CN105830972A - Weever fry high survival rate seedling method - Google Patents
Weever fry high survival rate seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830972A CN105830972A CN201610192283.3A CN201610192283A CN105830972A CN 105830972 A CN105830972 A CN 105830972A CN 201610192283 A CN201610192283 A CN 201610192283A CN 105830972 A CN105830972 A CN 105830972A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 206010022998 Irritability Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000269795 Lateolabrax japonicus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000288726 Soricidae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019752 Wheat Middilings Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GOMNOOKGLZYEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoflavone Chemical compound C=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 GOMNOOKGLZYEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoflavone Natural products C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(OC)=C1C1=COC2=C(C=CC(C)(C)O3)C3=C(OC)C=C2C1=O CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008696 isoflavones Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000276618 Perciformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMSCMASJCYVAIF-QCVMBYIASA-N carpaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@@H](CCCCCCCC(=O)O2)N[C@H]1C)C(=O)CCCCCCC[C@H]1N[C@@H](C)[C@@H]2CC1 AMSCMASJCYVAIF-QCVMBYIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXFUVYFNBRBBPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carpaine Natural products CC1(CCCCCCCC(=O)O1)C2CCCN2 HXFUVYFNBRBBPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007661 gastrointestinal function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a weever fry high survival rate seedling method; the specific method comprises the following steps: greenhouse culture pond preparation, fry inputting, bait feeding, fry irritability excises, outdoor seedling pond preparation and fry inputting, outdoor bait feeding, and water quality management. Compared with the prior art, the advantages are that the fry is cultured in the greenhouse in the early stage, the pond water is relatively shallow, the pond conditions are easy to control, thus reducing culture energy consumption under same conditions; the fry can fast grow in indoor culture, and multi-aspect anti-irritability excises are carried out before changing the pond, thus allowing the fry to have anti-irritability ability on light, temperature and water flow conditions; when the fry is transferred to the outdoor culture pond, the fry can fast adapt to the outdoor environment; corresponding protide fodders are added so as to improve fry ingestion and digest ability on the baits, thus improving fry survival rate and anti-disease ability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, be specifically related to the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) height of seedling survival rate.
Background technology
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) is subordinate to Perciformes, often Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) subfamily, eurysaline fishes, China coast all has distribution, aboundresources, there is growth fast, wide adaptability, premunition is strong, the features such as delicious meat, the most popular to people, increase due to demand, the culturing pool on interior ground the most gradually starts to cultivate Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis), but owing to seedling-raising technique is immature, typically require and buy fry from coastal area, the individuality of nursery is bigger, transport mortality rate is higher, and through the Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) nursery transport adaptation ability in strange land, its resistance against diseases also can be greatly reduced, and then improve the cost of Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) nursery.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for existing problem, it is provided that the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) height of seedling survival rate.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) height of seedling survival rate, and including indoor culture and two stages of outdoor cultivation, concrete grammar comprises the following steps:
(1) greenhouse cultivation pond prepares: after being sterilized by cement pit, injects water, controls water depth of water 0.5-0.6m, salinity 3-5.5%, pH value 7.8-8.2, pond water temperature 16-26 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount 6-10mg/L, ammonium nitrogen 0.2-0.4mg/L, illumination 800-2500Lux;
(2) input of fry: render to the prelarva cultivated through opening by 2.5-3 ten thousand tails/m cultivate in pond;
(3) the throwing something and feeding of bait: after prelarva opening, every morning adds wheel animalcule in culture pond, described wheel animalcule is added Ovum Gallus domesticus album and bakery yeast hot housing by mixed vegetable oil and obtains, keeping wheel animalcule density in nursery pond is 6-10/ml, and contains the bean milk of 10% Sucus Chaenomelis once by the specification of 100-120g/m is unreasonable like a shrew in pond;Pond was cultivated after 6 days, sooner or later respectively throw something and feed every day wheel animalcule once, density is 12-18/ml, and contains the bean milk of 18% Sucus Chaenomelis once by the specification of 150-200g/m is unreasonable like a shrew in pond at noon;After pond is cultivated 18 days, small fish is forwarded to outdoor culture pond and cultivates;
Fructus Chaenomelis contains carpaine and papain, has the effect of antibacterial parasite killing, possibly together with substantial amounts of vitamin, protein and aminoacid, match with bean milk, water in culture pond can not only be had some improvement, moreover it is possible to effectively supplement prelarva desired nutritional, accelerate the speed of growth of prelarva;
(4) irritability of fry is taken exercise: at the indoor culture initial stage, holding illumination is 800-1500Lux;After indoor culture pond is cultivated 10 days, holding illumination is 1500-2500Lux, control pond water temperature to switch once every 8 hours between 16-20 DEG C and 22-26 DEG C, and in the morning and the dusk, positions different in pond adds vortex impact current, shifting a few days ago, the dissolved oxygen amount in increase water to 8-10mg/L;
(5) outdoor nursery pond prepares and fry is thrown in: controlling the water depth of water is 1.5-2m, and salinity is 1-2%, and pH value is 6.5-7, and dissolved oxygen amount is 4-6mg/L, ammonium nitrogen 0.5-0.8mg/L, and transparency is 40-50cm;
The input density of fry is 1200-1500 tail/m;
(6) the throwing something and feeding of outdoor bait: every day feedstuff the 12-15% that feeding volume is fry body weight, fresh water of throwing something and feeding every day scratches foot class twice, coordinate by Radix Puerariae, rye grass, spirulina be the suspension pellet made of primary raw material once, wherein, suspension pellet accounts for the 10-15% of day feedstuff, when fry body length reaches 6-10cm, fry can be proceeded to growing pond or transport to and desirably cultivate;
(7) water quality management: prelarva, before the input of outdoor, introduces 106-108The bead algae solution of individual/ml, water keeps pale green, changes water 20-40% every day, dirt at the bottom of periodic cleaning pond and the greasy dirt on water surface.
Concrete, the described each material component of suspension pellet is as follows: Radix Puerariae 15-20 part, rye grass 50-60 part, spirulina 15-20 part, wheat-middlings 25-30 part, cod-liver oil 2-3 part.
Radix Puerariae contains high activity isoflavone, it is possible to the effectively cytoactive of conditioning human body, promotes the synthesis of intracellular various albumen, activating immune cell, improves the immunologic function of body, additionally aid the absorption to the nutrient substance such as aminoacid, protein.
Rye grass contains more crude protein and cellulose, possibly together with calcium, P elements, contributes to the formation of fry gastrointestinal function and supplementing of energy.
Spirulina rich in proteins, has potentiation to immunity of organism, matches with rye grass, contributes to the formation of fry gastrointestinal mucosa.
This suspension pellet protein content reaches more than 26%, and in the common effect of isoflavone with spirulina, the gastrointestinal mucosa of nursery can be formed as early as possible, contributes to the absorption to the nutrient substance such as aminoacid, protein.
The present invention has the advantage that compared to existing technology and is cultivating early stage at temperature indoor cultivation, water is the most shallower, in pond, condition is easily controlled, decrease the energy consumption of cultivation under the same conditions, indoor culture enables fry fast-growth, before changing pond, carry out many-sided anti-stress take exercise, fry can be provided illumination, temperature, the anti-stress ability of the conditions such as current, make it after going to outdoor breeding pond, the environment of outdoor can be adapted to faster, coordinate corresponding protide feedstuff, fry can be improved bait is searched for food and digests, improve survival rate and the resistance against diseases of fry.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) height of seedling survival rate, including indoor culture and two stages of outdoor cultivation, concrete grammar comprises the following steps:
(1) greenhouse cultivation pond prepares: after being sterilized by cement pit, injects water, controls water depth of water 0.5-0.6m, salinity 3-5.5%, pH value 7.8-8.2, pond water temperature 16-26 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount 6-10mg/L, ammonium nitrogen 0.2-0.4mg/L, illumination 800-2500Lux;
(2) input of fry: render to the prelarva cultivated through opening by 2.5-3 ten thousand tails/m cultivate in pond;
(3) the throwing something and feeding of bait: after prelarva opening, every morning adds wheel animalcule in culture pond, described wheel animalcule is added Ovum Gallus domesticus album and bakery yeast hot housing by mixed vegetable oil and obtains, keeping wheel animalcule density in nursery pond is 6-10/ml, and contains the bean milk of 10% Sucus Chaenomelis once by the specification of 100-120g/m is unreasonable like a shrew in pond;Pond was cultivated after 6 days, sooner or later respectively throw something and feed every day wheel animalcule once, density is 12-18/ml, and contains the bean milk of 18% Sucus Chaenomelis once by the specification of 150-200g/m is unreasonable like a shrew in pond at noon;After pond is cultivated 18 days, small fish is forwarded to outdoor culture pond and cultivates;
(4) irritability of fry is taken exercise: at the indoor culture initial stage, holding illumination is 800-1500Lux;After indoor culture pond is cultivated 10 days, holding illumination is 1500-2500Lux, control pond water temperature to switch once every 8 hours between 16-20 DEG C and 22-26 DEG C, and in the morning and the dusk, positions different in pond adds vortex impact current, shifting a few days ago, the dissolved oxygen amount in increase water to 8-10mg/L;
(5) outdoor nursery pond prepares and fry is thrown in: controlling the water depth of water is 1.5-2m, and salinity is 1-2%, and pH value is 6.5-7, and dissolved oxygen amount is 4-6mg/L, ammonium nitrogen 0.5-0.8mg/L, and transparency is 40-50cm;
The input density of fry is 1200-1500 tail/m;
(6) the throwing something and feeding of outdoor bait: every day feedstuff the 12-15% that feeding volume is fry body weight, fresh water of throwing something and feeding every day scratches foot class twice, coordinate by Radix Puerariae, rye grass, spirulina be the suspension pellet made of primary raw material once, wherein, suspension pellet accounts for the 10-15% of day feedstuff, when fry body length reaches 6-10cm, fry can be proceeded to growing pond or transport to and desirably cultivate;
(7) water quality management: prelarva, before the input of outdoor, introduces 106-108The bead algae solution of individual/ml, water keeps pale green, changes water 20-40% every day, dirt at the bottom of periodic cleaning pond and the greasy dirt on water surface.
Concrete, the described each material component of suspension pellet is as follows: Radix Puerariae 18 parts, rye grass 35 parts, spirulina 15 parts, wheat-middlings 30 parts, cod-liver oil 2 parts.
The fry cultivated with this method, cultivates in locality, and survival rate of fish fry arrives more than 83%, if reducing about 50% by cultivation, survival rate to more than 46%, and prevalence after transporting than common method for culturing seedlings, scientific management, reduces seedling cost, improves the economic benefit of fry.
Claims (2)
1. the method for culturing seedlings of a Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) height of seedling survival rate, it is characterised in that including indoor culture and two stages of outdoor cultivation, concrete grammar comprises the following steps:
(1) greenhouse cultivation pond prepares: after being sterilized by cement pit, injects water, controls water depth of water 0.5-0.6m, salinity 3-5.5%, pH value 7.8-8.2, pond water temperature 16-26 DEG C, dissolved oxygen amount 6-10mg/L, ammonium nitrogen 0.2-0.4mg/L, illumination 800-2500Lux;
(2) input of fry: render to the prelarva cultivated through opening by 2.5-3 ten thousand tails/m cultivate in pond;
(3) the throwing something and feeding of bait: after prelarva opening, every morning adds wheel animalcule in culture pond, described wheel animalcule is added Ovum Gallus domesticus album and bakery yeast hot housing by mixed vegetable oil and obtains, keeping wheel animalcule density in nursery pond is 6-10/ml, and contains the bean milk of 10% Sucus Chaenomelis once by the specification of 100-120g/m is unreasonable like a shrew in pond;Pond was cultivated after 6 days, sooner or later respectively throw something and feed every day wheel animalcule once, density is 12-18/ml, and contains the bean milk of 18% Sucus Chaenomelis once by the specification of 150-200g/m is unreasonable like a shrew in pond at noon;After pond is cultivated 18 days, small fish is forwarded to outdoor culture pond and cultivates;
(4) irritability of fry is taken exercise: at the indoor culture initial stage, holding illumination is 800-1500Lux;After indoor culture pond is cultivated 10 days, holding illumination is 1500-2500Lux, control pond water temperature to switch once every 8 hours between 16-20 DEG C and 22-26 DEG C, and in the morning and the dusk, positions different in pond adds vortex impact current, shifting a few days ago, the dissolved oxygen amount in increase water to 8-10mg/L;
(5) outdoor nursery pond prepares and fry is thrown in: controlling the water depth of water is 1.5-2m, and salinity is 1-2%, and pH value is 6.5-7, and dissolved oxygen amount is 4-6mg/L, ammonium nitrogen 0.5-0.8mg/L, and transparency is 40-50cm;
The input density of fry is 1200-1500 tail/m;
(6) the throwing something and feeding of outdoor bait: every day feedstuff the 12-15% that feeding volume is fry body weight, fresh water of throwing something and feeding every day scratches foot class twice, coordinate by Radix Puerariae, rye grass, spirulina be the suspension pellet made of primary raw material once, wherein, suspension pellet accounts for the 10-15% of day feedstuff, when fry body length reaches 6-10cm, fry can be proceeded to growing pond or transport to and desirably cultivate;
(7) water quality management: prelarva, before the input of outdoor, introduces 106-108The bead algae solution of individual/ml, water keeps pale green, changes water 20-40% every day, dirt at the bottom of periodic cleaning pond and the greasy dirt on water surface.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Va-lenciennes) (Lateolabracis) height of seedling survival rate the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the described each material component of suspension pellet is as follows: Radix Puerariae 15-20 part, rye grass 50-60 part, spirulina 15-20 part, wheat-middlings 25-30 part, cod-liver oil 2-3 part.
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CN113383733A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-14 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Artificial cultivation method for young spiny head mermaid |
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