CN111149738B - Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for hybrid seeds of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybridus - Google Patents

Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for hybrid seeds of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybridus Download PDF

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CN111149738B
CN111149738B CN202010125202.4A CN202010125202A CN111149738B CN 111149738 B CN111149738 B CN 111149738B CN 202010125202 A CN202010125202 A CN 202010125202A CN 111149738 B CN111149738 B CN 111149738B
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epinephelus
fry
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CN111149738A (en
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蔡金泉
蔡春有
蔡艺新
蔡有森
蔡建顺
黄春仁
李伟
蔡四川
蔡惠明
张国庆
蔡智怀
王景宝
刘赐福
李伟峰
陈猛猛
吴光灿
陈艺斌
罗磊
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Hainan Chenhai Aquatic Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/347—Use of yeasts or fungi
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for hybrid species of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybridus, which comprises the steps of (1) pretreatment of a breeding environment, (2) putting into a pond for breeding, and (3) feeding management, wherein 3-7-day-old hybrid fry are fed with rotifers every day; feeding copepod nauplii every day when the hybrid fish larvae are 8-15 days old, and feeding mixed powdery bait every other day; feeding adult copepods every day for 16-30 days of hybrid fish fries, and feeding mixed powdery baits every day; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the hybrid fish fry after the 31-day-old fry is finished; continuously feeding transitional baits for 2-3 days respectively when the 5-day-old and 10-day-old hybrid fish fries are grown; (4) and (5) regulating and controlling the water quality. The invention effectively improves the food intake of the hybrid fry in the low age stage, promotes the fry to better adapt to the change of bait feeding, improves the nutrition balance and growth balance of individual fries, and improves the survival rate and growth quality of fries.

Description

Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for hybrid seeds of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybridus
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for hybrid species of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybridus.
Background
Epinephelus coioides (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) belongs to the order Perciformes, the family Sermonidae and the genus Epinephelus, also known as Epinephelus striatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and is distributed in sea areas such as the east coast of red sea, India Africa, Pacific Paenia, Beida Youyu Islands, Penghu Islands and the like, and the Epinephelus coioides is widely used for breeding and production because of its powerful food intake and rapid growth. Epinephelus polyphekadion, a species of genus Atlantic of the family Sermonidae, is distributed throughout the sea in the Falisima and southern Japan, in the red sea, east coast of Africa, where adult fish are brown in color throughout the body. The trailing edge of the tail fin is circular. The existing hybrid offspring grouper obtained by artificial hybridization by taking the epinephelus fuscoguttatus as a female parent and the epinephelus hybridus as a male parent can have good hybrid growth advantages, but the ingestion and growth of the hybrid fry in the early development stage have important influence on the survival and growth of early hatching, but the existing artificial fry technology for the hybrid of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the epinephelus hybridus is still in the stages of low fry survival rate and low fry quality, and the development of large-scale production of the hybrid epinephelus hybridus fries is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides the high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the hybrid of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus hybridus, which has high survival rate and high ingestion rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for hybrid species of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybrida comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with the water depth of 1.8-2.2 m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 7-10 days, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly sprinkling 10-14 kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Adding chlorella and schizochytrium at the mass ratio of (3-1): 1 every day before the newly hatched hybrid fry is put into the pond for a week, and keeping the water transparency at 40-50 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the density of the first hatched hybrid fry is 8000-12000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the temperature of the water in the pool is 26-28 ℃, and putting the salt in the poolThe temperature is 28-33, and the pH value is 7.8-8.0;
(3) feeding management
Feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-7 days of hybrid fry, wherein the bait feeding density is 12-15/ml; feeding copepod nauplii at 8-15 days old for the hybrid fish larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 5-8/ml, and feeding mixed powdery bait with the particle size of 150-200 mu m every other day, wherein the mixed powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: (5-10) feeding the flour weevil powder and the earthworm powder for 2-3 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount of the flour weevil powder and the earthworm powder is 2-5% of the weight of the fish; feeding 16-30-day-old hybrid fry with copepods adults every day, wherein the bait density is 10-12/ml, the mixed powder bait with the particle size of 300-500 mu m is fed every day, the daily feeding amount is 7-9% of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is performed for 3-4 times a day; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the hybrid fish fry after the 31-day-old fry is finished; the daily dosage is 9-11% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-5 times;
when the 5-day-old and 10-day-old hybrid fish fries are respectively and continuously fed with transition baits with the grain size of 100-300 mu m for 2-3 days, wherein the transition baits comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 3-5 parts of hawthorn powder, 1-2 parts of yeast and 0.02-0.03 part of vitamin C; the daily dosage is 3-8% of the weight of the fish, and the fish is fed for 2-3 times per day;
(4) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and natural algae are added every 2-3 days to regulate water quality, so that the transparency of a water body is kept at 32-38 cm, and filtered seawater and dirt and residual baits at the bottom of the pond are periodically replaced and removed. The invention provides an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of hybrid species of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus lucidus, which provides good pond-entering environment and nutrition condition for the first-hatched hybrid fry through the optimization treatment of the breeding environment of the outdoor pond and the regulation and control of the pond-entering condition of the first-hatched hybrid fry, optimizes the feeding management of each early development stage according to the feeding characteristics of different growth stages of the hybrid fry, and on one hand, the biological bait is matched with the mixed bait compounded by Tenebrio molitor powder and earthworm powder for combined feeding below 30 days old of the hybrid fry, thereby greatly improving the food intake of the hybrid fry at the low age stage and improving the growth speed of the fry; on the other hand, the transition bait obtained by scientifically compounding the soybean meal, the hawthorn powder, the yeast and the vitamin C is utilized to provide a feeding transition stage for the hybrid fish fry in an early fish age stage, so that the fish fry is promoted to better adapt to the change of bait feeding, the feeding capability of the fish fry in a bait replacement stage is maintained, the nutrient digestion and absorption of the fish fry are improved, the nutrition balance and the growth balance of individual fish fry are facilitated, the survival rate and the growth quality of the fish fry are greatly improved, and the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding of the hybrid fish fry of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the epinephelus hybridus is realized.
Further, in the step (2), the first hatched hybrid fry is added to the first hatched hybrid fry at a density of 10000 tails/m3Putting into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 27 ℃, the salinity in the pool is 30, and the pH value is 7.9.
Further explaining, in the step (3), feeding mixed powdery baits with the grain diameter of 150 microns every other day for 8-15 days old hybrid fish fries; the daily dosage is 3.5% of the weight of the fish, and feeding is carried out for 3 times before 7 o' clock in the evening; the hybrid fry is 16-30 days old, mixed powder bait with the grain size of 350 mu m is fed every day, the daily feeding amount is 8.5 percent of the weight of the fish, and the hybrid fry is fed for 4 times before 7 o' clock in the evening.
Further explaining, in the step (3), the mixed powdery bait comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 8 yellow mealworm powder and earthworm powder.
Further explaining, in the step (3), when the 5-day-old hybrid fish fries are 5 days old, the hybrid fish fries are continuously fed with transition baits with the grain size of 100-120 mu m for 2 days; continuously feeding transitional baits with the grain diameter of 200-300 mu m for 3 days when the hybrid fish fries are 10 days old; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of hawthorn powder, 1.5 parts of yeast and 0.025 part of vitamin C. By adopting the transition bait to assist feeding in due time according to the growth and development characteristics of the fry, the fry is better adapted to the bait replacement in different stages, the ingestion capability of the fry in the bait replacement stage is kept, and the nutrition balance and growth balance of the individual fry are maintained.
Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the chlorella to schizochytrium is 2: 1.
Further, in the step (4), the natural algae is mixed algae obtained by culturing chlorella, schizochytrium limacinum and skeletonema with a water-fertilizing enhancement ratio of 1:2: 4.
Further explaining, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the nitrifying bacteria is (1-3): (1-3) and (1-2).
Further explaining, in the step (4), 3-5% of filtered seawater is changed every day after one week of seedling culture; after two weeks of seedling culture, 8-12% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; after three weeks of seedling culture, 15-25% of filtered seawater is replaced every day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the breeding environment of the outdoor pond is optimized, the pond entering conditions of the primarily hatched hybrid fry are regulated, good pond entering environment and nutrition conditions are provided for the primarily hatched hybrid fry, and feeding management in each early development stage is optimized according to the feeding characteristics of different growth stages of the hybrid fry, on one hand, the hybrid fry is fed in a combined manner by matching biological feed with mixed feed compounded by yellow mealworm powder and earthworm powder at the age of 30 days or less, so that the food intake of the hybrid fry in the low age stage is greatly improved, and the growth speed of the fry is improved; on the other hand, the transition bait obtained by scientifically compounding the soybean meal, the hawthorn powder, the yeast and the vitamin C is utilized to provide a feeding transition stage for the hybrid fish fry in an early fish age stage, so that the fish fry is promoted to better adapt to the change of bait feeding, the feeding capability of the fish fry in a bait replacement stage is maintained, the nutrient digestion and absorption of the fish fry are improved, and the nutrient balance and growth balance of individual fish fry are further facilitated, so that the survival rate and growth quality of the fish fry are greatly improved, and the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding of hybrid rockfish fries of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the epinephelus hybridus is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-a high-efficiency method for artificially breeding hybrid epinephelus fuscoguttatus and epinephelus hybridus in outdoor ecological pond, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with the water depth of 1.8m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 7 days, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly sprinkling 10kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Adding chlorella and schizochytrium in a mass ratio of 3:1 every day before the newly hatched hybrid fry is put into the pond for a week, and keeping the transparency of the water body to be 40-50 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the density of the first hatched hybrid fry is 8000 tails/m3Putting into a pool, wherein the temperature of the water in the pool is 26 ℃, the salinity of the water in the pool is 28, and the pH value is 7.8;
(3) feeding management
Feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-7 days of hybrid fry, wherein the bait feeding density is 12 pieces/ml; feeding copepod nauplii at 8-15 days old for the hybrid fish larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 5 per ml, and feeding mixed powdery bait with the particle size of 180 mu m every other day, wherein the mixed powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5, the daily dosage of the tenebrio molitor powder and the earthworm powder is 2 percent of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 2 times; feeding 16-30-day-old hybrid fry with copepods adults every day, wherein the bait density is 10/ml, the mixed powder bait with the particle size of 300 mu m is fed every day, the daily feeding amount is 7 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is carried out for 3 times a day; feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and the giant grouper compound feed after the 31-day-old hybrid fry are bred; the daily dosage is 9% of the fish weight, and the daily dosage is 3 times;
when the 5-day-old and 10-day-old hybrid fish fries are respectively and continuously fed with transition baits with the grain size of 100 mu m for 2 days, wherein the transition baits comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of hawthorn powder, 1 part of yeast and 0.02 part of vitamin C; the daily dosage is 3% of the weight of the fish, and the fish is fed for 2 times a day;
(4) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, adding photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and natural algae in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 every 2 days to regulate water quality, so that the transparency of a water body is kept to be 32-38 cm, wherein the natural algae is mixed algae obtained by culturing chlorella, schizochytrium and skeletonema in a water enrichment strengthening manner according to a mass ratio of 1:2: 4; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond.
Wherein, the bio-organic fertilizer (special for aquatic products) mainly comprises: the water-fertilizing flora and nutrient substances include photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactobacillus, yeast, azotobacter, trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, manganese and the like, humic acid and vitamin substances.
The regular replacement of seawater is: after one week of seedling culture, 3-5% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; after two weeks of seedling culture, 8-12% of filtered seawater is replaced every day; after three weeks of seedling culture, 15-25% of filtered seawater is replaced every day, and the same is carried out below.
Embodiment 2-a high-efficiency method for artificially breeding hybrid epinephelus fuscoguttatus and epinephelus hybridus in outdoor ecological pond, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with the water depth of 2.2m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 10 days, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly splashing 14kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Adding chlorella and schizochytrium in a mass ratio of 1:1 every day before the newly hatched hybrid fry is put into the pond for a week, and keeping the transparency of the water body to be 40-50 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the density of the newly hatched hybrid fry is 12000 tail/m3Putting into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 28 ℃, the salinity in the pool is 33, and the pH value is 8.0;
(3) feeding management
Feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-7 days of hybrid fry, wherein the bait feeding density is 15 pieces/ml; feeding copepod nauplii at 8-15 days old for the hybrid fish larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 8 per ml, and feeding mixed powdery bait with the particle size of 200 mu m every other day, wherein the mixed powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10, the daily dosage of the tenebrio molitor powder and the earthworm powder accounts for 5 percent of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3 times; feeding 16-30-day-old hybrid fish fries with copepods adults every day, wherein the bait density is 12 per ml, the mixed powder bait with the particle size of 500 mu m is fed every day, the daily feeding amount is 9 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is carried out for 4 times a day; feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and the giant grouper compound feed after the 31-day-old hybrid fry are bred; the daily dosage is 11% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 5 times;
when the 5-day-old and 10-day-old hybrid fish fries are respectively and continuously fed with transition baits with the grain size of 150 mu m for 3 days, wherein the transition baits comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of hawthorn powder, 2 parts of yeast and 0.03 part of vitamin C; the daily dosage is 8% of the weight of the fish, and the fish is fed for 3 times a day;
(4) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, adding photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and natural algae in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 every 3 days to regulate water quality, so that the transparency of a water body is kept to be 32-38 cm, wherein the natural algae is mixed algae obtained by culturing chlorella, schizochytrium and skeletonema in a water enrichment strengthening manner according to a mass ratio of 1:2: 4; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond.
Embodiment 3-a high-efficiency method for artificially breeding hybrid epinephelus fuscoguttatus and epinephelus hybridus in outdoor ecological pond, comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with water depth of 2.0m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 9 days, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly sprinkling 12kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Adding chlorella and schizochytrium at a mass ratio of 2:1 every day before the newly hatched hybrid fry is put into the pond for a week, and keeping the transparency of the water body to be 40-50 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the density of the newly hatched hybrid fry is 10000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the temperature of the water in the pool is 27 ℃, the salinity of the water in the pool is 30, and the pH value is 7.9;
(3) feeding management
Feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-7 days of hybrid fry, wherein the bait feeding density is 13 pieces/ml; feeding copepod nauplii at 8-15 days old for the hybrid fish larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 7 per ml, and feeding mixed powdery bait with the particle size of 150 mu m every other day, wherein the mixed powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8, feeding 3 times daily, wherein the daily feeding amount of the tenebrio molitor powder and the earthworm powder is 3.5 percent of the weight of the fish at 7 o' clock in the evening; feeding 16-30-day-old hybrid fry with copepods adults every day, wherein the bait density is 11 per ml, the mixed powder bait with the particle size of 350 mu m is fed every day, the daily feeding amount is 8.5 percent of the weight of the fish, and the hybrid fry is fed for 4 times before 7 o' clock in the evening; feeding the iced fresh minced fillet and the giant grouper compound feed after the 31-day-old hybrid fry are bred; the daily dosage is 10% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 4 times;
continuously feeding transitional baits with the grain diameter of 100 mu m for 2 days when the hybrid fish larvae are 5 days old; continuously feeding transitional baits with the grain diameter of 200 mu m for 3 days when the hybrid fish fries are 10 days old; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of hawthorn powder, 1.5 parts of yeast and 0.025 part of vitamin C; the daily dosage is 6% of the fish weight, and the fish is fed for 3 times a day;
(4) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, adding photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and natural algae in a mass ratio of 3:3:2 every 3 days to regulate the water quality, so that the water body keeps the transparency of 32-38 cm; the natural algae is mixed algae obtained by culturing chlorella, schizochytrium limacinum and skeletonema with a weight ratio of 1:2:4 in a water-rich reinforced manner; periodically replacing the filtered seawater and removing the dirt and residual bait at the bottom of the pond.
Comparative example 1-method of artificial breeding of hybrid epinephelus fuscoguttatus and epinephelus hybridus in outdoor ecological pond according to example 3, with the difference: in the step (3), silkworm chrysalis meal is adopted to replace mixed powder bait for feeding the 8-15-day-old hybrid fry and the 16-30-day-old hybrid fry.
Comparative example 2-method of artificial breeding of hybrid seed of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybridus in outdoor ecological pond according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (3), feeding the hybrid fish fries with transition baits which do not contain hawthorn powder and yeast when the hybrid fish fries are 5 days old and 10 days old.
Comparative example 3-method of artificial breeding of outdoor ecological pond of hybrid of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybridus according to example 3, the difference being: in the step (3), transitional bait feeding is carried out when the 8-day-old and 16-day-old hybrid fish fries are in use.
According to the outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus and epinephelus hybridus of the example 1 to the example 3 and the comparative example 1 to the comparative example 3, 30 individuals are respectively sampled, the survival rate of the hybrid fish fry is counted, the average body length of the 30-day-old fries and the average daily food intake of the hybrid fries in different development stages are counted, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
Figure BDA0002394193510000071
Figure BDA0002394193510000081
according to the above table, it can be seen that the average food intake of hybrid fry of epinephelus coioides and epinephelus hybridus of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention is significantly increased below 30 days, especially below 15 days, and the survival rate and average body length of the fry are also significantly increased, which indicates that the present invention provides a transitional stage of food intake for the hybrid fry at the early fish age stage by using the combination feeding of the biological bait with the mixed bait compounded by tenebrio molitor powder and earthworm powder, and using the transitional bait scientifically compounded by the soybean powder, hawthorn powder, yeast and vitamin C, so as to promote the fry to better adapt to the change of bait feeding, maintain the food intake capability of the fry at the bait changing stage, and further contribute to the nutrition balance and growth balance of individual fry, greatly improves the survival rate and the growth quality of the fries, thereby realizing the high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding of hybrid grouper fries of the epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the epinephelus hybridus. In addition, as further shown in comparative example 3, the feeding time of the transitional bait should not be too early or too late, which easily results in accumulated and wasted bait, and too late which easily fails to make the larval fish sufficiently adapt to the change of bait feeding, which affects the food intake and results in the reduction of the growth quality of the larval fish.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for hybrid species of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus hybrida is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a cultivation environment:
selecting an outdoor pond with the water depth of 1.8-2.2 m, removing impurities at the bottom of the pond, sterilizing, continuously airing the pond for 7-10 days, injecting filtered and sterilized seawater, and uniformly sprinkling 10-14 kg/m of bio-organic fertilizer to the pond3(ii) a Adding chlorella and schizochytrium at the mass ratio of (3-1): 1 every day before the newly hatched hybrid fry is put into the pond for a week, and keeping the water transparency at 40-50 cm;
(2) putting into a pool for stocking:
the density of the first hatched hybrid fry is 8000-12000 tails/m3Putting the mixture into a pool, wherein the temperature of the water in the pool is 26-28 ℃, the salinity of the water in the pool is 28-33, and the pH value is 7.8-8.0;
(3) feeding management
Feeding rotifers with individual length less than or equal to 120 mu m for 3-7 days of hybrid fry, wherein the bait feeding density is 12-15/ml;
feeding copepod nauplii at 8-15 days old for the hybrid fish larvae every day, wherein the bait density is 5-8/ml, and feeding mixed powdery bait with the particle size of 150-200 mu m every other day, wherein the mixed powdery bait comprises the following components in percentage by mass: (5-10) feeding the flour weevil powder and the earthworm powder for 2-3 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount of the flour weevil powder and the earthworm powder is 2-5% of the weight of the fish;
feeding 16-30-day-old hybrid fry with copepods adults every day, wherein the bait density is 10-12/ml, the mixed powder bait with the particle size of 300-500 mu m is fed every day, the daily feeding amount is 7-9% of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is performed for 3-4 times a day; feeding the frozen fresh minced fillet and the compound feed to the hybrid fish fry after the 31-day-old fry is finished; the daily dosage is 9-11% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 3-5 times;
continuously feeding transitional baits with the grain diameter of 100-120 mu m for 2 days when the hybrid fish fries are 5 days old; continuously feeding transitional baits with the grain diameter of 200-300 mu m for 3 days when the hybrid fish fries are 10 days old; the transition bait comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of hawthorn powder, 1.5 parts of yeast and 0.025 part of vitamin C; the daily dosage is 3-8% of the weight of the fish, and the fish is fed for 2-3 times per day;
(4) water quality control
After one week of seedling culture, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and natural algae are added every 2-3 days to regulate water quality, so that the transparency of a water body is kept at 32-38 cm, and filtered seawater and dirt and residual baits at the bottom of the pond are periodically replaced and removed.
2. The high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus hybridus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (2), the newly hatched hybrid fry is put into a culture medium with the density of 10000 tails/m3Putting into a pool, wherein the water temperature in the pool is 27 ℃, the salinity in the pool is 30, and the pH value is 7.9.
3. The high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus hybridus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (3), feeding mixed powdery baits with the grain size of 150 mu m every other day for 8-15 days old hybrid fish fries; the daily dosage is 3.5% of the weight of the fish, and feeding is carried out for 3 times before 7 o' clock in the evening; the hybrid fry is 16-30 days old, mixed powder bait with the grain size of 350 mu m is fed every day, the daily feeding amount is 8.5 percent of the weight of the fish, and the hybrid fry is fed for 4 times before 7 o' clock in the evening.
4. The high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus hybridus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (3), the mixed powdery bait comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 8 yellow mealworm powder and earthworm powder.
5. The high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus hybridus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the chlorella to the schizochytrium is 2: 1.
6. The high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus hybridus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (4), the natural algae is mixed algae cultured by enriching water with chlorella, schizochytrium and skeletonema in a mass ratio of 1:2: 4.
7. The high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus hybridus, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (4), the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast and the nitrobacteria is (1-3): (1-3) and (1-2).
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