CN108377944B - Ecological breeding and feeding method for swimming crabs - Google Patents
Ecological breeding and feeding method for swimming crabs Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological breeding and feeding method of portunids, which has the technical scheme key points that the method comprises the following steps: s1: the parent crab is preferred; s2: pretreating a culture pond; s3: adding pool water; s4: putting parent crabs into a culture pond; s5, controlling the water temperature to gradually rise; s6: setting a temperature compensation area C for the parent crabs with the retarded development; s7: starting a temperature compensation area; s8: hanging the parent crabs into a cage for spawning after all the parent crabs are in an egg-carrying state and the color of the eggs is consistent, and obtaining crab eggs which are synchronously output; s9: preparing living body bait; s10, cultivating flea larvae; s11: a larval feeding stage; s12: in the young crab feeding stage, the reasonable control of the temperature, the water quality environment and the feed of the water in the culture pond is achieved, the large-scale whole process of the swimming crab culture is realized, and the yield of the swimming crab culture is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine product culture, in particular to an ecological breeding and feeding method for swimming crabs.
Background
Portunus trituberculatus, commonly known as portunus trituberculatus, portunus trituberculatus,Sea crab、Sea crabWidely distributed in Liaoning China,Hebei river、Tianjin、Shandong (mountain east)Jiangsu, Jiangsu,Zhejiang riverIn the ocean areas of Fujian province, generallyFrom south to north, 3-5 months and 9-10 months are production peak seasons,bohai Bay Liaodong half IslandThe yield is high in 4-5 months. The blue crab is one of important export marketable goods in China.
The prior Chinese patent with the reference publication number of CN106106285A discloses a pond natural ecological breeding method of portunids. The method comprises the processes of setting a culture pond, preparing a culture in the early stage, putting in culture seedlings, processing the culture seedlings in the middle and later stages, daily managing and fishing the pond and the like, wherein the putting in of the culture seedlings further comprises stocking of shellfish seedlings, stocking of swimming crab seedlings in the swimming crab culture pond, stocking of grass carp and stocking of shrimp seedlings.
The existing swimming crab cultivation is mainly that culturists naturally and ecologically cultivate swimming crabs in own ponds, the cultivation mode greatly limits the mass production of the swimming crabs, and simultaneously, the uniform quality of the swimming crabs is not easy to guarantee, the cultivation mode is not beneficial to the scale production of the whole swimming crabs, the cultivation process is standardized, and the improvement of the scale cultivation of the swimming crab cultivation is always a problem in the field of the swimming crab cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological breeding and feeding method for portunids, which achieves reasonable control on the temperature, the water quality environment and the feed of water in a culture pond, realizes the whole-process large-scale breeding of the portunids and greatly improves the yield of the portunids.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a swimming crab ecological breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1: the parent crab is preferably selected: catching female crabs without spawning in the sea from 3 months and 10 days to 15 days, and catching the spawned crabs from 5 months and 15 days to 6 months and 1 day;
s2: pretreating a culture pond, dividing the culture pond into two areas AB, paving fine sand in the area A, and paving no sand in the area B;
s3: adding pond water, and injecting culture water into the culture pond, wherein the specific gravity of the culture water is 1.020, and the initial temperature is 8 ℃;
s4: putting parent crabs into a culture pond, wherein parent crabs which do not carry eggs are put into the area A, and parent crabs which carry eggs are put into the area B;
s5, controlling the water temperature to gradually rise, wherein the temperature of the parent crabs which do not bear eggs in the area A is raised to 19.5-20.5 ℃ from 8 ℃ every day, the water temperature in the area B is firstly kept at 8 ℃ for 2-3 days, the temperature is raised to 0.5 ℃ every day and is raised to 20 ℃, and meanwhile, raising personnel continuously transfer the parent crabs which have carried eggs from the area A to the area B;
s6: setting a temperature compensation area C for the parent crabs with retarded development, putting the parent crabs with retarded development into the temperature compensation area C, and controlling the temperature of the temperature compensation area C to rise by 0.5 ℃ every day, wherein the upper limit of the temperature compensation area is 23 ℃;
s7: after the temperature compensation area is started, observing the state of the parent crabs in the temperature compensation area C in the morning and evening every day, and transferring to the area B after the color of eggs and the embryo heartbeat are synchronous with the parent crabs in the area B;
s8: hanging the parent crabs into a cage for spawning after all the parent crabs are in an egg-carrying state and the color of the eggs is consistent, and obtaining crab eggs which are synchronously output;
s9: preparation of live body bait:
selecting rotifers, fairy shrimp and copepods for living culture and use, and using the rotifers, the fairy shrimp and the copepods as living baits;
s10 cultivation of flea larvae: dividing the flea larvae into flea I stage for 3 days, flea II stage for 2 days, flea III stage for 3 days and flea IV stage for 3 days according to time, and feeding living baits and matched baits;
s11: feeding the megalopas: feeding the megalopae with the reinforced living biological bait, wherein the megalopae stage lasts for 3-4 days;
s12: and (3) young crab feeding stage: comprises a young crab stage I feeding stage and a young crab stage II feeding stage, wherein the period of the young crab stage I feeding stage lasts for 3 days, and the period of the young crab stage II feeding stage lasts for 2 days.
Through the technical scheme, the temperature, the water quality environment and the feed of the water in the culture pond are reasonably controlled, so that the process from the parent crab spawning to the second stage of the juvenile crab can be well controlled, the whole process scale in the swimming crab culture process is ensured through the division of stages, and the swimming crab culture yield is greatly improved.
Preferably, in S9, the rotifer bait preparation:
the rotifer is primarily cultured by adopting an outdoor soil pond for culturing the rotifer, spirulina cultured in the pond is taken as food, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the salinity is 28, and the rotifer is reinforced by adding the composite alga reinforcing composition into the pond;
preparation of fairy shrimp bait:
hatching and strengthening fairy shrimp nauplii: putting the shelled fairy shrimp eggs into seawater, incubating for 24h, collecting fairy shrimp nauplii, and strengthening the grown fairy shrimp nauplii by adopting a composite alga strengthening composition until the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope;
preparing a fairy shrimp adult: strengthening the adult fairy shrimp by adopting the composite alga strengthening composition, wherein the aim that the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope is taken as the standard;
preparing copepods bait: the composite alga strengthening composition is adopted to strengthen copepods, and the condition that the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope is taken as the standard.
Preferably, the copepods feed is sorted and sieved after being enriched with nutrients and is divided into three specifications of 0.5-0.9mm, 0.9-1.3mm and 1.3-2 mm.
Preferably, the compound bait comprises shrimp slices, Japanese beetles, algae powder and yeast, wherein the mass ratio of the compound bait is as follows: the Japanese vehicle is: algae powder: yeast 20: 3-7: 1-3: 2-4.
Preferably, in S10:
in stage I of flea larva, the temperature is controlled at 24 ℃, 1 rotifer (2-3 rotifers/ml) is fed every 4 hours in the day, and 0.8-1.2g/m of compound bait is fed every 4 hours at night31 day before metamorphosis, water is supplemented and water body disinfection is carried out;
in stage II of flea larva, controlling water temperature at 24.5 deg.C, feeding rotifer 1 time every 4 hr in day to match with fairy shrimp nauplius, feeding rotifer at density of 4-6/ml, feeding fairy shrimp nauplius with 1 time of matching bait 1.2-1.8g/m every 4 hr at night3The last day of water treatmentSterilizing the body;
controlling the water temperature of flea larva at the III stage at 24.5 ℃, feeding 1 fairy shrimp nauplius every 4 hours in the day, taking the residual of the flea larva after eating for 2 hours as the standard, gradually adding copepods with the size of 0.5-0.9mm, taking the residual of the flea larva after eating for 2 hours, and feeding 1 matched bait 1.8-2.2g/m every 4 hours at night3Supplementing water and disinfecting the water body in the last day;
controlling water temperature of flea larva at 25 deg.C in IV stage, feeding copepods of 0.9-1.3mm every 4 hr in daytime, feeding matched bait 2.5g/m every 4 hr at night for 1 time based on the remaining flea larva after eating for 2 hr3And feeding 1.3-2mm copepods in the last 1 day.
Preferably, in S12, the first step,
and (3) during the I stage of feeding the young crabs: feeding the reinforced adult fairy shrimp at 26 ℃ for 1 time every 2 hours in the day, and sterilizing the water body;
and (3) feeding the young crabs in the II stage: feeding the reinforced adult fairy shrimp at 27 deg.C for 1 time every 2 hours, changing water every day and sterilizing water body.
Preferably, the composite alga strengthening composition comprises the iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina and schizochytrium limacinum powder, and the adding amount of the iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina and the schizochytrium limacinum powder in the composite alga strengthening composition is 1-4x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10g/L-20 g/L.
Preferably, in the rotifer strengthening process, the adding amount of each component in the composite alga strengthening composition is specifically Dunaliella iodiploca 2x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 20 g/L;
the specific adding amount of the compound alga strengthening composition for strengthening the fairy shrimp nauplii is Dunaliella galbana 1x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10 g/L;
iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina 2x10 in fairy shrimp adult fortification6cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 20 g/L.
Preferably, the copepod bait nutrition-enriched iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina 1x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10 g/L.
Preferably, in S11, the larval feeding stage: the water temperature is controlled at 25.5 ℃, 1 adult fairy shrimp is fed every 2 hours in the day, and 1 adult fairy shrimp is fed every 6 hours in cooperation with bait feeding.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. along with the continuous metamorphosis of the larvae, the mouth organs of the larvae become bigger and bigger, so that the size of the live baits fed by the larvae is continuously adjusted from the rotifers to the fairy worms to the copepods, and the baits can meet the palatability requirements of the flea larvae in different development stages;
2. before the rotifer, fairy shrimp and copepod baits are put in, strengthening treatment is carried out, and after the treatment, the rotifer, fairy shrimp and copepod baits are filled with compound algae, so that the nutrient substances of the live baits are richer, and the growth requirements of flea larvae are further met;
3. the selection of the compound algae also considers the balance of trace elements required by the growth of the flea larvae, and the selection of the iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina can reduce the illness probability of the flea larvae because the iodine element has good sterilization effect;
4. through the accurate control of the temperature, the parent crabs can have good temperature accumulation, the parent crabs can easily bear eggs through the temperature accumulation, and the parent crabs which already bear eggs can have good development environment through the gradual temperature accumulation, so that the eggs are healthier to develop, and the survival rate of the eggs is improved;
5. the design of the temperature compensation area further enables the parent crabs with the required temperature accumulation or insufficient nutrition to have good buffering and adjusting time, all the parent crabs can have good temperature accumulation in the egg-carrying process, and the egg-laying quality of the parent crabs can be ensured in the temperature accumulation process;
6. the parent crabs can synchronously lay eggs, so that the parent crabs can not only be conveniently and uniformly managed by feeding personnel, but also the survival rate of the eggs can be greatly improved if the laid eggs enter water at the same time, the problem of mutual cannibalism caused by asynchronous metamorphosis of the larvae can be avoided, the phenomenon is the most common situation in cultivation under a natural state, and the synchronous laying is avoided to the greatest extent;
7. the water body in the culture pond is continuously replaced, residual baits and excrement in the water are continuously cleaned and seawater is supplemented, and the contents of trace elements in the water body for culturing the crabs can be continuously adjusted, so that parent crabs can have a good culture environment, the development and growth of the parent crabs are promoted, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
The Nissan Yuan is a mixed shrimp feed from Yuan from Japan, and the rest is purchased from the market.
Example 1: a swimming crab ecological breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1: the parent crab is preferably selected: catching female crabs without spawning in the sea from 3 months to 10 days to 15 days;
s2: pretreating the culture pond to 20m2The cultivation pond with the area and the water surface height of 1m is divided into two areas AB, fine sand is paved in the area A, and sand is not paved in the area B;
s3: adding pond water, and injecting culture water into the culture pond, wherein the specific gravity of the culture water is 1.020, and the initial temperature is 8 ℃;
s4: putting parent crabs into a culture pond, wherein parent crabs which do not carry eggs are put into the area A, and parent crabs which carry eggs are put into the area B;
s5, controlling the water temperature to gradually rise, wherein the temperature of the parent crabs which do not bear eggs in the area A is raised to 19.5 ℃ from 8 ℃ every day, the water temperature in the area B is firstly kept at 8 ℃ for 2 days, the temperature is raised to 20 ℃ every day by 0.5 ℃, and the raising personnel continuously transfer the parent crabs which have born eggs from the area A to the area B during the period;
s6: setting a temperature compensation area C for the parent crabs with retarded development, putting the parent crabs with retarded development into the temperature compensation area C, and controlling the temperature of the temperature compensation area C to rise by 0.5 ℃ every day, wherein the upper limit of the temperature compensation area is 23 ℃;
s7: after the temperature compensation area is started, observing the state of the parent crabs in the temperature compensation area C in the morning and evening every day, and transferring to the area B after the color of eggs and the embryo heartbeat are synchronous with the parent crabs in the area B;
s8: hanging the parent crabs into a cage for spawning after all the parent crabs are in an egg-carrying state and the color of the eggs is consistent, and obtaining crab eggs which are synchronously output;
s9: preparation of live body bait:
selecting rotifer, fairy shrimp and copepod animals for living culture and taking the rotifer, fairy shrimp and copepod animals as living baits;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) performing preliminary culture of rotifers, wherein the rotifers are preliminarily cultured in an outdoor soil pond, spirulina cultured in the pond is eaten at a temperature of 25 ℃ and a salinity of 28, and the rotifers are strengthened by adding a composite alga strengthening composition into the pond;
preparation of fairy shrimp bait:
hatching and strengthening fairy shrimp nauplii: putting the eggs of the Toyota kummensis into seawater with the salinity of 28 ℃, controlling the temperature at 28 ℃, inflating, collecting the nauplii of the Toyota kummensis after incubation for 24 hours, and strengthening the grown nauplii of the Toyota kummer by adopting a composite alga strengthening composition, wherein the composite alga strengthening composition comprises iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina and schizochytrium powder, and the adding amount of the iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina and the schizochytrium powder in the composite alga strengthening composition is 1x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10g/L, temperature control at 28 deg.C, salinity of 28 aeration, strengthening for 2h, until the intestinal tract is full of algae under the microscope;
preparing adult fairy shrimp bait: strengthening the fairy shrimp adults by adopting the composite algae strengthening composition, controlling the temperature at 28 ℃, controlling the salinity at 28 ℃, filling oxygen, strengthening for 2 hours, and observing that the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope;
preparation of copepods bait
Strengthening by adopting a composite algae strengthening composition, controlling the temperature at 13 ℃, controlling the salinity at 10, filling oxygen, strengthening for 2 hours, and observing that the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope; sorting and sieving the strengthened bait, and dividing the strengthened bait into three specifications of 0.5-0.9mm, 0.9-1.3mm and 1.3-2 mm;
s10 cultivation of flea larvae: dividing the flea larvae into flea I stage 3 days, flea II stage 2 days, flea III stage 3 days and flea IV stage 3 days according to time, and feeding living baits and compound baits, wherein the compound baits comprise prawn slices, Japanese neurons, algae powder and yeast, and the mass ratio of the compound baits is specifically the prawn slices: the Japanese vehicle is: algae powder: yeast 20: 3: 1: 2, the specific operation is as follows:
the water temperature of flea larva in the first stage is controlled at 24 ℃, the specific gravity of the water body is 1.020, 1 rotifer is fed every 4 hours in the day for 2 rotifers/ml, and the matched bait is fed every 4 hours at night for 1 time of 0.8-1.2g/m31 day before metamorphosis, 10cm of water is supplemented in the morning, and 1ppm of oxytetracycline hydrochloride is sprinkled for water body disinfection;
the water temperature of flea larvae in the II stage is controlled at 24.5 ℃, the specific gravity of water body is 1.020, 1 rotifer matched with fairy shrimp nauplius is fed every 4 hours in the day, the feeding amount of the rotifer is 4/ml, the fairy shrimp is fed until 2 hours after eating the fairy shrimp have residues, 1 matched bait is fed every 4 hours at night for 1 time, and the water temperature is controlled at 1.2g/m3Adding water for 10cm in the morning and sprinkling 1ppm of Zhongren gold iodine to disinfect the water body in the last day;
the water temperature of flea larvae in the III period is controlled at 24.5 ℃, the specific gravity of water body is 1.020, 1 fairy shrimp nauplius larva is fed every 4 hours in the day, the fairy shrimp feeding is based on the fact that 2 hours after eating the flea larvae have residues, meanwhile, 0.5-0.9mm of radius-foot bait is added, the radius-foot bait feeding is based on the fact that 2 hours after eating the flea larvae have residues, and 1 time of matched bait is fed every 4 hours at night, wherein 1.8g/m of bait is fed3Adding 10cm of water 1 day before metamorphosis in the morning, and sprinkling 0.3ppm of potassium permanganate to disinfect the water body;
in the IV stage of flea larvae, the water temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, the specific gravity of water body is 1.020, 0.9-1.3mm of copepods bait is fed every 4 hours in the day, the copepods bait is fed for 2 hours after eating until the residue is remained, and 2.5g/m of matched bait is fed every 4 hours at night for 1 time3Feeding copepods of 1.3-2mm in the last 1 day;
s11: feeding the megalopas: feeding the megalopas with the strengthened living biological bait, wherein the megalopas lasts for 3 days, the water temperature is controlled at 25.5 ℃, 1 adult fairy shrimp is fed every 2 hours in the day, the fairy shrimp is fed until 2 hours after eating, and the adult fairy shrimp is fed every 6 hours for 1 time by matching with the bait;
s12: and (3) young crab feeding stage: the method comprises a juvenile crab stage I feeding stage and a juvenile crab stage II feeding stage, wherein the juvenile crab stage I feeding stage lasts for 3 days, the juvenile crab stage II feeding stage lasts for 2 days, and the specific culture mode is as follows:
and (3) during the I stage of feeding the young crabs: feeding the reinforced adult fairy shrimp as a food, feeding the adult fairy shrimp bait for 2 hours after eating the bait, controlling the water temperature at 26 ℃, feeding the adult fairy shrimp for 1 time every 2 hours in the daytime, changing water for 30cm every day, and sprinkling 0.8ppm of potassium permanganate for water body disinfection;
and (3) feeding the young crabs in the II stage: feeding the reinforced adult fairy shrimp for 1 time every 2 hours at the water temperature of 27 ℃, changing water for 40cm every day, sprinkling 1ppm of oxytetracycline hydrochloride for water body disinfection, and taking the young crab out of the pool the second day in the second stage.
Example 2: in the process of rotifer strengthening, the adding amount of each component in the composite alga strengthening composition is specifically Dunaliella iodiploca 2x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 20 g/L;
the specific adding amount of the compound alga strengthening composition for strengthening the fairy shrimp nauplii is Dunaliella galbana 1x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10 g/L;
iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina 2x10 in fairy shrimp adult fortification6cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 20 g/L;
enriched iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina 1x10 as food for copepods6cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10g/L, the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3: a swimming crab ecological breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1: the egg-carrying crabs caught from 5 months and 15 days to 6 months and 1 day;
s2: pretreating the culture pond to 20m2The cultivation pond with the area and the water surface height of 1m is divided into two areas AB, fine sand is paved in the area A, and sand is not paved in the area B;
s3: adding pond water, and injecting culture water into the culture pond, wherein the specific gravity of the culture water is 1.020, and the initial temperature is 8 ℃;
s4: putting parent crabs into a culture pond, and putting the parent crabs which have carried eggs into a region B;
s5, keeping the water temperature in the area B at 8 ℃ for 3 days, and raising the temperature to 20 ℃ by 0.5 ℃ every day;
s6: setting a temperature compensation area C for the parent crabs with retarded development, putting the parent crabs with retarded development into the temperature compensation area C, and controlling the temperature of the temperature compensation area C to rise by 0.5 ℃ every day, wherein the upper limit of the temperature compensation area is 23 ℃;
s7: after the temperature compensation area is started, observing the state of the parent crabs in the temperature compensation area C twice a day in the morning and at night, and transferring to the area B after the color of eggs and the embryo heartbeat are synchronous with the parent crabs in the area B;
s8: and (3) hanging the crabs in a cage for spawning after all parent crabs are in an egg-carrying state and the color of the eggs is consistent, so as to obtain crab eggs which are synchronously output, and the rest is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Table I shows the statistics of the variations of examples 4 to 7, which are otherwise the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1: the swimming crabs are bred by a natural ecological breeding method from the egg-carrying.
Monitoring experiment of different stages of larva
Selecting 16 ponds corresponding to one example or comparative example (the data are the average value of the two ponds), hanging one pair of parent crabs in each pond, and enabling the pond volume to be 20m3。
And the second table is a statistical table for showing key growth indexes of each stage of the juvenile crabs.
Through the discovery of the table, through the accurate control to the juvenile crab breed, the egg laying amount of letting parent crab and the survival rate of ovum can both increase by a wide margin, the flea larval of high survival rate can let the juvenile crab the time of second phase out of the pond volume more simultaneously, through the growth phase of reasonable accurate control swimming crab, can make things convenient for operating personnel to manage, let most of larval all be in same metamorphosis stage simultaneously, be in the condition of the larva of metamorphosis stage and be difficult to the cannibalism of each other, this is also that the juvenile crab second phase goes out of the pond weight and is far higher than ordinary breed's reason.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A swimming crab ecological seedling raising method is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
s1: the parent crab is preferably selected: catching female crabs without spawning in the sea from 3 months and 10 days to 15 days, and catching the spawned crabs from 5 months and 15 days to 6 months and 1 day;
s2: pretreating a culture pond, dividing the culture pond into two areas AB, paving fine sand in the area A, and paving no sand in the area B;
s3: adding pond water, and injecting culture water into the culture pond, wherein the specific gravity of the culture water is 1.020, and the initial temperature is 8 ℃;
s4: putting parent crabs into a culture pond, wherein parent crabs which do not carry eggs are put into the area A, and parent crabs which carry eggs are put into the area B;
s5: controlling the water temperature to gradually rise, wherein the temperature of the parent crabs which do not bear eggs in the area A is raised to 19.5-20.5 ℃ from 8 ℃ every day, the water temperature in the area B is firstly kept at 8 ℃ for 2-3 days, the temperature is raised to 0.5 ℃ every day and is raised to 20 ℃, and meanwhile, raising personnel continuously transfer the parent crabs which have born eggs from the area A to the area B;
s6: setting a temperature compensation area C for the parent crabs with retarded development, putting the parent crabs with retarded development into the temperature compensation area C, and controlling the temperature of the temperature compensation area C to rise by 0.5 ℃ every day, wherein the upper limit of the temperature compensation area is 23 ℃;
s7: after the temperature compensation area is started, observing the state of the parent crabs in the temperature compensation area C in the morning and evening every day, and transferring to the area B after the color of eggs and the embryo heartbeat are synchronous with the parent crabs in the area B;
s8: hanging the parent crabs into a cage for spawning after all the parent crabs are in an egg-carrying state and the color of the eggs is consistent, and obtaining crab eggs which are synchronously output;
s9: preparation of live body bait:
selecting rotifers, fairy shrimp and copepods for living culture and use, and using the rotifers, the fairy shrimp and the copepods as living baits;
s10 cultivation of flea larvae: dividing the flea larvae into flea I stage for 3 days, flea II stage for 2 days, flea III stage for 3 days and flea IV stage for 3 days according to time, and feeding living baits and matched baits;
s11: feeding the megalopas: feeding the megalopae with the reinforced living biological bait, wherein the megalopae stage lasts for 3-4 days;
s12: and (3) young crab feeding stage: comprises a young crab stage I feeding stage and a young crab stage II feeding stage, wherein the period of the young crab stage I feeding stage lasts for 3 days, and the period of the young crab stage II feeding stage lasts for 2 days; s9, preparing rotifer bait:
the rotifer is primarily cultured by adopting an outdoor soil pond for culturing the rotifer, spirulina cultured in the pond is taken as food, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the salinity is 28, and the rotifer is reinforced by adding the composite alga reinforcing composition into the pond;
preparation of fairy shrimp bait:
preparing fairy shrimp nauplius: putting the shelled fairy shrimp eggs into seawater, incubating for 24h, collecting fairy shrimp nauplii, and strengthening the grown fairy shrimp nauplii by adopting a composite alga strengthening composition until the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope;
preparing a fairy shrimp adult: strengthening the adult fairy shrimp by adopting the composite alga strengthening composition, wherein the aim that the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope is taken as the standard;
preparation of copepods bait
Reinforcing copepods bait by adopting the composite alga reinforcing composition, wherein the condition that the intestinal tract is full of algae under a microscope is taken as a criterion;
the composite algae strengthening composition comprises iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina and schizochytrium limacinum powder, wherein the adding amount of the iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina and the schizochytrium limacinum powder in the composite algae strengthening composition is 1-4x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10g/L-20 g/L.
2. The swimming crab ecological breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the copepods feed is enriched in nutrients, sorting and sieving are carried out, and the copepods feed is divided into three specifications of 0.5-0.9mm, 0.9-1.3mm and 1.3-2 mm.
3. The swimming crab ecological breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the compound bait comprises shrimp slices, Japanese beetles, algae powder and yeast, wherein the mass ratio of the compound bait is specifically shrimp slices: the Japanese vehicle is: algae powder: yeast = 20: 3-7: 1-3: 2-4.
4. The swimming crab ecological breeding and feeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S10, the first step,
in stage I of flea larva, the temperature is controlled at 24 ℃, 1 rotifer is fed every 4 hours in the day, the feeding density of the rotifer is 2-3/ml, and 0.8-1.2g/m of compound bait is fed every 4 hours at night3Replenishing water and sterilizing a water body 1 day before changing into a normal state;
in stage II of flea larva, controlling water temperature at 24.5 ℃, feeding 1 round worm matched with fairy shrimp nauplius every 4 hours in the day, wherein the feeding density of the round worm is 4-6/ml, the fairy shrimp nauplius is fed with the residual of the flea larva after eating for 2 hours, and feeding 1 matched bait 1.2-1.8g/m every 4 hours at night3Finally, disinfecting the water body in the last day;
controlling the water temperature of flea larva at the III stage at 24.5 ℃, feeding 1 fairy shrimp nauplius every 4 hours in the day, taking the residual of the flea larva after eating for 2 hours as the standard, gradually adding copepods with the size of 0.5-0.9mm, taking the residual of the flea larva after eating for 2 hours, and feeding 1 matched bait 1.8-2.2g/m every 4 hours at night3Supplementing water and disinfecting the water body in the last day;
controlling water temperature of flea larva at 25 deg.C in IV stage, feeding copepods of 0.9-1.3mm every 4 hr in daytime, feeding matched bait 2.5g/m every 4 hr at night for 1 time based on the remaining flea larva after eating for 2 hr3And feeding 1.3-2mm copepods in the last 1 day.
5. The swimming crab ecological breeding method according to claim 4, wherein the swimming crab ecological breeding method comprises the following steps: in the step S12, the first step,
and (3) during the I stage of feeding the young crabs: feeding the reinforced adult fairy shrimp at 26 ℃ for 1 time every 2 hours in the day, and sterilizing the water body;
and (3) feeding the young crabs in the II stage: feeding the reinforced adult fairy shrimp at 27 deg.C for 1 time every 2 hours, changing water every day and sterilizing water body.
6. The swimming crab ecological breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the process of rotifer strengthening, the adding amount of each component in the composite alga strengthening composition is specifically Dunaliella iodiploca 2x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 20 g/L;
the specific adding amount of the compound alga strengthening composition for strengthening the fairy shrimp nauplii is Dunaliella galbana 1x106cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10 g/L;
iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina 2x10 in fairy shrimp adult fortification6cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 20 g/L.
7. The swimming crab ecological breeding method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: enriched iodine-enriched Dunaliella salina 1x10 as food for copepods6cells/ml, schizochytrium limacinum powder 10 g/L.
8. The swimming crab ecological breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: at S11, larval feeding stage: the water temperature is controlled at 25.5 ℃, 1 adult fairy shrimp is fed every 2 hours in the day, and 1 adult fairy shrimp is fed every 6 hours in cooperation with bait feeding.
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