CN104161001B - A kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method - Google Patents
A kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method, select Tilapia mossambica cultivating pool, do annual March with lime disinfection behind the pool, water temperature stability after 20 DEG C, every 667m
2single male Tilipia that specification 20-25g/ tail is thrown in pond is survived the winter seedling 1800-2000 tail, within 30 days, throws in loach fry 20,000 tail of specification 3-4cm afterwards.By tame and docile food, formation Tilapia mossambica and loach distinguish in different bait throwing in and ingest.Every bu secondary is thrown something and fed Tilapia mossambica and loach special compound feed.Tilapia mossambica raises harvesting listing ahead of time after 4 ~ 5 months, reduces pond culture density, extends loach vegetative period.The present invention adopts Tilapia mossambica to separate feeding technology with loach with the pool, utilizes life habit and the feeding habits feature of Tilapia mossambica and loach, reasonably combined, give full play to breeding water body space, cultivation marketable fish size is large, quality good, reaches growth promoting effects, increases production and improves productivity, the effect of increasing the benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, relate to a kind of aquatic products and raise together with technology, specifically a kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method.
Background technology
Freshwater cultivation is China's aquaculture pillar industry, and the principal item of Tilapia mossambica and the freshwater aquiculture of loach Jun Shi China, within 2012, cultured output is respectively 1,550,000 tons and 280,000 tons, occupies the 6th and the 13 of the main freshwater fish culturing output of China.
At present, China's Tilapia mossambica cultivation is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan and province, Fujian five, and main aquaculture model is still based on Pond culture, and some filter-feeding fishes of arranging in pairs or groups, as silver carp, bighead; What also have small part raises together with mode, Tilapia mossambica and mud crab, Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, Colossoma brachypomum, yellow cartfish raise together with alternate culture, owing to being subject to the restriction of cultural technique and aquaculture model, these are raised together with mode and still there is certain defect, overall economic efficiency is not enough, also have the factors such as Tilapia mossambica market price fluctuations, cultivation profit margin reduces further simultaneously, and culture benefit needs to be improved further.
Tilapia mossambica is pelagic fishes, and loach belongs to demersal fishes, is called " in water ginseng ", its fine and tender taste, nutritious, and have higher edible and medical value, in very great demand on market at home and abroad, price remains high always.Loach to the strong adaptability of environment, lower oxygen concentration resistance, with other fish raise together with often with the residual bait of other fish for eating, in cultivating pool, raise together with loach, effect of well cleaning up the pond can be played.According to difference life water layer and the eating habit of Tilapia mossambica and loach, reasonably combined by Tilapia mossambica and loach, make full use of pond waters breeding spaces, form Tilapia mossambica, loach Polyculture, change Tilapia mossambica or the traditional Pond culture pattern of loach, make full use of pool resources, reduce aquaculture cost, realize the maximization of pond culture output and economic benefit, to the sustainable development important in inhibiting promoting China Tilapia mossambica and loach breeding industry.
There is no the relevant report that Tilapia mossambica and loach are raised together with at present, but Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture, need to address the problem: the first, the suitable breeding density of Tilapia mossambica and loach and sequencing problem.The second, Tilapia mossambica and loach there are differences in feed nutrition demand, and it is strong that Tilapia mossambica robs food energy force rate loach, and affect loach growth, need to solve feedstuff feeding method problem, the 3rd, the oxygen-resistant ability of Tilapia mossambica is lower than loach, solve pool oxygenation problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method are provided.The present invention utilizes life habits different between biology and feature, and mutualism gives full play to breeding water body, improves efficiency of feed utilization, improves growth rate and yield per unit area, reaches the effect increased production and improved productivity.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method, comprise following steps:
(1) carry out in annual March sterilization of cleaning up the pond, sterilize after 7 ~ 10 days, new water of annotating, carries out and puts front preparation in a suitable place to breed;
(2) when pond water temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C, start to carry out Tilapia mossambica seed and put in a suitable place to breed, according to 1800 ~ 2000 tails/667m
2single male Tilipia of density stocking size 20 ~ 25g/ tail to survive the winter seed; Loach fry is put in a suitable place to breed, stocking size 3 ~ 4cm, breeding density 20,000 tails/667m after 30 days
2;
(3) Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed and within latter second day, starts to tame and docile food, by timing, fixed point domestication, formed Tilapia mossambica and loach different throw something and feed a little to separate ingest, use Tilapia mossambica and loach special compound feed, throw something and feed 2 day;
(4), in 9 ~ October then, when Tilapia mossambica average size reaches more than 500g/ tail, after the Tilapia mossambica of more than 90% is fished for out the pool, loach stays the former pool to continue cultivation;
(5) loach is raised to Second Year January, adopts cylinder mould trapping method, catches to stay greatly little, raises all dry pool harvestings in March.
The sterilization of described step (1) is: use 100 ~ 120kg/667m
2quicklime full pool spilling head carry out dry method and to clean up the pond sterilization.
Single male Tilipia in described step (2) its male ratio of seed of surviving the winter is more than 95%.
Domestication in described step (3) forms Tilapia mossambica and loach by conditioned reflex to throw something and feed a food custom in difference, Tilapia mossambica is thrown something and fed the swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28wt%, and the day feeding volume depositing 3% ~ 5% of pool amount by the Tilapia mossambica of calculating is thrown something and fed; Loach is thrown something and fed the heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32wt%, and the day feeding volume depositing 5% ~ 6% of pool amount by loach is thrown something and fed, and throws something and feeds after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed again.
Described step (3) is Sino-Japan throw something and feed 2 times when being every morning 9:00,15:00 in afternoon time; Every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation when 8:00 next day.
At the high temperature season of water temperature more than 32 DEG C, noon every day opens aerator 1 ~ 2h, regulates levels dissolved oxygen.
The present invention utilizes Tilapia mossambica to live in pond waters at the middle and upper levels, and loach lives in the biological nature of pond waters bottom, makes full use of the different Water space in pond, improves the cultivation amount of pond waters.Loach is ominivore-fish, both can the ingest algae in pond waters, residual bait and organic debris, has the effect improving feed efficiency and clean pond waters.Propagating artificially under condition, loach also can ingest artifical compound feed, for reaching expected volume, needs to carry out throwing something and feeding of artificial feed to loach.By Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method, form Tilapia mossambica by tame and docile food and separate the method for carrying out feedstuff feeding with loach, both are made separately to ingest respective special feed, do not rob mutually food, extruding, improve pond fish growth rate with this, reduce disease and feed coefficient, avoid the growth of cultivation loach in early stage and be suppressed.Because Tilapia mossambica ingestion ability is strong, fast growth, raises and just can reach listing specification in 4 ~ 5 months, after the listing of Tilapia mossambica harvesting, reduce pond culture density, by strengthening the raising of loach, after 3 wheat harvesting periods, loach can grow to listing specification, goes out the pool successively after surviving the winter.The aquaculture model that Tilapia mossambica and loach are raised together with pond, it can play the mutual benefits of Tilapia mossambica and loach, makes full use of aquifer cultivation space, increases the total yield, and can improve water quality again, the effect of reach growth promoting effects, increasing the benefit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is also:
1) compared with the Fish-shrimp mix-culture method (Chinese patent CN201310685571.9, CN200910041547.5) of raising together with existing Tilapia mossambica and Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, Tilapia mossambica and loach all can be thrown something and fed manufactured feed, loach growth is fast, and output, survival rate are all higher, and it is better to raise together with comprehensive benefit; And prawn is raised together with in Tilapia mossambica, cannot rob food with Tilapia mossambica, the natural bait that cultivating pool can only be leaned on limited and residual bait, prawn growth is slow, output and survival rate lower;
2) with existing Tilapia mossambica compared with Colossoma brachypomum polyculture method, the space utilization of this method aquifer cultivation is with the obvious advantage.Colossoma brachypomum and Tilapia mossambica are both pelagic fishes, equally with Tilapia mossambica are difficult at pond overwintering.And loach effectively can utilize pond culture in winter, extend the cultivation cultivation phase, effectively improve output and marketable fish size, and loach market sale price to be Colossoma brachypomum high 2 ~ 3 times, so it is higher to raise together with loach benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention's the following example further illustrates the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following example.The method of unreceipted actual conditions in following Examples, the usually conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer condition of advising.
Embodiment 1
Pond area 4 × 667m
2, mean depth of water 2.0m, enters draining, electric power system is perfect, is equipped with 1.5kw waterwheel aerator 2, automatic feeder 2, and automatic feeder is separately positioned on different bait throwing in region, pond.Water source is mountain stream stream, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free.
In mid-March, 2012, pond through desilting removal of impurities, revise reinforce, be exposed to the sun after, according to 120kg/667m
2the quicklime of consumption carries out dry method and to clean up the pond sterilization, and after 7 days, new water of annotating, to pond water level 1.5m, is carried out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed.
March 28, pond water temperature was stabilized in after more than 20 DEG C, and the mono-male Tilipia of Xin Jifu having thrown in average size 21.3g/ tail is survived the winter kind of 7200 tails, and male ratio is 96%; April 27, the JeFu luoluo fish thrown in pond in loach fry 80,000 tail of specification 3cm and pond is raised together with.
Tilapia mossambica puts latter second day in a suitable place to breed, the Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding is adopted to start to carry out in first bait throwing in district taming and dociling food, by timing, fixed point domestication, form Tilapia mossambica a little to ingest in fixing throwing something and feeding, Tilapia mossambica is thrown something and fed the swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28%, what day feeding volume deposited pool amount by the Tilapia mossambica of calculating 3% ~ 5% calculates, and during 9:00 in morning every day, 15:00 in afternoon time-division secondary throws something and feeds.Loach after putting in a suitable place to breed second day, also start to adopt Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding to carry out tame and docile food in second bait throwing in district to throw something and feed, to throw something and feed the heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32%, day feeding volume is that loach deposits 5% ~ 6% of pool amount, throw something and feed every day 2 times, throw something and feed after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed, form Tilapia mossambica and separate the custom of ingesting with loach.Above-mentioned nursing suitably increases and decreases according to weather, water quality and fish body situation of ingesting every day, suitably reduces feeding volume overcast and rainy subtracting.
Supplementary water injection in breeding process, keep pond water level 2.0m, every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation when 8:00 next day, and at the high temperature season of water temperature more than 32 DEG C, noon every day opens aerator 1 ~ 2h, regulated levels dissolved oxygen.Raise to August 20, Tilapia mossambica starts harvesting listing, and loach raises on January 15th, 2013, starts to adopt the harvesting listing in batches of cylinder mould trapping method, all cleaned up the pond fish for listing to March 10.Gross yield 5844kg, average per unit area yield 1461kg/667m
2, wherein, Tilapia mossambica output 4318kg, average size 612g/ tail, survival rate 98%, loach output 1526kg, average size 26.3g/ tail, survival rate 72.53%, average profit 6993 yuan/667m
2.
Embodiment 2
Choose 3 mouthfuls of pond areas and be 5 × 667m
2the Tilapia mossambica cultivating pool of mean depth of water 2.0m, tool improves into draining and electric power system, the paddle aerator 1 of 3kw has been installed in every mouthful of pond, automatic feeder 1, be arranged on the first bait throwing in region for Tilapia mossambica puffing granule compound feed of throwing something and feeding, in another bait throwing in district in pond, 5 feeding hack, feeding platform, feeding trays be set, for sinking property of loach granular mixed feed of throwing something and feeding.Water source is reservoir water, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free.
In mid-March, 2013, pond after leveling removal of impurities, being exposed to the sun, according to 120kg/667m
2the quicklime of consumption carries out dry method and to clean up the pond sterilization, and after 10 days, new water of annotating, to pond water level 1.5m, is carried out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed.
April 7, pond water temperature was stabilized in after more than 20 DEG C, thrown in average size 20g/ tail, male ratio be 98% single male Tilipia to survive the winter kind of 2.88 ten thousand tails, average breeding density is 1920 tail/667 ㎡; May 8, the JeFu luoluo fish thrown in pond in loach fry 300,000 tail of average size 3.0cm and pond is raised together with.
Tilapia mossambica puts latter second day in a suitable place to breed, the Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding is adopted to start to carry out in first bait throwing in district taming and dociling food, by timing, fixed point domestication, form Tilapia mossambica to ingest in first region of throwing something and feeding, Tilapia mossambica is thrown something and fed the swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28%, what day feeding volume deposited pool amount by Tilapia mossambica 3% ~ 5% throws something and feeds, and during 9:00 in morning every day, 15:00 in afternoon time-division secondary throws something and feeds.Loach after putting in a suitable place to breed second day, also start to tame and docile food in the enterprising pedestrian's work of the feed table in second bait throwing in district to throw something and feed, to throw something and feed the heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32%, what day feeding volume deposited pool amount by the loach of measuring and calculating 5% calculates, throw something and feed every day 2 times, throw something and feed in the Tilapia mossambica laggard pedestrian's work that starts to throw something and feed, formed and separate the custom of ingesting with Tilapia mossambica.Above-mentioned nursing suitably increases and decreases according to weather, water quality and fish body situation of ingesting every day, subtracts suitably feeding volume less overcast and rainy.
Breeding process is progressively annotated new water, and keeps pond water level 2.0m, and every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation when 8:00 next day, and at the high temperature season of water temperature more than 32 DEG C, noon every day opens aerator 1 ~ 2h, regulates levels dissolved oxygen.Raise to August 26, will reach the Tilapia mossambica harvesting listing in batches of specification, loach raises on December 20th, 2013, starts to adopt the harvesting listing in batches of cylinder mould trapping method, all cleaned up the pond fish for listing to March 8.Gross yield 20166kg, average per unit area yield 1344.4kg/667m
2, wherein, Tilapia mossambica output 14750kg, average size 586g/ tail, survival rate 97.4%, loach output 5416kg, average size 23.6g/ tail, survival rate 76.5%, average profit 6832 yuan/667m
2.
Embodiment 3
Pond area 10 × 667m
2, mean depth of water 2.5m, enters draining, power system is perfect, has installed the paddle aerator 3 of 3kw, automatic feeder 2, is arranged on same bait throwing in region for Tilapia mossambica puffing granule compound feed of throwing something and feeding.Water source is reservoir water, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free.
In late March, 2013, pond after desilting removal of impurities, being exposed to the sun, according to 100kg/667m
2the quicklime of consumption carries out dry method and to clean up the pond sterilization, and after 10 days, new water of annotating, to pond water level 1.5m, is carried out and put front preparation in a suitable place to breed.
April 10, pond water temperature was stabilized in after more than 20 DEG C, and the single male Tilipia having thrown in average size 25g/ tail is survived the winter kind of 20,000 tails, and male ratio is 98%; May 8, the JeFu luoluo fish thrown in pond in loach fry 200,000 tail of average size 3.5cm and pond is raised together with.
Tilapia mossambica puts latter second day in a suitable place to breed, the Autoamtic bait putting machine mode of throwing something and feeding is adopted to start to carry out in first bait throwing in district taming and dociling food, by timing, fixed point domestication, form Tilapia mossambica to ingest in first region of throwing something and feeding, Tilapia mossambica is thrown something and fed the swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28%, what day feeding volume deposited pool amount by Tilapia mossambica 3% ~ 5% throws something and feeds, and during 9:00 in morning every day, 15:00 in afternoon time-division secondary throws something and feeds.Loach after putting in a suitable place to breed second day, also start to arrange in second bait throwing in district 10 feed tables manually to tame and docile food and throw something and feed, to throw something and feed the heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32%, day feeding volume is that loach deposits 5% of pool amount, throw something and feed every day 2 times, throw something and feed after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed, form Tilapia mossambica and separate the custom of ingesting with loach.Above-mentioned nursing suitably increases and decreases according to weather, water quality and fish body situation of ingesting every day, subtracts suitably feeding volume less overcast and rainy.
Breeding process is progressively annotated new water, and keeps pond water level 2.5m, and every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation when 8:00 next day, and at the high temperature season of water temperature more than 32 DEG C, noon every day opens aerator 1 ~ 2h, regulates levels dissolved oxygen.Raise to September 17, adopt in bait throwing in district purse seine fishing mode by Tilapia mossambica harvesting listing in batches, loach raises on January 30th, 2014, starts to adopt the harvesting listing in batches of cylinder mould trapping method, all cleans up the pond fish for listing to March 15.Gross yield 14996kg, average per unit area yield 1499.6kg/667m
2, wherein, Tilapia mossambica output 11576kg, average size 605g/ tail, survival rate 95.67%, loach output 3420kg, average size 25g/ tail, survival rate 68.4%, average profit 5946 yuan/667m
2.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Tilapia mossambica and a loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: comprise following steps:
(1) carry out in annual March sterilization of cleaning up the pond, sterilize after 7 ~ 10 days, new water of annotating, carries out and puts front preparation in a suitable place to breed;
(2) when pond water temperature is stabilized in more than 20 DEG C, start to carry out Tilapia mossambica seed and put in a suitable place to breed, according to 1800 ~ 2000 tails/667m
2single male Tilipia of density stocking size 20 ~ 25g/ tail to survive the winter seed; Loach fry is put in a suitable place to breed, stocking size 3 ~ 4cm, breeding density 20,000 tails/667m after 30 days
2;
(3) Tilapia mossambica is put in a suitable place to breed and within latter second day, starts to tame and docile food, by timing, fixed point domestication, formed Tilapia mossambica and loach different throw something and feed a little to separate ingest, use Tilapia mossambica and loach special compound feed, throw something and feed 2 day; Domestication in described step (3) forms Tilapia mossambica and loach by conditioned reflex to throw something and feed a food custom in difference, Tilapia mossambica is thrown something and fed the swelling granular special compound feed of crude protein content 28wt%, and the day feeding volume depositing 3% ~ 5% of pool amount by the Tilapia mossambica of calculating is thrown something and fed; Loach is thrown something and fed the heavy property particle special compound feed of crude protein content 32wt%, and the day feeding volume depositing 5% ~ 6% of pool amount by loach is thrown something and fed, and throws something and feeds after Tilapia mossambica starts to throw something and feed again;
(4), in 9 ~ October then, when Tilapia mossambica average size reaches more than 500g/ tail, after the Tilapia mossambica of more than 90% is fished for out the pool, loach stays the former pool to continue cultivation;
(5) loach is raised to Second Year January, adopts cylinder mould trapping method, catches to stay greatly little, raises all dry pool harvestings in March.
2. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: the sterilization of described step (1) is: use 100 ~ 120kg/667m
2quicklime full pool spilling head carry out dry method and to clean up the pond sterilization.
3. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: its male ratio of seed of surviving the winter of the single male Tilipia in described step (2) is more than 95%.
4. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: described step (3) is Sino-Japan throw something and feed 2 times when being every morning 9:00,15:00 in afternoon time; Every day, 23:00 opened aerator oxygenation when 8:00 next day.
5. Tilapia mossambica according to claim 4 and loach pond polyculture method, is characterized in that: at the high temperature season of water temperature more than 32 DEG C, noon every day opens aerator 1 ~ 2h, regulates levels dissolved oxygen.
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| CN104509467A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 天津市益多利来水产养殖有限公司 | Mixed culture method for grass carp and loaches |
| CN106342728B (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2019-04-09 | 卓礼仕 | The cultural method of high-quality Tilapia mossambica |
| CN107306857A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-03 | 梁梅 | The method of pond culture male Tilipia |
| CN110771535B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-11-19 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Pond polyculture method for pelteobagrus fulvidraco and tilapia |
| CN113412801B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-10-04 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Simple method for rapidly domesticating zander |
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| CN102461472A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-23 | 柳州市鱼家乐饲料有限公司 | Culture method of Tilapia |
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