CN113349126A - Macrobrachium rosenbergii paddy field culture and wild trash fish physical removal method - Google Patents
Macrobrachium rosenbergii paddy field culture and wild trash fish physical removal method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113349126A CN113349126A CN202110784501.3A CN202110784501A CN113349126A CN 113349126 A CN113349126 A CN 113349126A CN 202110784501 A CN202110784501 A CN 202110784501A CN 113349126 A CN113349126 A CN 113349126A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K79/00—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for paddy field culture of macrobrachium rosenbergii and physical removal of wild trash fish, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting field blocks: the rice field requires convenient water intake and drainage, sufficient water source, good water quality and no industrial pollution; the ridge and the field surface do not leak, and the water retention performance is better; the soil is preferably clay loam, and the soil fertility is strong; convenient power-on, passage and communication, and convenient in the coming in and going out of the offspring seeds, the feed and the commercial shrimps. The area of the rice field has no strict requirement, generally ranges from 8 mu to 10 mu, is convenient for unified water supply, seed supply, drug application and pest control, improves the scale benefit, selects concentrated connected rice fields, develops the culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, carries out professional production, is intensively operated, selects the shrimp larvae which are negative by the detection of the TAS-ELISA method of the macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus, thoroughly eliminates the enemies of the macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae in the rice field, puts the shrimp larvae in low density, improves the survival rate, physically eliminates the wild trash fish in the rice field during the culture period of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and scientifically prevents the muscle whitish disease of the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of macrobrachium rosenbergii paddy field cultivation, in particular to a macrobrachium rosenbergii paddy field cultivation and a wild fish physical removal method.
Background
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is also called white leg shrimp, Malaysia macrobrachium, Pandalus pulchella, and Penaeus vannamei, etc., and vegetarian has the name of freshwater shrimp king. The origin is concentrated on the Eichoudor coast, and is one of the three shrimp species with the highest culture quantity in the world. The meat is thin and fat, and has fresh and tender meat quality, delicious taste and rich nutrition. Besides the flavor of common freshwater shrimps, the mature macrobrachium rosenbergii head and breast shells are filled with gonads, and have special delicious taste similar to crab spawns. Every hundred grams of shrimp meat contains 20.6 grams of protein and 0.7 gram of fat, and also contains a plurality of vitamins and trace elements necessary for human bodies, and is a high-protein nutrient aquatic product. The fresh food can be used for cooking braised prawn, fried prawn, shrimp meat, etc. Can be processed into seafood such as dried shrimp and dried shrimps.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for breeding macrobrachium rosenbergii in a rice field and physically removing wild trash fish to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for paddy field culture of macrobrachium rosenbergii and physical removal of wild trash fish, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for paddy field culture of macrobrachium rosenbergii and physical removal of wild trash fish comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting field blocks: the rice field requires convenient water intake and drainage, sufficient water source, good water quality and no industrial pollution; the ridge and the field surface do not leak, and the water retention performance is better; the soil is preferably clay loam, and the soil fertility is strong; convenient power-on, passage and communication, and convenient in the coming in and going out of the offspring seeds, the feed and the commercial shrimps. The area of the rice field has no strict requirement, generally ranges from 8 mu to 10 mu, is convenient for unified water supply, seed supply, medication and pest control, improves the scale benefit, and preferably selects concentrated connected rice fields on the premise of unified planning to develop the culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, implement professional production and intensively operate;
step two: a block of wide-furrow rice field + B block of furrow rice field are combined and arranged: the structure of the rice field is reconstructed by taking 2 pieces of rice fields as a group, and the A piece of rice field adopts a wide-furrow type for culturing macrobrachium rosenbergii: the shrimp culture ditch is excavated at the position 2-3 meters away from the ridge along the inner side of the ridge of the rice field, the width of the ditch is 4-6 meters, the depth of the ditch is 1.2-1.5 meters, the ditch is annular, and the slope ratio is 1: 2.5, no trench is dug in the field; the shrimp culture ditches account for about 10% of the whole area of the rice field, and the excavated soil is used for heightening and reinforcing ridges and leveling the field surface; the group B of rice fields adopts a ridge and furrow type: excavating shrimp culture ditches 1-2 m wide and 0.8-1 m deep at a position 1-2 m away from ridges around the rice field, excavating field ditches every 5-6 m in the field, wherein the ditches are 1 m wide and 0.6 m deep, and the circular ditches are communicated with the field ditches; some temporary culture ditches with the width of 3-5 meters, the length of 8-10 meters and the depth of 1-1.5 meters can be excavated in one corner of the rice field and are used for culturing shrimp seeds and harvesting adult shrimps, and the area of the shrimp culture ditches accounts for about 10% of the area of the rice field;
step three: preparation work before seedling release: cleaning and disinfecting the ditches, wherein the ditches are cleaned and disinfected 20-25 days before the fries are put in, 60-75 kg of quicklime is sprayed to each mu of shrimp culture ditch according to the actual area of the ditches to kill pests, water can enter the shrimp culture ditch after the toxicity is eliminated, and a water inlet is sealed by a 40-60 mesh net bag to prevent wild trash fish from entering the shrimp culture ditch; applying enough base fertilizer, keeping the water depth of the shrimp ditch after water enters about 60cm, applying 750 kg-1500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and simultaneously putting 75 kg-150 kg of snails into each mu; transplanting the aquatic plants: the shrimp seed breeding surface is transplanted with aquatic plants such as Malaysia malabarica, hydrilla verticillata, and Sophora alopecuroides, and the water grass coverage area is 1/3;
step four: selecting seeds: selecting high-quality healthy desalted seedlings produced in a seedling raising field with self-reproduction or no disease history every 5-6 months, wherein the high-quality healthy desalted seedlings are uniform in size, have the length of more than 0.8cm, strong in physique and strong upstream capability, and are negative shrimp seedlings detected by a TaS-ELISA method of the nodavirus of the macrobrachium rosenbergii;
step five: completely eliminating the harmful insects of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings in the rice field: sieving with 80 mesh sieve for 2 times to obtain a total filtering area of 200m2 or more, ensuring smooth water flow, and preventing larva and ovum of enemy from entering; meanwhile, water sources of the water inlet such as 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the like are solarized in high temperature seasons thoroughly to clear the field, so that the water inlet is free from the enemy of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
step six: the shrimp larvae are released at a low density, and the survival rate is improved: the time is preferably 5-6 months, the rice can be effectively tillered, the first rice field baking is finished, and the seedlings can be thrown after the water temperature is kept above 25 ℃ for a plurality of days; selecting the method to be carried out in the morning or evening of fine day, adding a small amount of field water into the seedling transportation container slowly and slowly before putting the seedlings, adjusting the water temperature until the water temperature in the container is close to the pool water temperature, and putting the shrimp seedlings into the field to prevent the shrimp seedlings from catching a cold and influencing the survival rate and the growth and development; generally, the planned yield is calculated according to the total area of the paddy field and is more than 450kg per mu, 9-11.25 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of 0.8cm or 4.5 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of more than 1.5cm can be placed according to the actual area of the shrimp ditches and per mu (0.9-1.13 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of 0.8cm or 0.45 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of more than 1.5cm are calculated according to the total area of the paddy field); under normal conditions, the survival rate can reach more than 80 percent by more than 1.5 cm;
step seven: physical removal of wild trash fish in the rice field in the growing period of macrobrachium rosenbergii: a physical method for removing wild trash fish in the rice and shrimp field in the cultivation period comprises the steps of arranging miniature net cages around a circumferential ditch of a rice field, installing circulating water pushing equipment at two opposite corners of the rice field, enabling water in the rice field to form water flow along the circumferential ditch, and inducing the fish to enter the net cages by utilizing the habit that the fish like a countercurrent upstream; part of the macrobrachium rosenbergii also enters the net cage, and the net cage climbs out of the upper part of the open net cage by utilizing the habit that the macrobrachium rosenbergii likes to climb the edge and enters the rice field again; the wild trash fish entering the miniature net cage is continuously moved out in batches, and the removal rate of the wild trash fish can reach over 90 percent by the physical method;
step eight: reduce bait feeding volume, make full use of the natural bait resource in the paddy field: the shrimp has good palatability, can eat fresh grass root, humus, aquatic plankton to small trash fish, snail, soybean, and also like compound feed for prawn, and within 3 days after fry placing, the small trash fish and minced meat are added as main materials, and in the next 1 month, small trash fish, leftover meat or artificial compound feed is added; when the length of the bait grows to 6-7 cm, rolled spiral shells, freshwater mussels and a proper amount of plant bait can be fed for 1 time in the morning and evening, the feeding amount accounts for 3% -4% of the body weight (compared with the feeding amount of pond culture, the feeding amount is 5% -10%, the feed is obviously saved, the cost is reduced), the specific feeding amount is increased or decreased according to the ingestion condition of the bait, most of the food is ingested in dusk and at night, the feeding amount of the night accounts for more than 70% -80% of the whole day, the feed is thrown in shallow water of a culture tank along four sides, the feeding is uniform, the food fight is prevented, residual feed is removed in time, water quality is avoided, shrimp disease is induced, the water temperature is reduced to below 22 ℃, the feeding is reduced, and the feeding is stopped below 15 ℃;
step nine: and (3) rice field management: the rice field needs to be managed by a specially-assigned person, frequently, the rice field needs to be checked frequently, the pond is patrolled frequently, the quantity of the water plants at the bottom of the pond is supplemented timely, and moss in the pond is removed; frequently checking filter screens of the water inlet and the water outlet, and paying attention to control harmful insects; in thunderstorm weather, special attention needs to be paid to the escape condition of adult shrimps, and dissolved oxygen in a water body is increased, so that the shrimps can not escape in water due to oxygen deficiency; the macrobrachium rosenbergii grows fast, the metabolism is vigorous, the oxygen consumption is large, the water quality of the rice field needs to be kept fresh frequently, water needs to be changed for 15-20 cm depth every week generally, and enough dissolved oxygen exists, meanwhile, the conditions of various activities, ingestion, shelling and the like of the macrobrachium rosenbergii need to be observed, the problem is found out in time and is treated as early as possible, and detailed records need to be fully made;
step ten: disease control: the lobster species has strong disease resistance, generally, diseases cannot occur in the breeding period, mainly control the diseases, wherein the main work of disease control is to disinfect the body surface of the lobster, can adopt saline water with the concentration of about 3 percent to disinfect, control pathogens to be carried into a pond, can irregularly disinfect water by using quicklime, chlorine preparations and the like according to the water quality and time conditions, and can also adjust the water quality by using photosynthetic bacteria liquid to regularly sprinkle the whole pond; if the parasitic disease occurs, 3 mg/kg-5 mg/kg potassium permanganate can be used for soaking for 30 minutes; the intestinal tract disease is mostly caused by ingesting deteriorated bait, so the bait is fresh, mildew bait is not needed, when leguminous plants are selected as the bait, antitrypsin is removed by heating treatment, the absorption of plant protein is facilitated, the main natural enemies of the lobster are frogs, water snakes and mice, so the work of killing and removing the frog eggs in the culture pond is required to be carried out regularly, and meanwhile, the periphery of the pond is checked regularly;
step eleven: and (3) preventing and treating the muscle turbidity disease of the macrobrachium rosenbergii: macrobrachium rosenbergii muscle whitish disease is a new disease, and some parts are also called as white body disease, cauda albus disease and the like; the sick shrimps show white spots or are in a white turbid state on muscles, and can die in a large amount in a short time, particularly the death rate is up to 40-90% under the condition of high-density culture, and the sick shrimps become a main threat of the macrobrachium rosenbergii culture industry; the disease is discovered mainly according to experience and observation in production, and the virulent parent shrimps are the main source of pathogeny according to the epidemic rule of the disease for preventing and treating the muscle whitish disease of the macrobrachium rosenbergii; therefore, the selection of the seed shrimps without viruses and the supplement of strict disinfection measures are effective means for cutting off the virus transmission path;
step twelve: harvesting: the macrobrachium rosenbergii is released and harvested in the current year, the fishing time is determined according to market conditions and climate and water temperature changes, the macrobrachium rosenbergii is generally caught in the middle and late ten days of 9 months, and the fishing is finished in the late ten days of 10 months, wherein the fishing method can be used for catching the macrobrachium rosenbergii in a dry ditch, using a fish seed net to surround the macrobrachium rosenbergii and arranging a net at a water outlet to drain the macrobrachium rosenbergii; when the macrobrachium rosenbergii is put in a breeding pot, the macrobrachium rosenbergii grows in the whole rice field with low density, the ecological niche space of each shrimp is large, the growth speed is high, the survival rate is high, the specification range is 60-90 g, and the average specification reaches 75 g; 216 kg-324 kg of yield per mu is calculated according to the total area of the rice field (2160 kg-3240 kg of yield per mu is calculated according to the actual area of the culture ditch); when the water temperature is lower than 16-18 ℃, the small-sized macrobrachium rosenbergii can be collected and placed in a plastic greenhouse, the temperature is controlled to be 18-20 ℃, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is kept for re-cultivation in the next year.
Preferably, the step eleven is mainly used for preventing and treating the muscle leukoplakia by the following measures:
selecting nontoxic parent shrimps, namely selecting macrobrachium rosenbergii in a breeding area without a disease history as the parent shrimps;
② the parent shrimp culture, improving the physical quality and immunity of parent shrimp can reduce the occurrence of diseases, the adding of compound vitamin can enhance the immunity of shrimp, especially vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. can enhance the immunity of animal;
regularly using a microbial preparation, effectively preventing the shrimp diseases, proposing that the anti-stress capability and the resistance of the shrimps are improved while preventing the shrimp diseases, and generally regularly feeding Vc, immune polysaccharide and the like to enhance the immunity of the shrimps; if the disease has already developed and has a spreading trend, correct diagnosis is needed, and early treatment is needed, wherein a treatment method combining external use and internal use is mainly adopted, external disinfection or splashing of traditional Chinese medicines (such as liquorice, isatis root, radix isatidis and radix rehmanniae preparata powder) is adopted, and the traditional Chinese medicines and the western medicines are taken for control, so that the effect is better;
and fourthly, performing necessary drug prevention in the peak period of the disease attack in spring and autumn every year, sterilizing the water body of the shrimp pond once, and simultaneously taking the medicine bait for 3-5 days, so that unified prevention is performed for convenience of shrimp farmers and standard medication, and bacterial and viral diseases are mainly prevented.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the invention, the A wide-furrow rice field and the B ridge-furrow rice field are combined, the shrimp larvae which are negative after being detected by the TAS-ELISA method of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus are selected, the enemies of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae in the rice field are thoroughly removed, the shrimp larvae are stocked at a low density, the survival rate is improved, the wild trash fish in the rice field during the culture period of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is physically removed, and the muscle whitish disease of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii is scientifically prevented.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for paddy field culture of macrobrachium rosenbergii and physical removal of wild trash fish, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting field blocks: the rice field requires convenient water intake and drainage, sufficient water source, good water quality and no industrial pollution; the ridge and the field surface do not leak, and the water retention performance is better; the soil is preferably clay loam, and the soil fertility is strong; convenient power-on, passage and communication, and convenient in the coming in and going out of the offspring seeds, the feed and the commercial shrimps. The area of the rice field has no strict requirement, generally ranges from 8 mu to 10 mu, is convenient for unified water supply, seed supply, medication and pest control, improves the scale benefit, and preferably selects concentrated connected rice fields on the premise of unified planning to develop the culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, implement professional production and intensively operate;
step two: a block of wide-furrow rice field + B block of furrow rice field are combined and arranged: the structure of the rice field is reconstructed by taking 2 pieces of rice fields as a group, and the A piece of rice field adopts a wide-furrow type for culturing macrobrachium rosenbergii: the shrimp culture ditch is excavated at the position 2-3 meters away from the ridge along the inner side of the ridge of the rice field, the width of the ditch is 4-6 meters, the depth of the ditch is 1.2-1.5 meters, the ditch is annular, and the slope ratio is 1: 2.5, no trench is dug in the field; the shrimp culture ditches account for about 10% of the whole area of the rice field, and the excavated soil is used for heightening and reinforcing ridges and leveling the field surface; the group B of rice fields adopts a ridge and furrow type: excavating shrimp culture ditches 1-2 m wide and 0.8-1 m deep at a position 1-2 m away from ridges around the rice field, excavating field ditches every 5-6 m in the field, wherein the ditches are 1 m wide and 0.6 m deep, and the circular ditches are communicated with the field ditches; some temporary culture ditches with the width of 3-5 meters, the length of 8-10 meters and the depth of 1-1.5 meters can be excavated in one corner of the rice field and are used for culturing shrimp seeds and harvesting adult shrimps, and the area of the shrimp culture ditches accounts for about 10% of the area of the rice field;
step three: preparation work before seedling release: cleaning and disinfecting the ditches, wherein the ditches are cleaned and disinfected 20-25 days before the fries are put in, 60-75 kg of quicklime is sprayed to each mu of shrimp culture ditch according to the actual area of the ditches to kill pests, water can enter the shrimp culture ditch after the toxicity is eliminated, and a water inlet is sealed by a 40-60 mesh net bag to prevent wild trash fish from entering the shrimp culture ditch; applying enough base fertilizer, keeping the water depth of the shrimp ditch after water enters about 60cm, applying 750 kg-1500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and simultaneously putting 75 kg-150 kg of snails into each mu; transplanting the aquatic plants: the shrimp seed breeding surface is transplanted with aquatic plants such as Malaysia malabarica, hydrilla verticillata, and Sophora alopecuroides, and the water grass coverage area is 1/3;
step four: selecting seeds: selecting high-quality healthy desalted seedlings produced in a seedling raising field with self-reproduction or no disease history every 5-6 months, wherein the high-quality healthy desalted seedlings are uniform in size, have the length of more than 0.8cm, strong in physique and strong upstream capability, and are negative shrimp seedlings detected by a TaS-ELISA method of the nodavirus of the macrobrachium rosenbergii;
step five: completely eliminating the harmful insects of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings in the rice field: sieving with 80 mesh sieve for 2 times to obtain a total filtering area of 200m2 or more, ensuring smooth water flow, and preventing larva and ovum of enemy from entering; meanwhile, water sources of the water inlet such as 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the like are solarized in high temperature seasons thoroughly to clear the field, so that the water inlet is free from the enemy of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
step six: the shrimp larvae are released at a low density, and the survival rate is improved: the time is preferably 5-6 months, the rice can be effectively tillered, the first rice field baking is finished, and the seedlings can be thrown after the water temperature is kept above 25 ℃ for a plurality of days; selecting the method to be carried out in the morning or evening of fine day, adding a small amount of field water into the seedling transportation container slowly and slowly before putting the seedlings, adjusting the water temperature until the water temperature in the container is close to the pool water temperature, and putting the shrimp seedlings into the field to prevent the shrimp seedlings from catching a cold and influencing the survival rate and the growth and development; generally, the planned yield is calculated according to the total area of the paddy field and is more than 450kg per mu, 9-11.25 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of 0.8cm or 4.5 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of more than 1.5cm can be placed according to the actual area of the shrimp ditches and per mu (0.9-1.13 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of 0.8cm or 0.45 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of more than 1.5cm are calculated according to the total area of the paddy field); under normal conditions, the survival rate can reach more than 80 percent by more than 1.5 cm;
step seven: physical removal of wild trash fish in the rice field in the growing period of macrobrachium rosenbergii: a physical method for removing wild trash fish in the rice and shrimp field in the cultivation period comprises the steps of arranging miniature net cages around a circumferential ditch of a rice field, installing circulating water pushing equipment at two opposite corners of the rice field, enabling water in the rice field to form water flow along the circumferential ditch, and inducing the fish to enter the net cages by utilizing the habit that the fish like a countercurrent upstream; part of the macrobrachium rosenbergii also enters the net cage, and the net cage climbs out of the upper part of the open net cage by utilizing the habit that the macrobrachium rosenbergii likes to climb the edge and enters the rice field again; the wild trash fish entering the miniature net cage is continuously moved out in batches, and the removal rate of the wild trash fish can reach over 90 percent by the physical method;
step eight: reduce bait feeding volume, make full use of the natural bait resource in the paddy field: the shrimp has good palatability, can eat fresh grass root, humus, aquatic plankton to small trash fish, snail, soybean, and also like compound feed for prawn, and within 3 days after fry placing, the small trash fish and minced meat are added as main materials, and in the next 1 month, small trash fish, leftover meat or artificial compound feed is added; when the length of the bait grows to 6-7 cm, rolled spiral shells, freshwater mussels and a proper amount of plant bait can be fed for 1 time in the morning and evening, the feeding amount accounts for 3% -4% of the body weight (compared with the feeding amount of pond culture, the feeding amount is 5% -10%, the feed is obviously saved, the cost is reduced), the specific feeding amount is increased or decreased according to the ingestion condition of the bait, most of the food is ingested in dusk and at night, the feeding amount of the night accounts for more than 70% -80% of the whole day, the feed is thrown in shallow water of a culture tank along four sides, the feeding is uniform, the food fight is prevented, residual feed is removed in time, water quality is avoided, shrimp disease is induced, the water temperature is reduced to below 22 ℃, the feeding is reduced, and the feeding is stopped below 15 ℃;
step nine: and (3) rice field management: the rice field needs to be managed by a specially-assigned person, frequently, the rice field needs to be checked frequently, the pond is patrolled frequently, the quantity of the water plants at the bottom of the pond is supplemented timely, and moss in the pond is removed; frequently checking filter screens of the water inlet and the water outlet, and paying attention to control harmful insects; in thunderstorm weather, special attention needs to be paid to the escape condition of adult shrimps, and dissolved oxygen in a water body is increased, so that the shrimps can not escape in water due to oxygen deficiency; the macrobrachium rosenbergii grows fast, the metabolism is vigorous, the oxygen consumption is large, the water quality of the rice field needs to be kept fresh frequently, water needs to be changed for 15-20 cm depth every week generally, and enough dissolved oxygen exists, meanwhile, the conditions of various activities, ingestion, shelling and the like of the macrobrachium rosenbergii need to be observed, the problem is found out in time and is treated as early as possible, and detailed records need to be fully made;
step ten: disease control: the lobster species has strong disease resistance, generally, diseases cannot occur in the breeding period, mainly control the diseases, wherein the main work of disease control is to disinfect the body surface of the lobster, can adopt saline water with the concentration of about 3 percent to disinfect, control pathogens to be carried into a pond, can irregularly disinfect water by using quicklime, chlorine preparations and the like according to the water quality and time conditions, and can also adjust the water quality by using photosynthetic bacteria liquid to regularly sprinkle the whole pond; if the parasitic disease occurs, 3 mg/kg-5 mg/kg potassium permanganate can be used for soaking for 30 minutes; the intestinal tract disease is mostly caused by ingesting deteriorated bait, so the bait is fresh, mildew bait is not needed, when leguminous plants are selected as the bait, antitrypsin is removed by heating treatment, the absorption of plant protein is facilitated, the main natural enemies of the lobster are frogs, water snakes and mice, so the work of killing and removing the frog eggs in the culture pond is required to be carried out regularly, and meanwhile, the periphery of the pond is checked regularly;
step eleven: and (3) preventing and treating the muscle turbidity disease of the macrobrachium rosenbergii: macrobrachium rosenbergii muscle whitish disease is a new disease, and some parts are also called as white body disease, cauda albus disease and the like; the sick shrimps show white spots or are in a white turbid state on muscles, and can die in a large amount in a short time, particularly the death rate is up to 40-90% under the condition of high-density culture, and the sick shrimps become a main threat of the macrobrachium rosenbergii culture industry; the disease is discovered mainly according to experience and observation in production, and the virulent parent shrimps are the main source of pathogeny according to the epidemic rule of the disease for preventing and treating the muscle whitish disease of the macrobrachium rosenbergii; therefore, the selection of the seed shrimps without viruses and the supplement of strict disinfection measures are effective means for cutting off the virus transmission path;
step twelve: harvesting: the macrobrachium rosenbergii is released and harvested in the current year, the fishing time is determined according to market conditions and climate and water temperature changes, the macrobrachium rosenbergii is generally caught in the middle and late ten days of 9 months, and the fishing is finished in the late ten days of 10 months, wherein the fishing method can be used for catching the macrobrachium rosenbergii in a dry ditch, using a fish seed net to surround the macrobrachium rosenbergii and arranging a net at a water outlet to drain the macrobrachium rosenbergii; when the macrobrachium rosenbergii is put in a breeding pot, the macrobrachium rosenbergii grows in the whole rice field with low density, the ecological niche space of each shrimp is large, the growth speed is high, the survival rate is high, the specification range is 60-90 g, and the average specification reaches 75 g; 216 kg-324 kg of yield per mu is calculated according to the total area of the rice field (2160 kg-3240 kg of yield per mu is calculated according to the actual area of the culture ditch); when the water temperature is lower than 16-18 ℃, the small-sized macrobrachium rosenbergii can be collected and placed in a plastic greenhouse, the temperature is controlled to be 18-20 ℃, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is kept for re-cultivation in the next year.
Further, in the above technical solution, the measures for preventing and treating the muscle white turbidity disease in the eleventh step mainly include the following measures:
selecting nontoxic parent shrimps, namely selecting macrobrachium rosenbergii in a breeding area without a disease history as the parent shrimps;
② the parent shrimp culture, improving the physical quality and immunity of parent shrimp can reduce the occurrence of diseases, the adding of compound vitamin can enhance the immunity of shrimp, especially vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. can enhance the immunity of animal;
regularly using a microbial preparation, effectively preventing the shrimp diseases, proposing that the anti-stress capability and the resistance of the shrimps are improved while preventing the shrimp diseases, and generally regularly feeding Vc, immune polysaccharide and the like to enhance the immunity of the shrimps; if the disease has already developed and has a spreading trend, correct diagnosis is needed, and early treatment is needed, wherein a treatment method combining external use and internal use is mainly adopted, external disinfection or splashing of traditional Chinese medicines (such as liquorice, isatis root, radix isatidis and radix rehmanniae preparata powder) is adopted, and the traditional Chinese medicines and the western medicines are taken for control, so that the effect is better;
and fourthly, performing necessary drug prevention in the peak period of the disease attack in spring and autumn every year, sterilizing the water body of the shrimp pond once, and simultaneously taking the medicine bait for 3-5 days, so that unified prevention is performed for convenience of shrimp farmers and standard medication, and bacterial and viral diseases are mainly prevented.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for paddy field culture of macrobrachium rosenbergii and physical removal of wild trash fish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting field blocks: the rice field requires convenient water intake and drainage, sufficient water source, good water quality and no industrial pollution; the ridge and the field surface do not leak, and the water retention performance is better; the soil is preferably clay loam, and the soil fertility is strong; convenient power-on, passage and communication, and convenient in the coming in and going out of the offspring seeds, the feed and the commercial shrimps. The area of the rice field has no strict requirement, generally ranges from 8 mu to 10 mu, is convenient for unified water supply, seed supply, medication and pest control, improves the scale benefit, and preferably selects concentrated connected rice fields on the premise of unified planning to develop the culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, implement professional production and intensively operate;
step two: a block of wide-furrow rice field + B block of furrow rice field are combined and arranged: the structure of the rice field is reconstructed by taking 2 pieces of rice fields as a group, and the A piece of rice field adopts a wide-furrow type for culturing macrobrachium rosenbergii: the shrimp culture ditch is excavated at the position 2-3 meters away from the ridge along the inner side of the ridge of the rice field, the width of the ditch is 4-6 meters, the depth of the ditch is 1.2-1.5 meters, the ditch is annular, and the slope ratio is 1: 2.5, no trench is dug in the field; the shrimp culture ditches account for about 10% of the whole area of the rice field, and the excavated soil is used for heightening and reinforcing ridges and leveling the field surface; the group B of rice fields adopts a ridge and furrow type: excavating shrimp culture ditches 1-2 m wide and 0.8-1 m deep at a position 1-2 m away from ridges around the rice field, excavating field ditches every 5-6 m in the field, wherein the ditches are 1 m wide and 0.6 m deep, and the circular ditches are communicated with the field ditches; some temporary culture ditches with the width of 3-5 meters, the length of 8-10 meters and the depth of 1-1.5 meters can be excavated in one corner of the rice field and are used for culturing shrimp seeds and harvesting adult shrimps, and the area of the shrimp culture ditches accounts for about 10% of the area of the rice field;
step three: preparation work before seedling release: cleaning and disinfecting the ditches, wherein the ditches are cleaned and disinfected 20-25 days before the fries are put in, 60-75 kg of quicklime is sprayed to each mu of shrimp culture ditch according to the actual area of the ditches to kill pests, water can enter the shrimp culture ditch after the toxicity is eliminated, and a water inlet is sealed by a 40-60 mesh net bag to prevent wild trash fish from entering the shrimp culture ditch; applying enough base fertilizer, keeping the water depth of the shrimp ditch after water enters about 60cm, applying 750 kg-1500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and simultaneously putting 75 kg-150 kg of snails into each mu; transplanting the aquatic plants: the shrimp seed breeding surface is transplanted with aquatic plants such as Malaysia malabarica, hydrilla verticillata, and Sophora alopecuroides, and the water grass coverage area is 1/3;
step four: selecting seeds: selecting high-quality healthy desalted seedlings produced in a seedling raising field with self-reproduction or no disease history every 5-6 months, wherein the high-quality healthy desalted seedlings are uniform in size, have the length of more than 0.8cm, strong in physique and strong upstream capability, and are negative shrimp seedlings detected by a TaS-ELISA method of the nodavirus of the macrobrachium rosenbergii;
step five: completely eliminating the harmful insects of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings in the rice field: sieving with 80 mesh sieve for 2 times to obtain a total filtering area of 200m2 or more, ensuring smooth water flow, and preventing larva and ovum of enemy from entering; meanwhile, water sources of the water inlet such as 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the like are solarized in high temperature seasons thoroughly to clear the field, so that the water inlet is free from the enemy of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
step six: the shrimp larvae are released at a low density, and the survival rate is improved: the time is preferably 5-6 months, the rice can be effectively tillered, the first rice field baking is finished, and the seedlings can be thrown after the water temperature is kept above 25 ℃ for a plurality of days; selecting the method to be carried out in the morning or evening of fine day, adding a small amount of field water into the seedling transportation container slowly and slowly before putting the seedlings, adjusting the water temperature until the water temperature in the container is close to the pool water temperature, and putting the shrimp seedlings into the field to prevent the shrimp seedlings from catching a cold and influencing the survival rate and the growth and development; generally, the planned yield is calculated according to the total area of the paddy field and is more than 450kg per mu, 9-11.25 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of 0.8cm or 4.5 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of more than 1.5cm can be placed according to the actual area of the shrimp ditches and per mu (0.9-1.13 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of 0.8cm or 0.45 ten thousand shrimp seedlings with the density of more than 1.5cm are calculated according to the total area of the paddy field); under normal conditions, the survival rate can reach more than 80 percent by more than 1.5 cm;
step seven: physical removal of wild trash fish in the rice field in the growing period of macrobrachium rosenbergii: a physical method for removing wild trash fish in the rice and shrimp field in the cultivation period comprises the steps of arranging miniature net cages around a circumferential ditch of a rice field, installing circulating water pushing equipment at two opposite corners of the rice field, enabling water in the rice field to form water flow along the circumferential ditch, and inducing the fish to enter the net cages by utilizing the habit that the fish like a countercurrent upstream; part of the macrobrachium rosenbergii also enters the net cage, and the net cage climbs out of the upper part of the open net cage by utilizing the habit that the macrobrachium rosenbergii likes to climb the edge and enters the rice field again; the wild trash fish entering the miniature net cage is continuously moved out in batches, and the removal rate of the wild trash fish can reach over 90 percent by the physical method;
step eight: reduce bait feeding volume, make full use of the natural bait resource in the paddy field: the shrimp has good palatability, can eat fresh grass root, humus, aquatic plankton to small trash fish, snail, soybean, and also like compound feed for prawn, and within 3 days after fry placing, the small trash fish and minced meat are added as main materials, and in the next 1 month, small trash fish, leftover meat or artificial compound feed is added; when the length of the bait grows to 6-7 cm, rolled spiral shells, freshwater mussels and a proper amount of plant bait can be fed for 1 time in the morning and evening, the feeding amount accounts for 3% -4% of the body weight (compared with the feeding amount of pond culture, the feeding amount is 5% -10%, the feed is obviously saved, the cost is reduced), the specific feeding amount is increased or decreased according to the ingestion condition of the bait, most of the food is ingested in dusk and at night, the feeding amount of the night accounts for more than 70% -80% of the whole day, the feed is thrown in shallow water of a culture tank along four sides, the feeding is uniform, the food fight is prevented, residual feed is removed in time, water quality is avoided, shrimp disease is induced, the water temperature is reduced to below 22 ℃, the feeding is reduced, and the feeding is stopped below 15 ℃;
step nine: and (3) rice field management: the rice field needs to be managed by a specially-assigned person, frequently, the rice field needs to be checked frequently, the pond is patrolled frequently, the quantity of the water plants at the bottom of the pond is supplemented timely, and moss in the pond is removed; frequently checking filter screens of the water inlet and the water outlet, and paying attention to control harmful insects; in thunderstorm weather, special attention needs to be paid to the escape condition of adult shrimps, and dissolved oxygen in a water body is increased, so that the shrimps can not escape in water due to oxygen deficiency; the macrobrachium rosenbergii grows fast, the metabolism is vigorous, the oxygen consumption is large, the water quality of the rice field needs to be kept fresh frequently, water needs to be changed for 15-20 cm depth every week generally, and enough dissolved oxygen exists, meanwhile, the conditions of various activities, ingestion, shelling and the like of the macrobrachium rosenbergii need to be observed, the problem is found out in time and is treated as early as possible, and detailed records need to be fully made;
step ten: disease control: the lobster species has strong disease resistance, generally, diseases cannot occur in the breeding period, mainly control the diseases, wherein the main work of disease control is to disinfect the body surface of the lobster, can adopt saline water with the concentration of about 3 percent to disinfect, control pathogens to be carried into a pond, can irregularly disinfect water by using quicklime, chlorine preparations and the like according to the water quality and time conditions, and can also adjust the water quality by using photosynthetic bacteria liquid to regularly sprinkle the whole pond; if the parasitic disease occurs, 3 mg/kg-5 mg/kg potassium permanganate can be used for soaking for 30 minutes; the intestinal tract disease is mostly caused by ingesting deteriorated bait, so the bait is fresh, mildew bait is not needed, when leguminous plants are selected as the bait, antitrypsin is removed by heating treatment, the absorption of plant protein is facilitated, the main natural enemies of the lobster are frogs, water snakes and mice, so the work of killing and removing the frog eggs in the culture pond is required to be carried out regularly, and meanwhile, the periphery of the pond is checked regularly;
step eleven: and (3) preventing and treating the muscle turbidity disease of the macrobrachium rosenbergii: macrobrachium rosenbergii muscle whitish disease is a new disease, and some parts are also called as white body disease, cauda albus disease and the like; the sick shrimps show white spots or are in a white turbid state on muscles, and can die in a large amount in a short time, particularly the death rate is up to 40-90% under the condition of high-density culture, and the sick shrimps become a main threat of the macrobrachium rosenbergii culture industry; the disease is discovered mainly according to experience and observation in production, and the virulent parent shrimps are the main source of pathogeny according to the epidemic rule of the disease for preventing and treating the muscle whitish disease of the macrobrachium rosenbergii; therefore, the selection of the seed shrimps without viruses and the supplement of strict disinfection measures are effective means for cutting off the virus transmission path;
step twelve: harvesting: the macrobrachium rosenbergii is released and harvested in the current year, the fishing time is determined according to market conditions and climate and water temperature changes, the macrobrachium rosenbergii is generally caught in the middle and late ten days of 9 months, and the fishing is finished in the late ten days of 10 months, wherein the fishing method can be used for catching the macrobrachium rosenbergii in a dry ditch, using a fish seed net to surround the macrobrachium rosenbergii and arranging a net at a water outlet to drain the macrobrachium rosenbergii; when the macrobrachium rosenbergii is put in a breeding pot, the macrobrachium rosenbergii grows in the whole rice field with low density, the ecological niche space of each shrimp is large, the growth speed is high, the survival rate is high, the specification range is 60-90 g, and the average specification reaches 75 g; 216 kg-324 kg of yield per mu is calculated according to the total area of the rice field (2160 kg-3240 kg of yield per mu is calculated according to the actual area of the culture ditch); when the water temperature is lower than 16-18 ℃, the small-sized macrobrachium rosenbergii can be collected and placed in a plastic greenhouse, the temperature is controlled to be 18-20 ℃, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is kept for re-cultivation in the next year.
2. The method for paddy field cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii and physical removal of wild trash fish according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the eleventh step mainly comprises the following measures for preventing and treating the muscle white turbidity disease:
selecting nontoxic parent shrimps, namely selecting macrobrachium rosenbergii in a breeding area without a disease history as the parent shrimps;
② the parent shrimp culture, improving the physical quality and immunity of parent shrimp can reduce the occurrence of diseases, the adding of compound vitamin can enhance the immunity of shrimp, especially vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. can enhance the immunity of animal;
regularly using a microbial preparation, effectively preventing the shrimp diseases, proposing that the anti-stress capability and the resistance of the shrimps are improved while preventing the shrimp diseases, and generally regularly feeding Vc, immune polysaccharide and the like to enhance the immunity of the shrimps; if the disease has already developed and has a spreading trend, correct diagnosis is needed, and early treatment is needed, wherein a treatment method combining external use and internal use is mainly adopted, external disinfection or splashing of traditional Chinese medicines (such as liquorice, isatis root, radix isatidis and radix rehmanniae preparata powder) is adopted, and the traditional Chinese medicines and the western medicines are taken for control, so that the effect is better;
and fourthly, performing necessary drug prevention in spring and autumn at the peak of disease onset every year, and performing necessary drug prevention by sterilizing the water body of the shrimp pond once and simultaneously taking the drug bait orally for 3-5 days, thereby facilitating shrimp farmers and standardizing the drug use, performing unified prevention and mainly preventing bacterial and viral diseases.
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| CN114431178A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-06 | 海南稻虾生态科技股份有限公司 | Method for co-breeding rice and shrimps in tropical high-temperature region |
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