CN115490333A - Construction method for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of eutrophic water body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of eutrophic water, which comprises the following steps: (1) matrix modification; (2) water body three-dimensional ecological engineering restoration; (3) lifting the water landscape; and (4) operating, maintaining and managing the whole ecological system. The invention constructs the landscape of an underwater forest by submerged plants; putting aquatic organisms in the water to perfect an underwater food chain project; putting plankton to control cyanobacterial bloom; an aquatic park is built by planting aquatic vegetation and a landscape device on the aquatic three-dimensional ecological floating island. The method realizes the construction of underwater ecological system restoration and the construction of integral landscape on the water surface by submerged plants, aquatic animals and microorganisms, obviously improves the water quality of the water body, has the transparency of more than 2.0m, improves the water quality to be more than II-class water quality standards, thoroughly eliminates the eutrophication water body of blue-green algae, keeps the water body clear and bottom-seen for a long time, and realizes the corresponding three-dimensional landscape effect of an overwater park and an underwater forest.

Description

Construction method for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of eutrophic water body

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water body ecological restoration, in particular to a construction method for eutrophic water body ecological restoration and landscape improvement.

Background

The salt landscape water body comprises natural lakes, riverways, artificial lakes in public places (parks, living quarters, entertainment places and the like), ornamental ponds, landscape riverways and the like, is an important component in human living environment, and has important ecological function, cultural function, aesthetic value and economic significance. However, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of living standard of residents, the eutrophication of landscape water bodies is increasingly serious due to the convergence of domestic sewage, industrial sewage, rainwater surface runoff and the like, and the landscape water bodies gradually become black and odorous water bodies and blue algae frequently, so that ecological systems are seriously damaged, and the quality of ecological environment and human living environment is seriously influenced. Therefore, the treatment of the landscape water body is very important at present.

At present, the methods for treating the eutrophication of landscape water bodies mainly comprise industrial treatment, chemical treatment and bioremediation. The industrial treatment and chemical treatment cost is high, the secondary pollution problem exists, the cyanobacterial bloom phenomenon is easy to repeatedly burst, and the problem of water eutrophication is difficult to fundamentally solve, so that the research on the technology for restoring an ecological system of an eutrophic water body is significant in restoring an aquatic vegetation system and finally improving the purification capacity and landscape effect of the water body.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a construction method for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of an eutrophic water body. According to the invention, an underwater ecosystem is constructed by 'submerged plants, aquatic animals and microorganisms' to restore, the water quality of the water body is obviously improved, the transparency reaches more than 2.0m, the water quality is improved to be more than II-class water quality standards, the eutrophication water body of blue-green algae is thoroughly eliminated, and the effect that the water body is clear and bottom-seen can be maintained for a long time.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for constructing eutrophic water body ecological restoration and landscape improvement, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Matrix modification: the method comprises the steps of draining water, removing impurities, modifying bottom mud and activating the bottom mud, wherein the step of activating the bottom mud comprises the step of adding a biological oxidant, a calcium additive and a microbial preparation;

(2) Three-dimensional ecological engineering restoration of a water body: comprises the steps of laying aquatic plants in multiple levels, putting zooplankton, replanting submerged plants and putting aquatic animals in the aquatic plants;

(3) Lifting the water landscape;

(4) And (5) operating, maintaining and managing the whole ecological system.

According to the invention, functional microorganisms are added as the bottom sediment activating agent, so that the bottom sediment matrix can be effectively improved, the chlorophyll content of blue-green algae in a water body is reduced, the outbreak of water bloom is controlled, and then planktonic algae-controlling animals are added, so that the synergistic algae control of the microorganisms and the planktonic animals is realized, and a proper water body environment is created for the growth of submerged plants; the submerged plants absorb nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body under illumination to carry out photosynthesis to promote the growth of roots and stems of the submerged plants, so that the algae type turbid water state of the original water body is converted into a stable grass type clear water state, and an underwater forest is formed; the 'underwater forest' provides a habitat for aquatic animals, the aquatic animals can survive by oxygen released by submerged plants due to photosynthesis, carbon dioxide generated by the aquatic animals through respiration becomes a carbon source for photosynthesis of the plants, a relatively complete underwater biological chain is formed by symbiotic relationship among organisms, and an 'water park' is built for water landscape; the three-dimensional landscape effect corresponding to the water park and the underwater forest is realized.

Further, the step (1) of draining and impurity removing specifically comprises the steps of leveling the bottom of the pool, removing pollutants and weeds in the water body, and transferring fishes in the water body.

Further, the improvement of the bottom mud in the step (1) is to lay filter materials, add geotechnical filter screens and plant soil in the whole water area.

Preferably, the filter material is zeolite, volcanic rock and/or gravel; the thickness of the filter material is 10-30 cm; the specification of the geotechnical filter screen is 200g/m ² Or 300g/m ² (ii) a The planting soil is sandy soil, clay soil and/or loam, and the thickness of the planting soil is 30-50 cm.

Further, the biological oxidant is potassium hydrogen persulfate complex salt, chlorine dioxide and/or potassium ferrate; the calcium additive is calcium peroxide, quicklime and/or dolomite; the microbial preparation is aerobic bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and/or algicidal bacteria liquid.

Further, the total dosage of the biological oxidant and the calcium additive is 50-70 mL/m ³ (ii) a The biological oxidant is: the volume ratio of the calcium additive is 4:1; the concentration of the microbial preparation is 0.5-1.0 kg/L.

Further, the step (2) of laying aquatic plants in multiple levels specifically comprises: after the substrate is improved for 5 to 7 days, aerating for 1 to 2 days until the pH value is reduced to 7 to 9, and laying aquatic plants in a multi-layer way: floating plants are arranged in a water area with the water depth less than 1.5 m; laying submerged plants in a water area with the water depth of 1.5-2 m; and constructing an ecological floating island in a water area with the water depth of more than 2.0 m.

Furthermore, the configuration area of the floating-leaf plants accounts for 5-10% of the whole water area; the configuration area of the submerged plant accounts for 70-90% of the whole water area; the configuration area of the ecological floating island accounts for 15-30% of the whole water area.

Preferably, the floating-leaf plant is poynia palace, lotus and/or Trapa taiwanensis; the submerged plant is improved short tape grass, hydrilla verticillata and/or elodea nutans.

The improved roots of the dwarf type eel grass can secrete tannin, and can effectively inhibit the outbreak of algae. .

The method for improving the dwarf tape grass comprises the following steps:

(1) Planting dwarf tape grass in blue algae solution, and replacing 20-40% of the blue algae solution (more than 1000 ten thousand/L) volume every day;

(2) Screening out dominant species from the step (1), wherein the dominant species are short tape grass which is good in growing form and large in individual;

(3) Repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the total time is 160-200 days;

(4) And (4) putting the dwarf tape grass obtained in the step (3) into a blue algae solution, and stably culturing for 160-200 days to obtain the improved dwarf tape grass.

The floating-leaf plants are planted in the middle and last ten days of 4 months each year by adopting a seedling throwing planting method, and the configured density is 2-5 plants/m ² (ii) a The submerged plants are planted in the middle and last ten days of 5 months each year by adopting an earth covering root system method, and the configuration density is 10-15 plants/clump and 5-20 clumps/m ² 。

Further, the constructing of the ecological floating island specifically comprises: the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming a round or square frame by punching a high-density polyethylene plate, a nylon grid and PVC pipes, fixing the periphery of the frame at the bottom of a lake by using steel pipes, fixing a hard foam material at the upper part of the frame, and planting aquatic plants for purifying water quality in holes to form an ecological floating island; the aquatic plant is myriophyllum viridis, aquatic iris tectorum and/or copper cash.

Preferably, the hard foam material is divided into two layers, wherein 10-25 holes with the aperture of 5-8 cm are distributed on the outer layer, and 15-30 holes with the aperture of 5-8 cm are distributed on the inner layer; the design is convenient for the outward scattering growth of plants.

Further, the step (2) of feeding zooplankton specifically comprises: after the aquatic plants are planted, feeding the zooplankton for 4-10 times, wherein the total feeding amount is 120-160 mL/m < 3 >, and the feeding water level is controlled to be 0.7-1.2 m; the zooplankton is cyclops, brachionus armeniaca and/or domesticated daphnia magna; the step (2) of the submerged plant reseeding specifically comprises the following steps: after finishing the feeding of zooplankton, raising the water level of the water body for 2-3 times until reaching the normal water level, replanting the early-stage seed leaking part by adopting a seedling throwing planting mode, and simultaneously adjusting the distribution of local aquatic weeds.

The zooplankton has strong capability of resisting the cyanobacteria toxin, and can swallow tens of times of algae every day.

Further, the method for domesticating daphnia magna comprises the following steps:

(1) Adding domesticated foodstuff into a daphnia magna domestication tank, wherein the domesticated foodstuff is blue algae solution (more than 1000 ten thousand per liter) and brown sugar solution with the concentration of 50%;

(2) Selecting dominant species from the daphnia magna fed with the domesticated foodstuff in the step (1), wherein the dominant species are daphnia magna which is long and excellent in growth form and large in individual;

(3) Repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the total time is 70-100 days;

(4) And (4) putting the daphnia magna obtained in the step (3) into the domestication delay, and stably culturing for more than 45 days to obtain the domesticated daphnia magna.

Further, after the aquatic animals, specifically submerged plants, are fed in the step (2), the system operates for 15-45 days, and then the aquatic animals are fed in; the aquatic animals include fish, shrimp, and snail.

Preferably, the fish is silver carp, bighead carp and/or weever; the shrimps are freshwater shrimps, prawns and/or white shrimps; the snails are periwinkle snails, square periwinkle snails and/or river snails.

The aquatic animals mainly have filter feeding property, and the number of algae and zooplankton can be effectively controlled.

Preferably, the fish throwing density is 0.2-0.6 g/L; the feeding density of the shrimps is 0.2-0.6 g/L; the throwing density of the snails is 0.2-0.6 g/L.

Further, the water landscape in the step (3) is specifically promoted as follows: installing landscape lamps, garbage collectors, mosquito killing lamps and landscape fountains;

the landscape lamp and the fountain device jointly build an 'overwater park', which corresponds to the underwater landscape.

Further, the operation, maintenance and management of the whole ecosystem in the step (4) are specifically as follows: periodically monitoring the nitrogen and phosphorus content change of the water body during the operation period of the integral ecological system; regularly monitoring the growth conditions of planktons and aquatic plants, cleaning garbage on the water surface, and trimming aquatic weeds; and circularly carrying out maintenance work on the whole ecological system until the ecological system enters a self-maintenance stage.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:

(1) A complete pollution-resistant ecological system of submerged plants, aquatic animals and microorganisms is constructed, the combination of a functional microorganism and zooplankton cooperative algae control technology with the aquatic animals and the pollution-resistant submerged plants quickly and effectively constructs a clear water ecological system, and the system is kept stable for a long time.

(2) The cost is low, the aquatic plants on the ecological floating island are planted according to seasons, the aquatic plants are transplanted in spring and summer and harvested in winter under the general condition, the selected myriophyllum viridis not only has strong water quality purification capacity, but also can resist low temperature, and the labor cost for maintaining vegetation can be reduced subsequently.

(3) The ecological system has high speed and obvious effect on restoring the eutrophic water body, the restored water body has clear sense and bottom, the transparency reaches more than 2.0m, the water quality is stably kept above the II-class water quality standard, the blue-green algae and the black and stink water body are thoroughly eliminated, the effect is far better than that of other methods for treating the eutrophic water body, and the ecological system is particularly suitable for restoring the ecological system of the local water area of the medium-sized or large-sized eutrophic water body.

(4) The ecological system has multiple benefits, fully considers the three-dimensional space structure of the eutrophic water body, has obvious and clear layering, considers the habitat requirements of different aquatic plants, configures different aquatic plant types from the near bank to the deep water area and configures the ecological floating island plants on the water surface, and has obvious ecological benefits and landscape effects; the park on water is realized by adding the forms of night light, fountain and the like, so that tourists are attracted, and social benefits are brought.

(5) The ecological system realizes resource utilization of pollutants, the watery pollutants enter a root system area through biological enrichment to absorb and degrade nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, and the watery pollutants can be dried at low temperature and mixed with corn flour and the like to be used as livestock and poultry breeding feed after being harvested due to high protein content (15% -20%) after entering a maintenance period, so that the resource utilization of the pollutants is realized, and the watery pollutants have higher economic value.

(6) The ecological system restoration technology does not generate secondary pollution caused by chemical treatment and environmental influence caused by treatment of large-scale treatment equipment, forms green ecological biological cycle only by the symbiotic relationship among organisms, and accords with the sustainable development concept.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the eutrophic water body ecological restoration and landscape improvement, wherein 1-submerged plants, 2-zooplankton, 3-fish, 4-ecological floating island, 5-sediment activator, 6-emergent aquatic plants, 7-landscape fountain and 8-floating-leaf plants are adopted;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of providing a certain landscape pond in example 1;

FIG. 3 is a graph of experimental data on Total Nitrogen (TN) removal rates of the experimental group 1 and the control groups 1 to 6 in example 2;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing experimental data on the Total Phosphorus (TP) removal rate of the experimental group 1 and the control groups 1 to 6 in example 2.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should have the ordinary meanings as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise defined.

Example 1

Taking a certain landscape pond transformation project in Dongyang city, jinhua city as an example, the water area purification area is 1300m2, and the average water depth is 1.5m.

Step 1: matrix engineering

Draining water and removing impurities: and (3) placing the sewage pump in the deepest part of the water body for draining, controlling the water level to be 30cm, removing pollutants and weeds in the water body, and transferring the fishes in the water body.

Bottom mud modification: a gravel filter material with the thickness of 10cm is paved at the bottom of a water area, a geotechnical filter screen with the specification of 200g/m < 2 > is additionally arranged in the whole water area, and finally sandy soil with the thickness of 30cm is paved. The gravel, the geotechnical filter screen and the sandy soil are all commercially available commodities, the sandy soil is neutral, and the pH value is 7.

Activating bottom sludge: after bottom mud is transformed, 40mL/m3 of biological oxidant of potassium bisulfate and 10mL/m3 of calcium peroxide additive are put in every 5 days, three times of biological oxidant and 10mL/m3 of calcium peroxide additive are put in, 1.0kg/L concentration algicidal solution is prepared by water for splashing, the bacteria is an oligooxydomonas strain KT48 (the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 22722), and cyanobacterial bloom is controlled.

Step 2: water body three-dimensional ecological engineering restoration

Arranging aquatic plants in multiple layers: 6 days after the improvement of the substrate, aerating for 2 days until the pH value is reduced to about 8; in a water area with the water depth less than 1.5m, commercial royal poynia is used as a floating plant, a seedling throwing planting method is adopted for planting, the configured area accounts for 8 percent of the total water area, and the configured density is 2 plants/m < 2 >; in a water area with the water depth of 1.5-2 m, improved evergreen short tape grass is used as a submerged plant, the submerged plant is planted by adopting a method of covering soil and covering roots, the configuration area accounts for 75 percent of the total water area, the plant height is 15-26 cm, the configuration density is 12 plants/cluster, and the cluster/m 2 is 15; 5 ecological floating islands with the area of 70m < 2 > are constructed in a water area with the water depth of more than 2.0m, and the total area of the ecological floating islands accounts for 27 percent of the area of the whole water area; the floating island is constructed by mainly selecting high-density polyethylene plates, nylon grids and PVC pipes to construct 5 circular frames, fixing the periphery of each frame at the bottom of a lake by 4 sets of Q195 hot-dip galvanized steel pipes (DN 40 x 2.5), fixing the upper parts of the frames by using a hard foam material, arranging 20 holes with the aperture of 8cm on the outer layer, transplanting the pennisetum copulatum with soil in sequence, arranging 25 holes with the aperture of 5cm on the inner layer, and transplanting aquatic iris tectorum and green myriophyllum with soil in a staggered manner.

Further, the improvement method of the short tape grass comprises the following steps: (1) planting the dwarf tape grass in a blue algae solution, and replacing 30 percent of the blue algae solution (more than 1000 ten thousand per liter) every day; (2) screening: screening out dominant species from the step (1), wherein the dominant species are large-size tape grass with good growth form; (3) repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the total time is 180 days; (4) and (3) stabilizing: and (4) putting the tape grass obtained in the step (3) into a blue algae water body, and stably culturing for 180 days to obtain the improved dwarf tape grass.

Putting zooplankton: after the aquatic plants are planted, water is fed, the water level is controlled to be about 0.7m, domesticated daphnia magna is put in 6 times, and the total putting amount is 120mL/m & lt 3 & gt, so that algae in the water body can be prevented. After 10 days, the transparency of the water body basically reaches about 1m, and the water level is increased by 2 times until the water level reaches the normal water level.

The daphnia magna domestication method comprises the following steps:

(1) domestication and diet therapy feeding: feeding domesticated foodstuff into a daphnia magna pool, wherein the domesticated foodstuff is blue algae solution (more than 1000 ten thousand per liter) and brown sugar solution (50 percent concentration);

(2) screening: selecting dominant species from the daphnia magna fed with the domesticated foodstuff in the step (1), wherein the dominant species are daphnia magna which is long and excellent in growth form and large in individual;

(3) repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the total time is 90 days for the daphnia magna screened in the step (2);

(4) and (4) putting the daphnia magna obtained in the step (3) into a domestication pool, and stably culturing for more than 45 days to obtain the domesticated daphnia magna.

And (3) submerged plant reseeding: and (4) replanting the early-stage missed seeds by adopting a seedling throwing planting mode, and simultaneously adjusting the distribution of local aquatic weeds.

Putting aquatic animals: after the submerged plants are planted, the system is operated for 30 days, and after the submerged plants grow and flourish gradually, weever, freshwater shrimp and periwinkle aquatic animals are put in the system to improve the food chain, wherein the putting density of the weever is 0.6g/L; the feeding density of the freshwater shrimps is 0.4g/L; the feeding density of the periwinkle snails is 0.4g/L.

And step 3: water landscape lifting

Mounting landscape lamps at the position 30cm away from the bank side along the water area on the inner side of the revetment; 4 garbage collectors are arranged at the side of the water area and 5 mosquito killing lamps are arranged on the bank of the water area; meanwhile, a landscape fountain 2 sleeve is arranged in the center of the water area.

And 4, step 4: operation maintenance management of integral ecological system

Periodically monitoring the nitrogen and phosphorus content change of the water body during the operation period of the integral ecological system; regularly monitoring the growth conditions of plankton and aquatic plants, timely cleaning garbage on the water surface, and pruning aquatic weeds; and circularly maintaining the whole ecological system until the ecological system enters a self-maintenance stage.

The ecosystem is started according to the main steps, the operation is carried out for 2 months, the monitoring is carried out in the landscape pond before and after the operation, and the specific monitoring data are shown in a table 1. According to the following results, the water quality in the landscape pond is obviously improved, the water quality transparency is obviously improved, the eutrophication degree is greatly weakened, the I-type water standard can be maintained for a long time, ecological restoration is realized, and meanwhile, multi-level overwater and underwater vegetation construction is realized, so that the landscape effect is effectively improved.

TABLE 1 Water quality monitoring results before and after ecosystem operation

Example 2

The test is carried out in an aquarium (the volume is 50L), the zooplankton selected in the test is daphnia magna after long-term domestication, the submerged plant is modified dwarf tape grass, the aquatic animal is weever, freshwater shrimp and treponema annulatum, and the microbial preparation is an algicidal bacterium solution prepared from an oligomonas bacterium KT48 (the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 22722). Firstly, shells of weever, freshwater shrimp and periwinkle and roots of tape grass are carefully cleaned, so that the interference to the test is avoided. Then soaking the tape grass in 1 per mill potassium permanganate solution for 8-10 min to remove harmful microorganisms on the surface of the plant; the aquatic animals are aerated and cultured for at least one week for standby, and water is changed every 2d during the period, so that the original pollutants are removed as much as possible. The biological feeding density of daphnia magna, tape grass, weever, freshwater shrimp, treponema annulatum and algae-lysing bacteria liquid is respectively 100g/L,180g/L,36g/L,50g/L,24g/L and 300g/L, and the influence of feeding single-culture and mixed-culture organisms on the restoration of the eutrophic water body is researched.

14 aquariums (labels and water level lines) are put into soil to surround one circle, then 30L (TN: 4mg/L and TP:0.4 mg/L) of eutrophic water is put into the soil circle, 1 experimental group and 6 control groups are arranged, two groups are parallel, the temperature of a test field is 23-25 ℃, the test period is 28 days, sampling is carried out every two days, and analysis of each physical and chemical index is completed.

Experimental group 1: the mixed culture of plants, animals and microorganisms. Firstly adding algae (chlorella, the initial algae density is 3.25 multiplied by 106/mL and is used for simulating a natural environment water body) into the eutrophic water body, then adding daphnia magna, weever, freshwater shrimp, treponema annulatum and algae-dissolving bacteria liquid, the densities of the daphnia magna, weever, freshwater shrimp, treponema annulatum and algae-dissolving bacteria liquid are respectively 100g/L,36g/L,50g/L,24g/L and 300g/L, and finally transplanting the tape grass on the soil, wherein the density is 180g/L.

Control group 1: the plants are singly raised. Firstly, adding chlorella (the initial algae density is 3.25 multiplied by 106/mL and is used for simulating a natural environment water body) into the eutrophic water body, and then planting tape grass on the soil, wherein the density is 180g/L.

Control group 2: the animals are singly raised. Firstly adding chlorella into eutrophic water (the initial algae density is 3.25 multiplied by 106/mL and is used for simulating water body in natural environment), and then adding daphnia magna, weever, freshwater shrimp and treponema annulate, wherein the densities are 100g/L,36g/L,50g/L and 24g/L respectively.

Control group 3: and (5) singly culturing the microorganisms. Firstly adding chlorella (the initial algae density is 3.25 multiplied by 106/mL and is used for simulating a natural environment water body) into the eutrophic water body, and then adding algae-dissolving bacteria liquid with the density of 300g/L.

Control group 4: and (4) mixedly culturing plants and animals. Firstly adding chlorella (the initial algae density is 3.25 multiplied by 106/mL and is used for simulating a natural environment water body) into the eutrophic water body, then adding daphnia magna, weever, freshwater shrimp and treponema annulate with the densities of 100g/L,36g/L,50g/L and 24g/L respectively, and finally planting tape grass on the soil with the density of 180g/L.

Control group 5: plant and microorganism mixed culture. Firstly adding chlorella (the initial algae density is 3.25 multiplied by 106/mL and is used for simulating a natural environment water body) into the eutrophic water body, then adding algae-dissolving bacterium liquid with the density of 300g/L, and finally transplanting the eel grass on the soil with the density of 180g/L.

Control group 6: animal and microorganism mixed culture. Firstly adding chlorella into eutrophic water (the initial algae density is 3.25 multiplied by 106/mL and is used for simulating water body in natural environment), and then adding daphnia magna, weever, freshwater shrimp, treponema annulatum and algae-dissolving bacteria liquid, wherein the densities of the water are 100g/L,36g/L,50g/L,24g/L and 300g/L respectively.

As can be seen from figures 3 and 4, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of 14 aquariums are monitored, and the results show that: after the ecosystem is 28d, the removal rate of the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the water body is about 53.50 percent and 52.50 percent by only adding the tape grass; the removal rate of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body is about 12.25 percent and 17.50 percent only by adding aquatic animals such as daphnia magna, weever, freshwater shrimp, treponema annulata and the like; the removal rate of the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the water body is about 26.00 percent and 27.50 percent by only putting the algicidal bacteria liquid. The removal rate of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body is about 70.50 percent and 77.50 percent by putting the eel grass, the daphnia magna, the weever, the freshwater shrimp, the treponema annulate and the like; the removal rate of the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the water body by putting the tape grass and the algae dissolving bacteria liquid is about 84.00 percent and 85.00 percent; the removal rate of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body by adding algae-lysing bacteria liquid, daphnia magna, weever, freshwater shrimp, treponema and other aquatic animals is about 43.00 percent and 47.50 percent.

Compared with the removal effects of the control group 1-6 of single-organism culture and the two-organism mixed culture, the experimental group 1 (the three-organism mixed culture of plants, animals and microorganisms) has the best water quality condition under the operation of 28 days, the water transparency is good, and the removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus are the highest and respectively reach 91.75% and 90.00%. The compound ecological system is complete, the submerged plant can adapt to the environment, and the submerged plant and the daphnia magna jointly play the functions of decontaminating and inhibiting algae, the invention achieves the purification effect on eutrophic water, and the symbiotic environment of the submerged plant (tape grass), aquatic animals (fish, shrimp, snail and daphnia magna) and microorganisms (algae-dissolving bacteria solution prepared by the oligooxygen single-cell strain) promotes the stable growth of animals and plants, thereby forming an ecological balance aquatic ecological environment.

Therefore, in the ecological restoration capacity of various combinations on the eutrophic water body, the biological mixed culture is stronger than the biological single culture, and the plant restoration capacity is strongest in the single culture, namely the plant + animal + microorganism > plant + animal > plant + microorganism > animal.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the spirit of the present disclosure, features from the above embodiments or from different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present description as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

It is intended that the one or more embodiments of the present specification embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A construction method for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of eutrophic water is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Matrix modification: the method comprises the steps of draining water, removing impurities, modifying bottom mud and activating the bottom mud, wherein the step of activating the bottom mud comprises the step of adding a biological oxidant, a calcium additive and a microbial preparation;

(2) Three-dimensional ecological engineering restoration of a water body: comprises the steps of laying aquatic plants in multiple levels, putting zooplankton, reseeding submerged plants and putting aquatic animals;

(3) Lifting the water landscape;

(4) And (5) operating, maintaining and managing the whole ecological system.

2. The method for ecologically restoring the eutrophic water body and improving the landscape according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of draining and impurity removing is to level the bottom of the pond, remove pollutants and weeds in the water body and transfer fish in the water body; the bottom mud is improved by paving filter materials, additionally arranging a geotechnical filter screen and planting soil in the whole water area.

3. The method for constructing ecological restoration and landscape enhancement of an eutrophic water body according to claim 2, wherein the filter material is zeolite, volcanic rock and/or gravel; the planting soil is sandy soil, clayey soil and/or loam.

4. The method for constructing ecological restoration and landscape enhancement of an eutrophic water body according to claim 1, wherein the biological oxidant is oxone, chlorine dioxide and/or potassium ferrate; the calcium additive is calcium peroxide, quicklime and/or dolomite; the microbial preparation is aerobic bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria and/or algicidal bacteria liquid.

5. The method for constructing ecological restoration and landscape enhancement of an eutrophic water body according to claim 1, wherein the multi-level arrangement of the aquatic plants in the step (2) specifically comprises:

after the substrate is improved for 5 to 7 days, aerating for 1 to 2 days until the pH value is reduced to 7 to 9, and laying aquatic plants in a multi-layer way: laying floating-leaf plants in a water area with the water depth less than 1.5 m; laying submerged plants in a water area with the water depth of 1.5-2 m; and constructing an ecological floating island in a water area with the water depth of more than 2.0 m.

6. The method for ecologically restoring and improving the landscape of an eutrophic water body according to claim 5, wherein the floating-leaf plants are poynthoa tinctoria, lotus and/or Trapa taihu; the submerged plant is improved short tape grass, hydrilla verticillata and/or elodea nutans.

7. The method for ecological restoration and landscape enhancement of an eutrophic water body according to claim 5, wherein the ecological floating island construction specifically comprises: the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming a round or square frame by punching a high-density polyethylene plate, a nylon grid and PVC pipes, fixing the periphery of the frame at the bottom of a lake by using steel pipes, fixing a hard foam material at the upper part of the frame, and planting aquatic plants for purifying water quality in holes to form an ecological floating island; the aquatic plant is myriophyllum viridis, aquatic iris tectorum and/or copper cash.

8. The method for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of an eutrophic water body according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of feeding zooplankton comprises the following specific steps: throwing the zooplankton for 4-10 times, wherein the zooplankton is daphnia magna, brachionus armeniaca and/or domesticated daphnia magna; the submerged plant reseeding in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: after finishing the feeding of the zooplankton, the water level of the water body is lifted for 2-3 times until reaching the normal water level, the early-stage seed leakage part is replanted by adopting a seedling throwing planting mode, and meanwhile, the distribution of local aquatic weeds is adjusted.

9. The method for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of an eutrophic water body according to claim 1, wherein the aquatic animals are thrown after the completion of reseeding by submerged plants in step (2) and the operation of the system is carried out for 15 to 45 days; the aquatic animals include fish, shrimp and snail; the fish is silver carp, bighead carp and/or weever; the shrimps are freshwater shrimps, prawns and/or white shrimps; the snails are periwinkle snails, periwinkle snails and/or viviparidae.

10. The method for ecological restoration and landscape enhancement of an eutrophic water body according to claim 1, wherein the landscape enhancement in water in the step (3) is specifically: installing landscape lamps, garbage collectors, mosquito killing lamps and landscape fountains; the operation, maintenance and management of the integral ecological system in the step (4) are specifically as follows: periodically monitoring the nitrogen and phosphorus content change of the water body during the operation of the integral ecological system; regularly monitoring the growth conditions of plankton and aquatic plants, cleaning garbage on the water surface, and trimming waterweeds; and circularly carrying out maintenance work on the whole ecological system until the ecological system enters a self-maintenance stage.

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