CN109699560B - Internal circulation biological membrane prawn culture system and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture equipment, in particular to an internal circulation biological film shrimp culture system and a use method thereof, wherein a shrimp culture pond adopts an outside square and inside circular structure, a sewage draining hole is arranged in the center, and an escape preventing net is covered at the sewage draining hole; an aeration pipe for oxygenation and water circulation of the water body is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, and more than two aeration heads are arranged on the aeration pipe; the combined packing box is arranged in the middle of the culture pond, the main structure of the combined packing box comprises a box body made of plastic, the whole box body is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber by a baffle plate with holes, and soft fillers including fiber hair balls are filled in the inner chamber to form an anoxic zone after the combined packing box is used, so that nitrate is removed; the outer chamber is filled with one or more than two of rigid fillers including polyurethane, retinervus Luffae fructus and coral bone; for review, the main body structure is simple, the design conception is ingenious, the manufacturing cost is low, the application environment is friendly, and the market prospect is wide.

Description

Internal circulation biological membrane prawn culture system and application method thereof

Technical field:

the invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture equipment, relates to a prawn culture system and a use method thereof, in particular to an internal circulation biomembrane prawn culture system and a use method thereof.

The background technology is as follows:

the method is characterized in that the method is a world-wide biggest aquaculture country, the yield of the aquaculture year is the first of the yields of all countries in the world, and the shrimp aquaculture area can reach more than 400 ten thousand mu. For a long time, pond culture is a main culture mode of prawns in China, mainly adopts extensive culture, and has two defects, namely, the water change amount is large, 1 kg of prawns are cultured according to the existing data statistics, 20 cubic meters of clean water source is consumed, most of culture wastewater is directly discharged without treatment, a large amount of water resources are wasted, and a certain pollution is caused to the environment; secondly, in the process of culturing the prawns, ammonia and nitrite are generated by excretion of the prawns, decomposition of residual baits and the like, and if the ammonia and nitrite cannot be timely removed, ammonia nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen is accumulated, so that the damage to cultured organisms is caused. Ammonia and nitrite have a great influence on the respiratory system of the prawns, and are important causes of inducing fulminant shrimp diseases. After nitrite in water enters blood through the gill wires of the prawns, the oxygen carrying capacity of hemocyanin for transporting oxygen in the blood is reduced, the oxygen deficiency of tissues and the disease resistance are caused to be reduced, ingestion is reduced, soft shells are further formed, and when the nitrite is serious, the prawns are molted at the bottom of the pond and die in a large quantity due to nitrite poisoning, so ammonia and nitrite are main removal targets in the prawn cultivation process.

In order to solve the above problems, a circulating water aquaculture mode (Recirculatingaquaculture systems, RAS) was explored, which can reduce the daily water change of the system to 10%, and is considered as an environment-friendly aquaculture mode. However, RAS investment, operation cost and technical requirements are relatively high, and large-area popularization difficulty is high. Biological Flocculation Technology (BFT) is used for improving the quantity of heterotrophic bacteria in water by adding an organic carbon source, adjusting the C/N ratio, converting inorganic nitrogen in the water into self components by utilizing microorganisms, and feeding the flocculation by prawns for the second time so as to achieve the purposes of regulating and controlling water quality, promoting nutrient circulation and reducing feed coefficients, and the technology has some defects although the water exchange quantity is smaller, firstly, the biological flocculation is usually realized by adopting a method of adding sucrose, starch, glucose and the like, so that the culture cost is increased; secondly, the technical operation and management process is complex, the stable control is difficult in actual production, and the operability and the practicability are poor; thirdly, the method adopts the addition of an organic carbon source to promote the growth of heterotrophic bacteria, which is unfavorable for the growth of nitrifying bacteria, if the regulation and control are improper, a large amount of ammonia and nitrite can be accumulated in the cultivation process; fourthly, if the floccule sedimentation substance generated by the method cannot be treated timely and reasonably, the growth of the prawns can be influenced.

The removal of ammonia and nitrite in a farming system is mainly accomplished by nitrifying functional microorganisms, including Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB), ammonia oxidizing archaea (Ammoniaoxidizing archaea, AOA) and Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB), which convert ammonia to nitrite, which in turn convert nitrite to nitrate, which are able to convert ammonia and nitrite to relatively non-toxic nitrates through the process, thus playing a great role in the farming system of prawns. To maintain ammonia and nitrite at low concentrations in a farming system, it is necessary to ensure that a certain number of nitrifying microorganisms are present in the system. However, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria are autotrophic bacteria, carbon dioxide is used as a carbon source, inorganic nitrogen oxide is used as an energy source, and the growth and propagation speed are slow and sensitive to environmental factor changes, so that the bacteria are in a disadvantage in competition with heterotrophic bacteria. In addition, the above-mentioned microorganism having a nitrifying function also has the property of adhering to growth, and it is necessary to provide a suitable biofilm carrier for its growth.

In addition, although the toxicity of nitrate in the culture water is low, some suggestions are made on the safe concentration of nitrate in the culture water, and the scholars consider that the safe concentration of nitrate in the culture water is 220 mg/L. Therefore, the removal of nitrate is also considered in the circulating water culture process, so that the toxicity of prawns caused by long-term accumulation and the eutrophication of water body caused by the discharge of culture water are avoided, and the removal of nitrate is usually realized by adopting a denitrification way under the anoxic condition.

Aiming at the problems, on the basis of fully considering the life habit, the culture pond space and the microbial characteristics of the nitrification function of the prawns, the invention seeks to design an internal circulation biological membrane prawn culture system and a use method thereof.

The invention comprises the following steps:

the invention aims to overcome various defects of the existing culture method, and designs an internal circulation biological membrane shrimp culture system and a use method thereof on the basis of fully considering the life habit, the culture pond space and the nitrifying function microorganism characteristics of the shrimps.

In order to achieve the purpose, the internal circulation biological membrane prawn culture system is realized by the following technical scheme: the internal circulation biological film prawn culture system has the following specific structure: the prawn culture pond adopts an external square and internal round structure, the area is 10-40 square meters, the pond height is 1.0-1.5 meters, and the aspect ratio is 1.2-1.5:1; the gradient of the bottom of the culture pond is 1-3 degrees, a drain hole is arranged in the center, and an escape preventing net is covered at the drain hole; the position of the culture pond close to the top is communicated with a water inlet pipe for supplying water, and the part of the water inlet pipe positioned in the culture pond forms an angle of 30-40 degrees with the horizontal direction; an aeration pipe for oxygenation and water circulation of the water body is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, more than two aeration heads are arranged on the aeration pipe, and the water flow of the pond is realized by aeration; the combined type stuffing box is arranged in the middle of the culture pond, the main structure of the combined type stuffing box comprises a box body made of plastic, the box body is 50-100 cm long, 40-60 cm wide and 40-50 cm high, oval holes are densely arranged around and below the box body, the long axis of each oval hole is 3-5 cm, the short axis of each oval hole is 2-3 cm, a drawer type cover is arranged above the box body so as to be convenient for opening and placing fillers, the whole box body is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber by a baffle plate with holes in the combined type stuffing box, wherein the inner chamber accounts for 30-40% of the whole stuffing box space, the outer chamber accounts for 60-70% of the stuffing box space, and the inner chamber and the outer chamber are filled with different fillers respectively; the inner chamber part is 30-60 cm long and 20-30 cm wide, the height is the same as that of the box body, the size and density of the pores on the partition plate are the same as those of the box body, and an aeration head or a gas stone is preset in the outer chamber of the combined type stuffing box so as to change the distribution condition of dissolved oxygen in the stuffing box in an intermittent aeration mode; grooves and convex grooves are respectively arranged at the vertical edges of the same side of the combined type packing box and are used for facilitating the splicing between the two packing boxes, buckles used for connecting adjacent combined type packing boxes are fixedly arranged at the middle of the side plates of the combined type packing box, soft fillers including fiber hair balls are filled in the inner chamber part of the combined type packing box and are used for forming an anoxic zone after the combined type packing box is used, so that nitrate is removed; the outer chamber of the combined stuffing box is filled with one or more than two of rigid stuffing materials including polyurethane, luffa and coral bones; the cultivation pond is provided with a fixed support and a cross beam which are used as fixed carriers in a crossing way, the combined type stuffing box is connected with the cross beam through a fixed belt arranged at the upper part of the combined type stuffing box, artificial aquatic weeds which are used for adjusting the water body environment are uniformly distributed around the combined type stuffing box, the artificial aquatic weeds are biological fillers made of rope-type polyester fiber materials, the length of the artificial aquatic weeds is 0.5-0.8 m, the row spacing is 0.5 m according to the plant spacing of 0.25 m, the artificial aquatic weeds are arranged at the center of the cultivation pond and are 0.5-1.0 m away from the four walls, the position of the artificial aquatic weeds is fixed through an artificial aquatic weed grid, and floating balls which provide buoyancy for the artificial aquatic weeds are hung at the top of the artificial aquatic weeds so as to ensure that the artificial aquatic weeds are always attached to the water surface; the soft filler, the hard filler and the artificial pasture and water in the combined filler box are used as microorganism carriers, so that nitrifying microorganisms can be quickly attached and grown, and the nitrifying function of the system is built, so that ammonia and nitrite in water are quickly removed, accumulation of ammonia and nitrite in the cultivation process is avoided, denitrification is facilitated by an anoxic zone in an inner chamber of the combined filler box, accumulation of nitrate is avoided, and internal circulation water quality purification of a prawn cultivation system is realized; has the advantages of preventing invasion of exogenous pathogenic bacteria, reducing the incidence rate of prawns, reducing water consumption, energy consumption and the like; is especially suitable for high-density prawn culture systems.

The invention aims to ensure the stability of the artificial aquatic weed, the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed is connected to the bottom of the culture pond through a string so as to be fixed, and the distance between the artificial aquatic weed and the bottom of the pond is 10-30 cm.

The middle fixing belts are arranged on the combined packing box in the following manner, one fixing belt with the same length is respectively arranged at four corners of the upper side surface of the combined packing box, and one fixing belt used for binding the cross beam is arranged at the junction of the four fixing belts.

The optimal size of the culture pond is 18-24 square meters, and the height of the pond is 1.0-1.2 meters.

The size of the fiber wool ball is 4-6 cm, one or more than two of the hard fillers are combined in equal volume, and the size of the hard filler is 5-15 cm.

The artificial aquatic weed grid is a grid-shaped structure woven by fiber ropes and is fixed on the water surface of a culture pond by hanging on the pond wall so as to be used as a support carrier of the artificial aquatic weed.

The specific using operation steps of the invention are as follows:

s1, mounting a combined stuffing box:

the combined packing box is installed according to the volume ratio of the combined packing box to the water volume of the culture pond of 3% -5%, and is bound on a cross beam arranged above the culture pond through a fixing belt, the cross beam is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or wooden material, and the distance between the bottom of the combined packing box and the bottom of the culture pond is 10-20 cm;

s2, fixing artificial aquatic plants:

hanging floating balls on the tops of the artificial aquatic weeds, arranging the floating balls at the center of a culture pond at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from four walls according to a plant distance of 0.25 m and a line distance of 0.5 m, and leaving a gap of 10-30 cm between the bottoms of the artificial aquatic weeds 1 and the bottom of the culture pond except for the combined stuffing boxes; then the bottom of the artificial float grass 1 is connected to the bottom of the culture pond through a string for fixing;

s3, water-culturing stage:

in the water culturing stage, namely a film hanging stage, soft filler, hard filler and artificial aquatic weed in a combined filler box are used as biomembrane carriers, firstly, culture water is added into a culture pond to ensure that the water depth is 0.8-1.2 m, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the optimal temperature is 28 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is 4.5-8.5 mg/L through aeration; adding an ammonium chloride reagent to enable the ammonia nitrogen content to be 5 mg/L, adding nitrifying bacteria according to the volume ratio of the microbial inoculum to the stuffing box of 0.2% -0.5% (V: V) so as to accelerate film forming speed and shorten water culturing time, monitoring the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content every 24 hours, re-adding the ammonium chloride reagent to enable the ammonia nitrogen content to be 10 mg/L when the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content are reduced to be below 0.1 mg/L, continuously monitoring the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content, and completing the establishment process of the nitrifying function of the culture pond when the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content are reduced to be below 0.1 mg/L at the same time, wherein the whole process is required to be 10-15 days according to different conditions such as the effect of the microbial inoculum, the temperature and the dissolved oxygen;

s4, prawn throwing and culturing:

putting prawn seedlings into a culture pond according to a conventional culture method, converting ammonia and nitrite into nitrate by using a filler in a combined filler box and a biomembrane attached to artificial aquatic plants, realizing water circulation by using aeration, and controlling the dissolved oxygen of the water to be 6.5-8.5 mg/L; periodically detecting indexes including ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and dissolved oxygen in the cultivation process; after one cultivation period is finished, the stuffing box and the artificial pasture and water are washed clean by clean water and are placed in 1 cultivation pond in a concentrated mode for preservation, and the preservation conditions are as follows: oxygenation is carried out by the aerator, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is maintained to be more than 4.0mg/L, and the combined stuffing box is re-fixed in the culture pond for direct use until the next culture period; if the interval between two cultivation periods is more than 6 months, cleaning soft filler and hard filler in the combined filler box, airing for standby, and re-filming for use in the next cultivation period; after the combined stuffing box has been used for more than 1 year, the damaged condition is checked, and the damaged combined stuffing box is replaced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method has the advantages that the space of the shrimp culture pond is fully utilized, the combined stuffing box and the artificial aquatic weed are added to serve as biomembrane carriers, so that the culture pond has the dual functions of water purification and culture, an additional organic carbon source is not required to be added, the cost is reduced, the structures of the inner chamber and the outer chamber of the combined stuffing box are respectively filled with different stuffing materials, nitrifying microorganisms can be quickly attached and grown, the nitrifying function is built in the system, ammonia and nitrite in the water body are quickly removed, the accumulation of ammonia and nitrite in the culture process is avoided, the anoxic zone in the stuffing box is beneficial to denitrification, the accumulation of nitrate is avoided, the internal circulation water quality purification of the shrimp culture system is realized, the invasion of exogenous pathogenic bacteria is prevented, the morbidity of the shrimps is reduced, the water consumption and the energy consumption are reduced, and the like, and the method is particularly suitable for high-density shrimp culture systems, and has a certain reference value for other aquatic organism culture systems; meanwhile, the structure is simple, and the use is extremely convenient; the aeration is utilized to realize the water flow of the pond, so that the energy consumption can be greatly reduced, the water can be not changed during the cultivation period, the invasion of exogenous pathogenic bacteria can be avoided, the morbidity of the prawns is reduced, the method is particularly suitable for a high-density prawn cultivation method, and the method has reference value for other aquatic organism cultivation systems; for review, the main body structure is simple, the design conception is ingenious, the manufacturing cost is low, the application environment is friendly, and the market prospect is wide.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a culture pond according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a culture pond according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the stuffing box according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a stuffing box according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the change of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentration in the simulated culture ponds I and II according to the invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the concentration changes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the shrimp culture pond according to the invention; the drawings include: the artificial aquatic weed treatment device comprises an artificial aquatic weed 1, a fixed support 2, a combined stuffing box 3, a cross beam 4, a sewage drain hole 5, a water inlet pipe 6, an artificial aquatic weed grid 7, an aeration pipe 8, a floating ball 9, a fixed belt 10, a buckle 11, a string 12, an aeration head 13, a groove 14 and a convex groove 15.

The specific embodiment is as follows:

this patent is further illustrated by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

the embodiment relates to an internal circulation biomembrane prawn culture system and a use method thereof, which are realized by the following technical scheme:

the specific structure of the internal circulation biomembrane prawn culture system related to the embodiment is as follows: the prawn culture pond adopts an external square and internal round structure, the area is 10-40 square meters, the pond height is 1.0-1.5 meters, and the aspect ratio is 1.2-1.5:1; the gradient of the bottom in the culture pond is 1-3 degrees, a drain hole 5 is arranged in the center, and an escape preventing net is covered at the drain hole 5; the position of the culture pond close to the top is communicated with a water inlet pipe 6 for supplying water, and the part of the water inlet pipe 6 positioned in the culture pond forms an angle of 30-40 degrees with the horizontal direction; an aeration pipe 8 for oxygenation and water circulation of the water body is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, more than two aeration heads 13 are arranged on the aeration pipe 8, and the water flow of the pond is realized by aeration; the combined packing box 3 is arranged in the middle of the culture pond, the main structure of the combined packing box comprises a box body made of plastic, the box body is 50-100 cm long, 40-60 cm wide and 40-50 cm high, oval holes are densely arranged around and below the box body, the long axis of each oval hole is 3-5 cm, the short axis of each oval hole is 2-3 cm, a drawer type cover is arranged above the box body so as to facilitate opening for packing placement, the whole box body is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber by a baffle plate with holes in the combined packing box 3, wherein the inner chamber accounts for 30-40% of the whole packing box space, the outer chamber accounts for 60-70% of the packing box space, and the inner chamber and the outer chamber are respectively filled with different packing materials; the inner chamber part is 30-60 cm long and 20-30 cm wide, the height is the same as that of the box body, the size and density of pores on the partition plate are the same as those of the box body, and an aeration head 13 or a gas stone is preset in the outer chamber of the combined packing box 3 so as to change the distribution condition of dissolved oxygen in the packing box in an intermittent aeration mode; grooves 14 and convex grooves 15 are respectively arranged at the vertical edges of the same side of the combined packing box 3 and are used for facilitating the splicing between the two packing boxes, a buckle 11 used for connecting the adjacent combined packing boxes 3 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the side plate of the combined packing box 3, and soft fillers including fiber hair balls are filled in the inner chamber part of the combined packing box 3 and are used for forming an anoxic zone after use so as to facilitate the removal of nitrate; the outer chamber of the combined stuffing box 3 is filled with one or more than two of rigid stuffing materials including polyurethane, luffa and coral bones; a fixed support 2 and a cross beam 4 used as fixed carriers are arranged on the culture pond in a crossing way, the combined type stuffing box 3 is connected with the cross beam 4 through a fixed belt 10 arranged at the upper part of the combined type stuffing box 3, artificial aquatic weeds 1 used for adjusting the water body environment are uniformly distributed around the combined type stuffing box 3, the artificial aquatic weeds 1 are biological stuffing made of rope-type polyester fiber materials, the length is 0.5-0.8 m, the plant spacing is 0.25 m, the row spacing is 0.5 m, the distance between the center of the culture pond and the walls is 0.5-1.0 m, the artificial aquatic weeds 1 are fixed in position through an artificial aquatic weed grid 7, and floating balls 9 for providing buoyancy for the artificial aquatic weeds 1 are hung at the top of the artificial aquatic weeds 1 so as to ensure that the artificial aquatic weeds 1 are always attached on the water surface; the soft filler, the hard filler and the artificial aquatic weed 1 in the combined filler box 3 are used as microorganism carriers, so that nitrifying microorganisms can be quickly attached and grown, and a nitrifying function is established in the system, ammonia and nitrite in a water body are quickly removed, accumulation of ammonia and nitrite in a cultivation process is avoided, denitrification is facilitated by an anoxic zone in an inner chamber of the combined filler box 3, accumulation of nitrate is avoided, and therefore internal circulation water quality purification of a shrimp cultivation system is realized; has the advantages of preventing invasion of exogenous pathogenic bacteria, reducing the incidence rate of prawns, reducing water consumption, energy consumption and the like; is especially suitable for high-density prawn culture systems.

In this embodiment, to ensure the stability of the artificial aquatic weed, the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed 1 is connected to the bottom of the culture pond through a string 12 for fixing, and the distance between the artificial aquatic weed and the bottom of the pond is 10-30 cm.

The fixing belts 10 in this embodiment are arranged on the combined packing box 3 in such a way that one fixing belt 10 with the same length is respectively arranged at four corners of the upper side surface of the combined packing box 3, and one fixing belt 10 used for binding the cross beam 4 is arranged at the junction of the four fixing belts 10, so that the stability of the combined packing box 3 in use is improved.

The optimal size of the culture pond in the embodiment is 18-24 square meters, and the height of the pond is 1.0-1.2 meters.

In the embodiment, the size of the fiber wool ball is 4-6 cm in diameter, one or more than two of the hard fillers are combined in equal volume, and the size of the hard filler is 5-15 cm.

In this embodiment, the artificial aquatic weed grid 7 is a grid structure woven by fiber ropes and is suspended on the wall of the pond to be fixed on the water surface of the cultivation pond, so as to be used as a support carrier for the artificial aquatic weed.

When the embodiment is used, the specific operation steps are carried out in the following manner:

s1, mounting a combined stuffing box 3: the combined packing box 3 is arranged according to the volume ratio of the combined packing box 3 to the water volume of the culture pond of 3-5%, and is bound on a cross beam 4 arranged above the culture pond through a fixing belt, the cross beam 4 is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or wooden material, and the distance between the bottom of the combined packing box 3 and the bottom of the culture pond is 10-20 cm;

s2, fixing the artificial aquatic weed 1: hanging a floating ball 9 on the top of the artificial float grass 1, arranging the float grass at the center of the culture pond at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from four walls according to a plant distance of 0.25 m and a line distance of 0.5 m, and leaving a gap of 10-30 cm between the bottom of the artificial float grass 1 and the bottom of the culture pond except for the combined stuffing box 3; the bottom of the artificial float grass 1 is connected to the bottom of the culture pond through a string 12 for fixing;

s3, water-culturing stage: in the water culturing stage, namely a film forming stage, soft filler, hard filler and artificial aquatic weed in a combined filler box 3 are used as biomembrane carriers, water for culturing is firstly added into a culturing pond, the water depth is 0.8-1.2 m, the temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, the optimal temperature is 28 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is 4.5-8.5 mg/L through aeration; adding an ammonium chloride reagent to enable the ammonia nitrogen content to be 5 mg/L, adding nitrifying bacteria according to the volume ratio of the microbial inoculum to the stuffing box of 0.2% -0.5% (V: V) so as to accelerate film forming speed and shorten water culturing time, monitoring the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content every 24 hours, re-adding the ammonium chloride reagent to enable the ammonia nitrogen content to be 10 mg/L when the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content are reduced to be below 0.1 mg/L, continuously monitoring the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content, and completing the establishment process of the nitrifying function of the culture pond when the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content are reduced to be below 0.1 mg/L at the same time, wherein the whole process is required to be 10-15 days according to different conditions such as the effect of the microbial inoculum, the temperature and the dissolved oxygen;

s4, prawn throwing and culturing: putting prawn seedlings into a culture pond according to a conventional culture method, converting ammonia and nitrite into nitrate by using a filler in a combined filler box 3 and a biomembrane attached to an artificial aquatic weed 1, realizing water circulation by using aeration, and controlling the dissolved oxygen of the water to be 6.5-8.5 mg/L; periodically detecting indexes including ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and dissolved oxygen in the cultivation process; after one cultivation period is finished, the stuffing box and the artificial pasture and water are washed clean by clean water and are placed in 1 cultivation pond in a concentrated mode for preservation, and the preservation conditions are as follows: oxygenation is carried out by the aerator, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is maintained to be more than 4.0mg/L, and the combined stuffing box 3 is re-fixed in the culture pond for direct use until the next culture period; if the interval between two cultivation periods is more than 6 months, cleaning soft filler and hard filler in the combined filler box 3, airing for standby, and re-film-hanging for use in the next cultivation period; after the combined stuffing box 3 has been used for more than 1 year, the damaged condition is checked, and the damaged combined stuffing box 3 is replaced.

Example 2:

the method is to verify the film forming effect of the culture pond added with the combined stuffing box 3 and artificial pasture in the embodiment 1 and the removal condition of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water body, and select two cement culture ponds for comparison experiments, wherein the size of the culture pond is 4.0m multiplied by 3.0 m multiplied by 1.2 m, the water depth is 1.0 m, the water body volume is 12.0 cubic m, the salinity is adjusted to 18 per mill by seawater crystals, the temperature is controlled to 28 ℃ during the experiment, the pH is 8.0-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is 7.5-8.5 mg/L;

adding 4 combined stuffing boxes and 25 artificial aquatic weeds (rope-type polyester fiber biological stuffing) into a culture pond I, wherein the size of the stuffing boxes is 0.70 m multiplied by 0.48 m multiplied by 0.40 m, and the total volume is 0.54 cubic m, and accounts for 4.5% of the total volume of the culture water body; the length of the artificial aquatic weed is 0.5 m, the distance between plants is 0.25 m, the line distance is 0.5 m, the artificial aquatic weed is arranged in the center of the culture pond and is 0.5-1.0 m away from the four walls, other positions except the combined stuffing boxes are arranged, the top of the artificial aquatic weed is hung with a floating ball, the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed is fixed, and a gap of 10-30 cm is reserved between the artificial aquatic weed and the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed. The culture pond II is not added with a stuffing box and artificial aquatic weed;

the method comprises the steps of adding nitrifying bacteria and bacteria agents into two culture ponds by 10 liters, adding ammonium chloride reagent into each culture pond to enable the initial ammonia nitrogen content to be 5 mg/liter, periodically detecting the water quality change condition of a culture system, measuring the dissolved oxygen content by using portable dissolved oxygen, measuring the ammonia nitrogen content by using indophenol blue spectrophotometry, measuring the nitrite content by using naphthalene ethylenediamine spectrophotometry, and detecting the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content change condition in the water body of the two culture ponds in the experimental process, wherein the ammonia nitrogen in the culture pond I is reduced to be undetectable on the 4 th day, the nitrite nitrogen reaches the peak value (3.2 mg/liter) on the 4 th day, and then the nitrite nitrogen starts to be reduced to be undetectable on the 10 th day; the ammonia nitrogen in the culture pond II is reduced to 0.02 mg/L after 10 days, the nitrite nitrogen is peak (3.7 mg/L) in 8 days, and then the nitrite nitrogen starts to be reduced, but the nitrite nitrogen is still about 0.5 mg/L after 40 days, and the addition of the combined packing box 3 and the artificial pasture and water in the culture pond is beneficial to the proliferation of nitrifying bacteria groups, so that the establishment process of the nitrifying function of the culture pond can be accelerated, and the water culture time of the culture pond is greatly shortened.

Example 3:

the method for culturing penaeus vannamei by using the internal circulation biological membrane in the embodiment is used for verifying the effectiveness of the method for culturing penaeus vannamei in the penaeus vannamei cultivation, 1 cement penaeus vannamei cultivation pond is selected for test, the cultivation pond is 6 m multiplied by 3 m multiplied by 1.2 m, the water depth is 1.0 m, the water volume is 18 cubic meters, 6 combined stuffing boxes and 40 artificial water plants (rope type polyester fiber material biological stuffing) are placed in the cultivation pond, the size of each stuffing box is 0.70 m multiplied by 0.48 m multiplied by 0.40 m, the total volume is 0.81 cubic m, and the total volume of the cultivation water body is 4.5%; the length of the artificial aquatic weed is 0.5 m, the artificial aquatic weed is arranged at the center of the culture pond and at the position which is 0.5-1.0 m away from the four walls and is other than the combined stuffing box, the floating ball is hung on the top of the artificial aquatic weed, the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed is fixed, a gap of 10-30 cm is reserved between the artificial aquatic weed and the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed, the culture pond is oxygenated by using perforated aeration pipes, the water temperature is controlled to be 28+/-1 ℃, the salinity is 18 per mill, the pH is 8.0-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is 7.5-8.5 mg/L;

carrying out water culture after water is subjected to precipitation, filtration, disinfection and other treatments, adding 15 liters of nitrifying bacteria bacterial agent to a combined type stuffing box 3 of a culture pond so as to accelerate film forming speed and shorten water culture time, then adding an ammonium chloride reagent to the culture pond so as to ensure that the initial content of ammonia nitrogen is 5 mg/liter, detecting the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen every 24 hours, adding ammonium chloride to the culture pond again when the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is reduced to be less than 0.1 mg/liter, and completing the film forming process of the stuffing box when the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is reduced to be less than 0.1 mg/liter, wherein the water culture stage lasts for 10 days;

finally, 1 ten thousand of young shrimps are put into the culture pond, the average body length of the young shrimps is 0.8 cm, and the water quality change in the culture pond is periodically detected during the culture period, wherein the main detection indexes comprise: the conditions of the temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content change of the culture pond during water culture and during culture are shown in figure 4, and as can be seen from the figure, the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water body are always at a lower level (less than 0.2 mg/L) during the culture process, the nitrate content is less than 10 mg/L, the effect of the combined stuffing box on removing ammonia, nitrite and nitrate is obvious, the survival rate of the prawns is 80.8% after 86 days of culture, and the bait coefficients are respectively 1.47;

after one cultivation period is finished, the stuffing box and the artificial aquatic weed are washed clean by clean water and are placed in 1 cultivation pond in a concentrated mode, and the preservation conditions are as follows: the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than 4.0mg/L, and the stuffing box and the artificial aquatic weed are re-fixed in the culture pond for use until the next culture period; if the two cultivation periods are longer (more than 3 months), the filler in the stuffing boxes is cleaned, then the stuffing boxes are aired, the stuffing boxes are used after being added again in the next cultivation period, the stuffing boxes are used for more than 1 year, the box bodies of the stuffing boxes and the breakage condition of the filler boxes need to be checked, and under normal conditions, each stuffing box can be used for 3-5 years.

The embodiment shows that the internal circulation biological membrane shrimp culture system and the method realize the flow of pond water by aeration, can greatly reduce energy consumption, can realize no water change during culture, can avoid invasion of exogenous pathogenic bacteria, reduce the incidence of shrimps, and have the advantages of convenient management, low investment and the like.

Claims (5)

1. An internal circulation biomembrane shrimp culture system is characterized in that: the concrete structure is as follows: the prawn culture pond adopts an external square and internal round structure, the area is 10-40 square meters, the pond height is 1.0-1.5 meters, and the aspect ratio is 1.2-1.5:1; the gradient of the bottom of the culture pond is 1-3 degrees, a drain hole is arranged in the center, and an escape preventing net is covered at the drain hole; the position of the culture pond close to the top is communicated with a water inlet pipe for supplying water, and the part of the water inlet pipe positioned in the culture pond forms an angle of 30-40 degrees with the horizontal direction; an aeration pipe for oxygenation and water circulation of the water body is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond, more than two aeration heads are arranged on the aeration pipe, and the water flow of the pond is realized by aeration; the combined type stuffing box is arranged in the middle of the culture pond, the main structure of the combined type stuffing box comprises a box body made of plastic, the box body is 50-100 cm long, 40-60 cm wide and 40-50 cm high, oval holes are densely arranged around and below the box body, the long axis of each oval hole is 3-5 cm, the short axis of each oval hole is 2-3 cm, a drawer type cover is arranged above the box body so as to facilitate opening for filling placement, the whole box body is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber by a baffle plate with holes in the combined type stuffing box, wherein the inner chamber accounts for 30-40% of the whole stuffing box space, the outer chamber accounts for 60-70% of the stuffing box space, and the inner chamber and the outer chamber are respectively filled with different fillers; the inner chamber part is 30-60 cm long and 20-30 cm wide, the height is the same as that of the box body, the size and density of pores on the partition plate are the same as those of the box body, and an aeration head or a gas stone is preset in the outer chamber of the combined type stuffing box so as to change the distribution condition of dissolved oxygen in the stuffing box in an intermittent aeration mode; grooves and convex grooves are respectively arranged at the vertical edges of the same side of the combined type packing box and are used for facilitating the splicing between the two packing boxes, buckles used for connecting adjacent combined type packing boxes are fixedly arranged at the middle of the side plates of the combined type packing box, soft fillers including fiber hair balls are filled in the inner chamber part of the combined type packing box and are used for forming an anoxic zone after the combined type packing box is used, so that nitrate is removed; the outer chamber of the combined stuffing box is filled with one or more than two of rigid stuffing materials including polyurethane, luffa and coral bones; the cultivation pond is provided with a fixed support and a cross beam which are used as fixed carriers in a crossing way, the combined type stuffing box is connected with the cross beam through a fixed belt arranged at the upper part of the combined type stuffing box, artificial aquatic weeds which are used for adjusting the water body environment are uniformly distributed around the combined type stuffing box, the artificial aquatic weeds are biological fillers made of rope-type polyester fiber materials, the length of the artificial aquatic weeds is 0.5-0.8 m, the row spacing is 0.5 m according to the plant spacing of 0.25 m, the artificial aquatic weeds are arranged at the center of the cultivation pond and are 0.5-1.0 m away from the four walls, the position of the artificial aquatic weeds is fixed through an artificial aquatic weed grid, and floating balls which provide buoyancy for the artificial aquatic weeds are hung at the top of the artificial aquatic weeds so as to ensure that the artificial aquatic weeds are always attached to the water surface; the soft filler, the hard filler and the artificial pasture and water in the combined filler box are used as microorganism carriers, so that nitrifying microorganisms can be quickly attached and grown, and the nitrifying function of the system is built, so that ammonia and nitrite in water are quickly removed, accumulation of ammonia and nitrite in the cultivation process is avoided, denitrification is facilitated by an anoxic zone in an inner chamber of the combined filler box, accumulation of nitrate is avoided, and internal circulation water quality purification of a prawn cultivation system is realized; has the advantages of preventing invasion of exogenous pathogenic bacteria, reducing the incidence rate of prawns, and reducing water consumption and energy consumption; the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed is connected to the bottom of the culture pond through a string to be fixed, and the distance between the artificial aquatic weed and the bottom of the pond is 10-30 cm; the fixing belts are arranged on the combined packing box in the following mode, one fixing belt with the same length is respectively arranged at four corners of the upper side face of the combined packing box, one fixing belt used for binding the cross beam is arranged at the junction of the four fixing belts, and the stability of the combined packing box in use is improved through the arrangement mode.

2. An internal circulation biofilm shrimp farming system as in claim 1 wherein: the size of the culture pond is 18-24 square meters, and the height of the pond is 1.0-1.2 meters.

3. An internal circulation biofilm shrimp farming system as in claim 1 wherein: the diameter of the fiber wool ball is 4-6 cm, one or more than two of the hard fillers are combined in equal volume, and the diameter of the hard filler is 5-15 cm.

4. An internal circulation biofilm shrimp farming system as in claim 1 wherein: the artificial aquatic weed grid is a grid-shaped structure woven by fiber ropes and is fixed on the water surface of the culture pond by hanging on the pond wall so as to be used as a support carrier of the artificial aquatic weed.

5. A method of using the internal circulation biofilm shrimp farming system of claim 1, wherein: the specific using operation steps are as follows:

s1, mounting a combined stuffing box:

the combined packing box is installed according to the volume ratio of the combined packing box to the water volume of the culture pond of 3% -5%, and is bound on a cross beam arranged above the culture pond through a fixing belt, the cross beam is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or wooden material, and the distance between the bottom of the combined packing box and the bottom of the culture pond is 10-20 cm;

s2, fixing artificial aquatic plants:

hanging floating balls on the tops of the artificial aquatic weeds, arranging the floating balls at the center of a culture pond at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from four walls according to a plant distance of 0.25 m and a line distance of 0.5 m, and leaving a gap of 10-30 cm between the bottoms of the artificial aquatic weeds and the bottom of the culture pond except for the combined stuffing boxes; then the bottom of the artificial aquatic weed is connected to the bottom of the culture pond through a string for fixing;

s3, water-culturing stage:

in the water culturing stage, namely a film hanging stage, soft filler, hard filler and artificial pasture and water in a combined filler box are used as biomembrane carriers, firstly, culture water is added into a culture pond to ensure that the water depth is 0.8-1.2 m, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen is aerated to be 4.5-8.5 mg/L; adding an ammonium chloride reagent to enable the ammonia nitrogen content to be 5 mg/L, adding nitrifying bacteria according to the proportion of 0.2% -0.5% of the volume ratio of the microbial inoculum to the stuffing box to accelerate the film forming speed and shorten the water culturing time, monitoring the ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content every 24 hours, re-adding the ammonium chloride reagent to enable the ammonia nitrogen content to be 10 mg/L when the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content are reduced to be below 0.1 mg/L, continuously monitoring the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content, and completing the establishment process of the nitrifying function of the culture pond when the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content are reduced to be below 0.1 mg/L at the same time, wherein the whole process requires 10-15 days according to the different effects and temperatures of the microbial inoculum and the conditions of dissolved oxygen;

s4, prawn throwing and culturing:

putting prawn seedlings into a culture pond according to a conventional culture method, converting ammonia and nitrite into nitrate by using a filler in a combined filler box and a biomembrane attached to artificial aquatic plants, realizing water circulation by using aeration, and controlling the dissolved oxygen of the water to be 6.5-8.5 mg/L; periodically detecting indexes including ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and dissolved oxygen in the cultivation process; after one cultivation period is finished, the stuffing box and the artificial pasture and water are washed clean by clean water and are placed in 1 cultivation pond in a concentrated mode for preservation, and the preservation conditions are as follows: oxygenation is carried out by the aerator, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is maintained to be more than 4.0mg/L, and the combined stuffing box is re-fixed in the culture pond for direct use until the next culture period; if the interval between two cultivation periods is more than 6 months, cleaning soft filler and hard filler in the combined filler box, airing for standby, and re-filming for use in the next cultivation period; after the combined stuffing box has been used for more than 1 year, the damaged condition is checked, and the damaged combined stuffing box is replaced.