CN112602658A - Crab culture water quality improvement method - Google Patents
Crab culture water quality improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112602658A CN112602658A CN202011506255.7A CN202011506255A CN112602658A CN 112602658 A CN112602658 A CN 112602658A CN 202011506255 A CN202011506255 A CN 202011506255A CN 112602658 A CN112602658 A CN 112602658A
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- water quality
- water
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- activated carbon
- crab
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/20—Culture of aquatic animals of zooplankton, e.g. water fleas or Rotatoria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving water quality of crab culture, which relates to the technical field of aquaculture and comprises the following steps: clearing and disinfecting a pond; applying organic fertilizer; planting aquatic weeds; daily management and improvement of water quality: controlling the pH value of water in the crab pond to be 7.5-8.5, and adopting at least one of the following measures to improve the water quality environment according to the actual situation: aeration method, biological method, water quality fertilization method and adsorption method. By adopting the water quality improvement method, the water quality of the crab pond can achieve the effects of moderate weight, fresh water quality and high transparency, the requirements of 'fat, alive, tender and cool' are met, the water changing frequency is reduced, and the water can be changed once in 20-25 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a crab culture water quality improvement method.
Background
Crabs like a water body environment with clean water quality and larger transparency, and second-instar river crabs like living in fresh water, alkalescence and water with low ammonia nitrogen. The water quality environment is extremely important for the growth and development of the crabs, for example, the shelling speed of the crabs has a direct relation with the water quality, and some crabs even die because the shelling cannot be finished due to poor water quality. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the crab culture water environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a crab culture water quality improvement method, which can enable the water quality of a crab pond to achieve the effects of moderate weight, fresh water quality and high transparency.
The invention provides a crab culture water quality improvement method, which comprises the following steps:
1) clearing and disinfecting a pond: removing sludge in the crab pond in winter, and splashing quicklime in the whole pond for disinfection, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 60-70 kg/mu;
2) applying organic fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the pond bottom to improve fertility, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 10-15 kg/mu;
in the step, plankton and rich water can be cultivated by additionally applying organic fertilizer;
3) planting aquatic weeds: planting the aquatic weeds, and controlling the coverage rate of the aquatic weeds in the middle and later periods to be 10-20%;
in the step, the coverage area of the aquatic weeds is strictly controlled so as to avoid the oxygen deficiency of the crabs caused by excessive density, and the floating aquatic weeds are fished out in time;
4) daily management and improvement of water quality: controlling the pH value of water in the crab pond to be 7.5-8.5, and adopting at least one of the following measures to improve the water quality environment according to the actual situation;
a. an aeration method: in the high-temperature season, the water is changed every 5-7 days, and an aerator is started to aerate, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is increased;
b. the biological method comprises the following steps: adding water into the photosynthetic bacteria product for aquaculture for full-pond splashing so as to improve the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, absorb and utilize toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide in the water body and purify the water quality; the application amount of the photosynthetic bacteria for aquaculture is 1-2 kg/mu each time;
c. a water quality fertilization method: applying organic manure on the water surface to increase the nutrition of the water body and promote the growth and the propagation of plankton, wherein the application amount of the organic manure is 250-300 kg/mu each time;
d. an adsorption method: and placing an activated carbon adsorbent at a fixed point to adsorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, aquatic animal excrement and residual bait in the water body.
In the invention, the activated carbon adsorbent is put in the adsorption method and can be fixedly placed in the crab pond by a clamp.
Preferably, in step 4), the activated carbon adsorbent is prepared as follows: ultrasonically dispersing silicon dioxide aerogel into ethanol, then adding wood activated carbon, stirring for reaction, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the silica aerogel.
Preferably, the activated carbon adsorbent is prepared as follows: ultrasonically dispersing silicon dioxide aerogel into ethanol, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 20-30g/mL, then adding wood activated carbon, wherein the weight ratio of the silica aerogel to the wood activated carbon is 5-8: 100, stirring and reacting for 4-6h at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Preferably, in the step 1), the pond bottom sludge is controlled not to exceed 10 cm.
Preferably, in the step 2), the organic fertilizer is prepared by decomposing and fermenting livestock manure and tea meal.
Preferably, in the step 2), the weight ratio of the livestock manure to the tea seed meal is 100: 7-15.
Has the advantages that: in the invention, the water body fertility is improved by cleaning the pond and applying organic fertilizer; the aquatic weeds are planted and the coverage rate is controlled, so that the aquatic weeds can absorb the fertility in water to improve the over-fertilized water body, and a habitat and bait can be provided for the crabs. The dissolved oxygen of the water body can be improved by adopting an aeration method; the biological method can absorb and utilize toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the water body to purify the water; the water quality fertilization is to carry out fertilization on a crab pond with insufficient fertility; the adsorption method can not only adsorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas in the water body, but also adsorb the excrement and residual bait of aquatic animals to purify the water quality; aiming at the specific practical situation of the crab pond, one or more improvement methods can be selected to improve the water quality. By adopting the water quality improvement method, the water quality of the crab pond can achieve the effects of moderate weight, fresh water quality and high transparency, the requirements of 'fat, alive, tender and cool' are met, the water changing frequency is reduced, and the water can be changed once in 20-25 days.
In the activated carbon adsorbent, the wood activated carbon with large pore diameter is selected, the silica aerogel is adopted to modify the wood activated carbon, and the silica aerogel enters the large pore diameter of the activated carbon to form a micron-nanometer porous adsorption structure, so that the adsorption diffusion is low, the stability is good, the adsorption removal effect on pollutants in a water body is better, and the adsorption effect of the activated carbon adsorption material with a single pore structure on the pollutants in the water body is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
An activated carbon adsorbent is prepared as follows: ultrasonically dispersing silicon dioxide aerogel into ethanol, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 20g/mL, then adding wood activated carbon, wherein the weight ratio of the silica aerogel to the wood activated carbon is 6: 100, stirring and reacting for 5 hours at 70 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the catalyst.
The prepared activated carbon adsorbent is recorded as a test group, and the wood activated carbon which is not modified by the silicon dioxide aerogel is used as a control group to detect the adsorption performance, and the specific operation is as follows: respectively taking 0.1g of the activated carbon adsorbent of the test group and 0.1g of the activated carbon adsorbent of the control group, adding the activated carbon adsorbent of the test group and the activated carbon adsorbent of the control group into 20ml of water with the ammonia nitrogen initial concentration of 10mg/L, and detecting that the ammonia nitrogen adsorption amount of the activated carbon adsorbent in the test group is 1.7mg/g and the ammonia nitrogen adsorption amount of the activated carbon adsorbent in the control group is 1.3mg/g, wherein the adsorption effect of the test group is obviously better than that of.
Example 2
A crab culture water quality improvement method comprises the following steps:
1) clearing and disinfecting a pond: removing sludge in the crab pond in winter, controlling the sludge at the bottom of the crab pond to be not more than 10cm, and spraying quicklime to the whole pond for disinfection, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 60-70 kg/mu;
2) applying organic fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the pond bottom to improve fertility, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 10-15 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by decomposing and fermenting livestock manure and tea seed meal, wherein the weight ratio of the livestock manure to the tea seed meal is 100: 8;
3) planting aquatic weeds: planting the aquatic weeds, and controlling the coverage rate of the aquatic weeds in the middle and later periods to be 10-20%;
4) daily management and improvement of water quality: controlling the pH value of water in the crab pond to be 7.5-8.5, and adopting at least one of the following measures to improve the water quality environment according to the actual situation;
a. an aeration method: in the high-temperature season, the water is changed every 5-7 days, and an aerator is started to aerate, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is increased;
b. the biological method comprises the following steps: adding water into the photosynthetic bacteria product for aquaculture for full-pond splashing so as to improve the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, absorb and utilize toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide in the water body and purify the water quality; the application amount of the photosynthetic bacteria for aquaculture is 1-2 kg/mu each time;
c. a water quality fertilization method: applying organic manure on the water surface to increase the nutrition of the water body and promote the growth and the propagation of plankton, wherein the application amount of the organic manure is 250-300 kg/mu each time;
d. an adsorption method: the activated carbon adsorbent prepared in example 1 was placed at a fixed point to adsorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, excrement of aquatic animals, and residual bait in a water body.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for improving the water quality of crab culture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) clearing and disinfecting a pond: removing sludge in the crab pond in winter, and splashing quicklime in the whole pond for disinfection, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 60-70 kg/mu;
2) applying organic fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the pond bottom to improve fertility, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 10-15 kg/mu;
3) planting aquatic weeds: planting the aquatic weeds, and controlling the coverage rate of the aquatic weeds in the middle and later periods to be 10-20%;
4) daily management and improvement of water quality: controlling the pH value of water in the crab pond to be 7.5-8.5, and adopting at least one of the following measures to improve the water quality environment according to the actual situation;
a. an aeration method: in the high-temperature season, the water is changed every 5-7 days, and an aerator is started to aerate, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is increased;
b. the biological method comprises the following steps: adding water into the photosynthetic bacteria product for aquaculture for full-pond splashing so as to improve the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, absorb and utilize toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide in the water body and purify the water quality; the application amount of the photosynthetic bacteria for aquaculture is 1-2 kg/mu each time;
c. a water quality fertilization method: applying organic manure on the water surface to increase the nutrition of the water body and promote the growth and the propagation of plankton, wherein the application amount of the organic manure is 250-300 kg/mu each time;
d. an adsorption method: and placing an activated carbon adsorbent at a fixed point to adsorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, aquatic animal excrement and residual bait in the water body.
2. The crab culture water quality improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the activated carbon adsorbent is prepared as follows: ultrasonically dispersing silicon dioxide aerogel into ethanol, then adding wood activated carbon, stirring for reaction, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the silica aerogel.
3. The crab culture water quality improvement method according to claim 2, wherein the activated carbon adsorbent is prepared by the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing silicon dioxide aerogel into ethanol, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 20-30g/mL, then adding wood activated carbon, wherein the weight ratio of the silica aerogel to the wood activated carbon is 5-8: 100, stirring and reacting for 4-6h at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the catalyst.
4. The crab culture water quality improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the pond bottom sludge is controlled not to exceed 10 cm.
5. The crab culture water quality improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the organic fertilizer is prepared by decomposing and fermenting livestock manure and tea meal.
6. The crab culture water quality improvement method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2), the weight ratio of the livestock manure to the tea meal is 100: 7-15.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011506255.7A CN112602658A (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Crab culture water quality improvement method |
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| CN202011506255.7A CN112602658A (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Crab culture water quality improvement method |
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| CN112602658A true CN112602658A (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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| CN202011506255.7A Pending CN112602658A (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Crab culture water quality improvement method |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008113591A (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-22 | Masuda Shoten:Kk | Method for preserving live crabs |
| CN102491802A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 黄山市徽山食用油业有限公司 | Tea seed cake biological organic fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN102773073A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-11-14 | 南京工业大学 | Preparation method of hydrophobic SiO2 aerogel-activated carbon composite material |
| CN107821266A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-03-23 | 马鞍山绿野生态农业(集团）有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for improving crab resistance against diseases |
| CN111084135A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-01 | 镇江华优生态农业科技有限公司 | High-quality Eriocheir sinensis breeding method |
-
2020
- 2020-12-18 CN CN202011506255.7A patent/CN112602658A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008113591A (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-22 | Masuda Shoten:Kk | Method for preserving live crabs |
| CN102773073A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-11-14 | 南京工业大学 | Preparation method of hydrophobic SiO2 aerogel-activated carbon composite material |
| CN102491802A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | 黄山市徽山食用油业有限公司 | Tea seed cake biological organic fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN107821266A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-03-23 | 马鞍山绿野生态农业(集团）有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for improving crab resistance against diseases |
| CN111084135A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-01 | 镇江华优生态农业科技有限公司 | High-quality Eriocheir sinensis breeding method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 侯传宝: "蟹池春季水质的调节", 《渔业致富指南》 * |
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