CN101731159A - Mode of purifying, fostering and fattening clams in pond - Google Patents
Mode of purifying, fostering and fattening clams in pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN101731159A CN101731159A CN200810175357A CN200810175357A CN101731159A CN 101731159 A CN101731159 A CN 101731159A CN 200810175357 A CN200810175357 A CN 200810175357A CN 200810175357 A CN200810175357 A CN 200810175357A CN 101731159 A CN101731159 A CN 101731159A
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- clams
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
Clams produced in shoals are thin and weak, not high in grossness and high in bacteria content; therefore, that the clams before sales are purified, fostered and fattened in a pond is particularly important. When the clams are purified, fostered and fattened in high density in the pond, problems of feed and large quantity of excrement are needed to be solved. The clams filters algae very quickly, so the algae is difficult to culture in the clam fostering pond and is difficult to meet the growth requirement of the clams. In order to ensure that the fostering pond is supplied with sufficient feed, that the algae are cultured in a special pond is the key to foster and fatten the clams. The clams are cultured in high density in the pond, and the excrement thereof is adhered to a substrate and easy to decay so as to influence the growth and development of the clams. Under the common condition of changing water, the excrement is difficult to remove, so the pond is required to be specially designed. The pond is designed to have a certain slope in the length direction of the pond, and the slope is preferably 0.2 percent. In addition, the drainage end of the pond is provided with a plurality of drains every 3m, so the pond has smooth drainage without dead angles. The total depth of the pond is 1.5m, and the water depth is 1.0-1.3m. When the water is changed, an aerator is started up, the water of the pond is agitated, and the excrement of the clams on the surface of the substrate can be floated through the agitation and is discharged out of the pond along with the water current.
Description
Affiliated technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to mariculture technology, mainly is at clam fattening technology in the pond.
Background technology
Clam (Meretrix meretrix) is top grade in the clam, and meat flavour is bright clearly, and it is bright to be commonly called as the first under heaven, is subjected to liking of the domestic and international people deeply.In recent years, more than 10 ten thousand tons of China annual production clams, domestic edible more than 40,000 ton, export more than 60,000 tons, earn foreign exchange 7～8,000 ten thousand dollars.Along with people to the increasing of marine product demand with to the understanding of clam nutritive value, clam has wide domestic and abroad market prospect, cultivating clam already has wide development prospect.
Clam is wide temperature, eurysalinity shellfish.The waters that is fit to its breed is a lot.The clam of mudflat aquaculture is more thin and weak, and coefficient of condition is not high, and bacteria containing amount is big.Therefore, before sale, clam supported temporarily in the pond, fattens, purifies and just seem especially important.Because it is big to culture clam density in the pond, also big to the demand of food organisms.So, in the cultivating clam pond, cultivate the needs that algae is difficult to satisfy the clam growth, and algae is difficult to also cultivate.The best way is that algae is cultivated in special pond, is the optimal selection of pond culture clam with the algae of the special pond cultivation pond culture clam of throwing something and feeding.
Summary of the invention
The key issue that the present invention need solve is that clam is fattened at the pond middle-high density, needs a large amount of unicellular algas, cultivates in the clam storage pond, holding pond, because the clam filter is heavy, algae is difficult to cultivate, and the technology of the present invention adopts special pond to cultivate algae, has solved this problem well.The speed of clam filter food algae is exceedingly fast, and is very difficult so cultivate algae in the clam storage pond, holding pond pool, is difficult to satisfy the needs of clam growth.Even apply inorganic fertilizer in the pond, because algae reproduction speed does not have clam filter food speed fast, algae is difficult to breeding.And after storage pond, holding pond changes water,, grow moss easily because the filter food effect of clam can make the transparency of water body reduce gradually, influence the growth of clam.So, in order to guarantee storage pond, holding pond sufficient bait supply is arranged, specially algae is cultivated in the pond, and this is that clam is brought up fertile key point temporarily.
Clam is cultivated at the pond middle-high density, and its excreta is attached on the substrate, and is putrid and deteriorated easily, influences growing of clam.Common changing under the water condition, excreta are difficult to remove, and present technique is started aerator before adopting and changing water, and pond water is rotated, and the clam excreta is stirred, and flows out outside the pond with draining then.For excreta is discharged rapidly outside the pond, to carry out special design to the pond.Pond design should have certain gradient at the pond length direction, the gradient with 0.2% for well.In addition, establish several discharge outlet more, generally establish a discharge outlet, can make pond draining smoothness like this, do not stay the dead angle every 3m at draining one end.Pond aggregate depth 1.5m, the depth of water 1.0～1.3m.Start aerator when changing water, pond water is stirred, and the clam excreta on substrate surface also can be floated by stirring, discharges outside the pond with current.
Specific implementation method
The pond design: the pond design should be carried out to help supporting process temporarily, and helps raising temporarily the pond sale.Abide by this principle, the pond size is with 2000～4000m
2Be advisable, too small water quality, water temperature mutability, excessive bait is difficult to cultivate, and operation is inconvenience also, supports temporarily and to go out pond labour intensity big, and storage of clam and selling pressure increase.
According to observations, clam with the excreta that outlet pipe is discharged, is attached near the substrate of outlet pipe in life process.In natural environment, these excretas can wash away along with the current of tide bulge and fall.But under the pond culture condition, water is static, and the clam excreta is difficult to remove, even under the situation of using probiotics, decomposing also is more slowly.Under the relatively sufficient situation of food organisms, these excretas can be cumulative, influences the growth of clam.So will help these excremental removings when designing in the pond.Pond design should have certain gradient at the pond length direction, the gradient with 0.2% for well.In addition, establish several discharge outlet more, generally establish a discharge outlet, can make pond draining smoothness like this, do not stay the dead angle every 3m at draining one end.Pond aggregate depth 1.5m, the depth of water 1.0～1.3m.Start aerator when changing water, pond water is stirred, and the clam excreta on substrate surface also can be floated by stirring, discharges outside the pond with current.
Substrate: the breed of clam requires very high to substrate, substrate is preferably taken from the cultivating clam district, and environmental condition is similar like this, and the clam of supporting is temporarily shaked down very soon, shortens the growth retardation time, enters vegetative stage fast.Clam is supported the stage temporarily, and a living environment preferably be arranged, and makes its growing and fattening and being purified fast.The reason of substrate, change index will meet the requirements, will be through disinfecting before using.Sterilization method can use bleaching powder sterilization, and thimerosal will be through filtering, and prevents that filter residue from sneaking into substrate.Substrate after the sterilization will pass through Exposure to Sunlight, can further remove germ, and loose substrate is for clam is created a good living environment.Substrate thickness in the pond should reach about 25cm.
Bait: the algae density in the natural sea-water is too low, is difficult to satisfy the needs of clam growth.The speed of clam filter food algae is exceedingly fast, and is very difficult so cultivate algae in the clam storage pond, holding pond pool, is difficult to satisfy the needs of clam growth.Even apply inorganic fertilizer in the pond, because algae reproduction speed does not have clam filter food speed fast, algae is difficult to breeding.And after storage pond, holding pond changes water,, grow moss easily because the filter food effect of clam can make the transparency of water body reduce gradually, influence the growth of clam.So, in order to guarantee storage pond, holding pond sufficient bait supply is arranged, specially algae is cultivated in the pond, and this is that clam is brought up fertile key point temporarily.
Fatten clam and must make water colour keep certain concentration in the process, so that there are enough algae to ingest, so special pond cultivation algae for clam.Algae can be trained for a certain area, also can cultivate natural algae.The post-directed training algae can be selected high-quality unit cell algaes such as chlorella, chrysophyceae.In the pond, be easier to fertilizer post-directed training chlorella ratio, and comprehensive nutrition, can satisfy the needs that clam grows.
The algae culture pond at first used 50 * 10 before cultivating algae
-6The bleaching powder of concentration is thoroughly cleaned up the pond, and at the bottom of will stirring the pond mud to kill various worm's ovums.Apply the chicken manure 500kg/1000m that becomes thoroughly decomposed after about 7 days
2As base manure, inject fresh filtering sea then, cultivate as the algae kind with the natural algae in the seawater.Will be with 300 purpose silk cover filterings when injecting seawater.According at the bottom of the water colour situation stirring pond, make the nutriment in the base fertilizer of pond soluble in water later on, increase the nutritive salt in the water, make algal bloom.It is splendid to cultivate the algae effect with chicken manure, can make that algae has high concentration in the pond, for the clam storage pond, holding pond provides bait continuously.A bait pond can be supplied with 3 onesize clam storage pond, holding ponds provides algae.
Because the natural algae in the seawater mixes, sociales are not that we want sometimes, such as containing harmful algae such as dinoflagellate.At this moment just can not cultivate natural algae, must post-directed training.Tu Chi post-directed training algae method is to cultivate at indoor one-level and the secondary that carries out algae, and three grades of cultivations are carried out in outdoor algae culture chamber, are inoculated into the algae culture pond then and get final product.The post-directed training algae is cultivated the pond and should be with water to clean up the pond.
Support density temporarily: supporting density temporarily can be by 3kg/m
2Calculate, about the about 3cm of specification, reached the clam of listing specification.Supporting the time temporarily generally is since September, supports temporarily to get final product in 20～30 days.Density is unsuitable excessive, because the ability of clam filter food algae is very strong, density is crossed macro-algae and do not caught up with, and does not reach the temporary fertile effect of bringing up, and loses the temporary fertile meaning of bringing up.In addition, clam density is too big, the H in the substrate
2S and COD can significantly increase, and cause the death of clam easily.The death of clam has tangible diffusibility, and spread speed is exceedingly fast.Dead clam can be rotted smelly very soon, and rapid spread infects contiguous clam.The general mortality that just can cause whole pond clam in about 10 days.In a single day large quantities of death take place in clam, carry out water body disinfection again, and medicine measure such as splash is of no avail.So, support in the process temporarily clam, should too not pursue breeding density, and should take all factors into consideration.
Management: the algae of regularly throwing something and feeding every day.The water in available pump handle algae culture pond pumps into the clam storage pond, holding pond, replenishes bait.Make the water of clam storage pond, holding pond have light color to get final product.
The good water quality index of storage pond, holding pond water environment management GPRS, general salinity is 5～28 ‰, pH is 7.8～8.5, water temperature is 12～30 ℃, more than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, the unit cell concentration of algae be 500,000/more than the ml, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are no more than 0.4mg/L.Carry out water temperature, water quality monitoring work at ordinary times, periodic measurement water quality physical and chemical index.By observing the concentration that water colour is regulated food organisms, water colour should keep light yellow green, and transparency remains between 30cm～50cm.
Will note observing the color in algae culture pond every day, guarantee that color is darker, make algae that certain concentration be arranged, transparency maintains 15cm and gets final product.
Bait throwing in every day of clam storage pond, holding pond, thus water need not be changed, but answer draining, so that get rid of the clam excreta in the pond.The excreta of clam every day is a lot, and all on the substrate top layer, makes substrate rotten easily, even use probiotics also to need to get rid of refuse.Available aerator stirs water before the draining, and the clam excreta on the substrate is stirred, and these refuses are discharged outside the pond with current.
Clam is fertile through 1～2 month temporary raising, can increase substantially coefficient of condition, effectively reduces Escherichia coli and content of beary metal in the clam body, has increased the edible safety of clam.Support in the process temporarily clam, algae culture is undertaken by special pond, avoided dropping into to the clam storage pond, holding pond fertilizer of any possibility polluted water, made clam support health fattening in relatively cleaner environment all the time temporarily, this cultural technique has really embodied the theory of healthy aquaculture.
Claims (4)
1. the clam pond purifies, supports temporarily and fattening method, it is characterized in that particular design is carried out on the clam storage pond, holding pond pool and bait supply method, so that adapt to high density, high excremental characteristics.
2. according to the requirement of right 1, the design on the clam storage pond, holding pond pool should have certain gradient, the gradient with 0.2% for well.In addition, establish several discharge outlet at pond draining one end more, generally establish a discharge outlet every 3m, can make pond draining smoothness like this, do not stay the dead angle, excreta just be not discharged from before the precipitation.Pond aggregate depth 1.5m, the depth of water 1.0～1.3m should not be dark excessively.Start aerator when changing water, pond water is stirred, and the clam excreta on substrate surface also can be floated by stirring, discharges outside the pond with current.
3. according to the requirement of right 1, the characteristics that bait is supplied with are that bait is cultivated in special pond, for clam provides bait continuously, and the requirement that satisfy high density, intensifies and put in a suitable place to breed.
4. according to the requirement of right 3, bait is cultivated the pond and be it is characterized in that at first using 50 * 10 before cultivating algae
-6The bleaching powder of concentration is thoroughly cleaned up the pond, and at the bottom of will stirring the pond mud to kill various worm's ovums.Apply the chicken manure 500kg/1000m that becomes thoroughly decomposed after about 7 days
2As base manure, inject fresh filtering sea then, cultivate as the algae kind with the natural algae in the seawater.Will be with 300 purpose silk cover filterings when injecting seawater.According at the bottom of the water colour situation stirring pond, make the nutriment in the base fertilizer of pond soluble in water later on, increase the nutritive salt in the water, make algal bloom.It is splendid to cultivate the algae effect with chicken manure, can make that algae has high concentration in the pond, for the clam storage pond, holding pond provides bait continuously.A bait pond can be supplied with 2 onesize clam storage pond, holding ponds provides algae.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810175357A CN101731159A (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2008-11-06 | Mode of purifying, fostering and fattening clams in pond |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810175357A CN101731159A (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2008-11-06 | Mode of purifying, fostering and fattening clams in pond |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101731159A true CN101731159A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
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| CN200810175357A Pending CN101731159A (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2008-11-06 | Mode of purifying, fostering and fattening clams in pond |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104522139A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 滨州市海洋与渔业研究所 | Purification method of cyclina sinensis finished product |
| CN105052792A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | High-yield breeding method for clams |
| CN109287534A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-01 | 宁波大学 | A kind of marine shellfish cultivating pool microalgae group manual intervention system and application method |
| CN113508773A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-10-19 | 大连海洋大学 | Shellfish circulating water temporary culture system and shellfish heavy metal purification method |
| CN114938788A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-26 | 广西海洋研究所有限责任公司 | Overwintering culture and fattening method for paphia textzle gmelin parent high-level pond |
-
2008
- 2008-11-06 CN CN200810175357A patent/CN101731159A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104522139A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 滨州市海洋与渔业研究所 | Purification method of cyclina sinensis finished product |
| CN105052792A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | High-yield breeding method for clams |
| CN109287534A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-01 | 宁波大学 | A kind of marine shellfish cultivating pool microalgae group manual intervention system and application method |
| CN113508773A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-10-19 | 大连海洋大学 | Shellfish circulating water temporary culture system and shellfish heavy metal purification method |
| CN114938788A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-26 | 广西海洋研究所有限责任公司 | Overwintering culture and fattening method for paphia textzle gmelin parent high-level pond |
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Open date: 20100616 |