CN105028273B - Method for artificial domestication and cultivation of semilabeo notabilis - Google Patents
Method for artificial domestication and cultivation of semilabeo notabilis Download PDFInfo
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- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for artificial domestication and cultivation of semilabeo notabilis. The method comprises the steps of 1, building a semilabeo notabilis cultivation pond; 2, collecting and selecting parent fish fry; 3, conducting food habit conversion; 4, conducting artificial domestication of fry; 5, observing gonad development; 6, conducting domestication management. By the adoption of the method, massive cultivation and population continuation of semilabeo notabilis are facilitated, native commercial fish aquaculture and new species are added, ecological balance of a water area is maintained, local native fish resources are protected, population quantity is increased, biodiversity and ecological balance are maintained, and conditions are provided for semilabeo notabilis cultivation and considerable economic benefits are obtained by means of the natural resources in the Dabang river drainage basin.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, specifically, is related to a kind of lip dace artificial domestication and breeding method.
Background technology
Lip dace（Semilabeo notabilis Peters）Belong to Cypriniformes（Cypriniformes）, Cyprinidae
（Cyprinidae）, labeoninae（Labeoninae）, lip dace category（Semilabeo P）, it is commonly called as justifying hilsa herring, does not have six fishes, different fish etc.,
It is one of Pearl River system preciousness economic fish.Lip dace is lower floor fish in rivers, likes flowing water, is often sailed against the current, and fisherman calls it " only
It is upper water, not overboard ", therefore have the title of " not having fish ".
Northern Pan Jiang is the big tributary in Shang Yuan Hongsuihe River, the Pearl River Delta Xijiang River, rises in Yunnan Province Zhanyi County Wumeng Shan Mountain arteries and veins Ma Xiong
Shanxi northern foot, flows through Yunnan, the province of Guizhou two, basin underground flow section, falls that poor waterfall is all more, and full basin has big cascade many
Place, to beat on side river, source can cloth river（Also known as plain boiled water river）On Huangguoshu Waterfall it is maximum.Fork has：Spin out river, can cross a river,
Wu Douhe, Moon River, numb Shahe, beat side river etc., to beat river maximum is helped.
Lip dace is Anshun City, Guizhou Province Bei Pan rivers original inhabitants' economic fish, is commonly called as " snoot fish " in locality.Lip dace body extension and
Flat-sided, kiss is substantially projected forward, and both sides have lateral sulcus straight trip to move towards bicker；Kiss skin turns down and becomes the antetheca of mouthful cup to the outside of belly
Appearance has the file shape kick of proper alignment, and both sides are connected with lower lip, and eye is medium big, in head, the top of side, away from kiss end be more than away from
The trailing edge of cheek lid, eye spacing width and swell, mouth transverse fissure, the upper jaw of arc and kiss skin are disengaged, and have sharp keen cutin, lip two
Ditch is short after the lip of side, is not attached to, and appearance is also covered with neat little mastoid process, and extends triangularity, kiss palpus 1 pair, its length to jaw portion
Less than eye footpath, jaw must be born on lower lip labial angle, and dorsal fin trailing edge is deeply recessed, and finally branch fin ray length is not noticeably greater than long a, starting point
It is less than away from tail fin base away from kiss end, dorsal fin is not stretched up to tail fin base, and pectoral fin is open and flat, and end is not stretched up to abdomeinal fin, and its length is approximately equal to long a, abdomen
More anus is stretched in fin end, but does not stretch up to tail fin, and tail fin fork-shaped, most long fin ray is about 2 double-lengths of central fin ray, whole body duskiness, abdomen
Portion's canescence.
Investigate according to Guizhou Province marine Lives Research Academy, lip dace belongs to one of 34 kinds of Guizhou Province economic fish, belongs to Guizhou Province
First-class economic fish.Due to lip dace fine and tender taste, its meat flavour is delicious, and fat content is higher, is the good food in feast, at present in state
On interior market, per kilogram is up to 200 yuan or so, is a kind of larger famous-brand and high-quality fish of economic worth.Dace gives birth under field conditions (factors) lip
It is long slow, in recent years, due to the exploitation of northern Pan Jiang basins step power station, particularly some hydraulic engineerings build and exploitation is built
If the heavy damage natural propagation spawning place of lip dace, adds artificial in recent years overfishing and living environment is increasingly disliked
Change, particularly building for some hydraulic engineerings destroys the original spawning place of lip dace, causes the natural yield of Pearl River Delta few, makes
The resource of original producton location lip dace receives crushing blow, causes the population in imminent danger.At present, the ground such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan
The huge market demand of the area to lip dace, by natural yield, supply falls short of demand.Therefore, in order to protect this Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao resource and meet
The demand in market, carries out the lip dace artificial domestication breeding method of the kind, and exploitation is with popularization for increase China fish culture product
Plant, development local special features economy tool is of great significance.
The content of the invention
The invention solves the problems that technology be for deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of survival rate is high, reproductive number is more,
More high-quality are adapted to beat the lip dace artificial domestication and breeding method of side river valley.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of lip dace artificial domestication and breeding method,
Comprise the following steps：
（1）Build lip dace cultivating pond：Build the running water technology pond of manual simulation's natural environment, running water technology pool area
More than 50 square metres, 0.5～0.8m of the depth of water, water velocity is 0.1～0.2m/s, and water body PH7.0～8.0, dissolved oxygen is more than
6mg/L, the anniversary water temperature between 18～25 DEG C, water source adopt yellow fruit tree rainbow trout seed multiplication farm flowing water culture pond, limpid pollution-free, water
Matter is good, meets the basic growth conditions of lip dace；
（2）Parent population seed selects：The lip dace of wild capture is screened, select physique healthy and strong it is disease-free, it is individual it is uniform, send out
Educate preferable lip dace carries out embathing sterilization as cultivation object, and the lip dace to having screened；
（3）Conversion of food habit：Bait is thrown in into culture pond carries out artificial domestication, within the previous moon raised and train, adopts
Fed with yolk, soya-bean milk, after one month, with artificial composite powder shape feedstuff feeding, after ten months, with artificial synthesis particle material
Fed, made it then artifical compound feed of ingesting；
（4）Fry is cultivated：To lip dace young baby using yolk, soya-bean milk water flea, silk earthworm, feed, Jing after one month, throw
It is fed with crude protein 30%～40%, crude fat 4%～15%, crude fibre 1%～3%, coarse ash 10%～16%, vitamin pre-
Batch mixing 2%～5%, inorganic salts premix 5%～10%, the full price mash feed of moisture 8%～12%, after raising ten months,
Into the adult fish rearing stage, fed with artificial synthesized particulate material feed in the adult fish rearing stage；
（5）Gonad development is observed：It is annual to select the lip dace in age at age 3～5 according to IV, V phases in mating period in 2～May
The time that sexual gland occurs carries out reinforced cultivating, and being not less than 30%, crude fat with crude protein, to be not higher than 5%, carbohydrate not high
Feed in 10% is fed, it is ensured that vitamin A is not less than 2 million international units in per kilogram of feed, and vitamin D is not less than
2000 international units, total feeding volume is controlled the 0.3～0.5% of lip dace weight, and the morning, noon and afternoon respectively feed once.Period observes sexual gland
Developmental state, gonad development is estimated by stages with reference to the method for Ye Fuliang by stages：The gonad development of lip dace is divided into into 6 periods,
Mature coefficient is tried to achieve by sexual gland quality/ghost quality × 100%；Fish brood amount is counted with IV phase ovary, using 70% alcohol fixation 1
G ovaries, calculate ovum grain number, are then multiplied by sexual gland quality and obtain absolute fish brood amount；With respect to fish brood amount by absolute fish brood amount/ghost
Quality is tried to achieve；With IV phase ovary measurement ovum footpath, more than 100 are measured per tail, with the micro- chi measurement of mesh under anatomical lens.Mating period root
The time occurred according to IV, V phases sexual gland determines.The development of spermary and the development basic synchronization of ovary；
（6）Raise and train management：Prevent water level around cultivating pond from rising in the artificial domestication nurturing period and cause to escape fish, and sternly
Prevent that other fish enter fishpond.
Further, in the step（4）In fry culture, at least twice daily in the morning 9:00 and afternoon 4:00 point is entered
Row throws in bait, and institute's feeding volume for the 2～3% of lip dace body weight.
Using a kind of lip dace artificial domestication of the present invention and breeding method, its advantage is：Be conducive to promoting
Lip dace breeding scale and population continue, and increase indigenous strains aquaculture and consumption new varieties, keep aquatic ecological, protection
Local Excellent germ plasm resource, proliferating population quantity, biometric safeguard diversity and the ecological balance, so as to make full use of side river valley is beaten
Natural resources, be that people cultivate substantial amounts of lip dace and create huge investment opportunity and considerable economic benefit, meet market
Demand, creates bigger economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
For the explanation more confiscated enforcement of the invention, the present invention is further elaborated.In source on side river of beating
Plain boiled water river carries out test cultivation, and cultivation base is located at by the plain boiled water river of Huangguoshu Waterfall upstream, and cultivation place is cold on Anshun plateau
Flowing water Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao cultivation base.
Embodiment one：
A kind of lip dace artificial domestication and breeding method, comprise the following steps：
（1）Build lip dace cultivating pond：Build the running water technology pond of manual simulation's natural environment, running water technology pool area
For 60 square metres, 0.6～0.8m of the depth of water, water velocity is 0.1～0.2m/s, and water body PH7.0～8.0, dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/
L, the anniversary water temperature between 18～25 DEG C, water source adopt yellow fruit tree rainbow trout seed multiplication farm flowing water culture pond, limpid pollution-free, water quality
It is good, meet the basic growth conditions of lip dace；
（2）Parent population seed selects：The lip dace of wild capture is screened, select physique healthy and strong it is disease-free, it is individual it is larger, send out
Educate preferable lip dace carries out embathing sterilization as cultivation object, and the lip dace to having screened；
（3）Conversion of food habit：Bait is thrown in into culture pond carries out artificial domestication, within the previous moon raised and train, adopts
Fed with yolk, soya-bean milk, after one month, with artificial composite powder shape feedstuff feeding, after three months, with artificial synthesis particle material
Fed, made it then artifical compound feed of ingesting；
（4）Artificial domestication：To lip dace young baby using yolk, soya-bean milk water flea, silk earthworm, feed, Jing after one month, throw
It is fed with crude protein 30%～40%, crude fat 4%～15%, crude fibre 1%～3%, coarse ash 10%～16%, vitamin pre-
Batch mixing 2%～5%, inorganic salts premix 5%～10%, the full price mash feed of moisture 8%～12%, after raising ten months,
Into the adult fish rearing stage, fed with artificial synthesized particulate material feed in the adult fish rearing stage, existed at least twice daily
Morning 9:00 and afternoon 4:00 point carries out input bait, and institute's feeding volume for the 2% of lip dace body weight；
（5）Gonad development is observed：The gonad development of lip dace is divided into into 6 periods, its mature coefficient presses sexual gland quality/sky
Chitin amount × 100% is tried to achieve, and with IV phase ovary fish brood amount is counted, and using 70% alcohol fixation 1g ovaries, calculates its ovum grain number, so
After be multiplied by sexual gland quality and obtain absolute fish brood amount, and relative fish brood amount is tried to achieve by absolute fish brood amount/ghost quality, with IV phase ovum
Nest measurement ovum footpath, it is desirable to more than 100 are measured per tail, is measured under anatomical lens, the development of spermary and the development base of ovary
This synchronization, lip dace belongs to a Type of Spawning, and its ovum is viscid egg, and after output, ovum is attached on stone or pasture and water and is incubated
Change.Therefore it is annual to select the lip dace in age at age 3～5 to be carried out according to the time that IV, V phases sexual gland occurs in mating period in 2～May
Reinforced cultivating, be not less than with crude protein 30%, crude fat be not higher than 5%, carbohydrate be not higher than 10% feed carry out feed
Support, it is ensured that vitamin A is not less than 2 million international units in per kilogram of feed, and vitamin D is not less than 2000 international units, always feeds
The 0.3～0.5% of lip dace weight, the morning, noon and afternoon respectively feed once for amount control；
（6）Raise and train management：Prevent water level around cultivating pond from rising in the artificial domestication nurturing period and cause to escape fish, and sternly
Prevent that other fish enter fishpond.
Embodiment two：
A kind of lip dace artificial domestication and breeding method, comprise the following steps：
（1）Build lip dace cultivating pond：Build micro- running water technology pond of manual simulation's natural environment, micro- running water technology pond
Area is 500 square metres, and 0.5～0.6m of the depth of water, water velocity is 0.5～0.15m/s, and water body PH7.0～8.5, dissolved oxygen is big
In 5mg/L, the anniversary water temperature between 18～25 DEG C, water source adopts yellow fruit tree rainbow trout seed multiplication farm flowing water culture pond, limpid pollution-free,
Water quality is good, meets the basic growth conditions of lip dace；
（2）Parent population seed selects：The lip dace of wild capture is screened, select physique healthy and strong it is disease-free, it is individual it is larger, send out
Educate preferable lip dace carries out embathing sterilization as cultivation object, and the lip dace to having screened；
（3）Conversion of food habit：Bait is thrown in into culture pond carries out artificial domestication, within the previous moon raised and train, adopts
Fed with yolk, soya-bean milk, wheel animalcule, after one month, with artificial composite powder shape feedstuff feeding, after ten months, with artificial synthesized
Particulate material is fed, and is made it then artifical compound feed of ingesting；
（4）Fry is cultivated：To lip dace young baby using yolk, soya-bean milk water flea, silk earthworm, feed, Jing after one month, throw
It is fed with crude protein 30%～40%, crude fat 4%～15%, crude fibre 1%～3%, coarse ash 10%～16%, vitamin pre-
Batch mixing 2%～5%, inorganic salts premix 5%～10%, the full price mash feed of moisture 8%～12%, after raising ten months,
Into the adult fish rearing stage, fed with artificial synthesized particulate material feed in the adult fish rearing stage, existed at least twice daily
Morning 9:00 and afternoon 4:00 point carries out input bait, and institute's feeding volume for the 3% of lip dace body weight；
（5）Gonad development is observed：The gonad development of lip dace is divided into into 6 periods, its mature coefficient presses sexual gland quality/sky
Chitin amount × 100% is tried to achieve, and with IV phase ovary fish brood amount is counted, and using 70% alcohol fixation 1g ovaries, calculates its ovum grain number, so
After be multiplied by sexual gland quality and obtain absolute fish brood amount, and relative fish brood amount is tried to achieve by absolute fish brood amount/ghost quality, with IV phase ovum
Nest measurement ovum footpath, it is desirable to more than 100 are measured per tail, is measured under anatomical lens, the development of spermary and the development base of ovary
This synchronization, lip dace belongs to a Type of Spawning, and its ovum is viscid egg, and after output, ovum is attached on stone or pasture and water and is incubated
Change.Therefore it is annual to select the lip dace in age at age 3～5 to be carried out according to the time that IV, V phases sexual gland occurs in mating period in 2～May
Reinforced cultivating, be not less than with crude protein 30%, crude fat be not higher than 5%, carbohydrate be not higher than 10% feed carry out feed
Support, it is ensured that vitamin A is not less than 2 million international units in per kilogram of feed, and vitamin D is not less than 2000 international units, always feeds
The 0.4～0.5% of lip dace weight, the morning, noon and afternoon respectively feed once for amount control；
（6）Raise and train management：Prevent water level around cultivating pond from rising in the artificial domestication nurturing period and cause to escape fish, and sternly
Prevent that other fish enter fishpond.
Embodiment described above only expresses the specific embodiment of the present invention, and its description is more concrete and detailed, but and
Therefore the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformations and improvement can also be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of lip dace artificial domestication and breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) lip dace cultivating pond is built：Build flowing water, micro- running water technology pond of manual simulation's natural environment, running water technology pond
Area is more than 50 square metres, and 0.5～0.8m of the depth of water, water velocity is 0.1～0.2m/s, and water body pH7.0～8.0, dissolved oxygen is big
In 6mg/L, the anniversary water temperature between 18～25 DEG C, pool cultivated using yellow fruit tree rainbow trout seed multiplication farm flowing water culture, water source requires clear
Clear pollution-free, water quality is good, meets the basic growth conditions of lip dace；
(2) parent population seed selects：The wild lip dace of capture is screened, select that physique healthy and strong is disease-free, individual uniform, development compared with
Good lip dace carries out embathing sterilization as cultivation object, and the lip dace to having screened；
(3) conversion of food habit：Bait is thrown in into culture pond carries out artificial domestication, within the previous moon raised and train, using egg
Yellow, soya-bean milk is fed, and after one month, with artificial composite powder shape feedstuff feeding, after ten months, is carried out with artificial synthesis particle material
Feed, make it then artifical compound feed of ingesting；
(4) fingerlings artificial is raised and train：It is annual to select the lip dace in age at age 3～5 according to IV, V phase sexual glands in mating period in 2～May
The time of appearance carries out reinforced cultivating, is not less than 30%, crude fat with crude protein and is not higher than 5%, carbohydrate and is not higher than
10% feed is fed, it is ensured that vitamin A is not less than 2 million international units in per kilogram of feed, and vitamin D is not less than 2000
International unit, total feeding volume is controlled the 0.3～0.5% of lip dace weight, and the morning, noon and afternoon respectively feed once；Period observes gonad development
Situation, gonad development is by stages using range estimation allotment method：The gonad development of lip dace is divided into into 6 periods, mature coefficient presses sexual gland
Quality/ghost quality × 100% is tried to achieve；Fish brood amount is counted with IV phase ovary, using 70% alcohol fixation 1g ovaries, ovum grain is calculated
Number, is then multiplied by sexual gland quality and obtains absolute fish brood amount；Tried to achieve by absolute fish brood amount/ghost quality with respect to fish brood amount；With IV
Phase ovary measurement ovum footpath, more than 100 are measured per tail, with the micro- chi measurement of mesh under anatomical lens；Mating period is according to IV, V phase sexual glands
The time of appearance determines；The development of spermary is synchronous with the development of ovary；
(5) gonad development observation：Lip dace young baby is thrown using yolk, soya-bean milk, wheel animalcule, cladocera, Copepods aquatic animal
Hello；After one month, feed containing crude protein 30%～40%, crude fat 4%～15%, crude fibre 1%～3%, coarse ash 10%
～16%, vitamin premix 2%～5%, inorganic salts premix 5%～10%, the full price powdery of moisture 8%～12% is raised
Material, after raising ten months, into the adult fish rearing stage, is thrown in the adult fish rearing stage with artificial synthesized particulate material feed
Hello, strengthen feeding and management；
(6) management is raised and train：Prevent water level around cultivating pond from rising in the artificial domestication nurturing period and cause to escape fish, and prevent it
Its fish enters fishpond.
2. a kind of lip dace artificial domestication according to claim 1 and breeding method, it is characterised in that：In the step (4)
During fingerlings artificial is raised and train, at least twice daily in the morning 9:00 and afternoon 4:00 point carries out input bait, and is fed
Measure as the 2～3% of lip dace body weight.
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