CN113854211B - Method for breeding shrimps in paddy field based on lotus shrimp and bee fish comprehensive breeding mode - Google Patents
Method for breeding shrimps in paddy field based on lotus shrimp and bee fish comprehensive breeding mode Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K47/00—Beehives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding shrimps in a paddy field based on a lotus, shrimp, bee and fish comprehensive breeding mode, which comprises the steps of (1) field engineering, (2) lotus seed cultivation and bee pollination, (3) crayfish stocking and water grass transplanting, and (4) ancherythroculter nigrocauda stocking. Compared with a mode of raising shrimps by planting grass in a rice field without planting rice, a mode of raising shrimps by digging circular groove rice in a rice field together, a traditional rice (lotus) shrimp field, a traditional rice (lotus) fish field and the like, 150-250 jin/mu of lotus seeds are newly added, 25-45 jin/mu of lotus pollen is newly added, 200-300 kg of grown fish per mu in the year and 500 g/tail specification or 50-75 kg of winter fish seeds per mu and 20-25 g/tail specification are produced, and the economic benefit is remarkable. In addition, the mode of the shallow water lotus, the crayfish, the Chinese bee and the ancherythroculter nigrocauda is adopted, the cultivation enthusiasm requirements of farmers are met, the feeding competition relationship with the crayfish is avoided, comprehensive planting and breeding are integrated, and the new mode of planting and breeding the ancherythroculter nigrocauda in the fish field is innovated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive breeding of rice and fish, and particularly relates to a method for breeding crayfish in a paddy field by adopting a comprehensive breeding mode of shallow water lotus, crayfish, chinese bees and culter nigrocauda.
Background
Comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fisheries as a novel composite three-dimensional farmland ecosystem becomes a new direction, a new mode and a new technology of modern ecological cycle agricultural development. A rice (lotus) shrimp field mode belongs to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fisheries. Crayfish, the academic name Procambarus clarkii, has become an important aquatic economic aquaculture animal in China, and is one of the most rapidly-developing and most potential aquaculture species in the aquaculture industry in China at present. At present, the comprehensive breeding mode of the rice and shrimp fields is mostly realized by purchasing shrimp seedlings transported for a long distance (for example, more than 3 hours) at other places, and has the tragic training that the survival rate is not high (the survival rate is weak in the early spring shrimp seedlings and long in the shrimp seedling cage storage time), which causes the case of failed breeding, and in order to meet the technical requirement of breeding the shrimp seedlings on site to improve the survival rate, a rice and shrimp co-culture breeding self-feeding mode of digging a circular ditch in a rice field, a rice and shrimp continuous culture self-feeding mode of not digging the circular ditch in the rice field, a rice and shrimp breeding mode of not planting rice and breeding in the rice field and the like are adopted by a breeding farmer.
Only the idea of the rice field circular trench digging rice and shrimp co-culture seedling culture mode in the three rice field seedling culture modes meets the meaning of comprehensive rice and fish culture, and can meet the comprehensive culture conditions of planting rice and culturing shrimps simultaneously. However, in the current production, "a rice and shrimp co-culture seedling culture mode of digging a circular ditch in a rice field", regular updating of parent shrimp seeds is mostly not performed, the parent shrimp seeds are not put in the same batch in a centralized mode, the parent shrimp breeding and young shrimp breeding processes (aiming at the integrated breeding phenomenon) are not managed accurately, and the like, so that the technical problems of parent shrimp seed quality degradation, irregular batch seedling emergence specifications, low seedling yield and the like exist. Aiming at the development requirements of ' breeding separation and accurate management ' and the defects of ' rice field excavation circular ditch rice and shrimp co-culture seedling self-feeding mode ', the comprehensive planting and breeding mode of shallow water lotus, crayfish, chinese bee and anchovy ' is selected, the breeding separation and accurate management mode is realized in different areas through the key time period of water level adjustment induced spawning and seedling discharging, the crayfish is bred in the paddy field, the seedling yield in the new mode is 400-500 jin/mu, which is 3-5 times of that in the traditional rice (lotus) shrimp field, and the local breeding shrimp seedling requirement of 10-12 mu of rice (lotus) shrimp field can be met per mu. Meanwhile, the Changjiang river characteristic fish Ancherythroculter nigrocauda (called Ancherythroculter nigrocauda for short) is introduced into a comprehensive culture mode of the lotus shrimp field for the first time, and becomes a new object for the comprehensive culture and aquaculture of rice and fishery. The ancherythroculter nigrocauda is tender in meat quality, can filter and eat plankton, is suitable for high-density culture, is preferred for leisure fishing, is deeply favored by common people, and has wide application and development prospects in the field of comprehensive rice and fish culture. The pollination technology of Chinese apis (abbreviated as Chinese bees) is applied to the production practice of comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fisheries for the first time, the pollination problem of lotus flowers in production is solved while the Chinese apis are bred by utilizing a lotus pollen source in a forced group feeding way, and the technical connotation and planting and breeding mode of comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fisheries are further expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for breeding crayfishes in paddy fields by adopting a comprehensive planting and breeding mode of shallow water lotus, crayfishes, chinese bees and black culters.
The invention solves the technical problem through the following technical scheme,
a method for breeding shrimps in a paddy field based on a lotus shrimp and bee fish comprehensive breeding mode, which comprises the following steps,
The field engineering comprises an outer ridge and an inner ridge working area, the inner ridge working area comprises a large ditch, a middle ridge, a paddy field, an inner ridge and a small ditch,
wherein, the periphery of the paddy field is provided with a middle ridge, the inside of the paddy field is provided with a small ditch, the two sides of the small ditch are provided with inner ridges, the outer side of the middle ridge is provided with a large ditch, and the outer side of the large ditch is provided with an outer ridge;
the upper width of the large ditch is 4 meters, the lower width of the large ditch is 1 meter, the ditch depth reaches 1.5 meters below the basic surface of a paddy field, and the slope ratio is 1:1, the area of the large ditch accounts for 6-7% of the area of a working area in the ridge;
the small ditches are 2.5 meters wide at the upper part and 0.5 meter wide at the lower part, the ditches are as deep as 1 meter below the basic surface of the paddy field, and the slope ratio is 1:1, the area of the small ditch accounts for 3-4% of the area of a working area in the ridge;
the outer ridge is 1 meter higher than the basic surface of the paddy field, and the middle ridge and the inner ridge are 0.6 meter higher than the basic surface of the paddy field;
the working area in the ridge is set into five areas, namely a parent shrimp breeding area, a culter breeding area, a juvenile shrimp breeding area, a lotus seed planting area and a beehive placing area through a big ditch, a middle ridge, a paddy field, an inner ridge and a small ditch;
step 1.1, parent shrimp breeding area
The parent shrimp breeding areas are arranged in the large ditches at the outer ridge sides of the south and north of the field project, and the large ditches are in the east-west direction, so that the photosynthesis of plants is facilitated;
step 1.2, culter fish culture area
The large ditches outside the parent shrimp breeding area are used for culter fish culture, and a bait casting platform is arranged in the culter fish culture area;
step 1.3, juvenile shrimp rearing area
The small ditches arranged in the paddy field are used as juvenile shrimp cultivation areas and used for juvenile shrimp cultivation;
the juvenile shrimp breeding area and the parent shrimp breeding area, the culter breeding area and the juvenile shrimp breeding area, and the parent shrimp breeding area and the culter breeding area are separated by using a dam respectively, and the dam is parallel to the basic surface of a paddy field;
step 1.4, a lotus planting area
The paddy field area surrounded by the inner ridge and the middle ridge is a seed lotus planting area;
step 1.5, beehive placing area
The beehive placing areas are arranged on the middle ridges on the east and the west sides, so that the beehive body can be prevented from being solarized by the sun in summer, and a beehive base platform is arranged at the bottom of the beehive body;
Step 2.1, fertilizing the lotus field
After clearing the Ming festival, carrying out first water withdrawal and ditch descending: lowering the water level to the large ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seed planting area, and ensuring that the water level of the large ditch is 1.5 meters and the water level of the small ditch is 1 meter; keeping water in the seed lotus planting area for 10-20 cm;
ploughing and field-leveling a lotus planting area, applying 1000 kg/mu of fermented and cured organic fertilizer, transplanting lotus roots 15 days after applying fertilizer, and planting at the density of 300 plants/mu;
step 2.2, production management
In the month of 4, when the lotus roots grow round leaves, topdressing and seedling lifting are carried out for the first time, compound fertilizer is applied for 3-5 kg/mu, and the water depth of a seed lotus planting area is kept to be 10-20 cm;
and starting in the month 5, carrying out water lifting and field feeding operation on the lotus roots on the premise of ensuring that main stems are exposed out of the water surface after 2-3 vertical leaves grow on the lotus roots and plants become hard: gradually deepening the water level to the water depth of the lotus seed planting area by 20-30 cm;
in the flowering period of 6 months, performing secondary topdressing and fruit setting, applying 3-5 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and 1 kg/mu of borax, and raising and maintaining the water level until the water depth of the lotus planting area is 40-50 cm;
step 2.3, pollinating Chinese bees
Introducing beehives into a beehive placing area at the same time in the flowering period, configuring the beehives according to 1 group/mu, and averagely grouping and placing 5-6 groups of beehives according to the number of configured beehives;
the lotus powder source is utilized to realize strong group breeding, bee bread is rewarded and fed every night, lotus powder is collected regularly, and no insecticide is applied to the lotus field in the whole flowering period;
step 2.4, lotus seed harvesting
In the lotus seed period of 8-9 months, the second water withdrawal is carried out: the water level is gradually reduced to the large ditches and the small ditches below the paddy field of the lotus seedpod planting area, so that the lotus seedpods are picked conveniently;
In the lotus seed setting period in 8-9 months, when the water is retreated for the second time and is drained into the ditch in the step 2.4, the water level is gradually reduced to the large ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seed planting area, and the water level of the large ditch is ensured to be 1.5 meters, and the water level of the small ditch is ensured to be 1 meter; meanwhile, combining with lotus seed harvesting, the culter fish staying in the parent shrimp breeding area and the juvenile shrimp breeding area along with the lotus Tian Tuishui entering the ditch is pulled to be transferred to a culter fish breeding area;
step 3.1, transplanting aquatic weeds in the parent shrimp breeding area
Then, the water level in the big ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area is reduced to 0.4-0.5 m, and aquatic weeds are transplanted, wherein the total area of the transplanted aquatic weeds accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the big ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area;
step 3.2, putting parent shrimps
After the aquatic weeds are transplanted, the water level of a large ditch of a parent shrimp breeding area can be raised to 1.2-1.5 m, then screened high-quality parent shrimps are put into the large ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area, the size is 25-30 tails/kg, the quantity is 50 kg/mu, and the male-female ratio is 2:1, averagely distributing the shrimp seeds into 2 big ditches in a parent shrimp breeding area, enhancing the feeding of the parent shrimps in the big ditches, and feeding a mixture or granular material according to the weight of 3-5 percent of the parent shrimps according to the 'four-season' principle;
step 3.3, sunning the parent shrimps in the ditch
In 9 months in autumn, draining water by 20-30 cm every day, gradually removing water from the water level of the parent shrimp breeding area to the bottom of the ditch until water is 20-30 cm, and keeping the water level of 20-30 cm for 2 weeks to induce the parent shrimps to enter the holes and dry the ditch;
then, gradually injecting water into the parent shrimp breeding area to raise the water level, adding 20-30 cm of water every day until the water level of a large ditch reaches 1.2-1.5 m, and keeping the water level of 1.2-1.5 m to 11 months to induce the egg-carrying shrimps to gradually flow out of the holes, wherein most of the egg-carrying shrimps continuously flow out of the holes to discharge seedlings in 10-11 months in autumn, and a small part of the egg-carrying shrimps which are not synchronously developed flow out of the holes to discharge seedlings in spring next year;
step 3.4, transplanting aquatic weeds in the juvenile shrimp culture area
3.3, when the parent shrimps are exposed in the ditches, the water level in the small ditches of the young shrimp cultivation area is reduced to 0.4-0.5 m, and the aquatic weeds are transplanted, wherein the total area of the transplanted aquatic weeds accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the small ditches of the young shrimp cultivation area;
then, applying enough organic fertilizer in the sulcus of the juvenile shrimp culture area 7 days before the juvenile shrimp enters, and culturing bait organisms;
step 3.5, capturing the juvenile shrimps and selling the parent shrimps
In autumn of 10-11 months, when the big ditches of the parent shrimp breeding area see a large amount of clusters of young shrimps, capturing the young shrimps in the big ditches of the parent shrimp breeding area through a dense-hole ground cage, moving the young shrimps to the small ditches of the young shrimp breeding area for shrimp fry breeding, feeding soybean milk water according to 1 kilogram/mu per day, and synchronously selling the recaptured parent shrimps on the market;
step 3.6, ditch cleaning and aquatic weed transplanting
In winter for 12 months, removing dead grass in the big ditches of the parent shrimp breeding areas and the small ditches of the young shrimp breeding areas, transplanting waterweeds, wherein the area of the transplanted waterweeds respectively accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the big ditches and the small ditches;
synchronously removing dead lotus leaf and lotus stem in the lotus planting area;
then, carrying out water lifting operation to the field, lifting the water level of the lotus seed planting area to more than 60cm, and keeping the water level for 2 months in the next year;
step 3.7, young shrimp culture
Because of the asynchrony of ovary development, partial egg-carrying shrimps in the parent shrimp breeding area need to go out of the hole and discharge seedlings successively 3-4 months after overwintering;
repeating the operation of the step 2.1 after the next year of clearing the Ming festival, gradually lowering the water to the field in combination with the transplanting of the lotus seeds, wherein shrimp larvae are clustered during the period, the shrimp larvae can be placed in a close-meshed ground cage, the young shrimp larvae are moved to a small ditch for cultivation, or temporarily cultivated in a net cage to be sold as spring shrimp larvae, and the recaptured parent shrimps are sold on the market;
in the period of the water outlet, the water quality management of a parent shrimp breeding area and a young shrimp breeding area is enhanced, 4 1.5kw oxygen increasing machines are arranged, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is ensured to be more than 5 mg/L.
Repeating step 2.2 from month 4 to month 6 of the next year;
repeating the steps 2.4 and 3.1-3.4 in 8-9 months of the next year, and gradually lowering water to the field, so that lotus seeds can be picked, parent shrimps can be thrown in the lotus seeds, and the parent shrimps can be induced to dig the tunnel.
In order to obtain better technical effect, the large ditch and the small ditch are connected through PVC water inlet and outlet pipes which are pre-embedded at the bottom of the dam and/or the middle ridge, the PVC water inlet and outlet pipes are isolated by a filter screen or a perforated plate, the large ditch and the small ditch are communicated, a main water inlet and outlet system is connected to a grid, or the PVC water inlet and outlet pipes are plugged by soil on site, so that the large ditch and the small ditch are isolated.
In order to obtain a better technical effect, in the step 1.5, the beehive base platform is further included, is located at the bottom of the beehive body and is used for preventing insects and ants, preventing moisture, placing in groups and facilitating returning of bees to a nest.
In order to obtain better technical effect, the method also comprises the step 1.6 of configuring other facilities, and reserving a machine-ploughing channel with the width of 3-5 meters on one side of a working area in the ridge to reach the seed lotus planting area.
In order to obtain better technical effect, the outer ridge is provided with an escape-proof plastic film, the upper part of the escape-proof plastic film is 50cm higher than the outer ridge, and the lower part of the escape-proof plastic film is buried in the soil by 20 cm.
In order to obtain better technical effect, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at the opposite angles of the field project in the step 1, and the water inlet is filtered by using 80-mesh net bags.
In order to obtain better technical effect, when the water is lifted to the field and/or the water is retreated to the ditch, 2-3 gaps with the length of 1 meter are respectively and temporarily dug on the middle ridge and the inner ridge of the lotus seed planting area; and when the water lifting and field raising and/or the water returning and ditch descending are finished, soil is used for plugging on the spot.
In order to obtain better technical effect, in step 2.3, the front wall of each beehive is coated with different colors, red color is avoided, and 1 playing card placed on the front side is fixed above the hive door of the hive body.
And 2.4, transplanting the lotus roots every year or every three years after the lotus seeds are harvested in step 2.4 to obtain better technical effect.
In order to obtain better technical effect, the aquatic plants transplanted in the step 3.1 and the step 3.4 are submerged plants and floating-leaf plants, the submerged plants are hydrilla verticillata and/or tape grass, and the floating-leaf plants are water lettuce; and 3.6, transplanting waterweeds which are the waterweeds and/or the watermifoil.
In order to obtain better technical effect, the method also comprises a step 4 of stocking the Ancherythroculter nigrocauda, stocking winter fillets fish seeds at 400 tails/mu in 12 months-2 months of the next year or stocking summer fillets at 4000 tails/mu in the current 6 months in a culter farming area, and feeding the special ingredients for the culter according to 3-5% of the weight of the fish according to the 'four definite' principle;
and in the lotus seed setting stage in 8-9 months, combining the step 2.4 of retreating for the second time to drain, and transferring the culter fish retained in the parent shrimp breeding area and the juvenile shrimp breeding area to a culter fish breeding area.
Compared with a shrimp culture and seedling raising mode for planting grass and no rice in a paddy field, the method has the advantages that the aquatic weeds do not directly generate economic benefits, the mode of shallow water lotus, crayfish, chinese bees and Ancherythroculter nigrocauda is adopted, the efficient pollination technology of the Chinese bees is introduced into the comprehensive planting and breeding mode through the cultivation of the water lotus (space lotus No. 36), the lotus seed setting rate is greatly improved, and the income of the paddy field is remarkably increased.
Compared with a rice field circular ditch rice and shrimp co-culture seedling raising mode, the rice field circular ditch rice and shrimp co-culture seedling raising mode is adopted, the mode of the shallow water lotus, the crayfish, the Chinese bee and the anchovy is adopted, the crayfish culture capacity is expanded by regulating the water level of the upper field to 50cm-60cm, and the crayfish culture yield is improved.
Compared with the traditional rice (lotus) shrimp field, aiming at the development requirements of 'breeding separation and accurate management' and the technical problems of 'catching for a shrimp for multiple times and easy death and injury of young shrimps', a parent shrimp breeding area (large ditches are dug inwards along the pond ridge and can be in an annular or rectangular block shape) and a young shrimp breeding area (small ditches are dug in the lotus planting area and can be in a cross ditch or a # -shaped ditch) are arranged through field engineering. In the key stage of inducing parent shrimps to lay eggs in a return ditch, parent shrimps are put in a breeding area by sections through a dam (wild species in Poyang lake water area are selected for purchase, or high-quality parent shrimps are bought or reserved), the parent shrimps are enhanced to feed and induce the parent shrimps to mate, hold eggs and arrange seedlings, large ditches are arranged in two outer ridges on the south and north sides, aquatic grass photosynthesis is facilitated in the east and west directions, the dam height is 1.5 meters, and the dam is flush with the basic surface of a paddy field, the young shrimp breeding area is used for putting young shrimps in sections through the dam and is supplemented with rich water for water conditioning and feeding and breeding shrimp seedlings, the dam height is 1 meter and the dam is flush with the basic surface of the paddy field, so that the key stage regional breeding separation and accurate breeding of the shrimp in the key period are realized, the key point is that the large ditches are specially used for enhancing the parent shrimps and inducing the parent shrimps to lay eggs and arrange the young shrimps, the small ditches are specially used for feeding the young shrimps and breeding the young shrimps, the breeding shrimp seedlings are specially used for catching and the death rate can be reduced obviously when the key stage breeding separation and accurate breeding of the parent shrimps in the key period.
Compared with the traditional rice (lotus) shrimp field, aiming at the production requirements of 'early shrimp culture and big shrimp culture', a 'three-deep two-shallow' water level regulation method is adopted, the lotus is transplanted and seedling stage in 4-5 months, the shrimp seed stage is put at the bottom of 8 months and the seed stage is collected in 9 months all the year round, except that the water is required to be removed and the water is put into a ditch in the 9-11 month breeding stage and the young shrimp culture stage, the paddy field can keep a higher water level of 50-60 cm on the basic surface of the paddy field for a longer time, and the production requirements of providing autumn shrimp seedlings and early spring shrimp seedlings can be met. Compared with the rice shrimp field, the water level of the lotus shrimp field in the high water level period is increased by 30cm-40cm, so that a further culture space is provided for ensuring the growth of the macrobrachium.
Compared with the traditional rice (lotus) fish field, aiming at the situation that the culture benefits of a large amount of freshwater fish are not high enough in an on-the-go manner, the Changjiang river water system special fish Ancherythroculter nigrocauda is selected as a comprehensive culture object in the lotus field, and the rice (lotus) fish field can filter and eat plankton and compound feed and is suitable for culture with higher density. The invention produces 200-300 kg of fish per mu at the end of the year, and the specification is more than 500 g/tail, or 50-75 kg of winter fillet fish seeds per mu, and the specification is 20-25 g/tail.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
A method for breeding shrimps in a paddy field based on a lotus shrimp and bee fish comprehensive breeding mode, which comprises the following steps,
The field engineering comprises an outer ridge 6 and an inner ridge working area, the inner ridge working area comprises a large ditch, a middle ridge 7, a paddy field, an inner ridge 8 and a small ditch,
wherein the area of the paddy field is 20-30 mu, the periphery of the paddy field is provided with a middle ridge 7, the inside of the paddy field is provided with small ditches, the two sides of the small ditches are provided with inner ridges 8, the outer side of the middle ridge 7 is provided with a large ditch, and the outer side of the large ditch is provided with an outer ridge 6;
the upper width of the large ditch is 4 meters, the lower width of the large ditch is 1 meter, the ditch depth reaches 1.5 meters below the basic surface of a paddy field, and the slope ratio is 1:1, the area of the large ditch accounts for 6-7% of the area of a working area in the ridge;
the small ditches are 2.5 meters wide at the upper part and 0.5 meter wide at the lower part, the ditches are as deep as 1 meter below the basic surface of the paddy field, and the slope ratio is 1:1, the area of the small ditch accounts for 3-4% of the area of a working area in the ridge;
the outer ridge 6 is 1 meter higher than the basic surface of the paddy field, and the middle ridge 7 and the inner ridge 8 are 0.6 meter higher than the basic surface of the paddy field;
the working area in the ridge is set into five areas, namely a parent shrimp breeding area 1, a culter breeding area 2, a juvenile shrimp breeding area 3, a lotus seed planting area 4 and a beehive placing area 5 through a large ditch, a middle ridge 7, a paddy field, an inner ridge 8, a small ditch and a dam 9;
step 1.1, parent shrimp breeding area 1
The parent shrimp breeding area 1 is arranged in a large ditch at the outer ridge 6 side of the south and north of the field project, the large ditch is in the east-west direction, which is convenient for plant photosynthesis, and the east-west direction is convenient for aquatic weed photosynthesis;
step 1.2, culter fish culture area 2
The big sulcus outside the parent shrimp breeding area 1 is used for culter culture, and 2 bait casting tables are arranged in the culter culture area 2;
step 1.3, juvenile shrimp rearing area 3
A small ditch arranged in the paddy field is a juvenile shrimp cultivation area 3 for juvenile shrimp cultivation;
the juvenile shrimp breeding area 3 and the parent shrimp breeding area, the culter breeding area 2 and the juvenile shrimp breeding area 3, and the parent shrimp breeding area and the culter breeding area 2 are separated by a dam 9 respectively, and the dam 9 is flush with the basic surface of a paddy field;
the large ditches and the small ditches are connected through PVC water inlet and outlet pipes 10 which are pre-embedded at the bottoms of the dam 9 and/or the middle ridge 7, the PVC water inlet and outlet pipes 10 are isolated by filter screens or perforated plates, the large ditches and the small ditches are communicated, a main water inlet and outlet system is connected to a grid, or the PVC water inlet and outlet pipes are plugged by soil on site to realize the isolation of the large ditches and the small ditches;
step 1.4, a lotus planting area 4
The paddy field area surrounded by the inner ridge 8 and the middle ridge 7 is a seed lotus planting area 4, and four blocks are arranged in the embodiment;
step 1.5, beehive placing area 5
The beehive placing areas 5 are arranged on the middle ridges 7 on the east and the west sides, so that the beehive body can be prevented from being solarized by the sun in summer, and a beehive base platform is arranged at the bottom of the beehive body and used for preventing insects and ants and moisture and is placed in groups, so that bees can return to a nest conveniently;
step 1.6, other facilities configuration
Reserving a mechanical plough channel 13 with the width of 3-5 meters on one side edge of the field engineering to reach the seed lotus planting area 4, so that the lotus Tian Jixie can be ploughed conveniently;
the outer ridge 6 is provided with an escape-proof plastic film, the upper part of the escape-proof plastic film is 650 cm higher than the outer ridge, the lower part of the escape-proof plastic film is buried in the soil by 20 cm, the opposite corners of the field project are respectively provided with a water inlet 11 and a water outlet 12, and the water inlet 11 is filtered by a 80-mesh net bag;
when the water is lifted to the field and the water is returned to the ditch, 2-3 gaps with the length of 1 meter are dug temporarily on the middle ridge 7 and the inner ridge 8 of the lotus seedlingplanting area 4 respectively to achieve the intercommunication of the paddy field and the big ditch and the small ditch and the entrance and exit of fishes and shrimps in the lotus seedlingplanting area 4, and when the water is lifted to the field and the water is returned to the ditch, soil is used for plugging on the spot;
Step 2.1, fertilizing lotus field
After clearing the Ming festival, carrying out first water withdrawal and ditch descending: lowering the water level to the large ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seed planting area 4, and ensuring that the water level of the large ditch is 1.5 meters and the water level of the small ditch is 1 meter; the water in the seed lotus planting area 4 is 10-20 cm;
ploughing and field-leveling the lotus planting area 4, applying fermented and cured organic fertilizer 1000 kg/mu, and transplanting lotus roots 15 days after applying fertilizer, wherein the embodiment adopts space lotus 36 with planting density of 300 plants/mu;
step 2.2, production management
In the month of 4, when the lotus roots grow round leaves, topdressing and seedling lifting are carried out for the first time, compound fertilizer is applied for 3-5 kg/mu, and the water depth of a seed lotus planting area 4 is kept to be 10-20 cm;
and starting in the month 5, carrying out water lifting and field feeding operation on the lotus roots on the premise of ensuring that main stems are exposed out of the water surface after 2-3 vertical leaves grow on the lotus roots and plants become hard: gradually deepening the water level to the water depth of the seed lotus planting area 4 by 20-30 cm;
in the flowering period of 6 months, performing secondary additional fertilizer and fruit setting, applying compound fertilizer 3-5 kg/mu and borax 1 kg/mu, and raising and maintaining the water level to the water depth of the seedpod planting area 4 of 40-50 cm;
step 2.3, pollinating Chinese bees
Introducing a beehive entrance beehive placing area 5 at the flowering time of 6 months, arranging beehive base tables according to 1 group/mu configuration, wherein 1 group of 5-6 groups are arranged, the beehive is evenly grouped according to the number of the configured beehives, the front wall of each beehive is coated with different colors and is red-avoided, and 1 playing card which is placed in the front is fixed above a hive door of a hive body, so that bees can conveniently position and identify the hive in an auxiliary manner;
the lotus powder source is utilized to realize strong group breeding, bee bread is rewarded and fed every night, lotus powder is collected regularly, and no insecticide is applied to the lotus field in the whole flowering period;
step 2.4, lotus seed harvesting
In the lotus seed period of 8-9 months, the second water-withdrawal and ditch-descending operation is carried out: the water level is gradually reduced to the big ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seedpod planting area 4, so that the lotus seedpods are picked conveniently;
150-250 jin/mu of lotus seeds are newly added in the whole flowering period, 25-45 jin/mu of lotus pollen is newly added, 3 years of planting of space lotus can be guaranteed without transplanting every year, 3 years of planting are later cleared and changed, and other lotus seeds are regularly cleared and changed according to respective growth periods;
In the lotus seed setting period in 8-9 months, when the water is retreated for the second time and is drained into the ditch in the step 2.4, the water level is gradually reduced to the large ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seed planting area 4, and the water level of the large ditch is ensured to be 1.5 meters, and the water level of the small ditch is ensured to be 1 meter; meanwhile, combining with lotus seed harvesting, the culter fish staying in the parent shrimp breeding area 1 and the juvenile shrimp breeding area 3 along with the lotus Tian Tuishui entering the ditch is pulled to be transferred to the culter fish breeding area 2;
step 3.1, transplanting aquatic weeds in the parent shrimp breeding area 1
Then, the water level in the large ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area 1 is reduced to 0.4-0.5 m, the hydrilla verticillata and the eel grass of the submerged plant are transplanted, meanwhile, the floating-leaf plant water lettuce is transplanted for assisting in cooling and shading, and the total area of the transplanted hydrilla verticillata, the eel grass and the transplanted floating-leaf plant water lettuce accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the large ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area 1;
step 3.2, putting parent shrimps
After the aquatic weeds are transplanted, the water level of a large ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area 1 can be raised to 1.2-1.5 m, then screened high-quality parent shrimps are put in, the embodiment selectively purchases wild species in the Poyang lake water area or high-quality parent shrimp species in the province to the large ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area 1, the specification is 25-30 tails/kg, the number is 50 kg/mu, and the male-female ratio is 2:1, averagely distributing the shrimp seeds into 2 big ditches in a parent shrimp breeding area 1, feeding the parent shrimps in the big ditches in an intensified mode, feeding mixed materials or granular materials according to the weight of 3% -5% of the parent shrimps according to the 'four-season' principle, and reserving the shrimp seeds every year and selectively purchasing the parent shrimps for feeding;
step 3.3, sunning the parent shrimps in the ditch
In 9 months in autumn, 20-30 cm of water is drained every day, the water level of the parent shrimp breeding area 1 is gradually drained to the bottom of the ditch until 20-30 cm of water is reserved, and the water level of 20-30 cm is kept for 2 weeks to induce the parent shrimps to enter the holes and dry the ditch;
then, gradually injecting water into the parent shrimp breeding area 1 to raise the water level, adding 20-30 cm of water every day until the water level of a large ditch reaches 1.2-1.5 m, and keeping the water level of 1.2-1.5 m to 11 months to induce the egg-carrying shrimps to gradually go out of the holes, wherein most of the egg-carrying shrimps successively go out of the holes to discharge seedlings in 10-11 months in autumn, and a small part of the egg-carrying shrimps which are not synchronously developed go out of the holes to discharge seedlings in spring of the second year;
step 3.4, 3 transplanting aquatic plants in the juvenile shrimp culture area
When the parent shrimps are exposed to the sun in the ditch in the step 3.3, the water level in the small ditch of the young shrimp culture area 3 is reduced to 0.4-0.5 m, the hydrilla verticillata and the eel grass are transplanted, meanwhile, the floating-leaf plant water lettuce is transplanted for assisting in cooling and shading, and the total area of the transplanted hydrilla verticillata, the eel grass and the transplanted floating-leaf plant water lettuce accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the small ditch of the young shrimp culture area 3;
then, applying enough organic fertilizer in the minor groove of the juvenile shrimp culture area 3 7 days before the juvenile shrimp enters, and culturing bait organisms;
step 3.5, capturing the juvenile shrimps and selling the parent shrimps
In autumn of 10-11 months, when the big ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area 1 sees a large amount of juvenile shrimps clustered, capturing the juvenile shrimps in the big ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area 1 through a dense-hole ground cage, moving the juvenile shrimps to a small ditch of a juvenile shrimp breeding area 3 for shrimp seedling breeding, feeding soybean milk water according to 1 kilogram/mu per day, and synchronously selling the recaptured parent shrimps on the market;
step 3.6, ditch cleaning and aquatic weed transplanting
In winter for 12 months, removing dead grass in a large ditch of a parent shrimp breeding area 1 and a small ditch of a young shrimp breeding area 3, transplanting waterweed and watermifoil, and transplanting water grass with the area accounting for 40-50% of the total area of the large ditch and the small ditch respectively;
synchronously removing the withered lotus leaf and lotus stem in the lotus seed planting area;
then, carrying out water lifting operation to the field, lifting the water level of the lotus seed planting area 4 to be more than 60cm, and keeping the water level to be 2 months in the next year to ensure that young shrimps and culter fishes safely overwinter;
step 3.7, culturing the juvenile shrimps
Due to the asynchrony of ovary development, the egg-carrying shrimps in the parent shrimp breeding area 1 need to go out of the hole and discharge the seedlings successively in the next 3-4 months after overwintering;
repeating the operation of the step 2.1 after the next year of clearing the Ming festival, gradually lowering the water and putting the field in combination with the transplanting of the lotus seeds, placing a dense ground cage if the shrimp seedlings are clustered during the period, transferring the young shrimp seedlings to a small ditch for cultivation, or temporarily cultivating the young shrimp seedlings in a net cage for sale as spring shrimp seedlings, and selling the recaptured parent shrimps on the market;
in the period of the water outlet, the water quality management of the parent shrimp breeding area 1 and the juvenile shrimp breeding area 3 is enhanced, 4 1.5kw of oxygen increasing machines are arranged to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body is more than 5 mg/L;
repeating the step 2.2 from month 4 to month 6 of the next year;
repeating the steps 2.4, 3.1 and 3.4 from 8 months to 9 months in the next year, and gradually lowering water to the field, so that lotus seeds are picked, parent shrimps are put in and induced to dig a tunnel;
the yield per mu of the shrimp seedlings in the whole year is 400-500 jin (the yield of the partially recaptured parent shrimps is not counted), which is 3-5 times of that of the traditional rice shrimp field, and the shrimp seedlings produced per mu can meet the requirement of stocking the shrimp seedlings on the spot in the rice (lotus) shrimp field of 10-12 mu;
Breeding 400 winter fillets per mu in 12 months-2 months of the next year or 4000 summer fillets per mu in 6 months of the current year in a culter breeding area 2, and feeding a special compound feed for the culter according to 3% -5% of the weight of the fish according to the 'four days' principle;
and (3) in the lotus seed setting period of 8-9 months, performing secondary water withdrawal and ditch setting in the step 2.4, transferring the culter fish retained in the parent shrimp breeding area 1 and the juvenile shrimp breeding area 3 to the culter fish breeding area 2, enhancing the water quality management of the culter fish breeding area 2, and arranging 2 1.5kw automatic aerator machines to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body is more than 5 mg/L.
The yield of grown fish is 200-300 kg per mu at the end of the year, and the specification is more than 500 g/tail, or the yield of winter-fillet fingerling is 50-75 kg per mu, and the specification is 20-25 g/tail.
The invention has the following innovations:
1. compared with a mode of planting grass in a paddy field and not planting rice and cultivating shrimps and raising seedlings, the method has the advantages that economic benefits are not directly generated by the grass, the mode of shallow water lotus, crayfish, chinese bee and anchovy is adopted, the efficient pollination technology of Chinese bees in China is introduced into the comprehensive planting mode through the cultivation of the seed lotus (space lotus No. 36), the seed setting rate of lotus seeds is greatly improved, and the income of a paddy field is remarkably increased. In the full-bloom period of 7-8 months, 1 colony of beehives is allocated per mu, and the bee colony is rewarded and fed every night, so that the purpose of strong colony feeding for overwintering of the bee colony is achieved by using the lotus pollen source. 150-250 jin of lotus seeds are newly added in each mu of the whole flowering period, and 25-45 jin of lotus powder is newly added in each mu.
2. Compared with a mode of co-cropping rice and shrimp seedlings by excavating the circular furrows in the rice field, the mode of shallow water lotus, crayfish, chinese bee and anchovy is adopted, the water level of the upper field is regulated to 50cm-60cm (4-5 month lotus transplanting and seedling stage, 8 month bottom shrimp seed laying stage and 9 month seed picking stage, except for the water withdrawal and furrow setting stage in the 9-11 month breeding stage and the juvenile shrimp breeding stage), the crayfish breeding capacity is increased, and the crayfish breeding yield is improved. And in the later period of summer, 100 jin/mu of parent shrimp seeds are put into the large ditch in 8 months, meanwhile, the feeding of parent shrimps is enhanced, and the feeding is stopped after the parent shrimps are induced to enter the holes and hold eggs in 9 months. In late autumn 10-11 months, the parent shrimps and the shrimp seedlings are induced by adding water, and then the parent shrimps and the shrimp seedlings are caught by a dense-hole ground cage and moved to a ditch for shrimp seedling cultivation, the parent shrimps are caught again for sale, and the shrimp seedlings are planted in the field on the water level for later overwintering. Because of the asynchrony of ovary development, part of the shrimps with eggs need to go out of the hole and arrange the fries in succession 3-4 months after overwintering, at the moment, the water level can be gradually reduced or the shrimps fall into the ditch after being retreated, so that the shrimps in early spring can be conveniently captured and sold through a dense-eye ground cage or can be sold after being temporarily cultured and cultivated in net cages in large and small ditches, and the captured parent shrimps are sold together. The yield per mu of crayfish seedlings in the whole year is 400-500 jin, the specification is 100-250 kg, and the yield per mu is 3-5 times of that of the traditional rice and shrimp field. The method can meet the requirement of stocking 10-12 mu of rice (lotus) shrimp field in situ, especially the requirement of stocking non-circular groove or flat plate type rice (lotus) shrimp field in situ, and obviously improves the survival rate of young shrimps.
3. Compared with the traditional rice (lotus) shrimp field, aiming at the development requirements of 'breeding separation and accurate management' and the technical problems of 'catching for a shrimp for multiple times and easy death and injury of young shrimps', a parent shrimp breeding area 1 (large ditches are dug inwards along the pond ridge and can be in an annular or rectangular block shape) and a young shrimp breeding area 3 (small ditches are dug in the lotus seed area and can be in a cross ditch or a # -shaped ditch) are arranged through field engineering. In the key stage of inducing spawning in the subsiding ditch, the parent shrimp breeding area 1 adopts a water passing dam 9 to breed parent shrimps in sections (wild species in Yanghu water area or outsourcing or reserving high-quality parent shrimps), strengthen parent shrimp feeding and induce parent shrimp mating, spawning and seedling discharging, large ditches are arranged in two outer ridges 6 in the south and north, aquatic and grass photosynthesis is facilitated in the east and west direction, the water passing dam 9 is 1.5 meters high and level with the basic surface of the paddy field, and 2 oxygen increasing machines of 1.5km are arranged. The juvenile shrimp culture area 3 adopts the dam 9 to put in a stocking juvenile shrimp in sections and is supplemented with rich water for water transfer and shrimp seedling feeding, the dam 9 is 1 m high and flush with the basic surface of a paddy field, and 2 oxygen increasing machines of 1.5km are arranged, so that the periodical regional breeding separation and accurate culture in the key period are realized. The culter breeding area 2 and the parent shrimp breeding area 1 are arranged on two outer ridges 6 at east and west sides in a large ditch, the large ditch is separated from the parent shrimp breeding area 1 by a water passing dam 9 in a staggered way, the water passing dam 9 is 1.5 meters high and is level with the basic surface of a paddy field, 2 1.5km oxygen increasing machines are arranged, and 2 feeding tables are arranged. The beehive placing areas 5 are arranged on both sides of the east and west sides of the inner ridge 8, the beehive placing areas are convenient to avoid sun exposure in summer in the north and south directions, a beehive base platform is arranged and put in groups, the front walls of the beehives are coated with different colors (the main color is red-forbidden), and 1 front playing card is nailed by a staple above a hive body nest door to facilitate auxiliary positioning and nest recognition of bees. The paddy field area above the large and small ditches is a lotus seed planting area 4.
4. Compared with the traditional rice (lotus) shrimp field, aiming at the production requirements of early shrimp culture and large shrimp culture, a water level regulation method of three depths and two shallows is adopted, the water level regulation method is adopted, the transplanting and seedling stage of the lotus seedings in 4-5 months, the shrimp seed stage at the bottom of 8 months and the seed picking stage in 9 months are removed all the year round, and the water level of the paddy field can be kept higher for a longer time except that the water needs to be returned to a ditch in the breeding stage in 9-11 months and the young shrimp culture stage, so that the production requirements of providing spring seedlings, particularly early spring seedlings can be met. Compared with the rice shrimp field, the water level of the lotus shrimp field in the high water level period is increased by 30cm-40cm, so that a further culture space is provided for ensuring the growth of the shrimps.
5. Compared with the traditional rice (lotus) fish field, aiming at the situation that the culture benefits of a large amount of freshwater fish are not high enough in an on-the-go manner, the Changjiang river water system special fish Ancherythroculter nigrocauda is selected as a comprehensive culture object in the lotus field, and the rice (lotus) fish field can filter and eat plankton and compound feed and is suitable for culture with higher density. The method has the advantages that the mode of the shallow water lotus, the crayfish, the Chinese bee and the ancherythroculter nigrocauda is adopted, the cultivation enthusiasm requirement of farmers is met, the feeding competitive relation with the crayfish does not exist, the leisure fishery elements are integrated for cultivation, and the new mode of cultivating the ancherythroculter nigrocauda in the fish field is created.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding shrimps in a paddy field based on a lotus shrimp and bee fish comprehensive breeding mode, which comprises the following steps,
step 1, field engineering
The field engineering comprises an outer ridge and an inner ridge working area, the inner ridge working area comprises a large ditch, a middle ridge, a paddy field, an inner ridge and a small ditch,
wherein, the periphery of the paddy field is provided with a middle ridge, the inside of the paddy field is provided with a small ditch, the two sides of the small ditch are provided with inner ridges, the outer side of the middle ridge is provided with a large ditch, and the outer side of the large ditch is provided with an outer ridge;
the width of the big ditch is 4 meters, the width of the big ditch is 1 meter, the ditch depth reaches 1.5 meters below the basic surface of the paddy field, and the slope ratio is 1:1, the area of the large ditch accounts for 6-7% of the area of a working area in the ridge;
the small ditch is 2.5 meters wide at the top and 0.5 meters wide at the bottom, the depth of the ditch reaches 1 meter below the basic surface of the paddy field, and the slope ratio is 1:1, the area of the small ditch accounts for 3-4% of the area of the working area in the ridge;
the outer ridge is 1 meter higher than the basic surface of the paddy field, and the middle ridge and the inner ridge are 0.6 meter higher than the basic surface of the paddy field;
the working area in the ridge is set into five areas, namely a parent shrimp breeding area, a culter breeding area, a juvenile shrimp breeding area, a sullage planting area and a beehive placing area through a big ditch, a middle ridge, a paddy field, an inner ridge and a small ditch;
step 1.1, parent shrimp breeding area
The parent shrimp breeding areas are arranged in the large ditches at the outer ridge sides of the south and north sides of the field project, and the large ditches are in the east-west direction;
step 1.2, culter fish culture area
The large ditches outside the parent shrimp breeding area are used for culter fish culture, and a bait casting platform is arranged in the culter fish culture area;
step 1.3, juvenile shrimp rearing area
The small ditches arranged in the paddy field are used as juvenile shrimp cultivation areas and used for juvenile shrimp cultivation;
the juvenile shrimp breeding area and the parent shrimp breeding area, the culter breeding area and the juvenile shrimp breeding area, and the parent shrimp breeding area and the culter breeding area are separated by using a dam respectively, and the dam is level to the basic surface of a paddy field;
step 1.4, a lotus planting area
The paddy field area surrounded by the inner ridge and the middle ridge is a seed lotus planting area;
step 1.5, beehive placing area
The beehive placing area is arranged on the middle ridges at the east and the west;
step 2, cultivation of the seed lotus and pollination of the bees
Step 2.1, fertilizing the lotus field
After clearing the Ming festival, performing first water withdrawal and ditch laying: lowering the water level to the large ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seed planting area, and ensuring that the water level of the large ditch is 1.5 meters and the water level of the small ditch is 1 meter; water is left in the water reserving area of the seed lotus for 10-20 cm;
ploughing and field-leveling a lotus planting area, applying 1000 kg/mu of fermented and cured organic fertilizer, transplanting lotus roots 15 days after applying fertilizer, and planting at the density of 300 plants/mu;
step 2.2, production management
In the month of 4, when the lotus roots grow round leaves, topdressing and seedling lifting are carried out for the first time, compound fertilizer is applied for 3-5 kg/mu, and the water depth of a seed lotus planting area is kept to be 10-20 cm;
and (3) starting in month 5, lifting the lotus roots to land on the water on the premise of ensuring that main stems are exposed out of the water surface after 2-3 standing leaves grow on the lotus roots and the plants become hard: gradually deepening the water level to the water depth of the lotus seed planting area by 20-30 cm;
in the flowering period of 6 months, performing secondary topdressing and fruit setting, applying 3-5 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and 1 kg/mu of borax, and raising and maintaining the water level until the water depth of the lotus planting area is 40-50 cm;
step 2.3, pollinating Chinese bees
Introducing beehives into a beehive placing area at the same time in the flowering period, configuring the beehives according to 1 group/mu, and averagely grouping and placing 5-6 groups of beehives according to the number of configured beehives;
the lotus powder source is utilized to realize strong group breeding, bee bread is rewarded and fed every night, and lotus powder is collected regularly;
step 2.4, lotus seed harvesting
In the lotus seed period of 8-9 months, the second water withdrawal is carried out: the water level is gradually reduced to the large ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seed planting area, so that the lotus seeds can be picked conveniently;
step 3, stocking crayfishes and transplanting waterweeds
In the lotus seed setting period in 8-9 months, when the water is retreated for the second time and is drained into the ditch in the step 2.4, the water level is gradually reduced to the large ditch and the small ditch below the paddy field of the lotus seed planting area, and the water level of the large ditch is ensured to be 1.5 meters, and the water level of the small ditch is ensured to be 1 meter;
step 3.1, transplanting aquatic weeds in the parent shrimp breeding area
Then, the water level in the big ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area is reduced to 0.4-0.5 m, and aquatic weeds are transplanted, wherein the total area of the transplanted aquatic weeds accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the big ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area;
step 3.2, putting parent shrimps
After the aquatic weeds are transplanted, the water level of a large ditch of a parent shrimp breeding area can be raised to 1.2-1.5 m, then screened high-quality parent shrimps are put into the large ditch of the parent shrimp breeding area, the size is 25-30 tails/kg, the quantity is 50 kg/mu, and the male-female ratio is 2:1, averagely distributing the shrimp seeds into 2 big ditches in a parent shrimp breeding area, enhancing the feeding of the parent shrimps in the big ditches, and feeding a mixture or a granular material according to the weight of 3-5 percent of the parent shrimps according to the 'four-season' principle;
step 3.3, sunning the parent shrimps in the ditch
In 9 months in autumn, draining 20-30 cm of water every day, gradually removing the water level of the parent shrimp breeding area to the bottom of the ditch until the water is 20-30 cm, and keeping the water level of 20-30 cm for 2 weeks;
then, gradually injecting water into the parent shrimp breeding area to raise the water level, adding 20-30 cm of water every day until the water level of the large ditch reaches 1.2-1.5 m, and keeping the water level of 1.2-1.5 m to 11 months;
step 3.4, transplanting aquatic weeds in the juvenile shrimp culture area
3.3, when the parent shrimps are exposed in the ditches, the water level in the small ditches of the young shrimp cultivation area is reduced to 0.4-0.5 m, and the aquatic weeds are transplanted, wherein the total area of the transplanted aquatic weeds accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the small ditches of the young shrimp cultivation area;
then, applying enough organic fertilizer in the sulcus of the juvenile shrimp culture area 7 days before the juvenile shrimp enters, and culturing bait organisms;
step 3.5, capturing the juvenile shrimps and selling the parent shrimps
In autumn 10-11 months, when the large ditches of the parent shrimp breeding area see large amount of juvenile shrimps clustered, capturing the juvenile shrimps in the large ditches of the parent shrimp breeding area through a dense-hole ground cage, moving the juvenile shrimps to the small ditches of the juvenile shrimp breeding area for shrimp seedling breeding, feeding soybean milk water according to 1 kilogram/mu per day, and synchronously selling the recaptured parent shrimps on the market;
step 3.6, ditch cleaning and aquatic weed transplanting
In 12 months in winter, dead grass in the big ditches of parent shrimp breeding areas and the small ditches of young shrimp breeding areas is removed, aquatic grass is transplanted, and the area of the transplanted aquatic grass respectively accounts for 40% -50% of the total area of the big ditches and the small ditches;
synchronously removing dead lotus leaf and lotus stem in the lotus planting area;
then, carrying out water lifting operation to the field, lifting the water level of the lotus seed planting area to more than 60cm, and keeping the water level for 2 months in the next year;
step 3.7, culturing the juvenile shrimps
Repeating the step 2.1 after the next year of clearing the Ming festival, and when the shrimp larvae are returned and put into the ditches in the step 2.1, if shrimp larvae are clustered, placing a dense-hole ground cage, breeding the young shrimps Miao Yizhi in the small ditches of a young shrimp breeding area, or temporarily breeding the young shrimps in a net cage to serve as spring shrimp larvae for sale, and selling the recaptured parent shrimps on the market;
repeating the step 2.2 from month 4 to month 6 of the next year;
repeating the steps 2.4, 3.1 to 3.4 from 8 months to 9 months in the next year, and gradually lowering water to the farmland.
2. The method for raising shrimps in a paddy field based on the lotus shrimp, bee and fish comprehensive breeding mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1.5, the method further comprises a beehive base table, and the beehive base table is located at the bottom of the beehive body.
3. The method for cultivating the shrimps in the paddy field based on the integrated cultivation mode of the lotus, the shrimp and the fish as claimed in claim 1, further comprising step 1.6 of arranging other facilities, and reserving a machine-ploughing channel with the width of 3-5 m on one side of the working area in the ridge to reach the lotus seed cultivation area.
4. The method for raising shrimps in a paddy field based on the comprehensive breeding mode of the lotus shrimps, the bees and the fishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer ridge is provided with an escape-proof plastic film, the upper part of the escape-proof plastic film is 50cm higher than the outer ridge, and the lower part of the escape-proof plastic film is buried in the soil by 20 cm.
5. The method for cultivating the shrimps in the paddy field based on the comprehensive cultivation mode of the lotus, the shrimps, the bees and the fish in the step 1 is characterized in that a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at the opposite corners of the field project in the step 1, and the water inlet is filtered by using an 80-mesh bag.
6. The method for raising shrimps in paddy fields based on the integrated breeding mode of the lotus shrimps and the honeybees as claimed in claim 1, wherein 2-3 gaps with the length of 1 meter are temporarily dug on the middle ridge and the inner ridge of the lotus planting area respectively when the water is lifted to the field and/or the water is drained to the ditch; and when the water lifting and field raising and/or the water returning and ditch descending are finished, soil is used for plugging on the spot.
7. The method for raising shrimps in paddy field based on the lotus shrimp and bee fish comprehensive breeding mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2.3, the front wall of each beehive is painted with different colors and is prohibited from being red, and 1 playing card placed on the front side is fixed above the hive body nest door.
8. The method for cultivating the shrimps in the paddy field based on the comprehensive cultivation mode of the lotus, the shrimps and the fishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2.4, after the lotus seeds are harvested, lotus roots are transplanted every year or every three years.
9. The method for raising shrimps in a paddy field based on the comprehensive breeding mode of the lotus shrimps, the bees and the fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aquatic plants transplanted in the steps 3.1 and 3.4 are submerged plants and floating-leaf plants, the submerged plants are hydrilla verticillata and/or tape grass, and the floating-leaf plants are water lettuce; and 3.6, transplanting waterweeds which are the waterweeds and/or the watermifoil.
10. The method for cultivating the shrimps in the paddy field based on the integrated cultivation mode of the lotus, the shrimps and the fishes as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step 4 of stocking the culter nigrocauda,
stocking winter fillets in 400 tails/mu in 12 months-2 months of the next year or intercropping summer fillets in 4000 tails/mu in 6 months of the current year in a culter farming area, and feeding a special compound feed for the culter according to 3% -5% of the weight of the fish according to the 'four days' principle;
and in the lotus seed setting stage in 8-9 months, combining the step 2.4 of retreating for the second time to drain, and transferring the culter fish retained in the parent shrimp breeding area and the juvenile shrimp breeding area to a culter fish breeding area.
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