cultivation depth of water 1～1.5m, culvert system goes out for entering west in the east, after smooth, smooth at the bottom of pond, be certain slope toward the gate mouth, assurance cultivation excreta and refuse can be discharged fully, the gate mouth is inboard constructs the arc net in case cuttlefish escapes and harmful organisms enters with 8 mesh sieve thin,tough silk.The 75000 g/acres of lime waters of splashing at the bottom of pond carry out pasteurised completely, and kill harmful organisms, all spread black heavy back film after sterilization around pond and pond.Be equipped with an aerator, lay tracheae and gas stone in pond and carry out suitable oxygenation, it is 0.1/meter 2 that gas stone lays density, pond requires the sandy end, and mud 15cm left and right, more than depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water quality is good, without sewage, flows into, and the daily cultivation depth of water can keep 2.5～3.0 meters, salinity 26～31, dissolved oxygen >=6 mg/litre, 18.1～27.6 ℃ of water temperatures, pH value 7.6～8.5;
Essence ovum hatching: in hatching process, cultivate the pond quantity of exchanged water early stage is 1 full dose every day, but must inhale the end every day with the pollutant of draining, and remove at any time rotten branch and etting, water temperature should keep adapting with the water temperature (18 ℃-19 ℃) in natural waters Huo Luan district as far as possible, rising along with natural temperature, but water temperature is rising also, but rise speed is unsuitable too fast, in general 2 days, the water temperature rise can not be over going 1 ℃, if water temperature rise excessive velocities, can regulate and be controlled by underground sea water, carrying out constant temperature when water temperature is gone up to 23 ℃ cultivates, fertilized egg was cultivated and can be hatched successively little cuttlefish through 10-20 days, it can be collected in net cage and concentrate and cultivate, strengthen quantity of exchanged water simultaneously, change a water 2-3 full dose general every day, in the incubating oosperm process, should take the shading measure, avoid direct sunlight, the luminous intensity general control is that 500lx-1000Lx is advisable.1-2 days after little hatching cuttlefish, start to ingest on a small quantity, the little halogen worm that now optimal open-mouthed bait is artificial incubation.Artificial incubation halogen worm can carry out by stages, along with the growth of little cuttlefish increases the specification of feeding volume and halogen worm gradually.Hatch after 10 days, remove gradually the shading measure, food organisms can be the sufficient class of scratching in the young shrimp of the artificial culture of throwing something and feeding or nature seawater, the natural halogen worm that also can throw something and feed and catch from halogen storehouse, saltern when unconditional, and at one jiao that cultivates pond, 6 0-80 order small-sized net cages are set and hold the halogen worm, both kept the halogen worm fresh and alive, the requirement that meets and conveniently throw something and feed again.Little cuttlefish was concentrated and cultivates through 30-45 days, can throw the another pond of people and be formed.
Short-distance transport can adopt band water oxygenation bucket fortune, and density is controlled at 2500～3000 tails/rice 3, during transportation, can add a cover sunshade net above bucket, avoids concuss, and in transit, temperature can not be over 30 ℃ or lower than 14 ℃.The middle-long distance transportation can adopt the Nylon Bag oxygen charging method, the Nylon Bag that specification is 70 centimetres of 40 cm x can be put 30～50/bag, the seed of long 1.2～1.5 centimetres of trunk, during transportation again in the one black nylon bag shading of transparent nylon bag overcoat, in way, temperature keeps constant, scope can be at 14～30 ℃, the most handy thermal car transportation, 12 hours survival rates of this method transportation are 100%.Packing and transportation will be handled with care, reduce the stimulation to seed as far as possible.Also can adopt the perforated ship transportation, during transportation, sunshade net will be added a cover in top, running water storehouse, and in operating process, action wants light, fast.Transportation is preferably arranged in to be carried out to morning at dusk.If haulage time surpasses 6 hours, can or suitably throw a little bait on the way in bag, in order to avoid cut one another's throat.
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: breeding density is depending on the seed Individual Size, and the seed that trunk length is 1.2～2.5 centimetres, can put 400～450 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre; The young cuttlefish that trunk is long 3.0～5.5 centimetres, can put 300～350 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre; The cuttlefish that trunk is long 6.0～8.5 centimetres, 100～150 every square metre; Trunk is grown up in the cuttlefish of 9.0 centimetres, 50～100 every square metre; Trunk is long surpass 2 centimetres after, easily produce big or small cuttlefish cannibalisation phenomenon when bait lacks, so, except feeding every day sufficient bait, breed in grades cultivates survival rate with raising in time;
1) feed preparation: its raw material comprises the composition of following weight ratio: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-4 part, ferment bacterium 1-4 part, solid photosynthetic bacteria 0.5-0.9 part, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio 0.8-1.2 part, vitamin additive 0.2-0.6 part, mineral matter additive 10-16 part, chelating agent 0.2-0.4 part, weter hyacinth 60-80 part, edible fungi residue 50-80 part, vinasse 100-110 part, fishbone dust 40-60 part, rice bran 70-80 part, brown sugar 10-16 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, lupulus 0.5-1.0 part, South America wedelia chinensis 1.0-2.0 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part,
The preparation method of described nano controlled-release carrier is:
(1) silicon hydroxyapatite, concave convex rod, hydrotalcite, imvite, titanium dioxide, calcite, kaolin are mixed according to the mass fraction proportioning of 35-45:10-15: 10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7, join in the mixed solution of 230 parts of methyl-sulfoxides (DMSO) and 50 parts of methyl alcohol, in 65 ℃, stir 60 hours, filter, and wash and remove excessive methyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 times with the hot ethanol of 60 ℃ of temperature, put into vacuum drying chamber, dry 24 hours of 60 ℃ of temperature, grinding is sieved, and obtains modified composite one time;
(2) 1 part of modified composite, 15 parts of potassium acetates and 25 parts of distilled water are mixed, in temperature 50 C, stir more than 10 hours, in 30 ℃ of temperature, first under ultrasonic electric power 350W condition, disperse 3.5 hours, and then disperse 4 hours under ultrasonic electric power 250W condition.Filter, and wash 3 times with distillation, 80 ℃ of vacuum drying 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains twice-modified compound; (3) above-mentioned 1 part of twice-modified compound is disperseed to 60min at the 600W power ultrasonic, with constant temperature heating device, be heated to 90 ℃, and stir (1200r/min) 60 minutes with mechanical agitator; Obtain the nano controlled-release carrier complexes; The preparation of this feed comprises the following steps: at first dry weter hyacinth, edible fungi residue, vinasse to water content in the sun below 40% (1), then according to described ratio, adds fishbone dust, rice bran, brown sugar, fully stirs, and mixes; (2) add bacillus subtilis bacteria powder and the ferment bacterium of having dissolved according to described ratio in said mixture, then above-mentioned substance is inserted to mixing corruption in pond and macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carry out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days; Then plastic film is thrown off, and stirred, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 45 ℃, keep continuing turning after 2-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 45 ℃, the retention time is 3-5 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, keep 7-10 days, until slaking is fully fermented complete; (3) solid photosynthetic bacteria, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio are dissolved in water, join in said mixture, stir; (4) by above-mentioned fermentation product, air dry in the sun, make moisture content of material be less than 25%, add Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, lupulus 0.5-1.0 part, South America wedelia chinensis 1.0-2.0 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part then to pulverize, pulverize fineness for passing through without screen pulverizer, add mineral matter additive, chelating agent and vitamin additive after pulverizing in material, mix and obtain microbial fish guano;
Described vitamin additive component recipe ratio is: vitamin A, C, E mix with the weight ratio of 2:3:5.Described mineral matter additive is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15%, ferrous sulfate 2-5%, zinc sulphate 1-2%, manganese sulphate 0.8-1%, borax 0.3-0.5%, cobalt sulphate 0.03-0.06%, rare earth 0.2-0.6%, and all the other add salt to 100%.To be sodium humate and EDTA mix with the weight ratio of 1:1-2 described chelating agent;
2) the daily aquaculture management of bait feeding: during cultivation, need throw every day and raise 4 times, throw the amount of raising and calculate by body weight 25%-50%, it is degree that the throwing of take is raised without striving the food phenomenon, depending on weather condition, lives and grasps.Throw feeding method for slowly jettisoninging, the 4th front throwing is between the lights raised, and every 10-15d can carry out the mensuration of the indexs such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, transparency, its normal range (NR): dissolved oxygen >=3.5mg/L; PH, 7.5-8.8; Ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L; Nitrous acid nitrogen≤0.2mg/L; Hydrogen sulphide≤0.1mg/L; Transparency, 20-40cm;
Water quality management time sight every day water temperature, salinity, water level, dissolved oxygen, acid-base value, water colour and transparency change, carry out into draining and oxygenation work, creates the water quality environment of suitable cuttlefish growth.Put the initial stage in a suitable place to breed, daily ration, feeding quantity is few, and water quality is more stable, and day is changed water 20% left and right; Middle and later periods, along with the rising of water temperature and increasing of daily ration, feeding quantity, strengthen gradually quantity of exchanged water, day is changed water 30%～50%; Later stage, excreta was more because daily ration, feeding quantity is larger, had further strengthened quantity of exchanged water, and day changes water and reaches 100%, and water transparence is controlled at 40～60 centimetres, and it is yellowish green, yellowish, light green as main that water colour be take;
During results, Jiang Chishui drains into 0.3～0.4 meter of the depth of water, by soft diddle-net, cuttlefish carefully is transferred in the band water receptacle and gets final product.The live transport Sepiella maindroni can adopt black Nylon Bag oxygenation or band water oxygenation bucket fortune, and the transportation finished product density can be according to decisions such as cuttlefish size, transportation range, temperature, adopts and catches when transporting, and action is wanted gently, avoid high light, prevents cuttlefish ink-jet death.Adopt method of the present invention to carry out scientific, the raising that becomes more meticulous, in the short time, effect of increasing production is obvious, the life rate is high, be applicable to industrialization develops on a large scale.The nano controlled-release additive has good biocompatibility, gastrointestinal tract mucous compatibility, each component that makes it load has controlled-release function, through twice-modified nano-complex medicine carrying amount and adsorbing capacity, all improve a lot, the fertilizer efficiency time lengthening is more than 3 months, effectively suppress the increment of animal pathogen, improve the producer's benefit.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Build in pond: pond is shaped as rectangle, East and West direction, aspect ratio 2:1, the pasture and water cultivated area is 60%, be positioned in the middle of pond, the pond surrounding is excavated the storage pond, holding pond of the wide ring ditch of 70～80 ㎝ as river crab, pond is totally smooth, the high 2m in the ridge, pond, 1:3 is compared on slope, face width 1.5～2m, the cultivation depth of water 1～1.5m, culvert system goes out for entering west in the east, after smooth, smooth at the bottom of pond, be certain slope toward the gate mouth, assurance cultivation excreta and refuse can be discharged fully, the gate mouth is inboard constructs the arc net in case cuttlefish escapes and harmful organisms enters with 8 mesh sieve thin,tough silk.The 75000 g/acres of lime waters of splashing at the bottom of pond carry out pasteurised completely, and kill harmful organisms, all spread black heavy back film after sterilization around pond and pond.Be equipped with an aerator, lay tracheae and gas stone in pond and carry out suitable oxygenation, it is 0.1/meter 2 that gas stone lays density, pond requires the sandy end, and mud 15cm left and right, more than depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water quality is good, without sewage, flows into, and the daily cultivation depth of water can keep 2.5～3.0 meters, salinity 26～31, dissolved oxygen >=6 mg/litre, 18.1～27.6 ℃ of water temperatures, pH value 7.6～8.5;
Essence ovum hatching: in hatching process, cultivate the pond quantity of exchanged water early stage is 1 full dose every day, but must inhale the end every day with the pollutant of draining, and remove at any time rotten branch and etting, water temperature should keep adapting with the water temperature (18 ℃-19 ℃) in natural waters Huo Luan district as far as possible, rising along with natural temperature, but water temperature is rising also, but rise speed is unsuitable too fast, in general 2 days, the water temperature rise can not be over going 1 ℃, if water temperature rise excessive velocities, can regulate and be controlled by underground sea water, carrying out constant temperature when water temperature is gone up to 23 ℃ cultivates, fertilized egg was cultivated and can be hatched successively little cuttlefish through 10-20 days, it can be collected in net cage and concentrate and cultivate, strengthen quantity of exchanged water simultaneously, change a water 2-3 full dose general every day, in the incubating oosperm process, should take the shading measure, avoid direct sunlight, the luminous intensity general control is that 500lx-1000Lx is advisable.1-2 days after little hatching cuttlefish, start to ingest on a small quantity, the little halogen worm that now optimal open-mouthed bait is artificial incubation.Artificial incubation halogen worm can carry out by stages, along with the growth of little cuttlefish increases the specification of feeding volume and halogen worm gradually.Hatch after 10 days, remove gradually the shading measure, food organisms can be the sufficient class of scratching in the young shrimp of the artificial culture of throwing something and feeding or nature seawater, the natural halogen worm that also can throw something and feed and catch from halogen storehouse, saltern when unconditional, and at one jiao that cultivates pond, 6 0-80 order small-sized net cages are set and hold the halogen worm, both kept the halogen worm fresh and alive, the requirement that meets and conveniently throw something and feed again.Little cuttlefish was concentrated and cultivates through 30-45 days, can throw the another pond of people and be formed.
Short-distance transport can adopt band water oxygenation bucket fortune, and density is controlled at 2500～3000 tails/rice 3, during transportation, can add a cover sunshade net above bucket, avoids concuss, and in transit, temperature can not be over 30 ℃ or lower than 14 ℃.The middle-long distance transportation can adopt the Nylon Bag oxygen charging method, the Nylon Bag that specification is 70 centimetres of 40 cm x can be put 30～50/bag, the seed of long 1.2～1.5 centimetres of trunk, during transportation again in the one black nylon bag shading of transparent nylon bag overcoat, in way, temperature keeps constant, scope can be at 14～30 ℃, the most handy thermal car transportation, 12 hours survival rates of this method transportation are 100%.Packing and transportation will be handled with care, reduce the stimulation to seed as far as possible.Also can adopt the perforated ship transportation, during transportation, sunshade net will be added a cover in top, running water storehouse, and in operating process, action wants light, fast.Transportation is preferably arranged in to be carried out to morning at dusk.If haulage time surpasses 6 hours, can or suitably throw a little bait on the way in bag, in order to avoid cut one another's throat.
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: breeding density is depending on the seed Individual Size, and the seed that trunk length is 1.2～2.5 centimetres, can put 400～450 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre; The young cuttlefish that trunk is long 3.0～5.5 centimetres, can put 300～350 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre; The cuttlefish that trunk is long 6.0～8.5 centimetres, 100～150 every square metre; Trunk is grown up in the cuttlefish of 9.0 centimetres, 50～100 every square metre; Trunk is long surpass 2 centimetres after, easily produce big or small cuttlefish cannibalisation phenomenon when bait lacks, so, except feeding every day sufficient bait, breed in grades cultivates survival rate with raising in time;
3) feed preparation: its raw material comprises the composition of following weight ratio: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-4 part, ferment bacterium 1-4 part, solid photosynthetic bacteria 0.5-0.9 part, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio 0.8-1.2 part, vitamin additive 0.2-0.6 part, mineral matter additive 10-16 part, chelating agent 0.2-0.4 part, weter hyacinth 60-80 part, edible fungi residue 50-80 part, vinasse 100-110 part, fishbone dust 40-60 part, rice bran 70-80 part, brown sugar 10-16 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, lupulus 0.5-1.0 part, South America wedelia chinensis 1.0-2.0 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part,
The preparation method of described nano controlled-release carrier is:
(1) silicon hydroxyapatite, concave convex rod, hydrotalcite, imvite, titanium dioxide, calcite, kaolin are mixed according to the mass fraction proportioning of 35-45:10-15: 10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7, join in the mixed solution of 230 parts of methyl-sulfoxides (DMSO) and 50 parts of methyl alcohol, in 65 ℃, stir 60 hours, filter, and wash and remove excessive methyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 times with the hot ethanol of 60 ℃ of temperature, put into vacuum drying chamber, dry 24 hours of 60 ℃ of temperature, grinding is sieved, and obtains modified composite one time;
(2) 1 part of modified composite, 15 parts of potassium acetates and 25 parts of distilled water are mixed, in temperature 50 C, stir more than 10 hours, in 30 ℃ of temperature, first under ultrasonic electric power 350W condition, disperse 3.5 hours, and then disperse 4 hours under ultrasonic electric power 250W condition.Filter, and wash 3 times with distillation, 80 ℃ of vacuum drying 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains twice-modified compound; (3) above-mentioned 1 part of twice-modified compound is disperseed to 60min at the 600W power ultrasonic, with constant temperature heating device, be heated to 90 ℃, and stir (1200r/min) 60 minutes with mechanical agitator; Obtain the nano controlled-release carrier complexes; The preparation of this feed comprises the following steps: at first dry weter hyacinth, edible fungi residue, vinasse to water content in the sun below 40% (1), then according to described ratio, adds fishbone dust, rice bran, brown sugar, fully stirs, and mixes; (2) add bacillus subtilis bacteria powder and the ferment bacterium of having dissolved according to described ratio in said mixture, then above-mentioned substance is inserted to mixing corruption in pond and macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carry out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days; Then plastic film is thrown off, and stirred, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 45 ℃, keep continuing turning after 2-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 45 ℃, the retention time is 3-5 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, keep 7-10 days, until slaking is fully fermented complete; (3) solid photosynthetic bacteria, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio are dissolved in water, join in said mixture, stir; (4) by above-mentioned fermentation product, air dry in the sun, make moisture content of material be less than 25%, add Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, lupulus 0.5-1.0 part, South America wedelia chinensis 1.0-2.0 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part then to pulverize, pulverize fineness for passing through without screen pulverizer, add mineral matter additive, chelating agent and vitamin additive after pulverizing in material, mix and obtain microbial fish guano;
Described vitamin additive component recipe ratio is: vitamin A, C, E mix with the weight ratio of 2:3:5.Described mineral matter additive is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15%, ferrous sulfate 2-5%, zinc sulphate 1-2%, manganese sulphate 0.8-1%, borax 0.3-0.5%, cobalt sulphate 0.03-0.06%, rare earth 0.2-0.6%, and all the other add salt to 100%.To be sodium humate and EDTA mix with the weight ratio of 1:1-2 described chelating agent;
4) the daily aquaculture management of bait feeding: during cultivation, need throw every day and raise 4 times, throw the amount of raising and calculate by body weight 25%-50%, it is degree that the throwing of take is raised without striving the food phenomenon, depending on weather condition, lives and grasps.Throw feeding method for slowly jettisoninging, the 4th front throwing is between the lights raised, and every 10-15d can carry out the mensuration of the indexs such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, transparency, its normal range (NR): dissolved oxygen >=3.5mg/L; PH, 7.5-8.8; Ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L; Nitrous acid nitrogen≤0.2mg/L; Hydrogen sulphide≤0.1mg/L; Transparency, 20-40cm;
Water quality management time sight every day water temperature, salinity, water level, dissolved oxygen, acid-base value, water colour and transparency change, carry out into draining and oxygenation work, creates the water quality environment of suitable cuttlefish growth.Put the initial stage in a suitable place to breed, daily ration, feeding quantity is few, and water quality is more stable, and day is changed water 20% left and right; Middle and later periods, along with the rising of water temperature and increasing of daily ration, feeding quantity, strengthen gradually quantity of exchanged water, day is changed water 30%～50%; Later stage, excreta was more because daily ration, feeding quantity is larger, had further strengthened quantity of exchanged water, and day changes water and reaches 100%, and water transparence is controlled at 40～60 centimetres, and it is yellowish green, yellowish, light green as main that water colour be take;
During results, Jiang Chishui drains into 0.3～0.4 meter of the depth of water, by soft diddle-net, cuttlefish carefully is transferred in the band water receptacle and gets final product.The live transport Sepiella maindroni can adopt black Nylon Bag oxygenation or band water oxygenation bucket fortune, and the transportation finished product density can be according to decisions such as cuttlefish size, transportation range, temperature, adopts and catches when transporting, and action is wanted gently, avoid high light, prevents cuttlefish ink-jet death.The nano controlled-release additive has good biocompatibility, gastrointestinal tract mucous compatibility, each component that makes it load has controlled-release function, through twice-modified nano-complex medicine carrying amount and adsorbing capacity, all improve a lot, the fertilizer efficiency time lengthening is more than 3 months, effectively suppress the increment of animal pathogen, improve the producer's benefit.
Performance analysis: the 30000 tail Sepiella maindronis of putting in a suitable place to breed in 2009, through the cultivation of 2 months, are received 1170 kilograms of cuttlefishes, and average weight reaches 65 grams, and survival rate reaches 60%; Spend 4375 kilograms of bait, 2.2 yuan/kilogram of bait prices, the bait cost is 9625 yuan; The seed price is 1.5 yuan/tail, and the seed cost is 45000 yuan; With every kilogram of more than 80 yuan of calculating of market sale cuttlefish, 101400 yuan of the output values, remove the costs such as labour cost, can get a net gain 41800 yuan.Input-output ratio is 1: 1.70.
The 35200 tail Sepiella maindronis of putting in a suitable place to breed in 2010, through the cultivation of 50 days, are received 1436 kilograms of cuttlefishes, and average weight reaches 60 grams, and survival rate reaches 68%; Spend 3000 kilograms of bait, 3 yuan/kilogram of bait prices, the bait cost is 9000 yuan; The seed price is 1.5 yuan/tail, and the seed cost is 52800 yuan; With 90 yuan of/kilogram calculating of market sale cuttlefish, 129240 yuan of the output values, remove the costs such as labour cost, can get a net gain 520,000,000 yuan.Input-output ratio is 1: 1.67.
Claims (1)
1. a method of utilizing the nano-silicon hydroxy-apatite efficiently to cultivate the stone Sepiella maindroni comprises the following steps:
Build in pond: pond is shaped as rectangle, East and West direction, aspect ratio 2:1, the pasture and water cultivated area is 60%, be positioned in the middle of pond, the pond surrounding is excavated the wide ring ditch of 70～80 ㎝ as storage pond, holding pond, pond is totally smooth, the high 2m in the ridge, pond, 1:3 is compared on slope, face width 1.5～2m, the cultivation depth of water 1～1.5m, culvert system goes out for entering west in the east, after smooth, smooth at the bottom of pond, be certain slope toward the gate mouth, assurance cultivation excreta and refuse can be discharged fully, the gate mouth is inboard constructs the arc net in case cuttlefish escapes and harmful organisms enters with 8 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, the 75000 g/acres of lime waters of splashing at the bottom of pond carry out pasteurised completely, and kill harmful organisms, all spread black heavy back film after sterilization around pond and pond, be equipped with an aerator, in pond, laying tracheae and gas stone carry out suitable oxygenation, it is 0.1/meter that gas stone lays density
2, pond requires the sandy end, and mud 15cm left and right, more than depth of water 1.5m, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water quality is good, without sewage, flow into, and the daily cultivation depth of water can keep 2.5～3.0 meters, salinity 26～31, dissolved oxygen>=6 mg/litre, 18.1～27.6 ℃ of water temperatures, pH value 7.6～8.5,
Essence ovum hatching: in hatching process, cultivate the pond quantity of exchanged water early stage is 1 full dose every day, but must inhale the end every day with the pollutant of draining, and remove at any time rotten branch and etting, water temperature should keep adapting with the water temperature (18 ℃-19 ℃) in natural waters Huo Luan district as far as possible, rising along with natural temperature, but water temperature is rising also, but rise speed is unsuitable too fast, in general 2 days, the water temperature rise can not be over going 1 ℃, if water temperature rise excessive velocities, can regulate and be controlled by underground sea water, carrying out constant temperature when water temperature is gone up to 23 ℃ cultivates, fertilized egg was cultivated and can be hatched successively little cuttlefish through 10-20 days, it can be collected in net cage and concentrate and cultivate, strengthen quantity of exchanged water simultaneously, change a water 2-3 full dose general every day,
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: breeding density is depending on the seed Individual Size, and the seed that trunk length is 1.2～2.5 centimetres, can put 400～450 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre; The young cuttlefish that trunk is long 3.0～5.5 centimetres, can put 300～350 in a suitable place to breed for every square metre; The cuttlefish that trunk is long 6.0～8.5 centimetres, 100～150 every square metre; Trunk is grown up in the cuttlefish of 9.0 centimetres, 50～100 every square metre; Trunk is long surpass 2 centimetres after, easily produce big or small cuttlefish cannibalisation phenomenon when bait lacks, so, except feeding every day sufficient bait, breed in grades cultivates survival rate with raising in time;
The feed preparation: its raw material comprises the composition of following weight ratio: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-4 part, ferment bacterium 1-4 part, solid photosynthetic bacteria 0.5-0.9 part, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio 0.8-1.2 part, vitamin additive 0.2-0.6 part, mineral matter additive 10-16 part, chelating agent 0.2-0.4 part, weter hyacinth 60-80 part, edible fungi residue 50-80 part, vinasse 100-110 part, fishbone dust 40-60 part, rice bran 70-80 part, brown sugar 10-16 part, Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, lupulus 0.5-1.0 part, South America wedelia chinensis 1.0-2.0 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part,
The preparation method of described nano controlled-release carrier is:
(1) silicon hydroxyapatite, concave convex rod, hydrotalcite, imvite, titanium dioxide, calcite, kaolin are mixed according to the mass fraction proportioning of 35-45:10-15: 10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7, join in the mixed solution of 230 parts of methyl-sulfoxides (DMSO) and 50 parts of methyl alcohol, in 65 ℃, stir 60 hours, filter, and wash and remove excessive methyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 times with the hot ethanol of 60 ℃ of temperature, put into vacuum drying chamber, dry 24 hours of 60 ℃ of temperature, grinding is sieved, and obtains modified composite one time;
(2) 1 part of modified composite, 15 parts of potassium acetates and 25 parts of distilled water are mixed, in temperature 50 C, stir more than 10 hours, in 30 ℃ of temperature, first under ultrasonic electric power 350W condition, disperse 3.5 hours, and then disperse 4 hours under ultrasonic electric power 250W condition, filter, and wash 3 times with distillation, 80 ℃ of vacuum drying 24 hours, grinding is sieved, and obtains twice-modified compound; (3) above-mentioned 1 part of twice-modified compound is disperseed to 60min at the 600W power ultrasonic, with constant temperature heating device, be heated to 90 ℃, and stir (1200r/min) 60 minutes with mechanical agitator; Obtain the nano controlled-release carrier complexes; The preparation of this feed comprises the following steps: at first dry weter hyacinth, edible fungi residue, vinasse to water content in the sun below 40% (1), then according to described ratio, adds fishbone dust, rice bran, brown sugar, fully stirs, and mixes; (2) add bacillus subtilis bacteria powder and the ferment bacterium of having dissolved according to described ratio in said mixture, then above-mentioned substance is inserted to mixing corruption in pond and macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carry out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days; Then plastic film is thrown off, and stirred, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 45 ℃, keep continuing turning after 2-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 45 ℃, the retention time is 3-5 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, keep 7-10 days, until slaking is fully fermented complete; (3) solid photosynthetic bacteria, bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio are dissolved in water, join in said mixture, stir; (4) by above-mentioned fermentation product, air dry in the sun, make moisture content of material be less than 25%, add Chinese Stellera Root 1-1.5 part, lupulus 0.5-1.0 part, South America wedelia chinensis 1.0-2.0 part, nano controlled-release carrier 20-25 part then to pulverize, pulverize fineness for passing through without screen pulverizer, add mineral matter additive, chelating agent and vitamin additive after pulverizing in material, mix and obtain microbial fish guano;
Described vitamin additive component recipe ratio is: vitamin A, C, E mix with the weight ratio of 2:3:5, described mineral matter additive is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15%, ferrous sulfate 2-5%, zinc sulphate 1-2%, manganese sulphate 0.8-1%, borax 0.3-0.5%, cobalt sulphate 0.03-0.06%, rare earth 0.2-0.6%, all the other add salt to 100%, and to be sodium humate and EDTA mix with the weight ratio of 1:1-2 described chelating agent;
The daily aquaculture management of bait feeding: during cultivation, need throw every day and raise 4 times, the throwing amount of raising is calculated by body weight 25%-50%, it is degree that the throwing of take is raised without striving the food phenomenon, live and grasp depending on weather condition, throw feeding method for slowly jettisoninging, the 4th front throwing is between the lights raised, every 10-15d can carry out the mensuration of the indexs such as dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, transparency, its normal range (NR): dissolved oxygen >=3.5mg/L; PH, 7.5-8.8; Ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L; Nitrous acid nitrogen≤0.2mg/L; Hydrogen sulphide≤0.1mg/L; Transparency, 20-40cm;
Water quality management time sight every day water temperature, salinity, water level, dissolved oxygen, acid-base value, water colour and transparency change, carry out into draining and oxygenation work, creates the water quality environment of suitable cuttlefish growth, put the initial stage in a suitable place to breed, daily ration, feeding quantity is few, and water quality is more stable, and day is changed water 20% left and right; Middle and later periods, along with the rising of water temperature and increasing of daily ration, feeding quantity, strengthen gradually quantity of exchanged water, day is changed water 30%～50%; Later stage, excreta was more because daily ration, feeding quantity is larger, had further strengthened quantity of exchanged water, and day changes water and reaches 100%, and water transparence is controlled at 40～60 centimetres, and it is yellowish green, yellowish, light green as main that water colour be take;
During results, Chi Shui is drained into to 0.3～0.4 meter of the depth of water, by soft diddle-net, cuttlefish carefully is transferred in the band water receptacle and gets final product, the live transport Sepiella maindroni can adopt black Nylon Bag oxygenation or band water oxygenation bucket fortune, the transportation finished product density can be according to decisions such as cuttlefish size, transportation range, temperature, adopts and catches when transporting, and action is wanted gently, avoid high light, prevent cuttlefish ink-jet death.
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