CN113615614A - A kind of efficient symbiotic cultivation method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy field - Google Patents
A kind of efficient symbiotic cultivation method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy field Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种稻田罗氏沼虾高效共生种养方法，涉及稻田综合种养技术领域。将在环沟大棚中饲养至一定时期的罗氏沼虾外放于环沟中养殖一定时间，然后进行水稻与罗氏沼虾的种养对接，不仅有效提高了稻田的总和生产能力，实现稻田亩产罗氏沼虾200斤以上，而且帮助促使农业生产结构调整，极大带动了农民的积极性，避免出现稻田抛荒撂荒现象，实现了一田两用、一水双收、粮渔稳赢的目的。The invention discloses an efficient symbiotic planting and breeding method of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy fields, and relates to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding in paddy fields. The Macrobrachium rosenbergii that has been raised in the ring-ditch greenhouse for a certain period of time is placed in the ring-ditch for a certain period of time, and then the rice and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are planted and raised, which not only effectively improves the total production capacity of the paddy field, but also realizes the per-mu yield of the paddy field. Macrobrachium rosenbergii weighs more than 200 kilograms, and it helps to promote the adjustment of agricultural production structure, which greatly stimulates the enthusiasm of farmers, avoids the phenomenon of paddy fields being abandoned, and realizes the purpose of dual use of one field, double harvest of one water, and stable win of grain and fishery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive breeding and breeding of rice fields, in particular to a high-efficiency symbiotic breeding and breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii in a rice field.
Background
The comprehensive planting and breeding mode for rice and fishery is a green and healthy planting and breeding mode which organically combines planting and breeding by utilizing the biodiversity of an agricultural ecological system, and is a high-efficiency planting and breeding mode which utilizes the reciprocity among species and the complementary utilization of resources among the species and improves the productivity of a rice field. Since 2007, a comprehensive rice field breeding and new-growing mode which is dominated by special economic aquatic animal species is continuously emerging, and the advantages of economy, society, ecology and the like are taken as the high importance of governments in various regions and the positive response of breeding farmers.
For simply planted rice, because the cost expenses of pesticide, chemical fertilizer, machinery, labor and the like are high, and the price of a rice product is low, the yield per mu of the simply planted rice is low, the income of farmers is not increased, and the problem of grain safety guarantee is not facilitated; but also causes environmental pollution. For the traditional pond culture mode of culturing shrimps in a pure pond, the problems of high-density culture, large feeding amount of baits, deterioration of pond water quality, frequent diseases, pollution to the surrounding environment and the like exist. On one hand, the shrimp growth is threatened, so that the breeding risk is increased; on the other hand, with the enhancement of environmental awareness of people and the continuous enhancement of ecological environment protection of the country, the simple pond culture conditions are more and more limited to a certain extent. Therefore, the method organically combines the freshwater shrimp culture and the rice planting, and is a new environment-friendly rice field comprehensive culture and culture mode which can be brought forward under the new trend of agricultural water environment treatment and fishery transformation water control promotion. Because it is not only beneficial to environmental protection, but also can increase economic benefits. However, due to the restrictions of technical maturity, geographical and climatic conditions, agricultural and mechanical and agricultural technology level and the like, the unit benefits of comprehensive rice and shrimp planting and breeding in various regions and the difference of rice yield are large, even the phenomenon of heavy fishing and light rice exists, and the requirements of field conservation and grain stability are not met. Therefore, key parameters of a comprehensive rice and shrimp planting and breeding mode need to be optimized and improved, main factors of the mode influencing economic and ecological benefits are mastered, and the purposes of one field, double harvest, one water, grain stabilization and efficiency improvement are achieved on the premise of not influencing the yield of a rice field.
The macrobrachium rosenbergii has the characteristics of wide feeding range, less diseases, quick growth, high price, low oxygen resistance, tender meat quality and delicious taste, and has high market acceptance, but the demonstration research on the comprehensive breeding of the rice-macrobrachium rosenbergii is only reported at home and abroad at present, the research is concentrated on the circular-groove breeding, the yield benefit is low, the enthusiasm of grain farmers cannot be driven, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is not beneficial to large-area popularization and application.
Based on the current situation, the method for efficiently symbiotic breeding of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the rice field is provided to simultaneously ensure the yield benefits of the rice and the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently symbiotic cultivation of macrobrachium rosenbergii in a rice field, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, thereby effectively improving the total production capacity of the rice field and enabling the yield of the macrobrachium rosenbergii per mu in the rice field to be more than 200 jin.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a symbiotic breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii in a rice field, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a rice field: selecting a pollution-free rice field with the area of 5-8 mu;
further, the paddy field is 5-6 mu;
preparing a rice field: after harvesting the rice, digging a circular ditch around the rice field, and surrounding the rice field for a circle by a nylon net at a position 2-3 meters away from the inner side edge of the circular ditch in the rice field; arranging a water inlet and outlet of the rice field, and arranging a net at the water inlet and outlet;
building a circular trench greenhouse: arranging a greenhouse in the annular ditch, covering the top of the greenhouse, and isolating the water body in the greenhouse from the rest of the water body in the annular ditch by using an isolator;
rice field and circular ditch disinfection: before planting grass, introducing water into the rice field and the circular ditches, and disinfecting the rice field and the circular ditches;
planting grass in the circular ditches: planting water plants in the ring ditches at the bottom of 3 months;
and (3) roughly releasing the giant freshwater prawn seedlings in the greenhouse: adjusting the water level in the greenhouse to be 60-70 cm 5-7 days before the shrimp seeds are put into the greenhouse for breeding, and fertilizing water; after the temperature of the water body of the circular ditch in the greenhouse reaches 15 ℃, putting macrobrachium rosenbergii water flower seedlings into the greenhouse according to the density of 3000 plus 4000 tails per square meter (converted into the rice field release density of 8000 plus 12000 tails per mu);
the fertilizer used for the fertilizer water is amino acid and organic fertilizer;
performing greenhouse rough breeding management on macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: after putting the shrimp seedlings in the greenhouse, replacing the water body every 1-2 days, and feeding the prawn opening feed after putting for 3 days; the starter feed is conventional bait, the daily bait amount accounts for about 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps, the shrimps are fed twice in the morning and at night, the morning feeding amount accounts for 30% of the daily feeding amount, and the evening feeding amount accounts for 70% of the daily feeding amount; feeding the palatable feed by a conventional method after feeding the palatable feed for 7-10 days by using the open feed.
Putting the marked coarse macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings in the shed: after 1 month of internal standard coarse cultivation of the greenhouse, removing the greenhouse separator, communicating the water body of the circular ditch with which the greenhouse is built with the rest water bodies of the circular ditch, putting the standard coarse seedlings of the macrobrachium rosenbergii outside the circular ditch, feeding and managing the same as the standard coarse cultivation management of the greenhouse, and cultivating the circular ditch for one month;
planting rice: applying base fertilizer in the rice field 7-10 days before planting the rice, and directly seeding in late 4 months or transplanting in middle 5 months;
culturing and docking rice macrobrachium rosenbergii: after the cultivation in the circular ditch is carried out for 1 month, the water level of the rice field is adjusted to be 20 centimeters, the nylon net on the inner side of the circular ditch is taken out, then the water level is increased along with the growth of the rice (the standard of the increased water level is that the water depth occupies about 2/3 of the ground height of the rice), the water level of the rice field is kept for 40-50 centimeters at the initial stage of rice jointing, and the cultivation butt joint of the rice macrobrachium rosenbergii is realized;
and (3) paddy field breeding management of macrobrachium rosenbergii: changing water 1 time per week (changing water 1 time every 3-5 days in high temperature season), applying quicklime 1 time every half month, keeping ammonia nitrogen of aquaculture water body less than 1.0mg/L, nitrite state less than 0.2mg/L, pH between 8.0-9.0, and dissolved oxygen between 5-9 mg/L;
capturing Macrobrachium rosenbergii: capturing macrobrachium rosenbergii in late 7 or early 8 months, and maintaining the water level of the rice field at 20 centimeters during the capturing period;
due to the low stocking density, the macrobrachium rosenbergii can generally reach the market standard of more than 40/jin in the last 7 months of cultivation, and at the moment, the rice is in the tillering stage. In the last ten days of 8 months, the macrobrachium can reach 20-30 tails per kilogram generally, when the rice is in the jointing-pulling and booting stage, the water level starts to be slowly reduced after the feed is fed in the morning, the water drainage speed cannot be too fast, the water drainage time is generally 10-12 hours, the water level of the rice field is kept about 20 centimeters, sufficient bait is fed around the circular ditch in the evening, the macrobrachium can gradually creep into the circular ditch with dissolved oxygen and proper temperature to eat the bait, a customized trawl is used for capturing the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the circular ditch 3-4 am in the evening, the strategy is adopted for capturing the macrobrachium rosenbergii in batches every day, after the macrobrachium rosenbergii is generally captured and sold for 5-6 times, the capture of more than 80% of the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be realized, the water in the rice field can be drained, the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be captured cleanly in the circular ditch, and the yield of the rice field can be more than 200 kilograms.
Drying the rice in the sun: after the giant freshwater prawns are captured, when the rice in the rice field is in the jointing and booting stage, performing field drying treatment (field drying is performed in sunny days for 5-7 days), and after the field drying is finished, adjusting the water level of the rice field to 30 centimeters;
harvesting rice: harvesting the rice in the late 9 th month late rice maturity period.
Further, the depth of the circular ditch is 80-100cm, and the area of the circular ditch is 10% of the area of the rice field.
The water inlet and outlet of the rice field are arranged diagonally; the water inlet is also provided with a 60-80 mesh filtering silk net;
1 water pushing aerator of 1.5 kilowatt is arranged on each side edge in the annular trench;
furthermore, the area of the annular ditch for building the greenhouse accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the total area of the annular ditch.
Setting 1 bottom aeration plate every 5 m in the greenhouse, wherein the distance between a bottom aeration facility and the bottom of the pool is 15-20 cm, and the dissolved oxygen is kept within the range of 5-8mg/L during the cultivation of standard seedlings and the paddy field of the circular-ditch cultivation machine;
further, quicklime is adopted for disinfection, and the consumption of the quicklime is 100 kilograms per mu.
Furthermore, the aquatic weeds are planted in a dotted distribution mode, and the planting area is 20% of the area of the circular ditch.
Furthermore, the aquatic weeds comprise high-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds and low-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds, and the planting ratio of the high-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds to the low-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds is 1: 1.
Further, the low-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds comprise the water weeds of the malayan eyeweed and the waterweed, and the high-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds comprise the water weeds, the hydrilla verticillata and the water peanuts.
Further, the seeding amount of the direct seeding is 0.5-1 kg/mu; the row spacing and the planting spacing of the rice transplanting are both 25 centimeters.
Further, the water change amount is 1/4 each time; the concentration of the quicklime is 10-15 mg/kg.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the method takes the macrobrachium rosenbergii as a symbiotic breeding object of the rice field, not only effectively improves the total production capacity of the rice field and realizes the yield of the macrobrachium rosenbergii by more than 200 jin per mu of the rice field, but also helps to promote the adjustment of an agricultural production structure, greatly drives the enthusiasm of farmers, avoids the phenomenon of abandoned and abandoned rice fields in the rice field, and realizes the purposes of dual purposes in one field, double harvest in one water and stable win of grain and fish.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
A high-efficiency symbiotic breeding method for macrobrachium rosenbergii in a rice field comprises the following steps:
1. selection of rice field
In the region of Deqing Huzhou, a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient water source, no pollution to water quality, square shape and no leakage on ridges is selected, and the area is 6 mu.
2. Preparation of rice field
After rice is harvested, a circular ditch with the bottom being 1.5 meters wide and the bottom being 90 centimeters deep is excavated around the rice field, because the water level in the circular ditch is deep, and the macrobrachium is also a bottom-camping habitat organism and is easy to lack oxygen, 2 water pushing and oxygen increasing machines with 1.5 kilowatts are installed in the circular ditch to prevent the water body lack of oxygen in the humid and hot water with variable weather, and ditching soil is used for heightening and widening outer ridges, and the total ditching area is about 10 percent of the rice field area. And a nylon net with 20 meshes is used for surrounding the rice field for one circle at a position 2.2 meters away from the inner side edge of the circular ditch in the rice field, so that the situation that the macrobrachium larvae climb to the rice field with shallow water level and cannot return to the ditch to cause oxygen deficiency to die when temporarily breeding in the circular ditch is prevented. The water inlet and outlet of the shrimp-culturing paddy field are arranged in the corresponding angle and are prevented from escaping by a dense mesh net, wherein two layers of 60-80-mesh filtering silk nets are arranged at the water inlet to prevent harmful organisms such as wild trash fish or fish eggs from entering.
3. Ring ditch greenhouse building
The simple greenhouse frame is built by using steel bars in the annular ditch, plastic films are used for covering the outside of the annular ditch, reinforcement measures are made, thickened nylon woven bags filled with sandy soil are placed on the two sides of the greenhouse to be stacked, so that water bodies in the annular ditch of the greenhouse are kept isolated from other water bodies in the annular ditch, calculation is carried out according to stocking density, and the annular ditch of the greenhouse occupies 1/2 of the area of the whole ditch approximately, and is used for performing standard rough breeding on macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings. 1 bottom oxygen aeration discs are arranged in the greenhouse every 5 meters, and the distance between the bottom oxygen aeration facilities and the bottom of the tank is 20 centimeters. (the dissolved oxygen content is 5-8mg/L in the period of marking the seedlings in the circular ditches, the period of temporary culture in the circular ditches and the period of culture in the rice fields).
4. Disinfecting rice field
Before planting grass, putting a proper amount of river water into the rice field and the circular ditches, keeping the soil moist, keeping the water depth about 4cm, dissolving 100 kilograms of quicklime in each mu of the rice field by adding water, and then uniformly sprinkling the quicklime on the whole rice field and the circular ditches while the quicklime is hot so as to kill harmful organisms such as finless eels and centipedes in the rice field and harmful pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and parasites, and simultaneously supplementing calcium ions in the rice field and provide calcium for the growth and shelling of the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
5. Planting grass in the circular ditch
A certain amount of water plants are planted in a circular ditch at the bottom of 3 months every year, the water level is gradually increased along with the growth of the water plants, wherein the low-temperature-resistant water plants, namely the Malaysia asiatica and the high-temperature-resistant water plants, namely the black algae, are planted in a mixed and matched mode, the planting ratio is 1:1, the water plants are distributed in a dotted mode, the planting area is about 20% of the area of the circular ditch, and therefore a paddling area and a place for avoiding when unshelling is carried out during growth can be provided for the Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a low-temperature season and a high-temperature season, meanwhile, partial nutrient substances in water can be absorbed, water body over-fertilization is prevented, and partial plant baits are provided.
6. Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedling greenhouse marked extensive seedling
And feeding water 6 days before the shrimp seeds are put into the shed, keeping the water level at 60 centimeters, and fertilizing water by adopting amino acid and organic fertilizer to culture sufficient biological bait. The water temperature of the circular ditch in the greenhouse is 15 ℃ or above, the morning 9 points in the clear weather are selected in 4 th month in general Shanghai region, healthy and high-activity macrobrachium rosenbergii water flower seedlings are put in the greenhouse when the water temperature is 15 ℃ or above, the rice field density is 10000 tails/mu, and the rice field density is 3500 tails/square meter when converted into the greenhouse.
7. Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedling greenhouse standard rough breeding management
And after the shrimp seedlings are put into the shed, replacing the water body every 1-2 days, wherein the water body is replaced by 1/3 every time. Feeding the prawn starter feed 3 days later, wherein the feed amount in the morning is 5:30 and the feed amount in the evening is 6:30, the daily feed amount accounts for about 3-5% of the weight of the prawn, the feed amount in the morning accounts for about 30% of the daily feed amount due to the habit of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the daytime and the nighttime, the feed amount in the evening accounts for about 70% of the daily feed amount, the feed amount in the morning is slightly far away from the bank, and the feed amount in the evening is close to the bank. The feeding is preferably finished by 1-2 hours of the shrimp larvae, the specific feeding amount is determined according to the water temperature, weather and water quality, and the particle size of the feed is timely adjusted according to the growth condition of the macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. Feeding the palatable feed by a conventional method after feeding the palatable feed for 7-10 days by using the open feed.
8. Placing the coarse seedling of macrobrachium rosenbergii in the shed
After the internal standard of the greenhouse is coarse for nearly 1 month, namely in the middle ten days of May, when the water seedlings of the macrobrachium rosenbergii grow to 2-3 cm, the survival rate of the coarse standard is more than 70 percent due to intensive culture in the greenhouse, at the moment, the specification is large, the external water temperature is high, the external resistance is strong, and the mortality rate is low and is generally less than 10 percent. At the moment, the waterproof bag in the greenhouse is taken out and is communicated with the outside water body of the circular ditch, so that the macrobrachium rosenbergii can climb out automatically. The feeding management is basically in the same shed, a multi-point uniform, timed and quantitative feeding strategy is adopted at the shoreside and shallow water, the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be put outside the rice field after being cultured for about 1 month in the circular ditch, and the specification of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is about 5-7 centimeters at the moment.
9. Rice planting
And (3) applying enough base fertilizer at one time 8 days before sowing, wherein the base fertilizer is completely decomposed organic fertilizer (chicken and duck manure, pig manure, sheep manure and the like) and is uniformly sprayed on the field surface and ploughed and raked uniformly by a machine according to 360 kilograms per mu. The method is characterized in that a rice variety Yongyou No. 9 with lodging resistance, disease resistance, high straw content and long growth period is selected, seedlings with the plant length of more than 20 centimeters are adopted for transplanting in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, and the transplanting row spacing and the plant spacing are 25 centimeters, so that good environmental conditions are provided for the growth and the activity of the macrobrachium.
10. Rice macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding key stubble effective butt joint
After the cultivation in the circular ditch is carried out for about 1 month, namely in the middle ten days of 6 months, the water level of the rice plants is slowly increased above 40 centimeters, VC is sprayed simultaneously, the using amount is 100 g/mu, the stress of the macrobrachium is prevented, the water level of the rice field is finally kept at about 20 centimeters, then a nylon dense net at the inner side of the circular ditch is taken out, the macrobrachium can automatically swim to the rice field, the water level of the rice field is continuously increased along with the continuous growth of the rice, the water level of the rice field is kept at about 40-50 centimeters, and the effective butt joint of key stubble openings for the cultivation of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the rice is realized.
11. Macrobrachium rosenbergii paddy field breeding management
The macrobrachium rosenbergii has high water quality requirement, so the water environment is required to be adjusted, the water quality is kept fresh, the water is changed for 1 time every week, the water changing amount is about 1/4 every time, the water level is kept relatively stable during water changing, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be drained while being irrigated. Applying quicklime for 1 time every half month with concentration of 10-15 mg/kg, keeping ammonia nitrogen of culture water body less than 1.0mg/L, nitrite state less than 0.2mg/L, pH between 8.0-9.0, and dissolved oxygen of 5-8mg/L in the whole culture period.
12. Capturing and selling Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Due to the low stocking density, the macrobrachium rosenbergii can generally reach the market standard of more than 40/jin in the last 7 months of cultivation, and at the moment, the rice is in the tillering stage. In the last ten days of 8 months, the macrobrachium nipponensis can reach 20-30 tails per kilogram generally, when the rice is in the jointing-pulling and booting stage, the water level starts to be reduced slowly after the feed is fed in the morning, the drainage speed cannot be too high, the water level of the rice field is kept about 20 centimeters, sufficient feed is fed around the circular ditch in the evening, the macrobrachium nipponensis gradually crawls into the circular ditch with dissolved oxygen and proper temperature for feeding, the capture of the macrobrachium nipponensis in the circular ditch is started by using a customized trawl 3-4 o' clock in the morning at night, the strategy is adopted for batch capture of the macrobrachium nipponensis every day, generally after the capture and sale of 5-6 times, the capture of more than 80% of the macrobrachium nipponensis can be realized, the water in the rice field can be drained, the capture of the macrobrachium nipponensis in the circular ditch is clean, and the production of the macrobrachium nipponensis 210 kilogram in the rice field can be realized
13. Drying paddy field
After the giant freshwater prawns are fished, namely in the middle ten days of 8 months, the rice in the rice field is in the periods of jointing and booting, the soil structure of the rice field is improved through sunning the field, the root system of the rice seedling is promoted to be downwards pricked, the activity of the root system of the rice is enhanced, the toughness and the lodging resistance of the rice straw are improved, ineffective tillering is controlled, the heading rate is improved, the field microclimate is improved, the occurrence of rice diseases and insect pests is reduced, the field sunning is started to promote the booting period, water is properly added according to the growth characteristics of the rice after the field is sunned, and the water level of the rice field is about 30 centimeters.
14. Rice harvesting
And in the late 9 th day, in the mature period of the rice, draining the water level of the rice field, and harvesting the rice after the surface soil of the rice field is dry and solid.
When the macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultured in the rice field, the use of herbicide is strictly forbidden, the weed damage is prevented and controlled by adjusting the water level, and when the weeds are excessive, artificial weeding is arranged. The macrobrachium rosenbergii is very sensitive to various pesticides, chemical pesticides are forbidden, and a method combining physical disinsection and biological control is adopted to control insect pests. Adult moths, rice planthoppers and the like adopt a physical control method of trapping and killing by adopting a vibration frequency type insect killing lamp. The method for controlling the water level of the rice field is adopted in the emergence period of pests such as rice thrips, borers, rice leaf rollers and the like. When the insect pest is serious, the biological pesticide can be used for controlling the insect pest, the pesticide application time is selected in the morning or evening of sunny days, the pesticide application is not suitable in rainy days, generally, anti-stress products such as VC and the like are sprayed before the pesticide application, and the detoxification and water regulation products are applied after the pesticide application is performed and accumulated water is accumulated.
Example 2 comparative experiment of culture area
On the basis of example 1, comparative tests of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 acres were carried out, and the parameters were the same as in example 1 except that the culture areas were different. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Area of rice field | Area of annular groove | Index (I) | Symbiotic cultivation in rice field |
| 5 mu m | 0.5 mu | Rice yield (kilogram/mu) | 421 |
| 0.5 mu | Macrobrachium yield (kilogram/mu) | 104 | |
| 6 mu m | 0.6 mu | Rice yield (kilogram/mu) | 426 |
| 0.6 mu | Macrobrachium yield (kilogram/mu) | 105 | |
| 7 mu m | 0.7 mu | Rice yield (kilogram/mu) | 432 |
| 0.7 mu | Macrobrachium yield (kilogram/mu) | 94 | |
| 8 mu m | 0.8 mu | Rice yield (kilogram/mu) | 421 |
| 0.8 mu | Macrobrachium yield (kilogram/mu) | 87 | |
| 9 mu | 0.9 mu | Rice yield (kilogram/mu) | 415 |
| 0.9 mu | Macrobrachium yield (kilogram/mu) | 72 | |
| 10 mu m | 1 mu m | Rice yield (kilogram/mu) | 411 |
| 1 mu m | Macrobrachium yield (kilogram/mu) | 63 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the symbiotic mode of the macrobrachium nipponensis is preferably 5-6 mu, and the maximum value is not more thanOtherwise, due to overlarge area, the crawling capacity of the macrobrachium nipponensis is limited, and the macrobrachium nipponensis cannot crawl back into the ditch in time or cannot eat to the side of the ditch, so that the death phenomenon occurs. In addition, after the macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultivated in the ditches of the rice field, although the area of a single rice field is reduced, the yield per unit area of the rice field is not reduced, and the purpose that the rice yield is not low by 400kg/667m in national comprehensive rice and fish culture is achieved2The demand of (2) even single rice yield (408kg/667 m) compared to the prior art2) The addition of the fertilizer is mainly because the excrement of the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be used as the fertilizer for the growth of the rice, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii belongs to benthic reptiles and moves on the field surface, thereby being beneficial to the ventilation of the soil and improving the microenvironment of a water-soil interface.
Example 3 yield of the circular furrow cultivation mode
A circular ditch cultivation mode: the method is different from the rice field symbiotic cultivation mode of the embodiment 1 in that the step of externally putting the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the rice field is not carried out, and the standard coarse seedling of the macrobrachium rosenbergii bred in the circular ditch is 20000 tails/mu; culturing and capturing the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the ring ditch.
The statistical results of the yield of the annular ditch cultivation mode under different acreage numbers are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 4
Selecting 5 rice fields, carrying out a screening optimization test of symbiotic densities of rice and shrimps with different densities, wherein the densities of standard coarse seedlings bred in the 5 rice fields are 6000 tails/mu, 8000 tails/mu, 10000 tails/mu, 12000 tails/mu and 14000 tails/mu respectively, the rest parameters are the same as those of the example 1, and the statistical results are shown in a table 3.
As can be seen from Table 3, as the stocking density increases, the influence of the rice yield is basically not influenced, but the influence of the macrobrachium yield of the unit rice field is large, the macrobrachium yield of the unit rice field is remarkably increased from 6000 to 12000, and when the macrobrachium yield is 10000 per mu, the net profit of the macrobrachium unit is the largest, and the unit per mu reaches 2060 yuan. And when the stocking density reaches 14000 tails per mu, the unit yield reaches 116 kilograms, and the net profit of the macrobrachium nipponensis in the unit area is 1372 yuan.
The result shows that in the symbiotic breeding mode of the rice and the shrimps, the breeding density of the standard coarse seedlings of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in the rice field is 8000-12000 tails/mu, wherein the 10000 tails/mu has the best effect. The macrobrachium rosenbergii paddy field cultivation not only effectively improves the total production capacity of the paddy field, but also helps to promote the adjustment of the agricultural production structure, greatly drives the enthusiasm of farmers, avoids the phenomenon of abandoned paddy field and realizes the purposes of dual purposes in one field, double harvest in one water and stable grain and fishing.
TABLE 3
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A symbiotic breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a rice field: selecting a pollution-free rice field with the area of 5-8 mu;
preparing a rice field: after harvesting the rice, digging a circular ditch around the rice field, and surrounding the rice field for a circle by a nylon net at a position 2-3 meters away from the inner side edge of the circular ditch in the rice field; arranging a water inlet and outlet of the rice field, and arranging a net at the water inlet and outlet;
building a circular trench greenhouse: arranging a greenhouse in the annular ditch, covering the top of the greenhouse, and isolating the water body in the greenhouse from the rest of the water body in the annular ditch by using an isolator;
rice field and circular ditch disinfection: before planting grass, introducing water into the rice field and the circular ditches, and disinfecting the rice field and the circular ditches;
planting grass in the circular ditches: planting water plants in the ring ditches at the bottom of 3 months;
and (3) roughly releasing the giant freshwater prawn seedlings in the greenhouse: adjusting the water level in the greenhouse to be 60-70 cm 5-7 days before the shrimp seeds are put into the greenhouse for breeding, and fertilizing water; after the temperature of the water body of the circular ditch in the greenhouse reaches 15 ℃, putting macrobrachium rosenbergii water flower seedlings into the greenhouse according to the density of 3000 plus 4000 tails per square meter;
performing greenhouse rough breeding management on macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: after putting the shrimp seedlings in the greenhouse, replacing the water body every 1-2 days, and feeding the prawn opening feed after putting for 3 days;
putting the marked coarse macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings in the shed: after 1 month of internal standard coarse cultivation of the greenhouse, removing the greenhouse separator, communicating the water body of the circular ditch with which the greenhouse is built with the rest water bodies of the circular ditch, putting the standard coarse seedlings of the macrobrachium rosenbergii outside the circular ditch, feeding and managing the same as the standard coarse cultivation management of the greenhouse, and cultivating the circular ditch for one month;
planting rice: applying base fertilizer in the rice field 7-10 days before planting the rice, and directly seeding in late 4 months or transplanting in middle 5 months;
culturing and docking rice macrobrachium rosenbergii: after the cultivation in the circular ditch is carried out for 1 month, the water level of the rice field is adjusted to be 20 centimeters, the nylon net on the inner side of the circular ditch is taken out, then the water level is increased along with the growth of the rice, the water level of the rice field is kept to be 40-50 centimeters at the initial stage of rice jointing, and the cultivation butt joint of the rice macrobrachium rosenbergii is realized;
and (3) paddy field breeding management of macrobrachium rosenbergii: changing water 1 time per week, applying quicklime 1 time every half month, keeping ammonia nitrogen of aquaculture water body less than 1.0mg/L, nitrite state less than 0.2mg/L, pH between 8.0-9.0, and dissolved oxygen between 5-9 mg/L;
capturing Macrobrachium rosenbergii: capturing macrobrachium rosenbergii in late 7 or early 8 months, and maintaining the water level of the rice field at 20 centimeters during the capturing period;
drying the rice in the sun: after the giant freshwater prawns are captured, when the rice in the rice field is in the jointing and booting stage, performing field drying treatment, and adjusting the water level of the rice field to 30 centimeters after the field drying is finished;
harvesting rice: harvesting the rice in the late 9 th month late rice maturity period.
2. The macrobrachium rosenbergii symbiotic cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the circular trench is 80-100cm, and the area of the circular trench is 10% of the area of the rice field.
3. The macrobrachium rosenbergii symbiotic cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the circular trench for building the greenhouse accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the total area of the circular trench.
4. The macrobrachium rosenbergii symbiotic breeding method of claim 1, wherein quicklime is adopted for disinfection, and the usage amount of the quicklime is 100 kg/mu.
5. The symbiotic cultivation method for macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that the aquatic weeds are planted in a dotted distribution, and the planting area is 20% of the area of the circular ditches.
6. The macrobrachium rosenbergii symbiotic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the aquatic weeds comprise high-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds and low-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds, and the planting ratio of the high-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds to the low-temperature-resistant aquatic weeds is 1: 1.
7. The macrobrachium rosenbergii symbiotic breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of the direct seeding is 0.5-1 kg/mu; the row spacing and the planting spacing of the rice transplanting are both 25 centimeters.
8. The symbiotic cultivation method of macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that the water change amount is 1/4; the concentration of the quicklime is 10-15 mg/kg.
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