CN111213601A - Indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for intercross hybrid of humpback bass and epinephelus lanceolatus - Google Patents
Indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for intercross hybrid of humpback bass and epinephelus lanceolatus Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of a ostrich bass and a epinephelus, which comprises (1) cement pond pretreatment, and (2) feeding hybridized fry, (3) high-temperature low-salinity domestication, wherein the hybridized fry is 4-6 days old, and is subjected to low-salt domestication for 2-3 days in the first stage; carrying out low-salt domestication on 18-20-day-old hybrid fry for 4-5 days in the second stage; (4) feeding management, namely feeding transitional baits to 13-day-old hybrid fish fries every day after 10-day-old hybrid fish fries; after 20 days of age of the hybrid fry, feeding transitional bait to the hybrid fry with 25 days of age every day; (5) regulating and controlling water quality and illumination. The artificial breeding method of the indoor cement pond effectively improves the vitality of the hybrid fry, reduces the stress reaction of the fry and enhances the feeding ability; promote the fry to better adapt to the replacement of bait feeding, reduce the deformity rate and improve the growth quality and the survival rate of the hybrid fry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for intercross species of a camelback bass and a epinephelus lanceolatus.
Background
Bactria cantonensis (Chromapietes altivelis) belongs to the order Perciformes, family Basidae, genus Bactria, also known as rat macula, is tropical seawater reef-dwelling fish, and has distribution in the main areas of India ocean, African coastal ocean and Western pacific, south China's sea, Taiwan strait and hong Kong sea area. The juvenile fish is beautiful in color, can be used as an ornamental fish, is delicious in taste after being grown up, and is a very high-grade edible fish. Epinephelus lanceolatus (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is commonly named as Longwharf and Gentiana maculata, is the largest species of the groupers, is an edible fish with high economic value, and has delicious meat quality and rich nutrition. The research on the artificial hybrid breeding technology by taking the camelback bass as a female parent and the epinephelus lanceolatus as a male parent is less, although the interspecies hybrid filial generation epinephelus can have good hybrid growth advantages of the two parents, the artificial breeding technology of the hybrid filial generation is not mature at present, the survival rate of the fry is low, the aberration rate is high, the stress response is strong, the growth quality difference is large, the seedlings of the hybrid fry are rare, the seedling defect is limited, and the development of the artificial scale breeding of the interspecies hybrid epinephelus lanceolatus of the camelback bass and the epinephelus lanceolatus is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of the intercross species of the camel-back bass and the epinephelus lanceolatus, which has high survival rate, low aberration rate and balanced growth.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of crossbreed between humpback bass and Epinephelus lanceolatus comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cement pool:
the selected area is more than 65m2The cement pond is filled with sand with the depth of 1.5-2.0 m for filtering seawater; adding 0.3-0.6 mg/L EM probiotic preparation into the pond every day two weeks before feeding the first hatched hybrid fry, wherein the mass ratio of the EM probiotic preparation to the pond every day is 5: (2-3): (2-3) keeping the water transparency of 55-65 cm by using spirulina, chlorella and skeletonema costatum;
(2) and (3) throwing the hybrid fry:
before the hybrid fry is put into a pond for one week, regulating and controlling the salinity of a water body to be 27-32, the pH value to be 7.6-8.0 and the dissolved oxygen in water to be more than or equal to 6.5 mg/L; putting the newly hatched hybrid fry into the fry with the density of 10000-12000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, controlling the temperature of the water in the pool to be 26-28 ℃, and controlling the water flow to be less than or equal to 0.2 m/s;
(3) high temperature low salinity acclimation
After the 4-6-day-old hybrid fish fries are domesticated with low salt in a first stage for 2-3 days at the temperature of 29.5-30.5 ℃ and the salinity of a water body reduced by 24-25 and the water flow of 0.1-0.2 m/s, the salinity of the water body is kept at 27-28, the temperature is 26-27 ℃ and the water flow is 0.1-0.2 m/s, and the breeding is continued;
after the 18-20-day-old hybrid fish fries are bred, the salinity of a water body is reduced by 20-22 days, the temperature is 30.5-31.5 ℃, the water flow is 0.3-0.4 m/s, the second-stage low-salt acclimation is carried out for 4-5 days, the salinity of the water body is kept at 25-26, the temperature is 28-29 ℃, and the water flow is 0.2-0.4 m/s until the breeding is finished;
(4) feeding management:
3-15 days old hybrid fry: feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m every day, wherein the bait density is 15-20/ml, feeding copepods nauplius larva and oyster fertilized eggs every day after 10-day-old hybrid fish fries are 10-12/ml, feeding transitional bait with particle size of 100-200 mu m every day until 13-day-old hybrid fish fries are fed, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-6% of the fish weight, and feeding for 2-3 times every day;
16-30 days old hybrid fry: feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidacea larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 13-15 per ml; feeding transition baits with the particle size of 250-300 mu m to the 25-day-old hybrid fish fries every day after the hybrid fish fries are 20 days old, wherein the daily dosage is 5-8% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-4 times;
and (3) hybridizing the fry 31 days old until the end of seedling culture: feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and compound feed; the daily dosage is 10-12% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 4-5 times;
(5) water quality and illumination regulation
After one week of seedling culture, the indoor illumination condition is timely adjusted, and the filtered seawater and the bottom dirt and residual bait are periodically replaced and removed. The invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of a ostrich bass and a epinephelus, which realizes the high-efficiency breeding of hybrid fry in an indoor cement pond artificial breeding mode, wherein the stress reaction of the initially hatched hybrid fry in the pond is reduced by regulating and controlling the water body environmental condition and the nutritional condition before the fry is put into the pond and regulating and controlling the salinity, the temperature and the water flow condition of the fry in the pond, and the indoor cement pond artificial breeding method is favorable for the environment adaptation after the fry is put into the pond. In the early development process of the fry, the second high-temperature low-salinity domestication is carried out by selecting a proper fish age stage, so that the vitality of the hybrid fry is improved, and the situation that the ingestion capacity of the fry is influenced by over weakness caused by strong stress reaction of the hybrid fry in the bait changing and feeding process is effectively avoided; meanwhile, transition baits are scientifically compounded by adopting soybean meal, hawthorn powder, yeast and vitamin C, a proper fish age stage is selected and divided into two stages for feeding the transition baits, the feeding transition stage is further provided for the hybrid fry in the early fish age stage, the fry is promoted to be better adapted to the replacement of bait feeding, the feeding capability of the fry in the bait replacement stage is enhanced, the digestion, absorption and balanced growth of the fry on the baits are promoted, the aberration rate is reduced, and the growth quality and survival rate of the hybrid fry are improved.
Further, in the step (2), the first hatched hybrid fry is put into the first hatched hybrid fry with the density of 11000 tails/m3Putting the water into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 27 ℃, the water flow is less than or equal to 0.2m/s, the salinity is 28, and the pH value is 7.8.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the hybrid larval fish is domesticated for 3 days in a first stage with low salt at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the water flow of 0.15m/s after the 5-day-old hybrid larval fish begins; when the hybrid fry is 19 days old, the salinity of the water body is reduced to 20, the temperature is 31 ℃, and the water flow is 0.35m/s, and the second stage of low-salt acclimation is carried out for 5 days. By selecting a proper fish age stage to perform secondary high-temperature low-salinity acclimation, the salinity, the temperature and the flow rate of the water body are synchronously regulated and controlled, the adaptation capacity of the water body environment and the bait transformation in the early development process of the fry is improved, the vitality of the hybrid fry is enhanced, and the stress response is reduced.
Further explaining, in the step (4), the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10.5 parts of soybean meal, 5.5 parts of hawthorn powder, 2.5 parts of yeast and 0.03 part of vitamin C. By adopting the transition bait to assist feeding in due time according to the growth and development characteristics of the hybrid fry, the fry is better adapted to the bait replacement in different stages, the ingestion capability of the fry in the bait replacement stage is kept, and the nutrition balance and growth balance of the individual fry are maintained.
Further explaining, in the step (4), when the hybrid fry is 45 days old, pool separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 1 ten thousand tails/m3The following. Avoid the phenomena of pathogenic organism growth and fry rearing food caused by overlarge fry density.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the spirulina to the chlorella to the skeletonema is 5: 2: 3.
further, in step (5), the adjusting indoor lighting conditions are as follows: setting indoor illumination conditions of 1200-15001 x and 10-13 h/d for the first week of the hybrid fry in the pond; the third week of the hybrid fry entering the pond, wherein indoor illumination conditions are 1600-2000lx and 12-13 h/d; and 3, enabling the hybrid fry to enter the pond from the fourth week to the end of seedling raising, and adopting indoor illumination conditions of 2200-25001x for 13-15 h/d.
Further, in step (5), the periodic replacement of the filtered seawater: after the hybrid fry is put into the pond, the water is not changed for the first week; in the second week, 3-6% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; in the third week, 10-15% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; and after the fourth week, replacing the filtered seawater by 18-23% every day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of the intercross species of the humpback bass and the epinephelus lanceolatus effectively realizes the efficient breeding of the hybrid fry in the indoor cement pond artificial breeding mode. By regulating and controlling the water body environmental conditions and the nutritional conditions before the fries are put into the pond and regulating and controlling the salinity, the temperature and the water flow conditions of the fries put into the pond, the stress reaction of the primarily hatched hybrid fries put into the pond is reduced, and the fries are beneficial to the adaptation to the environment after being put into the pond. In the process of early development of the fry, the second high-temperature low-salinity domestication is carried out by selecting a proper fish age stage, so that the vitality of the hybrid fry is improved, and the situation that the ingestion capacity of the fry is influenced by over weakness caused by strong stress reaction in the process of changing bait and feeding the hybrid fry is effectively avoided; meanwhile, transition baits are scientifically compounded by adopting soybean meal, hawthorn powder, yeast and vitamin C, a proper fish age stage is selected and divided into two stages for feeding the transition baits, the feeding transition stage is further provided for the hybrid fry in the early fish age stage, the fry is promoted to be better adapted to the replacement of bait feeding, the feeding capability of the fry in the bait replacement stage is enhanced, the digestion, absorption and balanced growth of the fry on the baits are promoted, the aberration rate is reduced, and the growth quality and survival rate of the hybrid fry are improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of humpback bass and epinephelus, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cement pool:
selecting the area of 68m2The cement pond is filled with sand with the water depth of 1.5m to filter seawater; adding 0.3mg/L EM probiotic preparation into the pond every day two weeks before feeding the first hatched hybrid fry, wherein the mass ratio of the EM probiotic preparation to the pond every day is 5: 2: 2, keeping the water transparency of 55-65 cm by using spirulina, chlorella and skeletonema costatum;
(2) and (3) throwing the hybrid fry:
before the hybrid fry is put into a pond for one week, regulating and controlling the salinity of a water body to be 27, the pH value to be 7.6 and the dissolved oxygen in water to be more than or equal to 6.5 mg/L; the newly hatched hybrid fry is added with the denseDegree is 10000 tail/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, controlling the temperature of the water in the pool to be 26 ℃, and controlling the water flow to be less than or equal to 0.2 m/s;
(3) high temperature low salinity acclimation
After the 4-day-old hybrid fish fries are domesticated with low salt for 2 days in the first stage by reducing the salinity of a water body to 24 at the temperature of 29.5 ℃ and the water flow to 0.1m/s, keeping the salinity of the water body to 27-28 at the temperature of 26-27 ℃ and continuing to cultivate the hybrid fish fries with the water flow of 0.1-0.2 m/s;
after 18-day-old hybrid fish fries are bred, the salinity of a water body is reduced to 20 days, the temperature is 30.5 ℃, the water flow is 0.3m/s, the water body is kept at 25-26 salinity and 28-29 ℃ after low-salt domestication for 4 days in the second stage, and the water flow is 0.2-0.4 m/s until the breeding is finished;
(4) feeding management:
3-15 days old hybrid fry: feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m every day, wherein the bait density is 15/ml, feeding copepods nauplius larva and oyster fertilized eggs every day after 10 days of hybrid fry, feeding transitional bait with the bait density of 10/ml and the particle size of 100 mu m every day to 13 days of hybrid fry, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight of the fish, and feeding for 2 times every day;
16-30 days old hybrid fry: feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidacea larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 13 per ml; after 20 days of age of the hybrid fry, feeding transition bait with the grain diameter of 250 mu m to 25 days of age of the hybrid fry every day, wherein the daily dosage is 5 percent of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3 times;
and (3) hybridizing the fry 31 days old until the end of seedling culture: feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and compound feed; the daily dosage is 10% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 4 times;
(5) water quality and illumination regulation
After one week of seedling culture, the indoor illumination conditions are adjusted in time: setting indoor illumination conditions of 12001x and 13h/d for the first week of the hybrid fry in the pond; the third week of the hybrid fry is put into the pond, and the indoor illumination condition is 1600lx and 13 h/d; the hybrid fry is put into the pond from the fourth week to the end of the fry culture, and the indoor illumination condition is 22001x and 13 h/d; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom.
Wherein, the bio-organic fertilizer (special for aquatic products) mainly comprises: the water-fertilizing flora and nutrient substances include photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactobacillus, yeast, azotobacter, trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, manganese and the like, humic acid and vitamin substances.
The regular replacement of the filtered seawater: after the hybrid fry is put into the pond, the water is not changed for the first week; in the second week, 3-6% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; in the third week, 10-15% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; after the fourth week, 18-23% of the filtered seawater is changed every day, as follows.
Embodiment 2-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of humpback bass and epinephelus, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cement pool:
selecting the area of 68m2The cement pond is filled with sand with the water depth of 2.0m to filter seawater; adding 0.6mg/L EM probiotic preparation into the pond every day two weeks before feeding the first hatched hybrid fry, wherein the mass ratio of the EM probiotic preparation to the pond every day is 5: 3: 3, keeping the water transparency of 55-65 cm by using spirulina, chlorella and skeletonema costatum;
(2) and (3) throwing the hybrid fry:
before the hybrid fry is put into a pond for one week, regulating and controlling the salinity of a water body to be 32, the pH value to be 8.0 and the dissolved oxygen in water to be more than or equal to 6.5 mg/L; the newly hatched hybrid fry is put in the fry with the density of 12000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, controlling the temperature of the water in the pool to be 28 ℃, and controlling the water flow to be less than or equal to 0.2 m/s;
(3) high temperature low salinity acclimation
After the 6-day-old hybrid fish fries are domesticated with low salt for 3 days in the first stage by reducing the salinity of a water body to 25 at the temperature of 30.5 ℃ and the water flow to 0.2m/s, keeping the salinity of the water body to 27-28 at the temperature of 26-27 ℃ and continuing to cultivate the hybrid fish fries with the water flow of 0.1-0.2 m/s;
after 20-day-old hybrid fish fries are bred by reducing the salinity of a water body to 22 at the temperature of 31.5 ℃ and the water flow to 0.4m/s for 5 days of low-salt domestication in the second stage, keeping the salinity of the water body to 25-26 at the temperature of 28-29 ℃ and cultivating the water flow to 0.2-0.4 m/s until the breeding is finished;
(4) feeding management:
3-15 days old hybrid fry: feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m every day, wherein the bait density is 20/ml, feeding copepods nauplius larva and oyster fertilized eggs every day after 10 days of hybrid fry, the bait density is 12/ml, feeding transitional bait with the particle size of 200 mu m every day to 13 days of hybrid fry, the daily feeding amount is 6 percent of the fish body weight, and feeding for 3 times every day;
16-30 days old hybrid fry: feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidacea larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 15 per ml; after 20 days of age of the hybrid fry, feeding transition bait with the grain diameter of 300 mu m to 25 days of age of the hybrid fry every day, wherein the daily dosage is 8 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is carried out for 4 times a day;
and (3) hybridizing the fry 31 days old until the end of seedling culture: feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and compound feed; the daily dosage is 12% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 5 times;
(5) water quality and illumination regulation
After one week of seedling culture, the indoor illumination conditions are adjusted in time: setting the indoor illumination condition to be 15001x and 10h/d for the first week of the hybrid fry in the pond; the third week of the hybrid fry entering the pool, indoor illumination conditions are 2000lx and 12 h/d; the hybrid fry is put into the pond for the fourth week until the fry culture is finished, and indoor illumination conditions are 25001x and 13 h/d; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom.
Embodiment 3-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of humpback bass and epinephelus, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cement pool:
selecting an area of 70m2The cement pond is filled with sand with the water depth of 1.8m to filter seawater; adding 0.5mg/L EM probiotic preparation into the pond every day two weeks before feeding the first hatched hybrid fry, wherein the mass ratio of the EM probiotic preparation to the pond every day is 5: 2: 3, keeping the water transparency of 55-65 cm by using spirulina, chlorella and skeletonema costatum;
(2) and (3) throwing the hybrid fry:
before the hybrid fry is put into a pond for one week, regulating and controlling the salinity of a water body to be 28, the pH value to be 7.8 and the dissolved oxygen in water to be more than or equal to 6.5 mg/L; the newly hatched hybrid fry is put in the fry with the density of 11000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, controlling the temperature of the water in the pool to be 27 ℃, and controlling the water flow to be less than or equal to 0.2 m/s;
(3) high temperature low salinity acclimation
5-day-old hybrid fish fries are bred, the salinity of a water body is reduced to 24 days, the temperature is 30 ℃, the water flow is 0.15m/s, the first-stage low-salt acclimation is carried out for 3 days, the salinity of the water body is kept to be 27-28, the temperature is 26-27 ℃, and the water flow is 0.1-0.2 m/s, and then continuous cultivation is carried out;
after the hybrid fry is aged for 19 days, the salinity of the water body is reduced to 20 days, the temperature is 31 ℃, the water flow is 0.35m/s, the second-stage low-salt acclimation is carried out for 5 days, the salinity of the water body is kept to be 25-26, the temperature is 28-29 ℃, and the water flow is 0.2-0.4 m/s, and the breeding is finished;
(4) feeding management:
3-15 days old hybrid fry: feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m every day, wherein the bait density is 18 pieces/ml, feeding copepods nauplius larva and oyster fertilized eggs every day after 10 days of hybrid fry, the bait density is 11 pieces/ml, feeding transitional bait with the grain size of 150 mu m every day to 13 days of hybrid fry, the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the fish body weight, and feeding for 3 times every day;
16-30 days old hybrid fry: feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidacea larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 14 per ml; after 20 days of age of the hybrid fry, feeding transitional bait with the grain diameter of 260 mu m to 25 days of age of the hybrid fry every day, wherein the daily dosage is 7 percent of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 4 times;
and (3) hybridizing the fry 31 days old until the end of seedling culture: feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and compound feed; the daily dosage is 11% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 5 times;
(5) water quality and illumination regulation
After one week of seedling culture, the indoor illumination conditions are adjusted in time: setting indoor illumination conditions of 13001x and 12h/d for the first week of the hybrid fry in the pond; the third week of the hybrid fry is put into the pond, and indoor illumination conditions are 1800lx and 13 h/d; the hybrid fry is put into the pond for the fourth week until the fry culture is finished, and the indoor illumination condition is 23001x and 14 h/d; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom.
Comparative example 1-indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of camelback bass and epinephelus lanceolatus according to example 3, with the difference that: in the step (3), high-temperature low-salt acclimation is not carried out.
Comparative example 2-indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of humpback bass and Epinephelus lanceolatus according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (3), high-temperature salinity acclimation is performed only when the hybrid fry is 19 days old.
Comparative example 3-indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of humpback bass and epinephelus according to example 3, with the difference that: in the step (4), feeding the hybrid fish fries with transition baits which do not contain hawthorn powder and yeast when the hybrid fish fries are 10 days old and 20 days old.
Comparative example 4-indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of intercross species of humpback bass and Epinephelus lanceolatus according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (4), transitional bait feeding is respectively carried out to the age of 18 days and the age of 30 days when the hybrid fry are 15 days old and 25 days old.
According to the indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of the crossbreeds between the backstek and the epinephelus lanceolatus of the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, 30 individuals are respectively sampled, and the survival rate of the crossbreeds is counted, and the ingestion incidence rate of the crossbreeds before 30 days old, the average body length and the aberration rate of the 30 days old fries (the ingestion incidence rate (%) is the ratio of the individuals containing the bait in the alimentary canal to the total sampled individuals), the results are as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, by the indoor cement pit artificial breeding method of the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus of the embodiments 1-3 of the invention, the ingestion rate of 30-day old fry is obviously increased, the survival rate of hybrid fry and the average body length of 30-day old fry are obviously improved, the deformity rate is low, therefore, the invention selects proper fish age stage to carry out secondary high-temperature low-salinity domestication, improves the vitality of the hybrid fry, enhances the feeding capacity of the fry, meanwhile, the soybean meal, the hawthorn powder, the yeast and the vitamin C are scientifically compounded to obtain the transitional bait, and the proper fish age stage is selected and divided into two stages for feeding the transitional bait, so that the feeding capability of the hybrid fry in the bait replacement stage can be effectively maintained, the balanced growth of the hybrid fry is promoted, the deformity rate is reduced, and the survival rate and the growth quality of the fry are effectively improved. In addition, as can be seen from comparative example 2, when a single high-temperature low-salt acclimation is carried out after the hybrid fry is more than 15 days old, the fry is easy to be acclimated excessively, the stress response is strengthened, and the fry is weakened excessively to cause death; it is further shown in comparative example 4 that the feeding time of the transitional bait is not too early or too late, which easily results in accumulated and wasted bait, and too late which easily fails to make the larval fish fully adapt to the change of bait feeding, which affects the food intake and results in the reduction of the growth quality of the larval fish and the increase of the deformity rate.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of crossbreed between a humpback bass and a epinephelus lanceolatus is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cement pool:
the selected area is more than 65m2The cement pond is filled with sand with the depth of 1.5-2.0 m for filtering seawater; adding 0.3-0.6 mg/L EM probiotic preparation into the pond every day two weeks before feeding the first hatched hybrid fry, wherein the mass ratio of the EM probiotic preparation to the pond every day is 5: (2-3): (2-3) keeping the water transparency of 55-65 cm by using spirulina, chlorella and skeletonema costatum;
(2) and (3) throwing the hybrid fry:
before the hybrid fry is put into a pond for one week, regulating and controlling the salinity of a water body to be 27-32, the pH value to be 7.6-8.0 and the dissolved oxygen in water to be more than or equal to 6.5 mg/L; putting the newly hatched hybrid fry into the fry with the density of 10000-12000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, controlling the temperature of the water in the pool to be 26-28 ℃, and controlling the water flow to be less than or equal to 0.2 m/s;
(3) high temperature low salinity acclimation
After the 4-6-day-old hybrid fish fries are domesticated with low salt in a first stage for 2-3 days at the temperature of 29.5-30.5 ℃ and the salinity of a water body reduced by 24-25 and the water flow of 0.1-0.2 m/s, the salinity of the water body is kept at 27-28, the temperature is 26-27 ℃ and the water flow is 0.1-0.2 m/s, and the breeding is continued;
after the 18-20-day-old hybrid fish fries are bred, the salinity of a water body is reduced by 20-22 days, the temperature is 30.5-31.5 ℃, the water flow is 0.3-0.4 m/s, the second-stage low-salt acclimation is carried out for 4-5 days, the salinity of the water body is kept at 25-26, the temperature is 28-29 ℃, and the water flow is 0.2-0.4 m/s until the breeding is finished;
(4) feeding management:
3-15 days old hybrid fry: feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m every day, wherein the bait density is 15-20/ml, feeding copepods nauplius larva and oyster fertilized eggs every day after 10-day-old hybrid fish fries are 10-12/ml, feeding transitional bait with particle size of 100-200 mu m every day until 13-day-old hybrid fish fries are fed, wherein the daily feeding amount is 3-6% of the fish weight, and feeding for 2-3 times every day;
16-30 days old hybrid fry: feeding the adult copepods and the live mysidacea larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 13-15 per ml; feeding transition baits with the particle size of 250-300 mu m to the 25-day-old hybrid fish fries every day after the hybrid fish fries are 20 days old, wherein the daily dosage is 5-8% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-4 times;
and (3) hybridizing the fry 31 days old until the end of seedling culture: feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and compound feed; the daily dosage is 10-12% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 4-5 times;
(5) water quality and illumination regulation
After one week of seedling culture, the indoor illumination condition is timely adjusted, and the filtered seawater and the bottom dirt and residual bait are periodically replaced and removed.
2. The method for artificially breeding the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the newly hatched hybrid fry is put into a fish larva with the density of 11000 tails/m3Putting the water into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 27 ℃, the water flow is less than or equal to 0.2m/s, the salinity is 28, and the pH value is 7.8.
3. The method for artificially breeding the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the hybrid fry begins to age 5 days, the salinity of a water body is reduced to 24, the temperature is 30 ℃, and the water flow is 0.15m/s, and the low-salt acclimation of the first stage is carried out for 3 days; when the hybrid fry is 19 days old, the salinity of the water body is reduced to 20, the temperature is 31 ℃, and the water flow is 0.35m/s, and the second stage of low-salt acclimation is carried out for 5 days.
4. The method for artificially breeding the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10.5 parts of soybean meal, 5.5 parts of hawthorn powder, 2.5 parts of yeast and 0.03 part of vitamin C.
5. The method for artificially breeding the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), when the hybrid fry is 45 days old, pool separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 1 ten thousand tails/m3The following.
6. The method for artificially breeding the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the spirulina to the chlorella to the skeletonema is 5: 2: 3.
7. the method for artificially breeding the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), the adjusting of the indoor illumination condition is as follows: setting indoor illumination conditions of 1200-15001 x and 10-13 h/d for the first week of the hybrid fry in the pond; the third week of the hybrid fry entering the pond, wherein indoor illumination conditions are 1600-2000lx and 12-13 h/d; and 3, enabling the hybrid fry to enter the pond from the fourth week to the end of seedling raising, and adopting indoor illumination conditions of 2200-25001x for 13-15 h/d.
8. The method for artificially breeding the hybrid between the Lateolabrax japonicus and the Epinephelus lanceolatus in the indoor cement pond as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (5), periodically replacing the filtered seawater: after the hybrid fry is put into the pond, the water is not changed for the first week; in the second week, 3-6% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; in the third week, 10-15% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; and after the fourth week, replacing the filtered seawater by 18-23% every day.
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Denomination of invention: An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for hybrid species between humpback bass and saddle banded grouper Granted publication date: 20220218 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Sanya Branch Pledgor: HAINAN CHENHAI AQUATIC Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980006088 |
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