CN115067241B - Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for silver drum fish - Google Patents
Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for silver drum fish Download PDFInfo
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding of silver drum fishes, in particular to an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for silver drum fishes, which comprises six steps of pond transformation, parent selection, parent enhanced breeding, artificial insemination, hatching management and outdoor fry breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding of silver drum fishes, in particular to a high-efficiency artificial breeding method for silver drum fishes in an outdoor ecological pond.
Background
The silver drum fish is also called as multi-line butterfly fish, has attractive appearance, delicious taste and ornamental and edible value, is a tropical rare ornamental fish, is a newly developed economic edible fish, has a flat round body with a length of 20-40 cm and a silvery white body, has sparse tens of black circular spots on the abdomen on two sides of the body surface, can live in fresh water and sea water at the same time, and has higher economic value, so most farms begin to artificially cultivate the silver drum fish.
For this chinese patent publication No.: CN113661946a discloses an outdoor pond culture method for silver drum fish, comprising the following steps: (1) placing the initially hatched fries into an indoor cultivation pond for transitional cultivation (2) placing fries in a pond (3) placing fries into the pond 2d, and feeding the fries by mixing the branch horns and the copepods; when the body length of the fry is more than or equal to 10mm and 50-60 percent, the water level and the salinity are improved, low-protein microalgae powder is fed, and the water temperature is reduced at the cooling rate of 0.5 ℃/h during feeding; when the juvenile fish body length is more than or equal to 60mm, the water level and the salinity are increased, and the black soldier fly larva powder containing the compound vitamin is fed; when the length of the adult fish body is more than 60 percent and is more than or equal to 10cm, the fresh minced fish and the live shrimp are fed in a combined way, and the water level is increased; when the length of the adult fish body is more than or equal to 15cm, the water level is increased; the outdoor pond culture method for the silver drum fish can effectively reduce the chasing phenomenon and the morbidity of pond culture, and realize the outdoor artificial scale pond culture with high survival rate and low morbidity.
However, when the invention is used, firstly, the young silver drum fish is put into a pond for artificial breeding after transitional cultivation, in order to facilitate unified pond environment, ecological transformation is generally needed to be carried out on the bottom of the pond, the pond is used as a living place of the silver drum fish, the survival rate of the silver drum fish is directly influenced by the good or bad environmental conditions, the invention only adopts quicklime to splash disinfect the pond before putting the fish in the pond, the ecological environment at the bottom of the pond is not changed, the invention can not effectively provide an excellent spawning environment for the silver drum fish, the high fertilization rate is not beneficial, secondly, the invention carries out bait feeding in different growth stages according to the growth volume change of the young silver drum fish, the feeding amount is large, and the survival rate of the silver drum fish can be ensured only by feeding when the irreversible point PNR of the starvation of the silver drum fish is not reached, so the artificial breeding cost of the silver drum fish is high.
Therefore, there is a need to design an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the silver drum fish to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency artificial breeding method for an outdoor ecological pond of a silver drum fish, which aims to solve the problems that the outdoor pond provided in the background art cannot effectively provide an excellent spawning environment for the silver drum fish and the bait feeding cost is high.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for silver drum fish comprises the following steps:
s1, pond transformation
(1) Uniformly paving the bottom of the pond, wherein the paving thickness is more than 10cm;
(2) Cleaning and sterilizing the pond;
(3) A stirring pump is arranged in the pond;
(4) Standing the pond for 5 days;
(5) Controlling the water temperature at 28-30 ℃, controlling the salinity at 19-25 per mill, controlling the dissolved oxygen of a pool to be more than 5mg/L and controlling the PH value at 7.6-7.8;
s2, parent selection
(1) Selecting strong male silver-drum fish with age more than 1 as parent fish donor;
(2) Selecting female silver drum fish with strong constitution and more than 2 years old as parent fish receptor;
(3) Setting the ratio of the number of the male and the female to 3:1;
(4) The stocking density of the parent fish is 10000 tails/500 square meters;
s3, parent intensified cultivation
(1) The parent fish donor and the parent fish acceptor are respectively placed in an indoor cultivation pool for cultivation;
(2) Controlling the water temperature of the cultivation pool at 28-30 ℃, controlling the salinity at 24-29 per mill, and controlling the dissolved oxygen content of the pool to be more than 5 mg/L;
(3) Controlling the water flow speed of the cultivation pool to be 30-50L/s;
(4) Feeding the baits by using high-protein low-fat complete feed;
(5) Adding fish multi-vitamins and vitamin E into a culture pond;
(6) The cultivation time is controlled to be about 36 days;
s4, artificial insemination
(1) Dry insemination is carried out, and 20 milliliters of male silver drum fish semen is added or extruded into each 5000 female silver drum fish eggs;
(2) Rapidly and uniformly stirring the mixed solution of the roe and the semen in the same direction for 2 minutes;
(3) Adding 50 ml of seawater or isotonic solution, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes;
(4) Standing for 2 hours, and flushing the mixed solution of the roe and the semen with seawater or isotonic solution for several times until the mixed solution of the roe and the semen is clean and transparent;
s5, hatching management
(1) Hatching by adopting running water, wherein the flow rate is 40 liters/second;
(2) The hatching tool selects a hatching water tank, the hatching disc area occupies 40% of the whole hatching water body area, and 7000-10000 fertilized eggs are placed on each square meter hatching disc;
(3) Fertilized eggs are uniformly distributed, so that the fertilized eggs are not stacked, piled up and dead angles are avoided;
(4) The hatching water tank is arranged in a shading and ventilation way;
s6, outdoor fry cultivation
The fish fry hatched in the hatching water tank is transferred into a pond for cultivation
Preferably, in the step S1, the area of the parent fish pond is 500 square meters, the average pond depth is 3 meters, the pond bottom is flat, clay mud is paved, and the paving thickness is 20cm on average.
Preferably, the pond is cleaned and disinfected by 100kg/500 square meter quicklime, the water stored in the pond is filtered by 60-80 mesh bolting silk cloth, the weeds at the side of the pond are removed, and chlorine dioxide is added into the water to ensure that the concentration of the pond medicine reaches 0.3g/m 3 。
Preferably, the volume ratio of the female silver drum fish to the male silver drum fish in the step S2 (1) and (2) is 3:1.
Preferably, the bait feeding in the steps S1 to S6 includes the following steps:
a. the fertilized eggs in the culture pond develop into fries to be fed with initial baits on the 4 th day;
b. after the silver drum fish fries are transferred into the pond, feeding is carried out 2 times per day, and each time is separated by 8 hours
Preferably, algae and rotifers are selected before the initial stage of the bait opening of the young silver drum fish, and artemia are selected and matched with eggs after the young silver drum fish is opened.
Preferably, after the young silver drum fish is mature to form a fish fry, when the diameter is 5-8 cm, the particle feed with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm is adopted, and the protein content of the particle feed is 45% -60%.
Preferably, when the fish fries of the silver drum grow to 13-15 cm, the particle feed with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm is adopted, and the protein content of the particle feed is 30-40%.
Preferably, after the silver drum fish in the pond is ripe, the bait is thrown 2 times per day, and the bait throwing amount each time is equal to the bait 7 before ripe.
Preferably, in each of the steps S1 to S6, bait and enrofloxacin hydrochloride are added, vitamin B and vitamin C are added in the bait, the addition amount of the vitamin B and the vitamin C is 10% of the daily ration, and the amount of the enrofloxacin hydrochloride is 25 mg/kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the silver drum fish can effectively provide an excellent spawning environment for the silver drum fish through pond transformation, parent selection, parent enhanced breeding, artificial insemination, hatching management and outdoor fry breeding, meanwhile, the open bait feeding is carried out on the 4 th day when the fertilized eggs of the silver drum fish develop into the fries, and the feeding cost of the bait can be effectively reduced.
(1) According to the invention, the clay mud with the average thickness of 20cm is paved at the bottom of the pond, the pond is unified in specification and convenient to manage, and the substrate environment of the clay mud is beneficial to cultivation of plankton in a water body and improvement of water quality, so that sufficient bait environment can be provided for the larval fish after fertilized eggs develop into the larval fish. In addition, the silver drum fish fries can effectively scrape the benthic diatom and organic scraps from the clay mud bottom.
(2) According to the invention, the bait is fed on the 4 th day when the fertilized eggs grow into the young fish, namely, the young fish does not need to be fed three days before being formed, so that the feeding cost of the bait can be effectively reduced, and the increase of the artificial breeding cost of the silver drum fish caused by blind feeding of the bait is avoided.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an embodiment:
example 1
An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for silver drum fish is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond transformation
(1) Uniformly paving the bottom of the pond, wherein the paving thickness is more than 10cm;
(2) Cleaning and sterilizing the pond;
(3) A stirring pump is arranged in the pond;
(4) Standing the pond for 5 days;
(5) Controlling the water temperature at 28-30 ℃, controlling the salinity at 19-25 per mill, controlling the dissolved oxygen of a pool to be more than 5mg/L and controlling the pH value to be 7.6-7.8;
s2, parent selection
(1) Selecting strong male silver-drum fish with age more than 1 as parent fish donor;
(2) Selecting female silver drum fish with strong constitution and more than 2 years old as parent fish receptor;
(3) Setting the ratio of the number of the male and the female to 3:1;
(4) The stocking density of the parent fish is 10000 tails/500 square meters;
s3, parent intensified cultivation
(1) The parent fish donor and the parent fish acceptor are respectively placed in an indoor cultivation pool for cultivation;
(2) Controlling the water temperature of the cultivation pool at 28-30 ℃, controlling the salinity at 24-29 per mill, and controlling the dissolved oxygen content of the pool to be more than 5 mg/L;
(3) Controlling the water flow speed of the cultivation pool to be 30-50L/s;
(4) Feeding the baits by using high-protein low-fat complete feed;
(5) Adding fish multi-vitamins and vitamin E into a culture pond;
(6) The cultivation time is controlled to be about 36 days;
s4, artificial insemination
(1) Dry insemination is carried out, and 20 milliliters of male silver drum fish semen is added or extruded into each 5000 female silver drum fish eggs;
(2) Rapidly and uniformly stirring the mixed solution of the roe and the semen in the same direction for 2 minutes;
(3) Adding 50 ml of seawater or isotonic solution, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes;
(4) Standing for 2 hours, and flushing the mixed solution of the roe and the semen with seawater or isotonic solution for several times until the mixed solution of the roe and the semen is clean and transparent;
s5, hatching management
(1) Hatching by adopting running water, wherein the flow rate is 40 liters/second;
(2) The hatching tool selects a hatching water tank, the hatching disc area occupies 40% of the whole hatching water body area, and 7000-10000 fertilized eggs are placed on each square meter hatching disc;
(3) Fertilized eggs are uniformly distributed, so that the fertilized eggs are not stacked, piled up and dead angles are avoided;
(4) The hatching water tank is arranged in a shading and ventilation way;
s6, outdoor fry cultivation
The fish fry hatched in the hatching water tank is transferred into a pond for cultivation
In the step S1, the area of the parent fish pond is 500 square meters, the average pond depth is 3 meters, the pond bottom is flat, clay mud is paved, and the paving thickness is 20cm on average.
The pond is disinfected by using 100kg/500 square meter quicklime to clean the pondFiltering the water stored in the pond by using 60-80 mesh bolting silk cloth, removing weeds at the side of the pond, and adding chlorine dioxide into the water to ensure that the concentration of the pond medicine reaches 0.3g/m 3 。
Through lay the clay mud that average thickness is 20cm at the pond bottom of the pool, with the unified specification of pond simultaneously, be convenient for manage, the substrate environment of clay mud is favorable to the cultivation of plankton and the improvement of quality of water in the water simultaneously, can provide sufficient bait environment for the young fish after fertilized egg develops into the young fish, and after fertilized egg developed into the young fish, silver drum fish young can effectually scrape edible diatom and organic piece in the clay mud bottom.
And (3) in the step (S2), the volume ratio of the female silver drum fish to the male silver drum fish in the step (1) and the step (2) is 3:1.
The bait feeding in the steps S1 to S6 comprises the following steps:
a. the fertilized eggs in the culture pond develop into fries to be fed with initial baits on the 4 th day, namely baits are fed after 3 days;
b. after the silver drum fish fries are transferred into the pond, feeding is carried out 2 times per day, and each time is separated by 8 hours
Algae and rotifers are selected before the initial stage of the bait opening of the young silver drum fish, and artemia are selected and matched with eggs after the young silver drum fish is opened.
After the young silver drum fish is mature to form fish fries, when the diameter is 5-8 cm, adopting granular feed with the grain diameter of 0.3-0.6 mm, wherein the protein content of the granular feed is 45% -60%.
When the fish fries grow to 13-15 cm, the pellet feed with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm is adopted, and the protein content of the pellet feed is 30-40%.
After the silver drum fish in the pond is ripe, the bait is thrown 2 times per day, and the bait throwing amount each time is the bait 7 before ripe.
And step S1-step S6, wherein bait and enrofloxacin hydrochloride are added in each step, vitamin B and vitamin C are added in the bait, the addition amount of the vitamin B and the vitamin C is 10% of the daily ration, and the amount of the enrofloxacin hydrochloride is 25 mg/kg.
Example 2:
the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the silver drum fish according to the embodiment 1 is different in that: and S5, in the hatching management step, fertilized eggs in the culture pond develop into fries and are fed with initial baits on the 5 th day, namely, baits are fed after 4 days.
Example 3:
the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the silver drum fish according to the embodiment 1 is different in that: and S5, in the hatching management step, fertilized eggs in the culture pond develop into fries and are fed with initial baits on the 6 th day, namely, baits are fed after 5 days.
According to the efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the silver drum fish in the embodiments 1-3, the mortality rate of the silver drum fish delay feeding test fries is carried out, the test breeding is divided into 6 groups, the number of the silver drum fish fries in each group is 30, the test days are 6 days, the test is carried out in an indoor cultivation pond, the environment where the 6 groups of test fries are located is the same, and the mortality rate result is shown as figure 1 of the specification.
It can be seen from fig. 1 of the specification that according to the result of the delayed feeding test, all the fed hungry fries fed for 6 days die, that is, all the fries with the age of 7 days die first, according to the test result, the PNR value of the silver drum fries fed for 7 days is calculated to be 6 days, it is required that PNR is an irreversible point, which is a critical point of hunger resistance of the fries, when the fries hungry to the point, the fries can survive for a period of time, all the individuals are weakened and cannot carry the ability to restore feeding capacity, therefore, bait feeding needs to be carried out before the PNR value, if bait feeding starts on the 1 st day, that is, the fertilized eggs of the silver drum fries form fries, the total amount of the used bait is the largest, the bait throwing period is longest, the cost is highest, if the bait throwing period starts to throw bait on the 2 nd day, namely, the bait throwing period is delayed by 1 day, although the bait throwing amount of one day is reduced, the death rate of the silver drum fish fries is 26.67%, if the bait throwing period starts to throw bait on the 6 th day, namely, the bait throwing period is delayed by 5 days, although the bait throwing amount of 5 days is reduced, the survival rate of the silver drum fish is only 3.33%, the death rate is up to 96.67%, obviously, the bait throwing period does not accord with the purpose of artificial seedling raising, finally, according to the test result, the bait throwing period can be delayed by 3 days, namely, the total bait throwing amount can be effectively reduced when the fries form the 4 th day, thereby reducing the bait throwing cost, and avoiding the blind bait throwing and leading to the increase of the artificial seedling raising cost of the silver drum fish.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (3)
1. An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for silver drum fish is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond transformation
(1) Uniformly paving the bottom of the pond, wherein the paving thickness is more than 10cm;
(2) Cleaning and sterilizing the pond;
(3) A stirring pump is arranged in the pond;
(4) Standing the pond for 5 days;
(5) Controlling the water temperature at 28-30 ℃, controlling the salinity at 19-25 per mill, controlling the dissolved oxygen of the pond to be more than 5mg/L and controlling the pH value to be 7.6-7.8;
s2, parent selection
(1) Selecting strong male silver-drum fish with age more than 1 as parent fish donor;
(2) Selecting female silver drum fish with strong constitution and more than 2 years old as parent fish receptor;
(3) Setting the ratio of the number of the male and the female to 3:1;
(4) The stocking density of the parent fish is 10000 tails/500 square meters;
s3, parent intensified cultivation
(1) The parent fish donor and the parent fish receptor are respectively placed in an indoor cultivation pool for cultivation;
(2) Controlling the water temperature of the cultivation pool at 28-30 ℃, controlling the salinity at 24-29 per mill, and controlling the dissolved oxygen of the cultivation pool to be more than 5 mg/L;
(3) Controlling the water flow speed of the cultivation pool to be 30-50L/s;
(4) Feeding the baits by using high-protein low-fat complete feed;
(5) Adding fish multi-vitamins and vitamin E into a culture pond;
(6) The cultivation time is controlled to be about 36 days;
s4, artificial insemination
(1) Dry insemination is carried out, and 20 milliliters of male silver drum fish semen is added into each 5000 female silver drum fish eggs;
(2) Rapidly and uniformly stirring the mixed solution of the roe and the semen in the same direction for 2 minutes;
(3) Adding 50 ml of seawater or isotonic solution, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes;
(4) Standing for 2 hours, and flushing the mixed solution of the roe and the semen with seawater or isotonic solution for several times until the mixed solution of the roe and the semen is clean and transparent;
s5, hatching management
(1) Hatching by adopting running water, wherein the flow rate is 40 liters/second;
(2) The hatching tool selects a hatching water tank, the hatching disc area occupies 40% of the whole hatching water body area, and 7000-10000 fertilized eggs are placed on each square meter hatching disc;
(3) Fertilized eggs are uniformly distributed, so that the fertilized eggs are not stacked, piled up and dead angles are avoided;
(4) The hatching water tank is arranged in a shading and ventilation way;
s6, outdoor fry cultivation
Incubating the fish fries in the incubating water tank and transferring the fish fries into a pond for incubation;
in the step S1, the pond area is 500 square meters, the average pond depth is 3 meters, the pond bottom is flat, clay mud is paved, and the paving thickness is 20cm on average;
the pond is disinfected by using 100kg/500 square meter lime, the water stored in the pond is filtered by using 60-80 mesh bolting silk cloth, weeds at the side of the pond are removed, and chlorine dioxide is added into the water, so that the concentration of the chlorine dioxide in the pond reaches 0.3 g/m;
the volume ratio of the female silver drum fish to the male silver drum fish in the step S2 (1) and (2) is 3:1;
the fertilized eggs develop into fries to be fed with initial baits on the 4 th day;
feeding the silver drum fish fries into a pond for 2 times every day, wherein each time is 8 hours;
algae and rotifers are selected as the bait before the initial stage of the opening of the larva fish, and the artemia is selected as the bait after the opening of the larva fish and matched with eggs;
after the young silver drum fish is mature to form fish fries, when the young silver drum fish grows to 5-8 cm, granular feed with the grain size of 0.3-0.6 mm is adopted, the protein content of the granular feed is 45-60%, and when the young silver drum fish grows to 13-15 cm, granular feed with the grain size of 0.3-0.6 mm is adopted, and the protein content of the granular feed is 30-40%.
2. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the whitebait according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the silver drum fish in the pond is ripe, the bait is thrown 2 times per day, and the bait throwing amount each time is the bait 7 before ripe.
3. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the whitebait according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: vitamin B and vitamin C are added into the bait, and the addition amount of the vitamin B and the vitamin C is 10 percent of the bait.
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