CN104621053A - Earthworm breeding method through photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic multi-span greenhouse) - Google Patents
Earthworm breeding method through photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic multi-span greenhouse) Download PDFInfo
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- CN104621053A CN104621053A CN201510114423.0A CN201510114423A CN104621053A CN 104621053 A CN104621053 A CN 104621053A CN 201510114423 A CN201510114423 A CN 201510114423A CN 104621053 A CN104621053 A CN 104621053A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of producing and processing of agricultural industries, and relates to an earthworm breeding method through a photovoltaic facility (a photovoltaic multi-span greenhouse). The earthworm breeding method comprises the following steps: preparing a field, preparing a feed, preparing an appliance, stocking earthworms, managing feeding and harvesting the earthworms. According to the invention, agricultural wastes, landscaping wastes and feces of livestock and poultries are fermented in a mixed manner and used as an earthworm feeding substrate; therefore, the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution are solved; furthermore, an abundant and reasonable carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and the like in the feed can be ensured; the production rate and the growth quality of the earthworms are increased; the feeding substrate is sufficiently fermented by adding EM bacterial solution in a composting process; therefore, breeding of harmful bacteria can be effectively inhibited; the number of beneficial bacterial colonies is increased; the disease resistance of the earthworms is enhanced; the earthworms grow rapidly and are high in reproductive rate; the output rate of the earthworms is about 9.2 kg/cm; a seedling bed is arranged over an earthworm breeding bed in a bridging manner; breeding and planting are combined in a three-dimensional manner; the space is sufficiently utilized; the comprehensive cost is low; by utilizing a solar energy photoelectric integrated technology, a proper growth environment is provided for the earthworms and crops through an automatic intelligent control system, and therefore, energy consumption can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural industry to produce and processing technique field, specifically, relate to a kind of photovoltaic facility vermiculture technology.
Background technology
Earthworm is a kind of multifunctional bio resource, containing rich in protein, fat, sugar, vitamin, trace element etc. in body, is of high nutritive value; Also containing the multiple enzyme with antibacterial action in earthworm body, can develop biopesticide, biological veterinary, biological organic fertilizer etc., its added value of product is high, environmental protection.Earthworm is also low, the reliable animal protein of highly effective and safe of a kind of cost, can research and develop plurality kinds of health care food and animal protein feed, can reduce costs, improve product quality; And the polypeptide extracted in its body fluid, there are growth promotion and antibacterial effect.
Due to omnivorousness and the picking up property of earthworm, earthworm with the animals and plants chip in soil for food, eat into rotten organic matter and a large amount of grogs, form ight soil through digestion to excrete, containing the abundant nutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in ight soil, the wormcast being rich in humus is the fabulous fertilizer of plant growth, can effectively increase soil fertility, the activity of earthworm accelerates organic decomposition in soil, make loosing soil, air and moisture can go deep in soil more, recover and keep the ecological balance of soil, be conducive to plant growth, play the effect of improvement soil.
In addition, earthworm has special importance and role in agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry production and environmental protection.Increasing agricultural wastes, afforestation rubbish and fowl and animal excrement, take the modes such as conventional landfill and burning all can cause adverse effect to environment, and be the resource that can be utilized by earthworm containing abundant carbon source, nitrogenous source etc. in these rubbish, therefore, realize the minimizing of living beings solid waste by breeding earthworm, resource is the prefered method solving discarded object.
At present, earthworm is generally adopt the cultivation of vermiculture case, need earthworm jointly to take out with wormcast when gathering then to be separated, thus the heavy damage living environment of earthworm, have impact on the hatching of earthworm cocoon, also have more young earthworm and earthworm cocoon in isolated wormcast, be difficult to be separated, cause earthworm output low; And earthworm is often from generation to generation with raising, and modern age breeds, and causes cacogenesis, be unfavorable for the conservation breeding of earthworm.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above shortcomings in existing vermiculture process, provide a kind of photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, this method solve in existing vermiculture technology, animal wastes overuse, agriculture and forestry organic waste material utilizes improper, the problem of culture efficiency difference, achieves the minimizing of living beings solid waste, resource and efficient comprehensive benefit, achieves optoelectronic integration agricultural production.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Farm Planning: multiple vermiculture bed is set in photovoltaic facility, vermiculture bedside 2 meters, high 20-30 centimetre, the aisle between the adjacent vermiculture bed of raising, aisle height is higher than culturing bed, and aisle is wide 1 meter; Excavation drain ditch, each vermiculture bed both sides, vermiculture bed inside arranges Temperature Humidity Sensor and automatic heating equipment, vermiculture bed surface coverage sunshade net, erection seedbed, vermiculture bed top; Described seedbed lower surface and top, seedbed are equipped with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system.
(2) feed is prepared: animal wastes, vegetable fertilizer, afforestation rubbish, edible mushroom residue are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 4:2:2:2, after compost fermentation 20-30 days, obtain feed, for subsequent use.
(3) apparatus prepares: select to turn over the equipment of weeding, for subsequent use.
(4) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed: be disposed across by the feed fermented on vermiculture bed, centimetre wide bar shaped in 20-30, interval 10-15 centimetre; Water vermiculture bed, earthworm kind is put into vermiculture bed without feed place, breeding density is determined according to the temperature of vermiculture bed.
(5) feeding and management: monitor the temperature, humidity, air capacity of soils, the earthworm growth conditions that regulate vermiculture bed, make temperature remain on 18-27 DEG C, humidity remains on 60%-75%, and pH value remains on 6-8; In good time input feed, the cycle of throwing in feed is 10-15 days, and Raising directly is 5-10 centimetre; Regulating illumination condition, avoids sunshine direct projection, and prevents damage by disease and insect.
(6) earthworm is gathered: when earthworm major part body weight in vermiculture bed reaches 400-500 milligram and every square metre of density reaches 1.5-2 ten thousand, can collect a part and become earthworm.
Preferably, in step (1), described photovoltaic installation atop is coated with photovoltaic solar cell assembly, and its shading-area is 40%-60%, and described photovoltaic facility is also supporting blower fan-wet curtain system, sunshade-heat-insulation system and automatic control box.
Preferably, in step (1), described photovoltaic facility is photovoltaic attached-greenhouse.
Preferably, in step (1), described sunshade net is 4 pin black sunshade nets, be fixed on be placed on vermiculture bed cross bar on, described cross bar is connected with a curved arm rod device, controls the covering of sunshade net and open by described curved arm rod device.
Preferably, in step (1), the bottom of described vermiculture bed is equipped with 40 order fly nets, and four chow schemes of described fly net are high.
Preferably, in step (1), described seedbed is 1.2 meters apart from the height of vermiculture bed, and on the upside of seedbed, the sprinkler height of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system is 0.8 meter.
Preferably, in step (2), add EM bacterium liquid during compost mixing, described animal wastes are cow dung or pig manure.
Preferably, in step (4), when the temperature of described vermiculture bed is more than 25 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 6-8 ten thousand/m
3, temperature is when 10-25 degree Celsius, and the breeding density of earthworm is 8-10 ten thousand/m
3, when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 10-12 ten thousand/m
3.
Preferably, in step (5), carry out throwing in coordinating while feed and carry out vermiculture bed and turn over and weed, spray water, pine soil depth is 15-20 centimetre.
Preferably, in step (5), throw in before feed, guarantee that feed fully ferments, and carried out turning over by the feed after fermentation and smash and place 2-3 days, leave pernicious gas.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is with agricultural wastes, afforestation rubbish and fowl and animal excrement mixed culture fermentation, as earthworm breeding matrix, both the wasting of resources and problem of environmental pollution had been solved, can ensure again to enrich rational carbon element and Nitrogen ratio etc. in feed, improve productivity ratio and the growth quality of earthworm; Breeding dust adds EM bacterium liquid and fully ferments in composting process, can effectively suppress noxious bacteria to be bred, improve useful colony counts, throw something and feed this feed earthworm resistance against diseases strengthen, growth is fast, and reproduction rate is high, and the output capacity of earthworm is about 9.2 kilograms per cubic meter; Lay 40 order fly nets bottom vermiculture bed, four chow schemes are high, can prevent earthworm escape on the one hand, the harmful animals such as mole cricket, ant, vole can be prevented the infringement of earthworm on the other hand; Set up seedbed above vermiculture bed bed, realize cultivation and be combined with the solid of plantation, make full use of space, horticultural crop be earthworm bed shelter from heat or light while plant residue bank up in order to earthworm breeding base, integrated cost is low, workable; Utilize solar photoelectric integrated technique, provide suitable growing environment by automatic intelligent control system for earthworm and crop, achieve roof and to generate electricity agricultural production within doors, greatly saved energy resource consumption, be beneficial to the sustainable development ecological agriculture.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art understand, and below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Farm Planning: multiple vermiculture bed is set in photovoltaic attached-greenhouse, vermiculture bedside 2 meters, high 20 centimetres, the aisle between the adjacent vermiculture bed of raising, aisle height is higher than culturing bed, and aisle is wide 1 meter; Excavation drain ditch, each vermiculture bed both sides, vermiculture bed inside arranges Temperature Humidity Sensor and automatic heating equipment; Vermiculture bed surface coverage 4 pin black sunshade net, and be fixed on be placed on vermiculture bed cross bar on, described cross bar is connected with a curved arm rod device, controls the covering of sunshade net and open by described curved arm rod device; Erection seedbed, vermiculture bed top, seedbed is 1.2 meters apart from the height of vermiculture bed, and described seedbed lower surface and top, seedbed are equipped with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, and on the upside of seedbed, the sprinkler height of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system is 0.8 meter; Photovoltaic attached-greenhouse top is coated with photovoltaic solar cell assembly, and its shading-area is 40%, and described photovoltaic attached-greenhouse is also supporting blower fan-wet curtain system, sunshade-heat-insulation system and automatic control box.
(2) feed is prepared: cow dung, vegetable fertilizer, afforestation rubbish, edible mushroom residue are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 4:2:2:2, compost fermentation obtained feed after 20 days, for subsequent use, EM bacterium liquid is added during compost mixing, in order to improve beneficial bacterium quantity in feed, strengthen earthworm disease resistance, growth promoting effects is bred.
(3) apparatus prepares: select to turn over the equipment of weeding, for subsequent use.
(4) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed: be disposed across by the feed fermented on vermiculture bed, in the bar shaped of 20 centimetres wide, and 10 centimetres, interval; Water vermiculture bed, earthworm kind is put into vermiculture bed without feed place, breeding density is determined according to the temperature of vermiculture bed, and when the temperature of vermiculture bed is more than 25 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 60,000/m
3, when temperature is at 10-25 degree Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 80,000/m
3, when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 100,000/m
3.
(5) feeding and management: monitor the temperature, humidity, air capacity of soils, the earthworm growth conditions that regulate vermiculture bed, make temperature remain on 18 DEG C, humidity remains on 60%, and pH value remains on 6; In good time input feed, throws in before feed, guarantees that feed fully ferments, and is carried out turning over by the feed after fermentation and smash and place 2-3 days, and leave pernicious gas, and the cycle of throwing in feed is 10 days, and Raising directly is 10 centimetres; Carry out throwing in coordinating while feed and carry out vermiculture bed and turn over and weed, spray water, pine soil depth is 15 centimetres; Regulating illumination condition, avoids sunshine direct projection, and prevents damage by disease and insect.
(6) earthworm is gathered: when earthworm major part body weight in vermiculture bed reaches 400-500 milligram and every square metre of density reaches 1.5 ten thousand, can collect a part and become earthworm, the output capacity of earthworm is 6.8 kilograms per cubic meter.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Farm Planning: multiple vermiculture bed is set in photovoltaic attached-greenhouse, vermiculture bedside 2 meters, high 25 centimetres, the aisle between the adjacent vermiculture bed of raising, aisle height is higher than culturing bed, and aisle is wide 1 meter; Excavation drain ditch, each vermiculture bed both sides, vermiculture bed inside arranges Temperature Humidity Sensor and automatic heating equipment; Vermiculture bed surface coverage 4 pin black sunshade net, and be fixed on be placed on vermiculture bed cross bar on, described cross bar is connected with a curved arm rod device, controls the covering of sunshade net and open by described curved arm rod device; Erection seedbed, vermiculture bed top, seedbed is 1.2 meters apart from the height of vermiculture bed, and described seedbed lower surface and top, seedbed are equipped with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, and on the upside of seedbed, the sprinkler height of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system is 0.8 meter; Photovoltaic attached-greenhouse top is coated with photovoltaic solar cell assembly, and its shading-area is 50%, and described photovoltaic attached-greenhouse is also supporting blower fan-wet curtain system, sunshade-heat-insulation system and automatic control box.
(2) feed is prepared: cow dung, vegetable fertilizer, afforestation rubbish, edible mushroom residue are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 4:2:2:2, compost fermentation obtained feed after 25 days, for subsequent use, EM bacterium liquid is added during compost mixing, in order to improve beneficial bacterium quantity in feed, strengthen earthworm disease resistance, growth promoting effects is bred.
(3) apparatus prepares: select to turn over the equipment of weeding, for subsequent use.
(4) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed: be disposed across by the feed fermented on vermiculture bed, in the bar shaped of 25 centimetres wide, and 12 centimetres, interval; Water vermiculture bed, earthworm kind is put into vermiculture bed without feed place, breeding density is determined according to the temperature of vermiculture bed, and when the temperature of vermiculture bed is more than 25 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 70,000/m
3, when temperature is at 10-25 degree Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 90,000/m
3, when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 110,000/m
3.
(5) feeding and management: monitor the temperature, humidity, air capacity of soils, the earthworm growth conditions that regulate vermiculture bed, make temperature remain on 20 DEG C, humidity remains on 65%, and pH value remains on 7; In good time input feed, throws in before feed, guarantees that feed fully ferments, and is carried out turning over by the feed after fermentation and smash and place 2-3 days, and leave pernicious gas, and the cycle of throwing in feed is 12 days, and Raising directly is 8 centimetres; Carry out throwing in coordinating while feed and carry out vermiculture bed and turn over and weed, spray water, pine soil depth is 17 centimetres; Regulating illumination condition, avoids sunshine direct projection, and prevents damage by disease and insect.
(6) earthworm is gathered: when earthworm major part body weight in vermiculture bed reaches 400-500 milligram and every square metre of density reaches 1.7 ten thousand, can collect a part and become earthworm, the output capacity of earthworm is 7.1 kilograms per cubic meter.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Farm Planning: multiple vermiculture bed is set in photovoltaic attached-greenhouse, vermiculture bedside 2 meters, high 30 centimetres, the aisle between the adjacent vermiculture bed of raising, aisle height is higher than culturing bed, and aisle is wide 1 meter; Excavation drain ditch, each vermiculture bed both sides, vermiculture bed inside arranges Temperature Humidity Sensor and automatic heating equipment; Vermiculture bed surface coverage 4 pin black sunshade net, and be fixed on be placed on vermiculture bed cross bar on, described cross bar is connected with a curved arm rod device, controls the covering of sunshade net and open by described curved arm rod device; Erection seedbed, vermiculture bed top, seedbed is 1.2 meters apart from the height of vermiculture bed, and described seedbed lower surface and top, seedbed are equipped with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, and on the upside of seedbed, the sprinkler height of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system is 0.8 meter; Photovoltaic attached-greenhouse top is coated with photovoltaic solar cell assembly, and its shading-area is 60%, and described photovoltaic attached-greenhouse is also supporting blower fan-wet curtain system, sunshade-heat-insulation system and automatic control box.
(2) feed is prepared: cow dung, vegetable fertilizer, afforestation rubbish, edible mushroom residue are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 4:2:2:2, compost fermentation obtained feed after 30 days, for subsequent use, EM bacterium liquid is added during compost mixing, in order to improve beneficial bacterium quantity in feed, strengthen earthworm disease resistance, growth promoting effects is bred.
(3) apparatus prepares: select to turn over the equipment of weeding, for subsequent use.
(4) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed: be disposed across by the feed fermented on vermiculture bed, in the bar shaped of 30 centimetres wide, and 15 centimetres, interval; Water vermiculture bed, earthworm kind is put into vermiculture bed without feed place, breeding density is determined according to the temperature of vermiculture bed, and when the temperature of vermiculture bed is more than 25 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 80,000/m
3, when temperature is at 10-25 degree Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 100,000/m
3, when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 120,000/m
3.
(5) feeding and management: monitor the temperature, humidity, air capacity of soils, the earthworm growth conditions that regulate vermiculture bed, make temperature remain on 25 DEG C, humidity remains on 75%, and pH value remains on 6-8; In good time input feed, throws in before feed, guarantees that feed fully ferments, and is carried out turning over by the feed after fermentation and smash and place 2-3 days, and leave pernicious gas, and the cycle of throwing in feed is 15 days, and Raising directly is 5 centimetres; Carry out throwing in coordinating while feed and carry out vermiculture bed and turn over and weed, spray water, pine soil depth is 20 centimetres; Regulating illumination condition, avoids sunshine direct projection, and prevents damage by disease and insect.
(6) earthworm is gathered: when earthworm major part body weight in vermiculture bed reaches 400-500 milligram and every square metre of density reaches 20,000, can collect a part and become earthworm, the output capacity of earthworm is 10.5 kilograms per cubic meter.
Embodiment 4
A kind of photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Farm Planning: multiple vermiculture bed is set in photovoltaic attached-greenhouse, vermiculture bedside 2 meters, high 20 centimetres, the aisle between the adjacent vermiculture bed of raising, aisle height is higher than culturing bed, and aisle is wide 1 meter; Excavation drain ditch, each vermiculture bed both sides, vermiculture bed inside arranges Temperature Humidity Sensor and automatic heating equipment; Vermiculture bed surface coverage 4 pin black sunshade net, and be fixed on be placed on vermiculture bed cross bar on, described cross bar is connected with a curved arm rod device, controls the covering of sunshade net and open by described curved arm rod device; Erection seedbed, vermiculture bed top, seedbed is 1.2 meters apart from the height of vermiculture bed, and described seedbed lower surface and top, seedbed are equipped with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, and on the upside of seedbed, the sprinkler height of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system is 0.8 meter; Photovoltaic attached-greenhouse top is coated with photovoltaic solar cell assembly, and its shading-area is 45%, and described photovoltaic attached-greenhouse is also supporting blower fan-wet curtain system, sunshade-heat-insulation system and automatic control box.
(2) feed is prepared: cow dung, vegetable fertilizer, afforestation rubbish, edible mushroom residue are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 4:2:2:2, compost fermentation obtained feed after 22 days, for subsequent use, EM bacterium liquid is added during compost mixing, in order to improve beneficial bacterium quantity in feed, strengthen earthworm disease resistance, growth promoting effects is bred.
(3) apparatus prepares: select to turn over the equipment of weeding, for subsequent use.
(4) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed: be disposed across by the feed fermented on vermiculture bed, in the bar shaped of 25 centimetres wide, and 15 centimetres, interval; Water vermiculture bed, earthworm kind is put into vermiculture bed without feed place, breeding density is determined according to the temperature of vermiculture bed, and when the temperature of vermiculture bed is more than 25 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 60,000/m
3, when temperature is at 10-25 degree Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 90,000/m
3, when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 120,000/m
3.
(5) feeding and management: monitor the temperature, humidity, air capacity of soils, the earthworm growth conditions that regulate vermiculture bed, make temperature remain on 22 DEG C, humidity remains on 70%, and pH value remains on 6-8; In good time input feed, throws in before feed, guarantees that feed fully ferments, and is carried out turning over by the feed after fermentation and smash and place 2-3 days, and leave pernicious gas, and the cycle of throwing in feed is 15 days, and Raising directly is 6 centimetres; Carry out throwing in coordinating while feed and carry out vermiculture bed and turn over and weed, spray water, pine soil depth is 18 centimetres; Regulating illumination condition, avoids sunshine direct projection, and prevents damage by disease and insect.
(6) earthworm is gathered: when earthworm major part body weight in vermiculture bed reaches 400-500 milligram and every square metre of density reaches 1.8 ten thousand, can collect a part and become earthworm, the output capacity of earthworm is 10.8 kilograms per cubic meter.
Embodiment 5
A kind of photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Farm Planning: multiple vermiculture bed is set in photovoltaic attached-greenhouse, vermiculture bedside 2 meters, high 22 centimetres, the aisle between the adjacent vermiculture bed of raising, aisle height is higher than culturing bed, and aisle is wide 1 meter; Excavation drain ditch, each vermiculture bed both sides, vermiculture bed inside arranges Temperature Humidity Sensor and automatic heating equipment; Vermiculture bed surface coverage 4 pin black sunshade net, and be fixed on be placed on vermiculture bed cross bar on, described cross bar is connected with a curved arm rod device, controls the covering of sunshade net and open by described curved arm rod device; Erection seedbed, vermiculture bed top, seedbed is 1.2 meters apart from the height of vermiculture bed, and described seedbed lower surface and top, seedbed are equipped with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system, and on the upside of seedbed, the sprinkler height of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system is 0.8 meter; Photovoltaic attached-greenhouse top is coated with photovoltaic solar cell assembly, and its shading-area is 55%, and described photovoltaic attached-greenhouse is also supporting blower fan-wet curtain system, sunshade-heat-insulation system and automatic control box.
(2) feed is prepared: cow dung, vegetable fertilizer, afforestation rubbish, edible mushroom residue are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 4:2:2:2, compost fermentation obtained feed after 28 days, for subsequent use, EM bacterium liquid is added during compost mixing, in order to improve beneficial bacterium quantity in feed, strengthen earthworm disease resistance, growth promoting effects is bred.
(3) apparatus prepares: select to turn over the equipment of weeding, for subsequent use.
(4) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed: be disposed across by the feed fermented on vermiculture bed, in the bar shaped of 26 centimetres wide, and 13 centimetres, interval; Water vermiculture bed, earthworm kind is put into vermiculture bed without feed place, breeding density is determined according to the temperature of vermiculture bed, and when the temperature of vermiculture bed is more than 25 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 70,000/m
3, when temperature is at 10-25 degree Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 90,000/m
3, when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 110,000/m
3.
(5) feeding and management: monitor the temperature, humidity, air capacity of soils, the earthworm growth conditions that regulate vermiculture bed, make temperature remain on 24 DEG C, humidity remains on 68%, and pH value remains on 7.5; In good time input feed, throws in before feed, guarantees that feed fully ferments, and is carried out turning over by the feed after fermentation and smash and place 2-3 days, and leave pernicious gas, and the cycle of throwing in feed is 14 days, and Raising directly is 7 centimetres; Carry out throwing in coordinating while feed and carry out vermiculture bed and turn over and weed, spray water, pine soil depth is 16 centimetres; Regulating illumination condition, avoids sunshine direct projection, and prevents damage by disease and insect.
(6) earthworm is gathered: when earthworm major part body weight in vermiculture bed reaches 400-500 milligram and every square metre of density reaches 1.9 ten thousand, can collect a part and become earthworm, the output capacity of earthworm is 10.7 kilograms per cubic meter.
The impact of Soil of Earthworms is as shown in the table:
As can be known from the above table, vermiculture can improve soil quality, the breeding earthworm bulk density of soil with contrast (cultivation) and be respectively 1.43g/cm
3and 1.24g/cm
3the earthworm bulk density of soil reduces 15.3% than contrast, and soil general porosity, hollow billet voidage, soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity all increase than contrasting, 13.5%, 11.9%, 4.8% and 5.8% is improve respectively than contrast, the soil cultivating earthworm is soft, and the sylvan life soil of non-breeding earthworm still comparatively consolidation, therefore, earthworm sylvan life cultivation has loose soil property and the effect improving soil quality.
Above illustrated embodiment is only with illustrating the present invention for convenience, and at technical scheme category of the present invention, person of ordinary skill in the field does various simple deformation and modification, all should be included in above claim.
Claims (10)
1. photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) Farm Planning: multiple vermiculture bed is set in photovoltaic facility, vermiculture bedside 2 meters, high 20-30 centimetre, the aisle between the adjacent vermiculture bed of raising, aisle height is higher than culturing bed, and aisle is wide 1 meter; Excavation drain ditch, each vermiculture bed both sides, vermiculture bed inside arranges Temperature Humidity Sensor and automatic heating equipment, vermiculture bed surface coverage sunshade net, erection seedbed, vermiculture bed top; Described seedbed lower surface and top, seedbed are equipped with automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system;
(2) feed is prepared: animal wastes, vegetable fertilizer, afforestation rubbish, edible mushroom residue are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 4:2:2:2, after compost fermentation 20-30 days, obtain feed, for subsequent use;
(3) apparatus prepares: select to turn over the equipment of weeding, for subsequent use;
(4) earthworm is put in a suitable place to breed: be disposed across by the feed fermented on vermiculture bed, centimetre wide bar shaped in 20-30, interval 10-15 centimetre; Water vermiculture bed, earthworm kind is put into vermiculture bed without feed place, breeding density is determined according to the temperature of vermiculture bed;
(5) feeding and management: monitor the temperature, humidity, air capacity of soils, the earthworm growth conditions that regulate vermiculture bed, make temperature remain on 18-27 DEG C, humidity remains on 60%-75%, and pH value remains on 6-8; In good time input feed, the cycle of throwing in feed is 10-15 days, and Raising directly is 5-10 centimetre; Regulating illumination condition, avoids sunshine direct projection, and prevents damage by disease and insect;
(6) earthworm is gathered: when earthworm major part body weight in vermiculture bed reaches 400-500 milligram and every square metre of density reaches 1.5-2 ten thousand, can collect a part and become earthworm.
2. photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described photovoltaic installation atop is coated with photovoltaic solar cell assembly, its shading-area is 40%-60%, and described photovoltaic facility is also supporting blower fan-wet curtain system, sunshade-heat-insulation system and automatic control box.
3. photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method according to claim 1 or 2 any one, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described photovoltaic facility is photovoltaic attached-greenhouse.
4. photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described sunshade net is 4 pin black sunshade nets, be fixed on be placed on vermiculture bed cross bar on, described cross bar is connected with a curved arm rod device, controls the covering of sunshade net and open by described curved arm rod device.
5. according to claim 1 photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, it is characterized in that: in step (1), the bottom of described vermiculture bed is equipped with 40 order fly nets, and four chow schemes of described fly net are high.
6. according to claim 1 photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described seedbed is 1.2 meters apart from the height of vermiculture bed, and on the upside of seedbed, the sprinkler height of automatic sprinkler fire-extinguishing system is 0.8 meter.
7. according to claim 1 photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, it is characterized in that: in step (2), add EM bacterium liquid during compost mixing, described animal wastes are cow dung or pig manure.
8. according to claim 1 photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, it is characterized in that: in step (4), when the temperature of described vermiculture bed is more than 25 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 6-8 ten thousand/m
3, temperature is when 10-25 degree Celsius, and the breeding density of earthworm is 8-10 ten thousand/m
3, when temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius, the breeding density of earthworm is 10-12 ten thousand/m
3.
9. according to claim 1 photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, it is characterized in that: in step (5), carry out throwing in coordinating while feed and carry out vermiculture bed and turn over and weed, spray water, pine soil depth is 15-20 centimetre.
10. according to claim 1 photovoltaic facility (photovoltaic attached-greenhouse) earthworm culture method, it is characterized in that: in step (5), before throwing in feed, guarantee that feed fully ferments, and the feed after fermentation is carried out turning over and smashes and place 2-3 days, leave pernicious gas.
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| CN112931425A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-06-11 | 长沙市农业科学研究院 | Method for treating agricultural organic waste underground in non-open-air field by using earthworms |
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