CN106259071A - A kind of natural cultural method of crab - Google Patents

A kind of natural cultural method of crab Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106259071A
CN106259071A CN201610642486.8A CN201610642486A CN106259071A CN 106259071 A CN106259071 A CN 106259071A CN 201610642486 A CN201610642486 A CN 201610642486A CN 106259071 A CN106259071 A CN 106259071A
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crab
water
pond
parts
chinese medicine
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林桂金
曾健
周小丽
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Guangxi Kyrgyzstan Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Guangxi Kyrgyzstan Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The present invention provides the natural cultural method of a kind of crab, comprises the following steps: 1) pond foundation；2) juvenile crab selects；3) water treatment: nursery pond, before putting juvenile crab 12～15 days, the Chinese medicine mixed powder I of every mu of use 90～110 kilograms splashed sterilization；Culturing pool: every 10～15 days, take Chinese medicine mixed powder II: Bulbus Allii 1～2 parts, Fructus Gardeniae 1～2 parts, Fructus Ulmus preparatium 0.1～0.3 part, Folium Pleioblasti 0.2～0.4 part, Folium Apocyni Veneti 0.1～0.3 part that following raw material pulverizing obtains, spill according to every mu and put the Chinese medicine mixed powder II of 120～140 kilograms and carry out disinfection；4) Seedling is put；5) add water change water process；6) bait throwing in management.Water treatment of the present invention uses Chinese medicine to carry out disinfection, and has sterilization and nutrition concurrently, has pure natural, noresidue, toxic and side effects advantage little, free of contamination, improve survival rate and the quality of Eriocheir sinensis.

Description

Natural river crab breeding method
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to a culture method, in particular to a natural culture method of river crabs.
[ background of the invention ]
The crab meat contains multiple vitamins, wherein vitamin A is higher than that of other terrestrial and aquatic animals, and vitamin B2 is 5-6 times of meat, 6-10 times higher than that of fish, and 2-3 times higher than that of eggs. The content of vitamin B1 and phosphorus is 6-10 times higher than that of common fish. Every 100 g of hairy crab edible part contains 17.5 mg of protein, 2.8 g of fat, 182 mg of phosphorus, 126 mg of calcium and 2.8 mg of iron. The crab shell contains rich calcium, crab red pigment, crab flavin and the like, so that the river crab is cultured in a large amount.
At present, the conventional method for breeding river crabs comprises the following steps: 1) selecting crab seedlings; 2) treating the water quality of the pond; directly splashing quicklime for sterilization; 3) putting seedlings; 4) bait casting management; the crabs in any stage are treated by the quicklime, and because the bodies of the crabs in different stages are different, the required growth environments are different, and the crabs are blindly disinfected by the quicklime, the survival rate of the crabs is low, and the quality of the crabs is reduced.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a natural cultivation method of river crabs, which treats the water quality of the crabs cultured in different stages in different ways, is suitable for the growth environment of the crabs, and improves the survival rate and quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a natural cultivation method of river crabs comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a pond: is divided into a seedling raising pond and a culture pond; wherein,
a seedling raising pond: selecting a place with sufficient water source, convenient water inlet and drainage, good water quality, no pollution and good air permeability, wherein the area is 0.5-1 mu, the gradient ratio is 0.5: 1-2, a crab ditch with the depth of 0.3-0.4 m and the width of 1-2 m is dug in the pool, anti-escape walls with the height of 50-60 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the pool is 30-40 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 60-70 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with round holes with the diameter of 10-15 cm, and are both provided with a filter screen with the mesh of 50-70; the method comprises the following steps of planting tape grass, alternanthera philoxeroides and red eggs in a pond according to the water plant coverage rate of 50-60%, throwing small stones with the total height of 5-10 cm and the diameter of 2-8 cm, and putting 5-8 kg of peat soil in each mu;
a culture pond: the area of the crab ditch is 2-3 mu, the slope is 1: 2-2.5, crab ditches with the depth of 1-1.5 m and the width of 4-5 m are dug in the crab ditch, escape-preventing walls with the height of 60-70 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the culture pond is 60-70 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 100-120 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with circular holes with the diameter of 12-17 cm and are both provided with 80-100 mesh filter screens; the method is characterized in that hydrilla verticillata, water hyacinth, chlorophyta and green chrysanthemum are used as main materials in the pond, the grass consumption per mu is 13-16kg, the row spacing is 0.8-1m, stones with the total height of 8-12 cm and the diameter of 5-9 cm are thrown in the pond, and in addition, 10-20 kg of peat soil is thrown in each mu;
2) crab larva selection: crab seedlings with the weight of 50-80 g, consistent specification, consistent body color and strong activity;
3) water quality treatment:
and (3) sprinkling 90-110 kg of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I for disinfection per mu 12-15 days before crab larvae are put in the nursery pond, and keeping the water temperature at 18-25 ℃, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I is formed by crushing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of aloe powder, 2-3 parts of ginkgo, 0.2-0.4 part of pigeon manure, 1-2 parts of gardenia and 0.1-0.3 part of pomegranate bark;
a culture pond: every 10-15 days, taking the following raw materials to obtain traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II: 1-2 parts of garlic, 1-2 parts of gardenia, 0.1-0.3 part of fructus ulmi, 0.2-0.4 part of bitter bamboo leaf and 0.1-0.3 part of apocynum venetum leaf; then, spraying 120-140 kilograms of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II per mu for disinfection, and keeping the water temperature at 20-25 ℃;
4) seedling releasing: before seedling release, potassium permanganate is used for 10-15 g/m3Soaking the solution for 2-3 minutes, then putting the solution into clear water for 8-10 minutes, repeating the soaking for 2-3 times, then putting the disinfected crab seedlings into a seedling pool for 10-20 crab seedlings per time, and after all the crab seedlings are slowly scattered, then putting the rest crab seedlings into the seedling pool in the manner;
5) adding water and changing water treatment: the seedling raising pond is changed every 10 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 20cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 50 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 35cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 65 cm;
a culture pond: changing water every 5-8 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 50cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 80 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 65cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 110 cm;
6) bait casting management:
a) the first stage is as follows: feeding twice with bait I1-10 days after the crab larvae are placed in a nursery pond, wherein each bait I is 0.01-0.02 time of the weight of the crab larvae, and comprises the following components: soybean starch, dried snail meat, sweet potato powder and a Chinese herbal medicine additive I, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive I is prepared from the following raw materials: licorice, selfheal, radix sophorae flavescentis, parasitic loranthus, Chinese date, Chinese angelica and Chinese lobelia;
b) and a second stage: feeding the crabs for 11-20 days after the crabs are placed in a nursery pond for three times every day by adopting bait II, wherein each bait II is 0.07-0.09 time of the weight of the crabs, and comprises the following components: corn starch, screw meat, fish meal and a traditional Chinese medicine additive II, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is prepared from the following raw materials: the Chinese medicinal additive II is added into a grinder to be ground and then pass through a sieve of 10-30 meshes;
c) and a third stage: feeding the crabs for three times every day by adopting bait II within 5 months after the crabs are transferred from the nursery pond to the culture pond, wherein each crab is fed according to 0.1-0.3 time of the weight of the crab;
d) a fourth stage: after 5 months of transferring the crabs from the nursery pond to the culture pond, feeding the crabs for three times every day by using bait III, wherein each bait III is 0.5 time of the weight of the crab, and comprises the following components: chicken, egg shell powder, meat and bone powder, vitamins and bone powder.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the step of water quality treatment, quicklime is not adopted for treating the nursery pond and the culture pond, but a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine components are respectively added during disinfection of the nursery pond and the culture pond, wherein aloe, ginkgo, gardenia, pigeon feces and pomegranate rind have the functions of killing insects and disinfecting, and a single traditional Chinese medicine component can inhibit the growth and reproduction of some or certain pathogenic bacteria or parasites, but the inhibition range is limited; in addition, traditional Chinese medicine components are added into the culture pond, wherein garlic, gardenia, fructus ulmi, bitter bamboo leaves and dogbane leaves have insecticidal effects, the insecticidal and bacteriostatic abilities are greatly improved when the traditional Chinese medicine components are used, and meanwhile, the bitter bamboo leaves and the fructus ulmi have the effects of killing insects, attracting food and promoting digestion, so that the growth of crabs is accelerated; a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine components are added in the water quality treatment process, the crab feed has the functions of disinfection and sterilization and nutrition, has the advantages of pure nature, no residue, small toxic and side effects, no pollution and various performances, and improves the survival rate and the quality of crabs.
The detailed conditions of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in the invention are as follows:
the efficacy and effect of aloe: 1. people with health-care physique can not only prevent and treat various diseases, but also improve physique, enhance physical strength and keep energy vigorous by taking aloe and adhering to an aloe bath. The body fluid of healthy people is alkalescent, becomes acidic due to overwork or life tension and is susceptible to virus infection, and the body fluid is kept alkaline due to the common use of the aloe vera, so that the healthy people can be kept and do not catch cold. 2. The aloe tincture with antibacterial effect is a substance with strong antibacterial effect, and can kill various fungi, mold, bacteria, viruses, etc., and inhibit and eliminate the development and reproduction of pathogens. 3. Anti-inflammatory bradykinin enzymes of aloe vera in combination with vascular tone counteract inflammation. Especially Aloe polysaccharides can enhance disease resistance, and can be used for treating chronic diseases such as dermatitis, chronic nephritis, cystitis, and bronchitis. 4. The aloe polysaccharide and vitamins have good nourishing, moistening and whitening effects on human skin. Especially the most annoying acne of young adolescents, aloe has good effect of eliminating acne. Aloe-emodin, etc. belongs to anthraquinone glycoside substance, which can make hair soft and glossy, relaxed and comfortable, and has dandruff removing effect. Therefore, aloe cosmetics such as aloe cosmetic cream, aloe skin cream, aloe hair dye cream, etc. account for 80% of the european cosmetics market. 5. The effective components of aloe-emodin glycoside and aloe-emodin in aloe for invigorating stomach and promoting diarrhea play a role in stimulating appetite and relieving diarrhea in large intestine. The aloe can strengthen the stomach function, strengthen the physique and restore the appetite of the patient suffering from loss of appetite due to weak physique after being taken. Aloe is the most effective medicine for treating constipation in ancient and modern countries, and can relieve constipation within 8-12 hours even after aloe is taken, because the aloin component increases the secretion of large intestine liquid, increases the activity of lipase and restores the disordered large intestine autonomic nerve function, and has no side effect or drug dependence. 6. The aloe vera calcium isocitrate with effects of tonifying heart and promoting blood circulation has effects of tonifying heart, promoting blood circulation, softening and hardening arteries, reducing cholesterol content, dilating capillary vessels, smoothing blood circulation, reducing cholesterol value, relieving heart burden, keeping blood pressure normal, and removing "toxin" in blood. 7. The aloin A, the wound hormone, the polypeptide mannan (Ke-2) and the like for promoting the wound healing have the functions of resisting virus infection and promoting the wound healing and recovery, have the functions of diminishing inflammation and sterilizing, absorbing heat and reducing swelling, softening skin and keeping cell activity, and the curdlan and the callus acid have the wound healing activity, so the curdlan is an ideal medicine for treating the trauma (hemorrhagic trauma and non-hemorrhagic trauma) without leaving scars. 8. The viscous polysaccharide in aloe for immunity and tumor resistance has the functions of improving immunity, inhibiting and destroying abnormal cell growth, and thus can reach the aim of resisting cancer. 9. The aloe has no toxicity, harm and side effects, and does not produce antibody. The aloe components such as aloetin alomicin have the effects of decomposing harmful substances in organism and eliminating toxin invading from organism. The radiation or nuclear radiation can treat burn skin ulcer caused by cancer, and Aloe has effects of removing toxic substance, relieving inflammation, regenerating new cell, and increasing leukocyte reduced by radiotherapy. 10. Anti-aging mucilage (protein) in Aloe vera is prepared from polysaccharides such as arboran A Baloe mannanase as core ingredient, and is important for preventing cell aging and treating chronic allergy. Mucin exists in human muscle and gastrointestinal mucosa, and makes the tissue elastic, and if insufficient mucin is available, the muscle and mucosa lose elasticity and become rigid and aging. If the mucin is insufficient, the cells constituting the human body are gradually weakened and lose the capability of defending germs and viruses. In addition, mucin has body strengthening and essence strengthening effects. 11. Analgesic and sedative effects when finger swelling and pain, toothache are intolerable, pain, neuralgia, gout, muscle and tendon pain can be eliminated by sticking aloe leaves on the affected part, and the aloe can be orally taken or externally applied to achieve analgesic effect. Aloe can also be used for preventing and treating hangover, carsickness, and seasickness. 12. The natural anthraquinone glycoside or anthracene derivative in aloe has sunscreen effect, and can absorb ultraviolet ray and prevent skin red and brown spot. 13. The aloe juice has good effects of disinfection and antisepsis. In summer, aloe juice is applied to the skin, and mosquitoes can not bite the aloe juice. Columbia often applies aloe juice to the feet of children to prevent insect damage. The aloe juice is sprayed to doors, windows and rooms, flies cannot enter the doors, windows and rooms, and the Dai nationality people use the aloe juice to prevent the flies from entering the rooms. 14. Deodorant effect Aloe has the effect of preventing foot, mouth, and armpit etc. body odor. Aloe vera has been used for long time to eliminate body odor.
Gingko, nature and taste, sweet, bitter, flat and astringent; the main treatment is uncooked food, malnutrition induced drinking and alcohol effect dispelling, and cooked food and people benefited (Lipengfei). Cooked food, warm lung and replenish qi, relieve dyspnea and cough, reduce stool and stop whitish and turbid. Raw meal, reducing phlegm, disinfection and disinsection. Chewing the pulp, spreading on the nose, face, hands and feet, removing wrinkles, and treating scabies, tinea, eczema, and pubic louse.
The pigeon feces are the highest nutritive value of all conventional livestock and poultry feces, and because the pigeon intestines are too short compared with cattle, sheep, goose and pig, and the food stays in the intestines for a short time, the nutrient of the pigeon feed can be absorbed by about one third of the pigeon intestine, most of pigeon feed is discharged from the body through the rectum, and finally the pigeon is pulled out. Pigeon manure contains about 28% of crude protein, 13% of pure protein and 8% of total amino acids, and various amino acids are relatively balanced, and in addition, the pigeon manure also contains rich B vitamins and various trace elements. Therefore, the pigeon manure is low-cost low-energy protein feed, part of the protein feed is replaced by the pigeon manure, and energy feed is supplemented, so that the economic benefit of the animal husbandry industry can be greatly improved, the pollution can be reduced, the environment can be purified, and an ecological industrial chain is formed. Likewise, the pigeon manure can be prepared into high-grade high-quality organic fertilizer through fermentation or further prepared into organic and inorganic biological formula fertilizer (referred to as biological fertilizer for short), thereby bringing good economic, ecological and social benefits. For example, the fermented feed can reach 200 tons when 41.4 kilograms of fresh excrement is produced per pigeon every year and 414 tons of fresh excrement is produced in ten thousand pigeon farms every year, and if the feed is completely used by oneself, the cost of about 16 ten thousand yuan of feed can be saved, and if the feed is sold, the economic income of 24 ten thousand yuan can be generated. But if the fresh manure is not fermented, the fresh manure can be directly sold to obtain about 6 ten thousand yuan, and compared with the two phases, the economic return of fermentation is obvious. With the large-scale feeding, the utilization value of the pigeon manure is higher and higher, the nutrient content of the pigeon manure feed after processing is not lower than that of other livestock manure, and in addition, the pigeon manure feed has the effect of preventing certain diseases when being used for feeding livestock.
Gardenia, nature and taste, bitter and cold; the indications include five internal pathogenic factors, stomach heat, red face, red wine, nasal obstruction, pellagra, scabies and sores (Benjing). Treating conjunctival congestion, heat pain, chest, heart, large and small intestine large heat, and vexation in heart (Bian Lu). Removing toxic heat and wind, removing seasonal fever, relieving five kinds of jaundice, benefiting five kinds of stranguria, inducing diuresis, quenching thirst, improving eyesight, treating aversion to heat, and killing parasites (right to screen). Relieving jade dominance of hoarseness and purpura. For restlessness, insomnia, dysuria due to blood stagnation under umbilicus. Purging triple energizer fire, clearing stomach and blood, treating heat syncope and heart pain, relieving heat stagnation and moving qi (Shaheng). It is indicated for hematemesis, epistaxis, bloody dysentery, stranguria with blood, blood stasis, typhoid fever, fatigue, headache, hernia, scald, fire injury (Shizhen).
Pomegranate rind, sour, astringent, warm; function, astringent soup: can be used for treating chronic diarrhea and dysentery. (2) Killing insects: can be used for killing tapeworm and roundworm.
Fructus Ulmus Preparatium, pungent, bitter, warm; indications, killing parasites and eliminating malnutrition: can be used for killing ascarid and tapeworm and treating malnutritional stagnation. It can be used for treating ascariasis and enterobiasis.
Bitter bamboo leaves, nature and taste, bitter taste and cold; efficacy, aphtha, eye pain, improving eyesight and inducing resuscitation (Bian Lu). Treating insomnia, quenching thirst, relieving alcoholism, removing dysphoria, sweating, and treating aphonia due to apoplexy. Killing pests. Mixing with fel Sus Domestica, and applying to treat infantile head sore, ear sore, scabies and tinea; it is often used to take effect when mixing with chicken egg white to treat all malignant sores.
Folium apocyni veneti has the following pharmacological effects: 1. the apocynum venetum leaf decoction for reducing blood pressure reduces the blood pressure from 194/142mm Hg to 152/100mm Hg after 2 hours after gastric lavage of the kidney type hypertensive dog, and is stable at a lower level all the time, and the blood pressure rises after 3 days. 2. Canada hemp glycoside contained in apocynum venetum root has cardiotonic effect, and can make the isolated and in-situ cat heart increase its contraction amplitude, slow down heart rate, and then make the heart rhythm be irregular, and finally make the heart beat stop in contraction period, its action property and speed are similar to that of Convolvulus glycoside, and the central inhibitory medicine of pentobarbital sodium can reduce its cardiotonic effect. The dogbane root extract is used for carrying out experiments on the heart of the cat, and also shows a cardiac glycoside-like effect. Plants of the same genus (e.g., Apocynum canadensis) are less effective than digitalis in patients with atrial fibrillation, e.g., in doses sufficient to control cardiac rhythm disturbances, often causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. 3. The Canada hemp glycoside has better effect than Convolvulin in treating canine experimental cardiovascular insufficiency, alleviating the symptoms of acute circulatory disturbance of rabbit myocarditis, and preventing myocardial and coronary angiosclerosis. It can restore normal electrocardiogram change of atherosclerotic rabbit, has remarkable effect on coronary contraction, and has therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis due to deficiency of rabbit coronary circulation function caused by pituitrin and thrombin, but is weak. Can increase cardiac glycogen resynthesis. [ in use, hyperlipidemia was not effective in mice fed with high-fat diet; it is proved that the dogbane leaf has the function of reducing the endogenous blood fat. 4. The radiation damage resistant apocynum venetum leaf extract is subjected to intragastric administration at the concentration of 2g/kg and intraperitoneal injection at the concentration of 0.5g/kg for 15-20 consecutive days, so that the survival days of mice irradiated by 60Co gamma-rays can be prolonged, the survival rate is increased, the number of blood leucocytes is increased, the same effect is also achieved when the quercetin is subjected to intragastric administration at the concentration of 30mg/kg, and the radiation resistant effect of the apocynum venetum leaf is considered to be related to the quercetin. 5. The function of the spleen that triacontanol has no obvious influence on the growth of normal young mice; has weight increasing effect on spleen of mouse, and is especially significant when injected intramuscularly at 20 mg/kg; the influence on the thymus of the mice is inconsistent, the thymus of the adult mice is slightly increased, and the weight of the young mice is slightly reduced; has obvious resistance to weight loss of spleen and thymus caused by cyclophosphamide; has effect in enhancing phagocytic function of macrophage in abdominal cavity of mouse. 6. Action on cardiovascular system Apocynum venetum extract water filtrate (10%) is injected into anaesthetized dog vein at constant speed (2.0ml/kg, 3.6ml/min), and blood pressure is reduced. Over 7 minutes) up to a maximum of 22.3%, a drop in blood pressure accompanied by a slowing of the heart rate (r 0.83) which lasts for 30 minutes since the administration. Blood pressure decreases with decreased cardiac output, cardiac index, cardiac beat index and coronary left circumflex blood flow. Has no influence on the load before and after the heart. Myocardial oxygen consumption decreased within 3 minutes of intravenous injection. Intravenous injection of herba Apocyni Veneti leaf decoction (0.25g/kg) or its flavonoid glycoside (10-15mg/kg) into dog can reduce heart rate after 1-10 min, recover after 30 min, and increase dosage to 1g/kg and flavonoid glycoside to 20mg/kg can cause arrhythmia, ST segment depression, and T wave deformation, which indicates that both can cause cardiotoxic reaction. Intravenous injection of dogbane leaf flavonoid glycoside for dog and cat can lower blood pressure by 12.6-36.7%; the antihypertensive effect is maintained for 3-10 minutes after one-time administration, but the fast tolerance exists, and the blood pressure can be reduced when 5g/kg of the apocynum venetum leaf decoction (1.5.10g/kg) is taken for the experimental renal hypertension dogs. The dose can be reduced from 194/142 to 152/100mmHg after 2 hours, and the dose can be increased after three days. The flavonoid glycoside has obvious effect of dilating blood vessels when perfusing isolated rabbit ear blood vessels with 5mg each time. 7. Diuresis inducing effect the dogbane leaf water extract and the burning residue of the extract have diuresis inducing effect, the total urine output of rats 6-24 hours and 24 hours after the dogbane leaf water extract is orally taken by the rats is respectively increased by 50.60% and 32.28%, and the urine sodium and urine potassium output is correspondingly increased, but the urine potassium and urine sodium concentrations of an administration group and a control group are not obviously different. After the apocynum venetum leaf water extract is injected into a home-free intravenous injection for 30 minutes, the urine volume is obviously increased (the urine volume is increased between 28.96 and 106.20 percent), the effect lasts for more than 2 hours, the output of natrium and potassium in urine is not obviously increased (the output of potassium in urine is increased within 2 hours), and the concentrations of natrium and potassium in urine are lower than the levels before administration. After dog is injected with dogbane leaf water extract intravenously, the urine volume at each time phase within 60 minutes is obviously increased, the output of natrium and potassium in urine is correspondingly increased, but the concentrations of natrium and potassium in urine are lower than the level before administration. The burning residue of the dogbane leaf extract has a quick and strong diuretic effect on rabbits, but the action duration is shorter than that of the extract. 8. The dogbane leaf water extract can obviously reduce the serum total cholesterol value and the triglyceride value of a rat with hyperlipidemia caused by Triton, but cannot reduce the cholesterol value of the mouse with hypercholesterolemia caused by high-fat feed. 9. The folium Apocyni Veneti extract has antiaging or life prolonging effects on Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, and mouse. The dogbane leaf extract has the effect of reducing the content of lipofuscin in the internal organs of mice to different degrees, and can generally improve the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the liver and the heart of the mice of different age groups. Apocynum venetum tea can increase SOD value and HDL-e in erythrocytes, and is beneficial for preventing arteriosclerosis. Chemical components: the leaves contain quercetin (quercetin), isoquercitrin (iso-quercitrin), hyperoside (hyperide), rutin (rutin), d-catechin (catechin), enquinone (antraquinone), glutamic acid (glutaminic acid), alanine (alanine), valine (valine), various amino acids, nonacosane (nona-cosane), triacontanol (1-triacontanol), hentriacontanol (hentriacontane), lupeol palmitate (lupenyl palmitate), myricyl palmitate (myricyl palmitate), hexadecanol palmitate (hexadecanol palmitate), meso-inositol (meso-inositol), beta-sitosterol (beta-sitosterol), potassium chloride, tannin and polysaccharide, lupeol (lupeol), isobutanol (isoniadine), and scopolamine (scopolamine). The root contains Canadian hemp glycoside (cymarin), K-stro-phanthin-beta and strophanthin aglycone (strophanthin).
The Glycyrrhrizae radix contains multiple chemical components, such as glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin. The chemical composition of licorice is very complex, and there are dozens of compounds separated from licorice so far, such as glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, neoliquiritin, neoisoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and glycyrrhizin, glycyrol, isoliquiritigenin, 7-methyl coumarine, umbelliferone, etc., but these components and amounts usually vary depending on factors such as the type of licorice, the planting area, the harvesting time, etc. A large number of researches show that glycyrrhizin and flavonoids are the most important physiological active substances in liquorice and mainly exist in the part inside the epidermis of liquorice root.
Selfheal, pungent, bitter and cold in nature and flavor; meridian tropism, liver meridian and gallbladder meridian tropism; has the main functions of clearing fire, improving eyesight, eliminating stagnation and reducing swelling. Can be used for treating conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain, eyeball nyctalgia, headache, giddiness, scrofula, goiter, mammary abscess, and swelling and pain; goiter, tuberculous lymphadenitis, hyperplasia of mammary glands, and hypertension.
Ku Shen is bitter and cold. Has the functions of clearing heat, drying dampness, killing parasites and promoting urination. Can be used for treating dysentery with heat, hematochezia, jaundice, anuria, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, pudendal swelling, pudendal pruritus, eczema, skin pruritus, scabies, tinea, leprosy, and trichomonas vaginitis.
Loranthus mulberry mistletoe, bitter and sweet in nature and taste, mild in flavor; entering meridians, entering liver and kidney meridians; has the main functions of nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening bones and muscles, removing rheumatism, dredging channels and collaterals, benefiting blood and preventing miscarriage. It is used to treat soreness of waist and knees, atrophy and weakness of tendons and bones, hemiplegia, tinea pedis, arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, fetal leakage, metrorrhagia, and puerperal agalactia. It is indicated for chronic cough, longitudinal vertigo of tongue.
Chinese angelica, nature and taste, sweet, pungent and warm; meridian tropism, liver, heart and spleen meridians; the function is mainly used for enriching blood; promoting blood circulation; regulating menstruation and relieving pain; moistening dryness and smoothing intestine. The main symptoms are blood deficiency; menoxenia; amenorrhea; dysmenorrhea; the accumulation of symptoms; (ii) metrorrhagia and metrostaxis; abdominal pain due to deficiency-cold; flaccidity and paralysis; numbness of the skin; intestinal dryness and difficult defecation; severe dysentery with diarrhea; carbuncle, cellulitis, sore and ulcer; injury from falling.
Bupleurum root, nature and taste, pungent; slightly cold in nature; meridian tropism, liver tropism; gallbladder meridian; the efficacy and the effect are as follows: harmonize exterior and interior, soothe liver and raise yang. It is used to treat alternating cold and heat, fullness in chest, hypochondriac pain, bitter taste in mouth, deafness, headache, blurred vision, malaria, prolapse of anus, menoxenia, and metroptosis.
Cortex acanthopanacis, pungent, bitter and warm in nature; meridian tropism, liver and kidney meridians; has the main functions of expelling wind-damp, nourishing liver and kidney and strengthening bones and muscles. Can be used for treating rheumatalgia, tendons and bones flaccidity, infantile retardation, asthenia, edema, and tinea pedis.
Motherwort herb is pungent, bitter and cool in property and taste, and has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, regulating menstruation and eliminating water, and is used in treating female menoxenia, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, etc.
Dandelion, nature and taste, bitter and sweet, cold; entering meridians, entering liver and stomach meridians; has the main functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting urination and resolving masses. It can be used for treating acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, lymphoid tuberculosis, furunculosis, acute conjunctivitis, common cold with fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, and urinary tract infection.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples may assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1:
a natural cultivation method of river crabs comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a pond: is divided into a seedling raising pond and a culture pond; wherein,
a seedling raising pond: selecting a place with sufficient water source, convenient water inlet and drainage, good water quality, no pollution and good air permeability, wherein the area is 0.5-1 mu, the gradient ratio is 0.5: 1-2, a crab ditch with the depth of 0.3-0.4 m and the width of 1-2 m is dug in the pool, anti-escape walls with the height of 50-60 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the pool is 30-40 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 60-70 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with round holes with the diameter of 10-15 cm, and are both provided with a filter screen with the mesh of 50-70; the method comprises the following steps of planting tape grass, alternanthera philoxeroides and red eggs in a pond according to the water plant coverage rate of 50-60%, throwing small stones with the total height of 5-10 cm and the diameter of 2-8 cm, and putting 5-8 kg of peat soil in each mu;
a culture pond: the area of the crab ditch is 2-3 mu, the slope is 1: 2-2.5, crab ditches with the depth of 1-1.5 m and the width of 4-5 m are dug in the crab ditch, escape-preventing walls with the height of 60-70 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the culture pond is 60-70 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 100-120 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with circular holes with the diameter of 12-17 cm and are both provided with 80-100 mesh filter screens; the method is characterized in that hydrilla verticillata, water hyacinth, chlorophyta and green chrysanthemum are used as main materials in the pond, the grass consumption per mu is 13-16kg, the row spacing is 0.8-1m, stones with the total height of 8-12 cm and the diameter of 5-9 cm are thrown in the pond, and in addition, 10-20 kg of peat soil is thrown in each mu;
2) crab larva selection: crab seedlings with the weight of 50-80 g, consistent specification, consistent body color and strong activity;
3) water quality treatment: and (3) sprinkling 90-110 kg of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I for disinfection per mu 12-15 days before crab larvae are put in the nursery pond, and keeping the water temperature at 18-25 ℃, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I is formed by crushing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of aloe powder, 2 parts of ginkgo, 0.2 part of pigeon manure, 1 part of gardenia and 0.1 part of pomegranate bark;
a culture pond: every 10-15 days, taking the following raw materials, namely 1 part of garlic, 1 part of gardenia, 0.1 part of fructus ulmi, 0.2 part of bitter bamboo leaf and 0.1 part of apocynum venetum leaf, and crushing to obtain traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II; then, spraying 120-140 kilograms of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II per mu for disinfection, and keeping the water temperature at 20-25 ℃;
4) seedling releasing: before seedling release, potassium permanganate with the concentration of 2% is used for 10-15 g/m3Soaking the solution for 2-3 minutes, then putting the solution into clear water for 8-10 minutes, repeating the soaking for 2-3 times, then putting the disinfected crab seedlings into a seedling pool for 10-20 crab seedlings per time, and after all the crab seedlings are slowly scattered, then putting the rest crab seedlings into the seedling pool in the manner;
5) adding water and changing water treatment: the seedling raising pond is changed every 10 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 20cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 50 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 35cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 65 cm;
a culture pond: changing water every 5-8 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 50cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 80 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 65cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 110 cm;
6) bait casting management:
a) the first stage is as follows: feeding twice with bait I1-10 days after the crab larvae are placed in a nursery pond, wherein each bait I is 0.01-0.02 time of the weight of the crab larvae, and comprises the following components: soybean starch, dried snail meat, sweet potato powder and a Chinese herbal medicine additive I, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive I is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.1 to 0.3 portion of liquorice, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of selfheal, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of lightyellow sophora root, 0.05 to 0.07 portion of Chinese taxillus twig, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese date, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese angelica and 0.01 to 0.03 portion of Chinese lobelia;
b) and a second stage: feeding the crabs for 11-20 days after the crabs are placed in a nursery pond for three times every day by adopting bait II, wherein each bait II is 0.07-0.09 time of the weight of the crabs, and comprises the following components: corn starch, screw meat, fish meal and a traditional Chinese medicine additive II, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.2-0.3 part of radix bupleuri, 0.02-0.04 part of cortex acanthopanacis, 0.03-0.06 part of motherwort, 0.1-0.4 part of wild chrysanthemum flower, 0.2-0.4 part of dandelion and 0.1-0.2 part of mint, and the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is put into a grinder to be ground and then passes through a 10-30 mesh screen;
c) and a third stage: feeding the crabs for three times every day by adopting bait II within 5 months after the crabs are transferred from the nursery pond to the culture pond, wherein each crab is fed according to 0.1-0.3 time of the weight of the crab;
d) a fourth stage: after 5 months of transferring the crabs from the nursery pond to the culture pond, feeding the crabs for three times every day by using bait III, wherein each bait III is 0.5 time of the weight of the crab, and comprises the following components: chicken, egg shell powder, meat and bone powder, vitamins and bone powder.
Example 2
A natural cultivation method of river crabs comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a pond: is divided into a seedling raising pond and a culture pond; wherein,
a seedling raising pond: selecting a place with sufficient water source, convenient water inlet and drainage, good water quality, no pollution and good air permeability, wherein the area is 0.5-1 mu, the gradient ratio is 0.5: 1-2, a crab ditch with the depth of 0.3-0.4 m and the width of 1-2 m is dug in the pool, anti-escape walls with the height of 50-60 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the pool is 30-40 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 60-70 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with round holes with the diameter of 10-15 cm, and are both provided with a filter screen with the mesh of 50-70; the method comprises the following steps of planting tape grass, alternanthera philoxeroides and red eggs in a pond according to the water plant coverage rate of 50-60%, throwing small stones with the total height of 5-10 cm and the diameter of 2-8 cm, and putting 5-8 kg of peat soil in each mu;
a culture pond: the area of the crab ditch is 2-3 mu, the slope is 1: 2-2.5, crab ditches with the depth of 1-1.5 m and the width of 4-5 m are dug in the crab ditch, escape-preventing walls with the height of 60-70 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the culture pond is 60-70 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 100-120 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with circular holes with the diameter of 12-17 cm and are both provided with 80-100 mesh filter screens; the method is characterized in that hydrilla verticillata, water hyacinth, chlorophyta and green chrysanthemum are used as main materials in the pond, the grass consumption per mu is 13-16kg, the row spacing is 0.8-1m, stones with the total height of 8-12 cm and the diameter of 5-9 cm are thrown in the pond, and in addition, 10-20 kg of peat soil is thrown in each mu;
2) crab larva selection: crab seedlings with the weight of 50-80 g, consistent specification, consistent body color and strong activity;
3) water quality treatment: and (3) sprinkling 90-110 kg of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I for disinfection per mu 12-15 days before crab larvae are put in the nursery pond, and keeping the water temperature at 18-25 ℃, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I is formed by crushing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of aloe powder, 2 parts of ginkgo, 0.3 part of pigeon manure, 15 parts of gardenia and 0.2 part of pomegranate bark;
a culture pond: every 10-15 days, taking the following raw materials, namely 1.5 parts of garlic, 1.5 parts of gardenia, 0.2 part of fructus ulmi, 0.3 part of bitter bamboo leaf and 0.2 part of apocynum venetum leaf, and crushing to obtain traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II; then, spraying 120-140 kilograms of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II per mu for disinfection, and keeping the water temperature at 20-25 ℃ and the turbidity of the water less than 10%;
4) seedling releasing: before seedling release, potassium permanganate with the concentration of 4 percent is used for 10-15 g/m3Soaking the solution for 2-3 minutes, then putting the solution into clear water for 8-10 minutes, repeating the soaking for 2-3 times, then putting the disinfected crab seedlings into a seedling pool for 10-20 crab seedlings per time, and after all the crab seedlings are slowly scattered, then putting the rest crab seedlings into the seedling pool in the manner;
5) adding water and changing water treatment: the seedling raising pond is changed every 10 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 20cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 50 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 35cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 65 cm;
a culture pond: changing water every 5-8 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 50cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 80 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 65cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 110 cm;
6) bait casting management:
a) the first stage is as follows: feeding twice with bait I1-10 days after the crab larvae are placed in a nursery pond, wherein each bait I is 0.01-0.02 time of the weight of the crab larvae, and comprises the following components: soybean starch, dried snail meat, sweet potato powder and a Chinese herbal medicine additive I, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive I is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.1 to 0.3 portion of liquorice, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of selfheal, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of lightyellow sophora root, 0.05 to 0.07 portion of Chinese taxillus twig, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese date, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese angelica and 0.01 to 0.03 portion of Chinese lobelia;
b) and a second stage: feeding the crabs for 11-20 days after the crabs are placed in a nursery pond for three times every day by adopting bait II, wherein each bait II is 0.07-0.09 time of the weight of the crabs, and comprises the following components: corn starch, screw meat, fish meal and a traditional Chinese medicine additive II, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.2-0.3 part of radix bupleuri, 0.02-0.04 part of cortex acanthopanacis, 0.03-0.06 part of motherwort, 0.1-0.4 part of wild chrysanthemum flower, 0.2-0.4 part of dandelion and 0.1-0.2 part of mint, and the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is put into a grinder to be ground and then passes through a 10-30 mesh screen;
c) and a third stage: feeding the crabs for three times every day by adopting bait II within 5 months after the crabs are transferred from the nursery pond to the culture pond, wherein each crab is fed according to 0.1-0.3 time of the weight of the crab;
d) a fourth stage: after 5 months of transferring the crabs from the nursery pond to the culture pond, feeding the crabs for three times every day by using bait III, wherein each bait III is 0.5 time of the weight of the crab, and comprises the following components: chicken, egg shell powder, meat and bone powder, vitamins and bone powder.
Example 3
A natural cultivation method of river crabs comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a pond: is divided into a seedling raising pond and a culture pond; wherein,
a seedling raising pond: selecting a place with sufficient water source, convenient water inlet and drainage, good water quality, no pollution and good air permeability, wherein the area is 0.5-1 mu, the gradient ratio is 0.5: 1-2, a crab ditch with the depth of 0.3-0.4 m and the width of 1-2 m is dug in the pool, anti-escape walls with the height of 50-60 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the pool is 30-40 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 60-70 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with round holes with the diameter of 10-15 cm, and are both provided with a filter screen with the mesh of 50-70; the method comprises the following steps of planting tape grass, alternanthera philoxeroides and red eggs in a pond according to the water plant coverage rate of 50-60%, throwing small stones with the total height of 5-10 cm and the diameter of 2-8 cm, and putting 5-8 kg of peat soil in each mu;
a culture pond: the area of the crab ditch is 2-3 mu, the slope is 1: 2-2.5, crab ditches with the depth of 1-1.5 m and the width of 4-5 m are dug in the crab ditch, escape-preventing walls with the height of 60-70 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the culture pond is 60-70 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 100-120 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with circular holes with the diameter of 12-17 cm and are both provided with 80-100 mesh filter screens; the method is characterized in that hydrilla verticillata, water hyacinth, chlorophyta and green chrysanthemum are used as main materials in the pond, the grass consumption per mu is 13-16kg, the row spacing is 0.8-1m, stones with the total height of 8-12 cm and the diameter of 5-9 cm are thrown in the pond, and in addition, 10-20 kg of peat soil is thrown in each mu;
2) crab larva selection: crab seedlings with the weight of 50-80 g, consistent specification, consistent body color and strong activity;
3) water quality treatment: and (3) sprinkling 90-110 kg of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I for disinfection per mu 12-15 days before crab larvae are put in the nursery pond, and keeping the water temperature at 18-25 ℃, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I is formed by crushing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of aloe powder, 3 parts of ginkgo, 0.4 part of pigeon manure, 2 parts of gardenia and 0.3 part of pomegranate bark;
a culture pond: every 10-15 days, taking and crushing the following raw materials to obtain traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II, namely 2 parts of garlic, 2 parts of cape jasmine, 0.3 part of fructus ulmi, 0.4 part of bitter bamboo leaf and 0.3 part of apocynum venetum leaf; then, spraying 120-140 kilograms of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II per mu for disinfection, and keeping the water temperature at 20-25 ℃ and the turbidity of the water less than 10%;
4) seedling releasing: before seedling release, potassium permanganate with the concentration of 5 percent is used for 10-15 g/m3Soaking the solution for 2-3 minutes, then putting the solution into clear water for 8-10 minutes, repeating the soaking for 2-3 times, then putting the disinfected crab seedlings into a seedling pool for 10-20 crab seedlings per time, and after all the crab seedlings are slowly scattered, then putting the rest crab seedlings into the seedling pool in the manner;
5) adding water and changing water treatment: the seedling raising pond is changed every 10 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 20cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 50 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 35cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 65 cm;
a culture pond: changing water every 5-8 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 50cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 80 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 65cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 110 cm;
6) bait casting management:
a) the first stage is as follows: feeding twice with bait I1-10 days after the crab larvae are placed in a nursery pond, wherein each bait I is 0.01-0.02 time of the weight of the crab larvae, and comprises the following components: soybean starch, dried snail meat, sweet potato powder and a Chinese herbal medicine additive I, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive I is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.1 to 0.3 portion of liquorice, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of selfheal, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of lightyellow sophora root, 0.05 to 0.07 portion of Chinese taxillus twig, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese date, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese angelica and 0.01 to 0.03 portion of Chinese lobelia;
b) and a second stage: feeding the crabs for 11-20 days after the crabs are placed in a nursery pond for three times every day by adopting bait II, wherein each bait II is 0.07-0.09 time of the weight of the crabs, and comprises the following components: corn starch, screw meat, fish meal and a traditional Chinese medicine additive II, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.2-0.3 part of radix bupleuri, 0.02-0.04 part of cortex acanthopanacis, 0.03-0.06 part of motherwort, 0.1-0.4 part of wild chrysanthemum flower, 0.2-0.4 part of dandelion and 0.1-0.2 part of mint, and the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is put into a grinder to be ground and then passes through a 10-30 mesh screen;
c) and a third stage: feeding the crabs for three times every day by adopting bait II within 5 months after the crabs are transferred from the nursery pond to the culture pond, wherein each crab is fed according to 0.1-0.3 time of the weight of the crab;
d) a fourth stage: after 5 months of transferring the crabs from the nursery pond to the culture pond, feeding the crabs for three times every day by using bait III, wherein each bait III is 0.5 time of the weight of the crab, and comprises the following components: chicken, egg shell powder, meat and bone powder, vitamins and bone powder.
To illustrate the effects of the present invention, comparative experiments were conducted using the following methods:
the invention group: inventive example 2 was used;
control group 1: the method is used in the embodiment 2, but in the step 3), quicklime is directly used for disinfecting the seedling raising pond in the water quality treatment;
control group 2: the method is used in the embodiment 2, but except for the step 3), quicklime is directly used for sterilizing the culture pond in the water quality treatment;
control group 3: the method is used in the embodiment 2, but in the step 3), quicklime is directly used for sterilizing the nursery ponds and the culture ponds in the water quality treatment;
the method provided by the invention is adopted to cultivate 500 river crabs for ten months in the embodiment 2 and the control groups 1-3, and the comparison results are observed and shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 observations after ten months
Group of Survival rate
Invention group 92.5％
Control group 1 82.3％
Control group 2 81.2％
Control group 3 61.2％
According to the invention, in the water quality treatment step, quicklime is not adopted for treating the nursery pond and the culture pond, but a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine components are respectively added during disinfection of the nursery pond and the culture pond, wherein aloe, ginkgo, gardenia, pigeon feces and pomegranate rind have the functions of killing insects and disinfecting, and a single traditional Chinese medicine component can inhibit the growth and reproduction of some or certain pathogenic bacteria or parasites, but the inhibition range is limited; in addition, traditional Chinese medicine components are added into the culture pond, wherein garlic, gardenia, fructus ulmi, bitter bamboo leaves and dogbane leaves have insecticidal effects, the insecticidal and bacteriostatic abilities are greatly improved when the traditional Chinese medicine components are used, and meanwhile, the bitter bamboo leaves and the fructus ulmi have the effects of killing insects, attracting food and promoting digestion, so that the growth of crabs is accelerated; the traditional Chinese medicine components are added in the water quality treatment process, so that the crab water quality treatment agent has the functions of disinfection and sterilization and nutrition, has the advantages of pure nature, no residue, small toxic and side effects, no pollution and various performances, and improves the survival rate and the quality of crabs.

Claims (7)

1. A natural cultivation method of river crabs is characterized in that: the natural culture method of the river crabs comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a pond: is divided into a seedling raising pond and a culture pond; wherein,
a seedling raising pond: selecting a place with sufficient water source, convenient water inlet and drainage, good water quality, no pollution and good air permeability, wherein the area is 0.5-1 mu, the gradient ratio is 0.5: 1-2, a crab ditch with the depth of 0.3-0.4 m and the width of 1-2 m is dug in the pool, anti-escape walls with the height of 50-60 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the pool is 30-40 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 60-70 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with round holes with the diameter of 10-15 cm, and are both provided with a filter screen with the mesh of 50-70; the method comprises the following steps of planting tape grass, alternanthera philoxeroides and red eggs in a pond according to the water plant coverage rate of 50-60%, throwing small stones with the total height of 5-10 cm and the diameter of 2-8 cm, and putting 5-8 kg of peat soil in each mu;
a culture pond: the area of the crab ditch is 2-3 mu, the slope is 1: 2-2.5, crab ditches with the depth of 1-1.5 m and the width of 4-5 m are dug in the crab ditch, escape-preventing walls with the height of 60-70 cm are built around the crab ditch, and plastic films are used as materials; the water level of a shallow water area in the culture pond is 60-70 cm, and the water level of a deep water area is 100-120 cm; the water inlet and the water outlet are both provided with circular holes with the diameter of 12-17 cm and are both provided with 80-100 mesh filter screens; the method is characterized in that hydrilla verticillata, water hyacinth, chlorophyta and green chrysanthemum are used as main materials in the pond, the grass consumption per mu is 13-16kg, the row spacing is 0.8-1m, stones with the total height of 8-12 cm and the diameter of 5-9 cm are thrown in the pond, and in addition, 10-20 kg of peat soil is thrown in each mu;
2) crab larva selection: crab seedlings with the weight of 50-80 g, consistent specification, consistent body color and strong activity;
3) water quality treatment: and (3) sprinkling 90-110 kg of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I for disinfection per mu 12-15 days before crab larvae are put in the nursery pond, and keeping the water temperature at 18-25 ℃, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I is formed by crushing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of aloe powder, 2-3 parts of ginkgo, 0.2-0.4 part of pigeon manure, 1-2 parts of gardenia and 0.1-0.3 part of pomegranate bark;
a culture pond: every 10-15 days, taking the following raw materials to obtain traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II: 1-2 parts of garlic, 1-2 parts of gardenia, 0.1-0.3 part of fructus ulmi, 0.2-0.4 part of bitter bamboo leaf and 0.1-0.3 part of apocynum venetum leaf; then, spraying 120-140 kilograms of traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II per mu for disinfection, and keeping the water temperature at 20-25 ℃;
4) seedling releasing: before seedling release, potassium permanganate is used for 10-15 g/m3Soaking the crab seedlings in the solution for 2-3 minutes, then putting the crab seedlings into clear water for 8-10 minutes, repeating the soaking for 2-3 times, then putting the disinfected crab seedlings into a seedling culture pond according to 10-20 crab seedlings per time, and after all the crab seedlings are slowly scattered, then slowly dispersing the rest crab seedlingsPutting the crab seedlings into a seedling raising pond according to the mode;
5) adding water and changing water treatment: the seedling raising pond is changed every 10 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 20cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 50 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 35cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 65 cm;
a culture pond: changing water every 5-8 days to keep the water quality transparency of the shallow water area above 50cm and the water quality transparency of the deep water area above 80 cm; adding water once in 2-3 days in summer to keep the average water level of the shallow water area at 65cm and the average water level of the deep water area at 110 cm;
6) bait casting management:
a) the first stage is as follows: feeding twice with bait I1-10 days after the crab larvae are placed in a nursery pond, wherein each bait I is 0.01-0.02 time of the weight of the crab larvae, and comprises the following components: soybean starch, dried snail meat, sweet potato powder and a traditional Chinese medicine additive I, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive I is prepared from the following raw materials: licorice, selfheal, radix sophorae flavescentis, parasitic loranthus, Chinese date, Chinese angelica and Chinese lobelia;
b) and a second stage: feeding the crabs for 11-20 days after the crabs are placed in a nursery pond for three times every day by adopting bait II, wherein each bait II is 0.07-0.09 time of the weight of the crabs, and comprises the following components: corn starch, screw meat, fish meal and a traditional Chinese medicine additive II, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is prepared from the following raw materials: the Chinese medicinal additive II is added into a grinder to be ground and then pass through a sieve of 10-30 meshes;
c) and a third stage: feeding the crabs for three times every day by adopting bait II within 5 months after the crabs are transferred from the nursery pond to the culture pond, wherein each crab is fed according to 0.1-0.3 time of the weight of the crab;
d) a fourth stage: after 5 months of transferring the crabs from the nursery pond to the culture pond, feeding the crabs for three times every day by using bait III, wherein each bait III is 0.5 time of the weight of the crab, and comprises the following components: chicken, egg shell powder, meat and bone powder, vitamins and bone powder.
2. The natural cultivation method of river crabs according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder I is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of aloe powder, 2.5 parts of ginkgo, 0.3 part of pigeon manure, 1.5 parts of gardenia and 0.2 part of pomegranate bark.
3. The natural cultivation method of river crabs according to claim 2, wherein: the traditional Chinese medicine mixed powder II is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of garlic, 1.5 parts of gardenia, 0.2 parts of fructus ulmi, 0.3 parts of bitter bamboo leaf and 0.2 parts of apocynum venetum leaf.
4. The natural cultivation method of river crabs as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 4), the concentration of potassium permanganate is 2-5%.
5. The natural cultivation method of river crabs according to claim 4, wherein the natural cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), 1000-1200 crab seedlings are put per mu.
6. The natural cultivation method of river crabs according to claim 4, wherein the natural cultivation method comprises the following steps: the traditional Chinese medicine additive I is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.3 portion of liquorice, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of selfheal, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of lightyellow sophora root, 0.05 to 0.07 portion of Chinese taxillus twig, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese date, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of Chinese angelica and 0.01 to 0.03 portion of Chinese lobelia.
7. The natural cultivation method of river crabs according to claim 6, wherein: the traditional Chinese medicine additive II is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 to 0.3 portion of bupleurum, 0.02 to 0.04 portion of acanthopanax bark, 0.03 to 0.06 portion of motherwort, 0.1 to 0.4 portion of wild chrysanthemum, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of dandelion and 0.1 to 0.2 portion of mint.
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CN106804499A (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-06-09 合肥隆扬农业科技有限公司 A kind of cultural method of river crab
CN106888998A (en) * 2017-02-28 2017-06-27 铜仁市凯盛水产养殖有限公司 A kind of disease prevention method of steamed crab
CN106889000A (en) * 2017-02-28 2017-06-27 铜仁市凯盛水产养殖有限公司 A kind of cultural method of steamed crab
CN107361000A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-11-21 安徽江鲜渔业有限公司 A kind of crab cultural method
CN107926773A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-20 明光市裕阳新材料有限公司 A kind of cultural method of loach
CN108184738A (en) * 2018-03-14 2018-06-22 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 A kind of river crab high-efficiency stepped formula pond breeding method
CN109644915A (en) * 2019-01-29 2019-04-19 钦州学院 The method for improving Eriocheir hepuensis breeding survival rate by control temperature and taking the photograph bait rate

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106804499A (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-06-09 合肥隆扬农业科技有限公司 A kind of cultural method of river crab
CN106888998A (en) * 2017-02-28 2017-06-27 铜仁市凯盛水产养殖有限公司 A kind of disease prevention method of steamed crab
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CN107361000A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-11-21 安徽江鲜渔业有限公司 A kind of crab cultural method
CN107926773A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-20 明光市裕阳新材料有限公司 A kind of cultural method of loach
CN108184738A (en) * 2018-03-14 2018-06-22 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 A kind of river crab high-efficiency stepped formula pond breeding method
CN109644915A (en) * 2019-01-29 2019-04-19 钦州学院 The method for improving Eriocheir hepuensis breeding survival rate by control temperature and taking the photograph bait rate

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