CN106577372A - Syngnathus overwintering and artificial reproduction method - Google Patents
Syngnathus overwintering and artificial reproduction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241001478428 Syngnathus Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000027326 copulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000595940 Notostraca Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000036208 Mysis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 Compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000337587 Syngnathus acus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000337605 Trachyrhamphus serratus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000892865 Heros Species 0.000 description 4
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a syngathus overwintering and artificial reproduction method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) fishing domesticated syngnathus into glass steel barrel for overwintering breeding; (2) adjusting breeding water temperature and stocking density in March to April in the next year and starting to feed live baits for nutrition enhancement of brood stock; (3) making artificial reproduction preparation according to a male and female proportion of 1:1 or 2:3 and a configuration density of 5 to 6 pairs per barrel; (4) performing larva incubation and production management: after germ cells are incubated for 22 to 25 days in brood pouches of male syngnathus in a post-coitum phase, namely, in a production phase, each syngnathus produces 530 to 865 larvae; (5) controlling the initial breeding density of larvae to be 1000 to 1500 per cubic water body and reducing the breeding density to 500 per cubic water body and performing management on bait delivery and water quality for larva cultivation and breeding for 3 to 4 weeks. The method has advantages of simple and practical operation and high larva production rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture mariculture technology field, more particularly to a kind of Solenognathus survive the winter and artificial fecundation method.
Background technology
Solenognathus are the biological one kind of ocean medicine source, and effect significantly, is embodied in China and goes through version《Pharmacopeia》And various Chinese medicines are ancient
Fang Zhong.At present, the wild Solenognathus in China sea area also have certain recoverable amount, but in recent years, natural resourcess decline clearly, people
Work cultivation unique developmental direction and approach after being, the technology is encouraged the protection to Solenognathus resource and meets city with the development of industry
Field demand is played an important role.
At present, the country rarely has the correlational study report that Solenognathus cultivate, and foreign countries are also only limitted to some ornamental Solenognathus kinds
Artificial cultivation test.The artificial cultivation of Solenognathus be unable to do without carries out in-depth study test and indoor scale biology to Solenognathus
Change cultivation, and the source of test material and cultivation parent only has wild environment.Therefore, need badly and capturing wild Solenognathus parent and people
On the premise of work is raised and train, develop the Solenognathus overwintering culture and artificial propagation research of science, form the reinforcing of Solenognathus parent and germling
The methods and techniques of cultivation, carry out artificial large-scale cultivation industry development and provide germling source for Solenognathus.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of getting over for the high Solenognathus of cultivation survival rate height, germling output capacity
Winter and artificial fecundation method.
The present invention solve the technical scheme that adopted of above-mentioned technical problem for：A kind of Solenognathus survive the winter and artificial propagation side
Method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Survive the winter cultivation
The wild Solenognathus for fishing for Jing artificial domestications are positioned in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, controlling cultivating condition is：Temperature 8-20 DEG C；Salinity
18-32；Intensity of illumination 30-120 Lx；Oxygenation capacity is 5-10 L/h, and cultivation water level is 60-100 centimetre, and cultivation density is 80-
100 tails/square；Sea area for aquatic breeding water adds aeration tap water to be configured to the husky filter of solution or Jing that salinity is 25-28 for sea crystal
Nature seawater；Bait is frost shrimps or frost mysises, and bait size is 0.5-1 centimetre, and bait throwing in a day twice, feeds
Time is 8 points of morning and 2 pm, feeding volume for Hippocampus weight in wet base 12-15%, before turning off the light at dusk daily soil pick-up remove residual bait and
The sea water of 15-25% is changed after feces；
（2）Parent fortification
Cultivation survive the winter to month next year 3-4, the temperature of cultivation of Solenognathus in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub will be cultivated and be adjusted to 16-22 DEG C（By every
The speed for raising 1 degree in two days gradually steps up water temperature）, breeding density be adjusted to 40-50 tails/square, and completely disable frost bait,
Start to feed living body bait, the living body bait for adopting for hatching after cultivate live body shrimps or long 0.5-1 centimetre of the body of 1 week
Live body mysises or the prawn of long 0.7-0.8 centimetre of body（Such as Penaeus vannamei, Chinese prawn）Young shrimp, bait throwing in two in a day
Secondary, Feeding time is 8 points of morning and 2 pm, and live bait feeds density for 50-80/tail Solenognathus；
（3）Artificial propagation prepares
After living body bait is fed 2 weeks, energetic, physique is picked out good（Touch up hard, spring good）Solenognathus, by male and female
Number compares 1:1 or 2:3 ratio is put in a suitable place to breed as the parent Solenognathus of breeding in another Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, and the configuration density of parent Solenognathus is
5-6 is right/bucket, water temperature daily amplitude is less than or equal to 2 DEG C, and period continues to feed living body bait, controls other cultivating conditions and is：Salinity
18-32, intensity of illumination 30-120 Lx, oxygenation capacity is 5-10 L/h, and cultivation water level is 60-100 centimetre；
（4）Hatching larvae and production management
Post-coitum is treated, germ cell is in male brood pouch（Solenognathus are ovoviviparity, and male and female post-coitum, female is discharged to male child-bearing ovum
In capsule, continue to hatch, until production）After middle hatching 22-25 days, that is, the production phase is reached, per tail Solenognathus output germling in 530-
Between 865 tails, children is being incubated and production period continues to feed living body bait, feed number of times and increase to 3-4 time, and by female Solenognathus to another
In one breeding barrel, soil pick-up removes the sea water that 15-25% is changed after residual bait and feces before turning off the light at dusk daily；Incubating children and production period
Between, stablizing for above-mentioned relevant condition is strictly controlled, reduce the fluctuation of each factor；Meanwhile, also to cultivating indoor environment
Noise of keeping under strict control is kept quite；Living bait feeds number of times and increases to 3-4 time, allows Solenognathus all to eat up as far as possible every time, in order to avoid live bait pair
Pregnant Solenognathus cause certain interference；Preferably remove the female Solenognathus bred in bucket to cultivate in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub to another；
（5）Larval culture
After the whole parent Solenognathus in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub all produce, all parent Solenognathus are pulled out and is transferred to female Solenognathus cultivation glass
Copulation again can be carried out in steel drum；In larya culturing's bucket, control germling initial cultivation density be 1000-1500 tails/cube
Water body, cultivation density is gradually lowered to 500 tails/cube water body by the speed that 80-120 tails/side's water body was reduced per two days；It is simultaneously right
The bait feeding and water quality of larval culture is managed, and after larval culture 3-4 is all, then can carry out the domestication of chilled bait, opens
Solenognathus are formed for exhibition.
The bait feeding and water quality management method of described larval culture is as follows：
A. bait feeds intake and feeds strategy：Germling Solenognathus open-mouthed bait is aided with a small amount of copepod larva based on wheel animalcule, feeds density and is
Every milliliter of cultivation water 10-15 wheel animalcule and 1-2 copepod larva, subsequently keep daily wheel animalcule to feed density and increase Copepods
Germling quantity, to stopping feeding wheel animalcule when the 5th day, bait mainly based on copepod larva, is aided with the fairy shrimp children of firm hatching
Body, gross density is 80-100/L, and the feeding volume of wherein fairy shrimp germling accounts for the 10% of gross weight；（Just the germling Solenognathus of birth can
Fed immediately in 10 hours after bait, but birth with difference and preferably have thing to ensure survival rate）；
B. water quality management strategy：Water is not changed within first 3 days, starts within the 4th day the fresh seawater for changing 10% volume isothermal daily；5th day starts
Bottom one time is inhaled daily, is gradually increased the quantity of exchanged water Summer Solstice or the Winter Solstice for the ratio of 2-3wt% in daily incrementss and is changed water 30wt%.
It is added with for stabilizing water quality in described parent Solenognathus sea area for aquatic breeding water and described larval culture sea water
Probiotic bacteria, described probiotic bacteria main component is bacillus cereuss and lactic acid bacteria, and concentration is 108-109 Individual/ml, every 7-
The probiotic bacteria of addition in 10 days.
Compound vitamin, described compound dimension are added with described parent Solenognathus bait throwing in and described germling Solenognathus bait throwing in
Raw element includes 0.1-0.15 ml/m3VB1With 0.05-0.1 ml/m3VB12And the V of 0.15-0.2 ppmC, every 7-10 days
Add once-combined vitamin.
Described Solenognathus include syngnathus acus Linnaeuses, solenognathus hardwickii and Trachyrham phus serratus (Temminck et Schlegel).
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：A kind of overwintering culture of Solenognathus of the present invention and artificial propagation side
Method, including survive the winter cultural technique and the method for Solenognathus（Winter condition, survive the winter bait throwing in and water quality management technology）, and the people of Solenognathus
Work reproduction technique and method（Parent fortification and cultivation water quality management, parent hatching and working condition management, larval culture skill
Art and method etc.）.Solenognathus have the life-span of 3-5, and have wider adaptive temperature scope.In the wild Solenognathus in the winter time low temperature when
Suitable environment can be found, but be should be noted during artificial cultivation and to ensure that winter is unable to temperature when cultivating too low, in case sea of freezing to death
Dragon；Solenognathus hardwickii temperature of cultivation will keep more than 8 DEG C, and more than 10 DEG C water temperatures just can grow；Therefore, conjunction must be supplied during cultivation
The bait of reason is ensureing the nutritional need of Solenognathus.Artificial propagation is to allow Solenognathus to carry out copulation and the life of germling under manual control
Produce, it is therefore an objective to by controlled condition, allow the Solenognathus germling of output to have high survival rate and growth rate, be to allow Solenognathus to be adapted to people
Work breeding environment, this method is from parent fortification and cultivates water quality management, parent hatching and working condition management, larval culture
Set about etc. technology and method, through a series of effort, the copulation and production success rate for obtaining Solenognathus is 100%, and germling is bred altogether
More than 14300 tails, it is average per the tail of nest 628 ± 15.6.Through the larval culture of 3 weeks, germling survival rate was 81.4 ± 6.33%, and body is long
Rate of increase is 5.25 ± 0.52%/d.The method can realize the artificial breeding of Hippocampus, and simple to operate, practicality of the invention, typically educate
Seedling place can realize that germling output capacity is high, can become a kind of new artificial cultivation kind.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Specific embodiment
A kind of surviving the winter and artificial fecundation method for Solenognathus, comprises the following steps：
（1）Survive the winter cultivation
The wild Solenognathus for fishing for Jing artificial domestications are positioned in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, controlling cultivating condition is：Temperature 8-20 DEG C；Salinity
18-32；Intensity of illumination 30-120 Lx；Oxygenation capacity is 5-10 L/h, and cultivation water level is 60-100 centimetre, and cultivation density is 80-
100 tails/square；Sea area for aquatic breeding water adds aeration tap water to be configured to the husky filter of solution or Jing that salinity is 25-28 for sea crystal
Nature seawater；Bait is frost shrimps or frost mysises, and bait size is 0.5-1 centimetre, and bait throwing in a day twice, feeds
Time is 8 points of morning and 2 pm, feeding volume for Hippocampus weight in wet base 12-15%, before turning off the light at dusk daily soil pick-up remove residual bait and
The sea water of 15-25% is changed after feces；
（2）Parent fortification
Cultivation survive the winter to month next year 3-4, the temperature of cultivation of Solenognathus in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub will be cultivated and be adjusted to 16-22 DEG C（By every
The speed for raising 1 degree in two days gradually steps up water temperature）, breeding density be adjusted to 40-50 tails/square, and completely disable frost bait,
Start to feed living body bait, the living body bait for adopting for hatching after cultivate live body shrimps or long 0.5-1 centimetre of the body of 1 week
Live body mysises or the prawn of long 0.7-0.8 centimetre of body（Such as Penaeus vannamei, Chinese prawn）Young shrimp, bait throwing in two in a day
Secondary, Feeding time is 8 points of morning and 2 pm, and live bait feeds density for 50-80/tail Solenognathus；
（3）Artificial propagation prepares
After living body bait is fed 2 weeks, energetic, physique is picked out good（Touch up hard, spring good）Solenognathus, by male and female
Number compares 1:1 or 2:3 ratio is put in a suitable place to breed as the parent Solenognathus of breeding in another Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, and the configuration density of parent Solenognathus is
5-6 is right/bucket, water temperature daily amplitude is less than or equal to 2 DEG C, and period continues to feed living body bait, controls other cultivating conditions and is：Salinity
18-32, intensity of illumination 30-120 Lx, oxygenation capacity is 5-10 L/h, and cultivation water level is 60-100 centimetre；
（4）Hatching larvae and production management
Post-coitum is treated, germ cell is in male brood pouch（Solenognathus are ovoviviparity, and male and female post-coitum, female is discharged to male child-bearing ovum
In capsule, continue to hatch, until production）After middle hatching 22-25 days, that is, the production phase is reached, per tail Solenognathus output germling in 530-
Between 865 tails, children is being incubated and production period continues to feed living body bait, feed number of times and increase to 3-4 time, and by female Solenognathus to another
In one breeding barrel, soil pick-up removes the sea water that 15-25% is changed after residual bait and feces before turning off the light at dusk daily；Incubating children and production period
Between, stablizing for above-mentioned relevant condition is strictly controlled, reduce the fluctuation of each factor；Meanwhile, also to cultivating indoor environment
Noise of keeping under strict control is kept quite；Living bait feeds number of times and increases to 3-4 time, allows Solenognathus all to eat up as far as possible every time, in order to avoid live bait pair
Pregnant Solenognathus cause certain interference；Preferably remove the female Solenognathus bred in bucket to cultivate in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub to another；
（5）Larval culture
After the whole parent Solenognathus in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub all produce, all parent Solenognathus are pulled out and is transferred to female Solenognathus cultivation glass
Copulation again can be carried out in steel drum；In larya culturing's bucket, control germling initial cultivation density be 1000-1500 tails/cube
Water body, cultivation density is gradually lowered to 500 tails/cube water body by the speed that 80-120 tails/side's water body was reduced per two days；It is simultaneously right
The bait feeding and water quality of larval culture is managed, and after larval culture 3-4 is all, then can carry out the domestication of chilled bait, opens
Solenognathus are formed for exhibition.
Wherein the bait feeding of larval culture and water quality management method are as follows：
A. bait feeds intake and feeds strategy：Germling Solenognathus open-mouthed bait is aided with a small amount of copepod larva based on wheel animalcule, feeds density and is
Every milliliter of cultivation water 10-15 wheel animalcule and 1-2 copepod larva, subsequently keep daily wheel animalcule to feed density and increase Copepods
Germling quantity, to stopping feeding wheel animalcule when the 5th day, bait mainly based on copepod larva, is aided with the fairy shrimp children of firm hatching
Body, gross density is 80-100/L, and the feeding volume of wherein fairy shrimp germling accounts for the 10% of gross weight；（Just the germling Solenognathus of birth can
Fed immediately in 10 hours after bait, but birth with difference and preferably have thing to ensure survival rate）；
B. water quality management strategy：Water is not changed within first 3 days, starts within the 4th day the fresh seawater for changing 10% volume isothermal daily；5th day starts
Bottom one time is inhaled daily, is gradually increased the quantity of exchanged water Summer Solstice or the Winter Solstice for the ratio of 2-3wt% in daily incrementss and is changed water 30wt%.
The benefit for stabilizing water quality is added with above-mentioned parent Solenognathus sea area for aquatic breeding water and described larval culture sea water
Raw bacterium, described probiotic bacteria main component is bacillus cereuss and lactic acid bacteria, and concentration is 108-109 Individual/ml, every 7-10
Its probiotic bacteria of addition.Compound vitamin is added with the bait throwing in of parent Solenognathus and described germling Solenognathus bait throwing in, described answers
Closing vitamin includes 0.1-0.15 ml/m3VB1With 0.05-0.1 ml/m3VB12And the V of 0.15-0.2 ppmC, every 7-
Add once-combined vitamin within 10 days.Solenognathus include syngnathus acus Linnaeuses, solenognathus hardwickii and Trachyrham phus serratus (Temminck et Schlegel).
Embodiment 1
Parent Solenognathus fortification
It is 0.5 m in floor space2, in the Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub that volume is 300 L, carry out the strenuous test of Solenognathus parent.Solenognathus are set
Density is 10,15,20,25,30 pairs/barrel, and water temperature gradient is 16,18,20,22 DEG C. investigate each grazing rate for processing Solenognathus and life
Long rate.Feed live body shrimps（Cultivate 1 week after hatching）, live body mysises（Body is long 0.5-1 centimetre）Or some prawns（Such as south
Penaeus vannamei Boone, Chinese prawn etc.）Young shrimp（Body is long 0.7-0.8 centimetre）, it is 50-80/tail Solenognathus to feed density, can be divided within one day
Feed twice.Soil pick-up removes residual bait and feces before turning off the light at dusk daily, then changes 10-15% isothermal sea water.Test duration 2 weeks, knot
Fruit is shown in Table 1 and table 2.With the rising of temperature, the growth rate of Solenognathus is being improved, and Analysis of variance shows, 20 DEG C and 22 DEG C
When, Solenognathus have preferable growing state；And with the increase of breeding density, the growth rate of Solenognathus has declined, in 20-50
Tail/square density range in, difference is not notable, but 50 and 60 tails/square between, when water temperature rises, both occur growth
On difference（P<0.05）.From in the food ration of each process, also there is a similar situation, the Solenognathus at 20 DEG C and 22 DEG C are taken the photograph
Appetite is substantially higher in another two process, although 22 DEG C are eaten much, may be consumed in life also than larger, growth rate
Not as 20 DEG C process, another density 50 tails/square below each process between Solenognathus feed efficiency it is close.Accordingly, it is considered to produce
Cost the problems such as, it is proposed that at 20 DEG C, breeding density is controlled in 40-50 tails/square reinforcing for carrying out Solenognathus parent preferably.
The different temperatures of table 1 grows with breeding density to Solenognathus（%/d）Impact
| 20 tails/square | 30 tails/square | 40 tails/square | 50 tails/square | 60 tails/square | |
| 16℃ | 2.03±0.06 | 1.97±0.04 | 1.93±0.05 | 1.82±0.11c | 1.63±0.24c |
| 18℃ | 2.52±0.12* | 2.57±0.17* | 2.55±0.23* | 2.51±0.34a* | 2.02±0.42b** |
| 20℃ | 3.21±0.33** | 3.06±0.21** | 3.11±0.44** | 3.02±0.52b** | 2.76±0.53a* |
| 22℃ | 3.01±0.50 | 3.03±0.47 | 2.91±0.72 | 2.83±0.76b | 2.53±0.81a |
Note：A, b represent the significant difference in same column between different rows（p<0.05）；* represents difference pole between colleague's different lines
Its is notable（p<0.01）.
The different temperatures of table 2 is with breeding density to Solenognathus food ration（G/ tails）Impact
| 20 tails/square | 30 tails/square | 40 tails/square | 50 tails/square | 60 tails/square | |
| 16℃ | 0.19±0.02 | 0.17±0.02 | 0.18±0.04 | 0.20±0.08c | 0.13±0.08c |
| 18℃ | 0.27±0.04* | 0.26±0.04* | 0.25±0.04* | 0.26±0.04a* | 0.21±0.11b** |
| 20℃ | 0.36±0.03** | 0.34±0.07** | 0.37±0.07** | 0.35±0.09b** | 0.26±0.10a* |
| 22℃ | 0.40±0.09 | 0.37±0.08 | 0.38±0.11 | 0.39±0.05b | 0.32±0.11a |
Note：A, b represent the significant difference in same column between different rows（p<0.05）；* represents the difference between colleague's different lines
It is extremely notable（p<0.01）.
Embodiment 2
Property ratio and density that parent is put in a suitable place to breed
With the Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub of 1 same size of test in, test the when optimal parent breeding density of optimality of Solenognathus parent.
Devise two tests altogether, one of them is provided with 5 Solenognathus density gradients, respectively 1,3,5,7,10 pairs/barrel（Sex ration 1:
1）, water temperature is 20 ± 1 DEG C；Another experimental selection 5-6 is right/the parent density of bucket, 4 sex ratio gradients are set, and respectively 2:
1、1:1、2:3、2:1, it is 20 ± 1 DEG C to cultivate temperature. investigate the Mating success of Solenognathus and average every nest in each process and produce sea
The quantity of imperial germling.Other experimental conditions ibid example, the results are shown in Table 3.The density of different parents is have to its copulation and bosom ovum
Affect, from from Mating success, the density that parent is bred present in environment is bigger, and the success rate of copulation is gradually reduced,
In the specification bucket of test（0.5 square × 0.6 meter）=300L volumes, parent density 5-7 is to ideal, Mating success height
And the litter size per nest is big.With regard to property than relation, at a temperature of 20 DEG C, the gonad development speed of male and female is similar, therefore, only see
2 extra copulation success Solenognathus are observed, in general, with female and male ratio 1:1 is suitable, as ambient temperature in system is higher and has
Male Solenognathus more than needed, can be adjusted to 2 female and male ratio:3.
The dissimilarity of table 3 when parent density to Solenognathus copulation and production（%/d）Impact
| Mating success | Litter size/nest | |||
| 1 pair | 100±0%a | 576.3±73.7a | ||
| 3 pairs | 100±0%a | 586.2±50.4a | ||
| 5 pairs | 100±0%a | 684.7±60.1b | ||
| 7 pairs | 95.2±8.25%ab | 707.3±52.9b | ||
| 10 pairs | 83.3±15.28%b | 715.8±115.7b | ||
| 5-6 pair | ♀ female 2:♂ heros 1 | ♀ female 1:♂ heros 1 | ♀ female 2:♂ heros 3 | ♀ female 1:♂ heros 2 |
| Mating success | 100±0%A | 100±0% A | 88.9±19.23% B | 54.2±7.22%C |
| Litter size/nest | 711.2±65.7 | 684.7±60.1 | 701.3±66.7 | 681.5±57.2 |
Note：A, B, C show significant difference in body long pointer（p<0.05）；A, b show significant difference in survival rate index（p<0.05）.
Embodiment 3
Larva initial baits are selected
The front 5d of on-test, the growth rate and survival rate for feeding young Solenognathus in the process of wheel animalcule is all higher, than feeding oar foot
The process of class germling and naked abdomen flea germling is high, significant difference（P<0.05）；Process more than feeding fairy shrimp germling will well very
It is many（P<0.01）；In 5-10d, the growth of wheel animalcule group has been slowed down, and the growth of copepod larva and naked abdomen flea germling group is rapid, high
In other two groups（P<0.05）；In 10-15d, wheel animalcule group is hardly oversize big, and its excess-three group growth is rapid；In 15-20d, wheel animalcule
The survival rate also considerable decrease of group, between remaining group within this cycle basic simlarity.Show, front 5d, Solenognathus germling is relatively adapted to take the photograph
Food wheel animalcule, the possible individual bigger point of other several classes, ingests to it and has an impact；After 5d, the mouthpart increase of germling is suitable for summary of ingesting
The germling such as micro- big Copepods, after 10d, it may be possible to which the development such as intestinal of germling is more complete, and the skin thicker good year has been adapted to
Worm（Skin depth is difficult to digest）Germling, afterwards three classes can meet the growing nutrient of germling, therefore grow very fast.Feeding strategy is：Open
Mouthful based on wheel animalcule, be aided with the germling such as Copepods, after be gradually transitions copepod larva, to ensure the growth and survival of germling.
The different bait of table 4 young Hippocampus are grown and survival rate impact
Note：A, B, C show significant difference in body long pointer（p<0.05）；A, b, c show significant difference in survival rate index（p<0.05）.
Embodiment 4
Larya culturing tests
Test is respectively provided with 4 cultivation density gradients with 1 week old Solenognathus germling as object, respectively 500,1000,1500,
2000 tails/side's water body, each processes 2 repetitions.Test continues altogether 3 weeks, and a growth rate is determined weekly（The growth of body length
Rate）, and survival rate of statistics.Bait in breeding process feeds density with Copepods+naked abdomen flea+fairy shrimp germling composition
For 80-100 bait/L, feed at twice.Water is changed daily once, and quantity of exchanged water progressively increases to 30% from about 15% for starting.Support
During growing, periodically auxiliary throws in vitamin and probiotic bacteria etc. in breeding water body.
Through the larval culture of 3 weeks, larya culturing's density domination was preferred in 1000-1500 tails/side's water body during beginning, first three
The growth rate of group Solenognathus germling is very fast, survival rate is also higher, both greater than 2000 tails/side's group（p<0.05）；Then, before this 1500
Tail group, is then 1000 tail groups, and germling survival rate big decline all occurs when 24d and during 30d, and poor with 500 tail groups
It is different notable（p<0.05）, corresponding growth rate is also greatly reduced already（I.e. weekly body length increasess slowly）；And 500 tail groups, extremely
Still there is higher growth rate during 30d.Therefore, the larya culturing of Solenognathus, breeding density when initial may be provided at 1000-
1500 tails/side's water body, as cultivation prolongation will be gradually lowered cultivation density, during to 3 weeks, preferably drop to 500 tails/side.So, 3
Larya culturing's survival rate in week is 81.4 ± 6.33%, and the long rate of increase of body is 5.25 ± 0.52%/d.
The suitable cultivation density Selection experiment of the Solenognathus germling of table 5
Note：A, B represent respectively significant difference in body long pointer（p<0.05）；A, b represent respectively significant difference in survival rate index
（p<0.05）.
Certainly, described above not limitation of the present invention, the present invention is also not limited to the example above.The art
In the essential scope of the present invention, change, remodeling, addition or the replacement made should also belong to the present invention's to those of ordinary skill
Protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Solenognathus survive the winter and artificial fecundation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Survive the winter cultivation
The wild Solenognathus for fishing for Jing artificial domestications are positioned in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, controlling cultivating condition is：Temperature 8-20 DEG C；Salinity
18-32；Intensity of illumination 30-120 Lx；Oxygenation capacity is 5-10 L/h, and cultivation water level is 60-100 centimetre, and cultivation density is 80-
100 tails/square；Sea area for aquatic breeding water adds aeration tap water to be configured to the husky filter of solution or Jing that salinity is 25-28 for sea crystal
Nature seawater；Bait is frost shrimps or frost mysises, and bait size is 0.5-1 centimetre, and bait throwing in a day twice, feeds
Time is 8 points of morning and 2 pm, feeding volume for Hippocampus weight in wet base 12-15%, before turning off the light at dusk daily soil pick-up remove residual bait and
The sea water of 15-25% is changed after feces；
（2）Parent fortification
Cultivation survive the winter to month next year 3-4, the temperature of cultivation of Solenognathus in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub will be cultivated and be adjusted to 16-22 DEG C, put in a suitable place to breed
Density be adjusted to 40-50 tails/square, and disable frost bait completely, start to feed living body bait, the living body bait for adopting is to incubate
The right of the live body shrimps of 1 week either the live body mysises of long 0.5-1 centimetre of body or long 0.7-0.8 centimetre of body is cultivated after change
Shrimp son shrimp, twice, Feeding time is 8 points of morning and 2 pm for bait throwing in a day, and live bait feeds density for 50-80/tail Solenognathus；
（3）Artificial propagation prepares
After living body bait is fed 2 weeks, the good Solenognathus of energetic, physique are picked out, by male and female number 1 is compared:1 or 2:3 ratio
Put in a suitable place to breed as the parent Solenognathus of breeding in another Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, the configuration density of parent Solenognathus be 5-6 it is right/bucket, become water temperature day
Width is less than or equal to 2 DEG C, and period continues to feed living body bait, controls other cultivating conditions and is：Salinity 18-32, intensity of illumination 30-
120 Lx, oxygenation capacity is 5-10 L/h, and cultivation water level is 60-100 centimetre；
（4）Hatching larvae and production management
After treating that post-coitum, germ cell are hatched 22-25 days in male brood pouch, that is, the production phase is reached, per tail Solenognathus output children
Body is incubating children and production period continues to feed living body bait between 530-865 tails, feeds number of times and increases to 3-4 time, and will be female
To in another breeding barrel, soil pick-up removes the sea water that 15-25% is changed after residual bait and feces to Solenognathus before turning off the light at dusk daily；
（5）Larval culture
After the whole parent Solenognathus in Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub all produce, all parent Solenognathus are pulled out and is transferred to female Solenognathus cultivation glass
Copulation again can be carried out in steel drum；In larya culturing's bucket, control germling initial cultivation density be 1000-1500 tails/cube
Water body, cultivation density is gradually lowered to 500 tails/cube water body by the speed that 80-120 tails/side's water body was reduced per two days；It is simultaneously right
The bait feeding and water quality of larval culture is managed, and after larval culture 3-4 is all, then can carry out the domestication of chilled bait, opens
Solenognathus are formed for exhibition.
2. a kind of Solenognathus according to claim 1 survive the winter and artificial fecundation method, it is characterised in that described germling training
The bait feeding and water quality management method educated is as follows：
A. bait feeds intake and feeds strategy：Germling Solenognathus open-mouthed bait is aided with a small amount of copepod larva based on wheel animalcule, feeds density and is
Every milliliter of cultivation water 10-15 wheel animalcule and 1-2 copepod larva, subsequently keep daily wheel animalcule to feed density and increase Copepods
Germling quantity, to stopping feeding wheel animalcule when the 5th day, bait mainly based on copepod larva, is aided with the fairy shrimp children of firm hatching
Body, gross density is 80-100/L, and the feeding volume of wherein fairy shrimp germling accounts for the 10% of gross weight；
B. water quality management strategy：Water is not changed within first 3 days, starts within the 4th day the fresh seawater for changing 10% volume isothermal daily；5th day starts
Bottom one time is inhaled daily, is gradually increased the quantity of exchanged water Summer Solstice or the Winter Solstice for the ratio of 2-3wt% in daily incrementss and is changed water 30wt%.
3. a kind of Solenognathus according to claim 1 survive the winter and artificial fecundation method, it is characterised in that：Described parent sea
The probiotic bacteria for stabilizing water quality, described probiotic bacteria master are added with Long Yangzhiyonghaishui and described larval culture sea water
Composition is wanted to be bacillus cereuss and lactic acid bacteria, concentration is 108-109 Individual/ml, every 7-10 days a probiotic bacteria was added.
4. a kind of Solenognathus according to claim 1 survive the winter and artificial fecundation method, it is characterised in that：Described parent sea
Compound vitamin is added with imperial bait throwing in and described germling Solenognathus bait throwing in, described compound vitamin includes 0.1-0.15 ml/
m3VB1With 0.05-0.1 ml/m3VB12And the V of 0.15-0.2 ppmC, every the once-combined vitamin of addition in 7-10 days.
5. the overwintering culture and artificial fecundation method of a kind of Solenognathus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described sea
Dragon includes syngnathus acus Linnaeuses, solenognathus hardwickii and Trachyrham phus serratus (Temminck et Schlegel).
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| CN107484683A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-19 | 天津农学院 | The method of northern area kind hippocampus overwintering culture a kind of and kind hippocampus survive the winter RAS systems |
| CN113598092A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-05 | 福建省水产研究所（福建水产病害防治中心） | Method for cultivating bulked hippocampus family |
| CN113711953A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-30 | 福建省水产研究所（福建水产病害防治中心） | Propagation and seedling raising method for hippocampus blossoming |
| CN115316319A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-11 | 重庆多普泰制药股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving activity of antithrombin of leeches |
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