CN107494454A - A kind of method of industrial aquaculture earthworm - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for factory breeding earthworms, comprising a step of making a breeding site, selecting a cool, ventilated and quiet room as the breeding site, installing temperature regulating equipment and spraying devices in the room; and also including a step of making a breeding frame It also includes the step of making a breeding box, the casing of the breeding box is provided with a plurality of small holes around and at the bottom; a step of making earthworm bait; after the bait is completely fermented, the bait is packed into each breeding box, and then each box Add earthworm seedlings; put the breeding box with bait and earthworm seedlings on the breeding frame; stop breeding until the vermicompost is completely filled with the whole breeding box, collect earthworms and earthworm castings; place earthworms and earthworms in each box The manure mixture is poured into a vibrating sieving machine to separate the earthworms from the vermicompost. The invention makes full use of the three-dimensional space to carry out three-dimensional multi-layer cultivation; it can well control the cultivation conditions and avoid the influence of disastrous weather, so as to realize stable and high yield.

Description

A kind of method of factory culture earthworm

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to earthworm breeding technology, in particular to a method for factory farming earthworms.

Background technique

Earthworms are better biological resources with very high economic value. In order to provide a rich source of earthworms for feed, fertilizer, medicine and other industries, there has been an upsurge in breeding in recent years.

The breeding of earthworms in foreign countries started earlier, the breeding technology and level are very high, and the breeding methods are diverse. Open-air field farming and greenhouse farming are relatively developed. Among them, the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries have developed commercial farming, such as breeding cattle, pigs, Chicken etc. are commercialized.

It started relatively late in China. Since the late 1970s, earthworms have been introduced from abroad for breeding. Except for the more mature breeding in Taiwan, the mainland areas are relatively backward, with small scales and slow development in recent years. Breeding methods are mostly open-air field farming and greenhouse farming, and the factory farming of earthworms has not been reported in China.

Most of the existing earthworm farming is open-air farming in large fields or simple greenhouse farming, which is a mode of breeding only using the surface of the land, resulting in a great waste of three-dimensional space.

The current open-air farming or simple greenhouse farming is greatly affected by environmental conditions, and it is difficult to control water, heat, light and other conditions in the farming, and severe weather such as heavy rain, wind, and snow will cause great losses to the farming.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for industrially cultivating earthworms, said method for industrially cultivating earthworms will solve the problems caused by open-air cultivation or simple greenhouse cultivation in the prior art. The utilization rate is not high, the breeding scale is small, the breeding control ability is low, and the technical problems of earthworm growth are not good.

The present invention provides a kind of method of factory culture earthworm, comprises the following steps:

1) A step of making a breeding place, selecting a cool, ventilated, and quiet room as a breeding place, installing temperature adjustment equipment and spraying devices in the room, and the temperature adjustment equipment includes a cooling system and a heating system, The cooling system includes an air conditioner or a fan wet curtain, and the heating system includes an air conditioner or a fuel heater;

2) It also includes a step of making a culture frame, the culture frame has at least two layers, and movable wheels are installed on the bottom of the culture frame; placing a plurality of the culture frames in the place;

3) It also includes the step of making a breeding box. The four sides and the bottom of the breeding box are provided with a plurality of small holes, and the diameter of the small holes is between 0.3 and 0.5 cm; placing a plurality of the breeding boxes on the breeding rack;

4) A step of making earthworm bait, selecting animal manure to mix with fiber slag, said fiber slag being any one or a combination of two or more of straw, mushroom slag, potato bagasse or bagasse, said animal manure It is a mixture of any one or two of cow dung or pig manure, and the volume ratio of the animal dung to fiber slag is 1-4:1; it is stirred and mixed for fermentation, and the carbon-nitrogen mass ratio of the bait after fermentation is 20-20. 30:1;

5) After the bait is fully fermented, put the bait into each breeding box, the amount of which is equal to the top of the box, and keep the humidity of the bait at 50-70%; then add earthworm seedlings to each box;

6) Put the breeding box filled with bait and earthworm seedlings on the breeding rack. During the earthworm breeding process, keep the bait humidity at 50-70%, the temperature at 20-30°C, and spray once every 3-5 days, and wait until the breeding After more than 90% of the bait in the box is excreted by earthworms, add another bait to fill up the breeding box, and continue several times, and the next addition is 70-80% of the last addition; until the vermicompost completely fills the entire breeding box Immediately stop breeding afterwards, collect earthworms and vermicompost;

7) Pour the mixture of earthworms and vermicompost in each box into a vibrating screening machine with a mesh diameter of 0.5cm. Through vibration, the vermicompost will fall from the screen, thereby separating the earthworms and vermicompost, and then collecting them separately.

Specifically, the air conditioners in the cooling system and the above heating system adopt the same air conditioner or different air conditioners;

Further, the wet curtain is installed on the wall in the vertical direction of the room, the height of the wet curtain is 1.8m, and the thickness is 0.1m.

Further, the said fan oil heater adopts an axial flow fan, and the exhaust air volume is not less than 40000 m ³ /h.

Further, it also includes a dehumidification system, and the dehumidification system is performed by the fan in the fan wet curtain.

Further, it also includes a humidification system, the humidification system is a hanging micro-spray system, the humidification system is arranged along the long axis of the culture rack, the humidification system uses a rotary micro-spray head, and the rotary micro-spray The line spacing of the nozzles is 4m, the distance between the rotary micro-sprayers is 2.5m, the flow rate of the rotary micro-sprayers is 50-70L/m, the spraying diameter of the rotary micro-sprayers is 7.5m, and the working pressure range is 0.15- 0.30MPa, the pressure of the main pipeline of the humidification system is 3kg/m ² , the flow rate is >8m ³ /h, and the material is UPVC.

Further, 0.5%-1% of EM bacteria (Chinese name: beneficial microbial flora) is added to the bait. Beneficial microorganisms are any one or a combination of two or more of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria.

The present invention adopts a factory culture mode, and sets temperature, humidity, air circulation and other environmental parameter control systems in the breeding place; through the design of the breeding frame and breeding box in the breeding place; the size of the box, the amount of bait added and the amount of earthworm inoculation The best matching to achieve the high-yield technology of the best yield; the present invention uses the separation and harvesting technology of earthworms and vermicompost; the breeding mode technology of whole-in and whole-out, three-dimensional cultivation, to obtain the largest harvest of earthworms and vermicompost.

The present invention adopts a factory-like cultivation method, which can avoid the influence of adverse environmental conditions; adopt the mode of whole-in and whole-out by using the breeding box, which can avoid the degradation of earthworm species and avoid the escape of earthworms, and can realize three-dimensional multi-layer cultivation, and realize earthworm breeding. stable and high yield. This method occupies less land, uses less manpower, is easy to manage, and has higher production efficiency than other farming methods.

The modern breeding factory of the present invention can control environmental factors such as indoor temperature, humidity, air circulation, etc., avoid the influence of heavy wind, rain and snow outside, maintain the best breeding environment for earthworms, and realize high and stable production. The unique amount of bait in the box is matched with the amount of earthworm inoculation, which can achieve the maximum output of breeding. The invention adopts screening technology to realize high-efficiency separation of earthworms and vermicompost, the separation efficiency is several times that of other separation technologies, and a large amount of labor can be reduced.

The cultivation method of earthworms of the present invention adopts the breeding factory mode, makes full use of the three-dimensional space, carries out three-dimensional multi-layer cultivation, and saves land; the same land area, the ability of cultivation and waste treatment is several times that of conventional cultivation, and the output is also several times that of conventional cultivation. times, and fully respond to the call of the national energy conservation and emission reduction policy. The mode of whole-in and whole-out is adopted in breeding to avoid hybridization with other earthworms and cause germplasm degradation. The breeding method of the invention can well control the breeding conditions and avoid the influence of disastrous weather, so as to realize stable and high yield.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the culture frame that adopts among the present invention.

detailed description

Example 1

1) Choose a multi-span greenhouse with an area of 320 (40*8) square meters as an earthworm breeding factory. Its top cover is covered with a sunshade net to block the sun, and sprinkler devices and temperature control equipment are installed. The heating system uses a fuel-fired hot air blower; the cooling system uses a fan wet curtain, which is installed on the vertical wall of the room, with a height of 1.8m and a thickness of 0.1m, and a service life of more than 5 years. The fan adopts an axial flow fan, and the exhaust air volume is not less than 40000m ³ /h. The factory dehumidification system is carried out by using the fan in the cooling system, and the fan is used to dehumidify; the humidification system is a complete set of suspended micro-spray system. The layout is arranged along the long axis of the aquaculture frame. Rotary micro-sprinklers are used with a row spacing of 4m and a spacing of 2.5m. The nozzle flow rate is 50-70 L/m, the spraying diameter is 7.5m, and the working pressure range is 0.15-0.30MPa. The main performance of the main pipeline requires a pressure of 3kg/m2, a flow rate of >8m3/h, and the material is UPVC.

2) Mix cow dung, mushroom dregs and potato dregs in a ratio of 6:2:2, and inoculate EM bacteria at 0.5% of the bait mass, keep the water content at about 60%, and carry out stacking and fermentation. The bait is dark brown in color, has no peculiar smell, is soft and not sticky in texture, and it is a well-fermented bait.

Specifically, the earthworm bait can be:

The volume ratio of pig manure to straw is 2~3:1, the volume ratio of cow dung to mushroom dregs is 2~3:1, the volume ratio of cow dung to bagasse is 2~3:1, and the volume ratio of cow dung to potato dregs is 2~3:1. The volume ratio is 2~3:1,

3) The earthworm breeding frame 1 is made of stainless steel, and each breeding frame 1 bears more than 800kg. Breeding frame 1 size is 220cm * 50cm * 150cm (as shown in Figure 1), and breeding frame 1 establishes four layers, and the bottom is apart from ground 20cm, and the distance between every layer of the back is 40cm, is convenient to operation and air circulation. Mount movable wheels on the bottom of the breeding rack 1 for easy movement. Whole factory establishes 6 rows of breeding racks 1, 14 in every row, totally 84 breeding racks 1.

4) Make breeding box 2, and the box body of described breeding box 2 is provided with a plurality of small holes around and at the bottom, and the aperture of small hole is 0.3～0.5cm; Put 5 breeding boxes 2 on every floor, altogether 1680 breeding boxes Box 2.

5) Put the fermented bait in step 2) into the breeding box 2, put it flush with the top of the breeding box 2, weigh about 38 kg, inoculate 0.5 kg of red earthworm Taiping No. 2, and put it on the shelf for cultivation.

6) During the earthworm breeding process, keep the bait humidity at 50-70%, and the temperature at 20-30 degrees Celsius, and spray once every 3-5 days. Until the breeding box 2 is full, several times in a row, the next addition is 70 to 80% of the last addition; until the vermicompost is completely filled with the whole breeding box 2, the cultivation is stopped, and earthworms and vermicompost are collected;

7) The breeding cycle is 100 days. After all the breeding boxes 2 are filled with vermicompost, all the breeding boxes 2 are separated from the vermicompost through a vibration screening machine. On average, each box harvests 2kg of earthworms, 35kg of vermicompost, and consumes 150kg of bait; 1680 boxes accumulatively harvest 3.36 tons of earthworms, 58.8 tons of vermicompost, and consumes 252 tons of bait; it can be raised 3 times a year, and can produce about 10 tons of earthworms. The vermicompost is about 177 tons, and the bait consumption is about 756 tons. Converted into organic waste, the annual consumption of organic waste is about 1,000 tons.

After harvesting, new bait and earthworm seedlings are added in breeding box 2 to carry out a new round of cultivation.

Claims (6)

1. A method for factory farming earthworms is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1) A step of making a breeding place, selecting a cool, ventilated, quiet room as a breeding place, installing temperature regulating equipment and a spraying device in the room, and the described temperature regulating equipment includes a cooling system and a heating system, The cooling system includes an air conditioner or a fan wet curtain, and the heating system includes an air conditioner or a fuel heater; 2) It also includes a step of making a culture frame, the culture frame has at least two layers, and movable wheels are installed on the bottom of the culture frame; placing a plurality of the culture frames in the place; 3) It also includes the step of making a culture box, the four sides and the bottom of the box body of the culture box are provided with a plurality of small holes, and the aperture of the small holes is between 0.3 ~ 0.5cm; a plurality of the culture boxes are placed on the breeding rack; 4) A step of making earthworm bait, selecting animal manure and fiber slag to mix, and the fiber slag is any one or a combination of two or more of straw, mushroom slag, potato bagasse or bagasse, and the animal manure It is a mixture of any one or two of cow dung or pig manure, and the volume ratio of the animal dung to fiber slag is 1-4:1; it is stirred and mixed for fermentation, and the carbon-nitrogen mass ratio of the bait after fermentation is 20-20. 30:1; 5) After the bait is fermented completely, put the bait into each breeding box, the loading amount is equal to the top of the box, and keep the humidity of the bait at 50-70%; then add earthworm seedlings to each box; 6) Put the breeding box filled with bait and earthworm seedlings on the breeding rack. During the earthworm breeding process, keep the humidity of the bait at 50-70%, and the temperature at 20-30°C. Spray once every 3-5 days, and wait until the breeding After more than 90% of the bait in the box is excreted by earthworms, add another bait to fill up the breeding box, and continue several times, and the next addition is 70-80% of the last addition; until the vermicompost completely fills the entire breeding box Immediately stop breeding afterwards, collect earthworms and vermicompost; 7) Pour the mixture of earthworms and vermicompost in each box into a vibrating screening machine with a mesh diameter of 0.5 cm. Through vibration, the vermicompost falls from the screen, thereby separating the earthworms and vermicompost, and then collecting them separately. 2. A method for industrialized cultivation of earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wet curtain is installed on the wall in the vertical direction of the room, the height of the wet curtain is 1.8m, and the thickness is 0.1m. 3. A method for industrialized cultivation of earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that: said fan fuel heater adopts an axial flow fan, and the exhaust air volume is not less than 40000 m3/h. 4. A kind of method for factory farming earthworm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise dehumidification system, described dehumidification system is carried out by the blower fan in fan wet curtain. 5. The method for a kind of factory culture earthworm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise humidification system, described humidification system is suspension type micro-spray system, and described humidification system is along the long axis of culture frame direction, the humidification system uses rotary micro-sprinklers, the row spacing of the rotary micro-sprinklers is 4m, the distance between the rotary micro-sprinklers is 2.5m, and the flow rate of the rotary micro-sprinklers is 50-70 L /m, the spray diameter of the rotary micro-spray head is 7.5m, the working pressure range is 0.15-0.30MPa, the pressure of the main pipeline of the humidification system is 3kg/m2, the flow rate is >8m3/h, and the material is UPVC. 6. A kind of method for industrialized cultivation of earthworms according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bait mass is added with 0.5%-1% EM bacteria in the bait.