CN106417119B - A kind of method of jellyfish fertilization and hatching - Google Patents
A kind of method of jellyfish fertilization and hatching Download PDFInfo
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- CN106417119B CN106417119B CN201610867801.7A CN201610867801A CN106417119B CN 106417119 B CN106417119 B CN 106417119B CN 201610867801 A CN201610867801 A CN 201610867801A CN 106417119 B CN106417119 B CN 106417119B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of jellyfish fertilization and hatching, this method comprises: choosing the female jellyfish and male jellyfish of gonadal maturation, after removing oral arm portion respectively, umbrella portion is put into the process continuously hatched in hatchery 3-5 days, wherein the total ratio of female jellyfish and male jellyfish is 2:1 or 3:1, after female jellyfish and male jellyfish remove oral arm portion respectively, morning 2-3 point is put into umbrella portion in hatchery.The stimulation of method of the invention due to removing oral arm portion, male and female concentrate discharge sperm and ovum, sustainable hatching 3-5 days to improve seed ontogeny synchronism, while repeatedly temporarily feeding step is not needed in hatching process.Method of the invention is easy to operate, practical, solves the problems such as jellyfish oviposition period is long, water quality is easily corrupt, seed development is asynchronous, the economic cost bitten for buying parent is effectively reduced, while providing a kind of simple and effective new method for the building of jellyfish selection and use family.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to jellyfishes to cultivate field, more specifically to the fertilization and hatching method of jellyfish seed breeding.
Background technique
Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) is under the jurisdiction of phylum cnidaria, Scyphozoa, root space decomposition mesh, root mouth
Jellyfish section, jellyfish category.Jellyfish is important one of the edible jellyfish in China, accounts for the 80% of edible jellyfish, and jellyfish has very high food
It is the important fished species of China fisherman and marine culture and stock enhancement kind with value and medical value.In recent years, due to mankind's activity
Its habitat is destroyed, along with long-term overfishing, jellyfish stock number is on the verge of exhaustion, for this purpose, carrying out jellyfish artificial breeding
Educate with cultural technique research, jellyfish germ plasm resource is restored and the sustainable health development of aquaculture is of great significance.
Jellyfish shape is in mushroom, is above umbrella portion (being commonly called as " jellyfish "), and lower is oral arm portion (being commonly called as " jelly fish head "), oral arm
Portion is Feeding organ, intermediate to be connected by oral pillar, and gonad is located in the subgenital porticus in umbrella portion.Jellyfish is gonochorism, in vitro
Fertilization, mating period, gender was difficult to identify from form in 8-10 month, and microscopy can be with precise Identification male and female.Jellyfish ovum is female
Cell is reached maturity, and the characteristic with asynchronous development belongs to Type of Spawning in batches, ontogenetic process are as follows: fertilized eggs-are floating
- 16 tentacle Xi shape body of -8 tentacle Xi shape body of unrestrained -4 tentacle Xi shape body of larva-strobila-acetabulum-is young to be bitten-and children bites-at biting.One
In a maturation of ovum discharge peak period, same individual sustainable discharge 5-7 days, general drain time was in 4:00 AM to 7 points.
In artificial breeding production indoors, male and female individual is put into hatchery by morning by a certain percentage, between male and female individual
Mutually stimulation induction fertilization, but there are following problems during currently used fertilization and hatching: since jellyfish has daytime
The habit that night uninterruptedly ingests, and food ration is huge, and can largely ingest fertilized eggs during spawning and hatching, lead to fertilized eggs number
Amount fails to meet production requirements；Parent pulls out after biting oviposition 3h, and male and female are individually separately put into holding pond and are temporarily supported, and continues within second day
Spawning and hatching whole cycle 9-13 days, causes oviposition period too long, influences the synchronism of seed development, is unfavorable for producing the later period
Management and scientific research；It is easy to fall off to exclude a large amount of mucus, tentacle for jellyfish oral arm portion during spawning and hatching, and Yi Yinqi water quality is disliked
Change causes nursery to fail.Especially in the research work in terms of jellyfish selection and use, need to construct a large amount of jellyfish family, due to
Hatching barrel water body is small, and the mucus of oral arm portion discharge, tentacle, which fall off, causes water body to redden glutinous corruption, can not carry out subsequent experiment
Research.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to solve, the jellyfish fertilization and hatching period is long, ontogeny synchronism is low, water quality easily corruption becomes
Bad the problems such as, provides a kind of easy to operate practical jellyfish fertilization and hatching method.
The purpose of the present invention is adopt the following technical scheme that realize.
A kind of method of jellyfish incubating oosperm, which is characterized in that this method comprises: choosing the female of gonadal maturation
Jellyfish and male jellyfish, after removing oral arm portion respectively, are put into umbrella portion the process continuously hatched in hatchery 3-5 days.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the total ratio of the female jellyfish and male jellyfish is 2:1 or 3:
1。
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, after female jellyfish and male jellyfish remove oral arm portion respectively, morning 2-3
Point is put into umbrella portion in hatchery.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the environmental condition of the hatchery are as follows: 18-26 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-
30, pH 7.6-8.6, dissolved oxygen 5-7mg/L.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the depth of the hatchery is 1.2-1.8m, and shape is round or side
Shape.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, male sea when the gonadal maturation refers to observation under the microscope
The anthreid bitten is at irregular kidney type, close full, 60-100 μm of diameter of the female jellyfish ovum of arrangement.
In the method for jellyfish incubating oosperm of the present invention, the method for preferred jellyfish incubating oosperm, including
Following steps:
(1) parent is bitten acquisition and is selected: in natural waters or cultivating pool, selection umbrella diameter in 30cm or more, weight 8kg with
On, health is not damaged, and the female or male jellyfish of full, the band-like gonad marshalling of gonad development is as breeding parent；
(2) parent bites cultivation: female and male parent are bitten individual separately and are respectively put into holding pond and temporarily support, and holding pond does not fill
Gas, temporarily feeding density is 0.5/m3, respectively feed artemia nauplii 1 time sooner or later, change water, quantity of exchanged water 30-50% after feeding 2h；
(3) sexual gland is observed: every the sexual gland microscopy for taking temporary adopted parents to bite with tweezers for 24 hours, whether observation gonad development is mature, male
Property anthreid at irregular kidney type, arrangement is close full, and female ovum diameter is gonadal maturation mark at 60-100 μm；
(4) fertilization and hatching: the female jellyfish of gonadal maturation and male jellyfish are removed oral arm by morning 2-3 point respectively
Portion is put into umbrella portion in hatchery, continuous hatching 3-5 days；Wherein the total ratio of the female jellyfish and male jellyfish is 2:1
Or 3:1, the environmental condition of the hatchery are as follows: 18-26 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-30, pH 7.6-8.6, dissolved oxygen 5-7mg/L.
The method of above-mentioned preferred jellyfish incubating oosperm, further include the select in step (1) parent bite transport to need
The temporarily trafficking step of feeding holding pond, the trafficking step are as follows: by the female jellyfish selected and male jellyfish in traffic density 10-
15/m3, transport is to holding pond within haulage time 2h, if needing to change fresh seawater more than 2h or more.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) since a large amount of mucus are discharged in jellyfish oral arm portion, oral arm tentacle contains a large amount of colloidal substance, easy to fall off to be not easy
It removes, rots to ruin water quality, remove jellyfish oral arm portion before hatching in method of the invention, effectively prevent the discharge of oral arm portion
A large amount of mucus and tentacle are fallen in hatchery, keep hatchery water quality pure and fresh, are conducive to the success rate for increasing seed breeding, together
When effectively prevent parent and bite fertilized eggs phenomenon of ingesting.
(2) in method of the invention, due to removing the stimulation in oral arm portion, male and female concentrate discharge sperm and ovum, male and female sea
Biting sustainable hatching after individual is put into hatchery can be completed fertilization and hatching step for 3-5 days, not need to pull out temporarily feeding step, behaviour
Make it is simple and convenient, solve at present jellyfish fertilization and hatching production in need repeatedly temporarily support etc. troublesome operations, shorten fertilization and hatching
Period, ontogeny synchronism greatly improve.
(3) in conventional method, jellyfish hatches the quality and quality decline of deutostoma wrist, and commercial value is low, increases economical
Cost.And in the method for the present invention, remove jellyfish oral arm portion, the problem of there is no the quality and quality decline in jellyfish oral arm portion, with
Normal market price is sold, and production nursery economic cost is significantly reduced.
Specific embodiment
Following non-limiting embodiments can with a person of ordinary skill in the art will more fully understand the present invention, but not with
Any mode limits the present invention.In following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, used method is conventional method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of jellyfish incubating oosperm, includes the following steps:
(1) parent is bitten acquisition and is selected: in cultivating pool, selecting umbrella diameter in 30cm or more, weight 8kg or more, healthy nothing
Damage, the female or male jellyfish that color is good, gonad development is full bite as breeding parent, and male and female proportion is 2:1；It whether is sexual gland
Develop it is full can observe under the microscope, method particularly includes: female or male jellyfish sexual gland 1-2cm are taken with tweezers, under microscope
Identify male and female, is able to observe that the full arrangement of sexual gland is compact under mirror and is believed that gonad development is full, can be used as breeding parent and bite；Choosing
Female individuals 20 are taken, male 10 bite as breeding parent；
(2) parent bites transport: the water tank of 1000 liters of selection, and every case fills jellyfish 10, is covered with black cloth, within 2 hours
Transport nursery workshop；
(3) parent bites cultivation: parent is bitten transport nursery workshop back after, male and female individual is individually separately put into holding pond and temporarily supports, and stores up
Pond is non-aerating, and temporarily feeding density is 0.5/m3, 1 hot housing of artemia nauplii is respectively fed sooner or later daily, rear 2h is fed and changes
Water, quantity of exchanged water 30-50%；
(4) sexual gland is observed: during hot housing, periodically being protruded into cave under reproduction with tweezers daily, is taken a fritter about 1cm sexual gland
Tissue checks whether observation gonad development is mature under the microscope, and for male sperm capsule at irregular kidney type, arrangement is compact full,
Female ovum diameter is sexual gland maturity symbol at 60-100 μm, can carry out spawning and hatching；
(5) fertilization and hatching: the female jellyfish 20 of sexual gland maturation and male jellyfish 10 are only removed oral arm by 3:00 AM respectively
Portion is put into umbrella portion in hatchery, persistently hatches 5 days, the environmental condition of hatchery during hatching are as follows: hatchery is that depth is
1.6m, volume 30m3Rectangular pond, 22 DEG C of pool inner water temperature, salinity 26, PH 8.1, dissolved oxygen 5.3mg/L.
In fertilization and hatching step, due to removing the stimulation in oral arm portion, male and female concentrate discharge sperm and ovum, do not need
Pull temporarily feeding step, sustainable culture out in way.
Statistical analysis: it is calculated since being completed fertilization oviposition, by the cultivating of 3d, Xi shape body is obtained in quantitative analysis
34020000, wherein 4 tentacle Xi shape body, 32,110,000,8 tentacle is 1,910,000, using 4 tentacles as standard, ontogeny synchronism is
94%.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
Fertilization and hatching: persistently hatch 3 days
Statistical analysis: it is calculated since being completed fertilization oviposition, by the cultivating of 3d, Xi shape body is obtained in quantitative analysis
30070000, wherein 4 tentacle Xi shape body 30,070,000, using 4 tentacles as standard, ontogeny synchronism is 100%.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is:
Fertilization and hatching: parent, which is bitten, does not remove oral arm portion, and 3:00 AM is put into male and female individual in hatchery, and 7:00 in morning will
Parent, which is bitten, to be pulled out, and male and female continue separately temporarily to support, and is repeated aforesaid operations to second day 3:00 AM, is continued 9d.
Statistical analysis: Xi shape body 29,310,000 is obtained through quantitative analysis, wherein 4 tentacle Xi shape body, 23,150,000,8 tentacle is
6160000, using 4 tentacles as standard, ontogeny synchronism is 79%.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of jellyfish fertilization and hatching, which is characterized in that this method comprises: choosing the female jellyfish of gonadal maturation
With male jellyfish, after removing oral arm portion respectively, umbrella portion is put into the process continuously hatched in hatchery 3-5 days.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the total ratio of the female jellyfish and male jellyfish is
2:1 or 3:1.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein after female jellyfish and male jellyfish remove oral arm portion respectively,
Morning 2-3 point is put into umbrella portion in hatchery.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the environmental condition of the hatchery are as follows: 18-26 DEG C of water temperature,
Salinity 24-30, pH 7.6-8.6, dissolved oxygen 5-7mg/L.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, shape is circle it is characterized in that, the depth of the hatchery is 1.2-1.8m
Shape is rectangular.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the gonadal maturation refers to when observing under the microscope
The anthreid of male jellyfish is at irregular kidney type, close full, 60-100 μm of diameter of the female jellyfish ovum of arrangement.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein including the following steps:
(1) parent is bitten acquisition and is selected: in natural waters or cultivating pool, selection umbrella diameter in 30cm or more, weight 8kg or more,
Health is not damaged, and the female or male jellyfish of full, the band-like gonad marshalling of gonad development is as breeding parent；
(2) parent bites cultivation: female and male parent are bitten individual separately and are respectively put into holding pond and temporarily support, and holding pond is non-aerating, temporarily
Supporting density is 0.5/m3, respectively feed artemia nauplii 1 time sooner or later, change water, quantity of exchanged water 30-50% after feeding 2h；
(3) sexual gland is observed: every the sexual gland microscopy for taking temporary adopted parents to bite with tweezers for 24 hours, observing whether gonad development is mature, and male is smart
Ascus is close full at irregular kidney type, arrangement, and female ovum diameter is gonadal maturation mark at 60-100 μm；
(4) fertilization and hatching: the female jellyfish of gonadal maturation and male jellyfish are removed oral arm portion by morning 2-3 point respectively,
Umbrella portion is put into hatchery, continuous hatching 3-5 days；Wherein the total ratio of the female jellyfish and male jellyfish is 2:1 or 3:
1, the environmental condition of the hatchery are as follows: 18-26 DEG C of water temperature, salinity 24-30, pH 7.6-8.6, dissolved oxygen 5-7mg/L.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the parent that this method further includes the select in step (1) is bitten
Transport the trafficking step for the holding pond that extremely need to temporarily support, the trafficking step are as follows: transporting the female jellyfish selected and male jellyfish
Defeated density 10-15/m3, transport is to holding pond within haulage time 2h, if needing to change fresh seawater more than 2h.
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