CN102771420B - Method for breeding hippocampus by using stratified net cage - Google Patents
Method for breeding hippocampus by using stratified net cage Download PDFInfo
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- CN102771420B CN102771420B CN201210242403.8A CN201210242403A CN102771420B CN 102771420 B CN102771420 B CN 102771420B CN 201210242403 A CN201210242403 A CN 201210242403A CN 102771420 B CN102771420 B CN 102771420B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding hippocampus by using a stratified net cage. The method uses the independently designed multiple-layer net cage to meet the necessary conditions of the hippocampus breeding and realize large-scale breeding of hippocampus. The method can realize the composite breeding of hippocampal seedlings, middle-aged hippocampus and parent hippocampus; the breakthrough breeding mode can reduce the technology pressures of hippocampus food supply and inflatable water body to the greatest degree, and greatly reduces the hippocampus breeding cost; at the same time, due to the very stable breeding environment and conditions, the accidental mortality of the hippocampus is reduced to a certain degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hippocampus cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing multiple layer cage culture hippocampus.
Background technology
Hippocampus is the famous and precious medicine source animal that a kind of economic worth is higher, has the title of " southern ginseng "; Meanwhile, hippocampus is with graceful attitude, by global range view and admire fan extreme favor.For a long time, owing to excessive fishing for, the reason such as habitat destruction and environmental pollution, the wild resource of hippocampus is constantly reduced.At present, sustainability utilization and protection to wild hippocampus resource, be the common problem of paying close attention in international coverage.In order to protect hippocampus natural resources, there have been 37 kinds of hippocampus to be put into IUCN endangered species register.But Market of Chinese Materia Medica and pet fish market cause a large amount of wild hippocampus resources to be hunted down to the wilderness demand of hippocampus, and wild hippocampus resource is formed to huge threat.In order to meet the great demand of domestic and international market to hippocampus, hippocampus cultivation has become the hot subject of international concern.Only there are several families in Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian Province in current domestic small-sized hippocampus field, annual production less than 300,000 tails, and still do not set up a set of science, standard and efficient hippocampus breeding way, belong to initial development period, in the world, other country is also so, therefore also just cannot meet the demand of huge medicinal material food products market.
The people such as New Zealand hippocampus biologist Woods once imagined in the cultivation of the outdoor little Chi of carrying out-cycle water hippocampus, but regrettably due to the improvement of breeding water body etc., were restrained, and cultivation density is lower, and the cultivation efficiency of its hippocampus seedling is lower.In general, hippocampus seedling is carried out to Outdoor large-scale cultivation ecological study and rarely have report.
goal of the invention
Of the present invention in order to improve the industrialization cultivation efficiency of hippocampus seedling, reduce aquaculture cost, ecological habit based on domestic and international existing progress and hippocampus seedling, the art of this patent is relied on the China coast large-area compost pool or cement great Chi, utilize the multiple layer net cage of independent design, make it meet the necessary condition of hippocampus cultivation, hippocampus is carried out to large-scale farming; Present technique can be carried out complex culture to hippocampus seedling, middle age hippocampus and parent hippocampus; The aquaculture model that this is breakthrough, has reduced to the full extent to technostress such as the supply of hippocampus bait, water body inflations, greatly reduces hippocampus aquaculture cost; Meanwhile, because breeding environment condition is highly stable, reduced to a certain extent the accident death rate of hippocampus.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The technology of the present invention mainly comprises two parts, the firstth, and global design and layout to the multiple layer of hippocampus cultivation net cage (fish culture net cage and protection net cage), the secondth, to the front standby management of large pool hippocampus cultivation and arrangement transformation.Concrete technical step is as follows:
1, fish culture net cage design
According to the reproductive biology characteristic of hippocampus, the net cage of cultivation hippocampus is unsuitable excessive, and fish culture net cage specification is 4 * 2 * 1.3 m
3(length * wide * height is used the pvc pipe of 4-7cm caliber as net cage frame), mesh size is that 0.1-0.7cm does not wait (according to cultivation hippocampus specification, deciding); Protection network housing-case is peripheral at fish culture net cage, and its specification is 4.5 * 2.5 * 1.5 m
3(length * wide * height), mesh size is 0.5-0.9cm, is mainly used in protecting the large individual fish that may threaten to hippocampus in the large pool, shrimp, crab etc.In fish culture net cage, with the flexible pipe that diameter is 0.2-0.5cm, be diagonal and be connected on net cage frame, be divided into from top to bottom 5 layers, be mainly used in adhering to of hippocampus.
2, cultivate the pre-treatment of the large pool
At present to cultivate large pool area be (or about 3000-8000m such as 5-12 mu/do not wait to China coast
2not etc.), the degree of depth is not about 1.3-1.6 rice not etc., is mainly square or rectangular.Owing to being mainly used in the cultivation of prawn, economic fish or biological feed, in these large pools, there are a large amount of oppossum shrimps or other shell-fish meiofauna, this is the important bait of hippocampus.Preparing hippocampus cultivation in earlier stage, the net that is 1-1.5cm with aperture, fishes for the fish of the larger individuality in the large pool, shrimp, crab etc., reduces the injury of hippocampus itself and the competition to biological feed; Thereafter splash in the large pool beneficial microbes such as a certain amount of photosynthetic bacteria and copepoda, wheel animalcules etc. carry out water ecology control, form a good food chain.Meanwhile, 2 aerators are set on great Tang both sides, according to weather conditions etc., large pool water body are carried out to appropriate oxygenation.Under normal circumstances, keep the salinity 32 ‰ of large pool water body, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5.0 mg/L, pH value 7.8-8.5; In addition, can, according to local circumstance, at the bottom of the large pool, place the sea bed class plants such as quantitative fresh and alive sea-tangle, sea lettuce.
3, multiple layer net cage layout
According to hippocampus cultivation location, the multiple layer net cage in the large pool carried out to the key that rational deployment is hippocampus cultivation.Hippocampus parent fish culture net cage mesh size is 0.1cm left and right, can prevent that the young hippocampus of output from swimming over to net cage periphery, and therefore, the aperture of hippocampus parent and seedling fish culture net cage is all less, and feed source is mainly by the artificial animal bait adding.Middle age, hippocampus can utilize the net cage of 0.3-0.7cm according to specification difference.
Under normal circumstances, for convenient management, parent's fish culture net cage can be concatenated " one " word and arrange, and manages separately, can build shade net at net cage top as required; Children hippocampus and middle age hippocampus fish culture net cage also to be concatenated, " one " word arranges, but does not need to shelter from heat or light.The passage waterborne that will retain a 2m left and right between every string net cage, for daily management.
4, hippocampus is thrown in and daily management
Different according to hippocampus specification, hippocampus cultivation density is different, and hippocampus parent is 20 tails/m
3, middle hippocampus in age (6-12cm) is 50-70 tail/m
3, just the Seedling density of birth is 100-200 tail/m
3; But under normal circumstances,, as long as conditions permit, hippocampus cultivation density is lower, is more conducive to surviving and growing of hippocampus.Just the seedling of birth does not need the bait of throwing something and feeding, wheel animalcule and cladocera nauplius in the large pool of can directly ingesting, and 10-40 age in days seedling is fed with the halogen worm that size is 0.37-0.52 cm; 41-60 age in days hippocampus is the halogen worm of 0.77-0.97 cm and the oppossum shrimp in the large pool etc. by size.Middle age and parent hippocampus can directly be thrown something and fed with the oppossum shrimp in the large pool or other shell-fish.
After throwing seedling, within every two days, splash photosynthetic bacteria and chlorella respectively once, splash 5-7 time continuously, the concentration of splashing is respectively 1 * 10
6individual/ml and 1 * 10
4/ ml.To the parent hippocampus of mating and period of pregnancy, to throw something and feed every day and once use oppossum shrimp and the halogen worm of higher unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) strengthening, to supplement enough nutrition.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Utilize the above-mentioned multiple layer net cage of the present invention at great Tang Zhong, to carry out large-scale farming to hippocampus, can reach very significantly following advantages: (1), present technique can be very stably to U.S. strain line hippocampus (
hippocampus erectus), domestic large hippocampus (
h. kuda), hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs (
h. trimaculatus) and HIPPOCAMPUS (
h. histrix) carry out large-scale single or mixed breed, its survival rate and growth rate are than the little water body cement pit high 10-15% of difference and the 25-30% of the same period; (2), method is simple, manageability, hippocampus growths etc. are more stable; (3), greatly reduced infrastructure input, reduce water power consumption and labour's expenditure etc., thereby significantly improved hippocampus cultivation efficiency.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further explain the present invention, but embodiment does not limit in any form to the present invention.In following examples, if no special instructions, reagent used, method, material are the conventional reagent of those skilled in the art, method, material.
embodiment 1
experimentation
In order to prove the advantage of present technique, we have carried out contrast experiment on May 6th, 2011 in Lufeng, Shanwei coastal cultivation factory, and experiment hippocampus is the hybrid cultivation (1:1) of strain line hippocampus and hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs.Experiment is divided into two groups: A group: net cage hippocampus cultivation group, B group: outdoor tank-culture group (4 * 6 * 1.5 m
3); Growth by hippocampus in two groups relatively with the immediate data such as survive, define the difference between each group.Each group experiment is processed as follows:
A group: select the large pool of 12 mu as breeding water body, cage size is made according to above-mentioned technical indicator, is divided into according to hippocampus size specification: 6 net cages, each net cage 400 tail hippocampus seedling (1 age in days); 6 net cages, hippocampus in each 200 tail (80 age in days); 6 net cages, each 100 tail parent (180 age in days), the strain line hippocampus in each net cage and hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs ratio are 1:1.In breeding process, according to above-mentioned technical step operation.Culture-cycle is 4 months (6 days-September 6 May in 2011).
B group: in A test block, choose equally 18 cement pits, breeding water is double-deck sand filter seawater.First early stage, pond level was standby: after cement pit sterilization, within 3 days, add the sand filter seawater that 25cm is dark, the photosynthetic bacteria 4 * 10 of splashing in advance
6/ ml, chlorella 5 * 10
5/ ml, water temperature 22-25 ℃, salinity 32 ‰, dissolved oxygen value 5.0-6.0 mg/L, pH value 7.8-8.5, direct sunlight adopts sunshade net to keep intense light irradiation to be not more than 10000 lux afterwards on the 3rd.Whole trace inflation in great Chi, water body does not circulate.While throwing seedling according to every day the amplitude of 2 ℃ temperature is down to 24 ℃ from 26 ℃, in case the drastic change of stop ring border causes that young hippocampus stress be dead.
The birth of children hippocampus starts wheel animalcule and the cladocera nauplius of throwing something and feeding without after saturated fatty acid strengthening after 12 hours, food density is that density is 3-6/ml, throws something and feeds every day 6 times, is satiated with food and throws something and feeds; 10 ages in days, the wheel animalcule of no longer throwing something and feeding, throws something and feeds with halogen worm, and 10-40 age in days seedling is fed with the halogen worm that size is 0.37-0.52 cm; 41-60 age in days hippocampus is thrown something and fed with fairy shrimp and oppossum shrimp that size is 0.77-0.97 cm.Within every two days, the photosynthetic bacteria of splashing (approximately 1 * 10
6individual/ml).
Middle age, hippocampus and parent hippocampus be under same condition of water quality, and mainly take fairy shrimp and oppossum shrimp (from the large pool, directly fishing for) is bait, throws something and feeds every day 3 times (08:00h, 13:00h and 17:00h).
experimental result
After 4 months culture-cycles, the standard length of 1 age in days hippocampus of cage culture (A group) is 12.4 ± 2.8cm, and survival rate is 67.2 ± 5.6%, and 1 age in days hippocampus length of cement pit cultivation (B group) is 10.3 ± 3.4cm, and survival rate is 53.8 ± 3.2%.To sum up, it is high by 20.3 ± 1.7% that A group is organized high rate of rise than B, and survival rate is high by 14.3 ± 6.4%.
The same period, middle age, the initial body length of hippocampus was 8.7 ± 1.6cm, and in net cage, (A group) hippocampus is after the cultivation of 4 months, and body length is 17.9 ± 5.4cm, and growth rate is 105.7 ± 17.3%, and survival rate is 86.5 ± 4.8%; And the hippocampus length of cement pit cultivation (B group) becomes 15.5 ± 7.1cm, growth rate is 78.2 ± 10.8%, and survival rate is 87.2 ± 6.3%.To sum up, A group is higher by 18.5 ± 5.1% than the hippocampus rate of rise in middle age of B group, and survival rate is low by 1.0 ± 0.6%.
In 4 months experimentations, the parent hippocampus of cage culture (A group) breeds 6.4 ± 1.6 batches altogether, and every batch is 516 ± 67.7 tail children hippocampus; And the parent hippocampus of cement pit cultivation (B group) breeds 4.8 ± 2.3 batches altogether, every batch is 453 ± 51.5 tail children hippocampus.To sum up, A group is than the parent hippocampus breeding frequency high 1.7 ± 0.6 batches (being roughly equal to 35.4%) of B group, and every batch of output is high by 13.9 ± 3.7%.
Cost accounting: by water power consumption, bait utilization, labour's expenditure etc. are cultivated to Consumption Analysis, its net cage hippocampus aquaculture cost reduces by 45% left and right compared with indoor culture.
conclusion
The core of the art of this patent is to utilize the large pools (large-scale culturing pool) such as the existing prawn of China coast to carry out extensive hippocampus cultivation, according to hippocampus ecological habit, design multiple layer net cage, take coastal large-scale Tu Tang or cement great Chi is infrastructure, in the high-servival rate and growth rate of hippocampus that guarantees different size and kind, realize the low cost cultivation of hippocampus.
Therefore, this pattern can guarantee higher hippocampus cultivation efficiency, can effectively reduce hippocampus aquaculture cost again, can recommend to the utmost for China at present and from now on the main aquaculture model of hippocampus aquaculture industry promote the use of.
Claims (1)
1. a method of utilizing multiple layer cage culture hippocampus, is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
(1) make fish culture net cage and protection net cage: using the pvc pipe of 4 ~ 7cm caliber as the framework of fish culture net cage and protection net cage, fish culture net cage specification is length * wide * height=4 * 2 * 1.3m
3, mesh size is 0.1 ~ 0.7cm, and protection network housing-case is peripheral at fish culture net cage, and its specification is length * wide * height=4.5 * 2.5 * 1.5m
3, mesh size is 0.5 ~ 0.9cm; In described fish culture net cage, with the flexible pipe that diameter is 0.2 ~ 0.5cm, be diagonal and be connected on net cage frame, be divided into from top to bottom five layers, for adhering to of hippocampus;
(2) cultivate the pre-treatment of the large pool: the large pool of coastal cultivation area is 5 ~ 12 mu, the degree of depth is 1.3 ~ 1.6m, at the early stage of preparing cultivation hippocampus, the net that is 1 ~ 1.5cm with aperture, large individual biology in the large pool is fished for, reduce the injury of hippocampus and the competition to biological feed; Then in the large pool, splash photosynthetic bacteria and copepoda, wheel animalcule, carry out water ecology control, forms food chain; 2 aerators are set on great Tang both sides, according to weather conditions, large pool water body are carried out to oxygenation; Under normal circumstances, the salinity that keeps large pool water body is 32 ‰, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5.0 mg/L, pH value 7.8-8.5;
(3) a multiple layer net cage layout: the aperture of hippocampus parent and seedling fish culture net cage is 0.1cm, middle age, the aperture of hippocampus fish culture net cage was 0.3 ~ 0.7cm; Described parent's fish culture net cage is together in series and is " one " word and arranges, seedling and middle age hippocampus fish culture net cage be also together in series and be " one " word and arrange, between every string net cage, retain the passage waterborne of a 2m for daily management;
(4) hippocampus is thrown in and daily management: hippocampus parent is 20 tails/m
3, the hippocampus in middle age of 6-12cm is 50 ~ 70 tails/m
3, just the Seedling density of birth is 100 ~ 200 tails/m
3; Just the seedling of birth does not need the bait of throwing something and feeding, and 10 ~ 40 age in days seedling are fed with the halogen worm that size is 0.37 ~ 0.52 cm; 41 ~ 60 age in days hippocampus are that the halogen worm of 0.77 ~ 0.97 cm and the oppossum shrimp in the large pool are fed by size; Middle age and parent hippocampus are are directly thrown something and fed with the oppossum shrimp in the large pool or other shell-fish; After throwing seedling, within every two days, splash photosynthetic bacteria and chlorella respectively once, splash continuously 5 ~ 7 times, the concentration of splashing is respectively 1 * 10
6individual/ml and 1 * 10
4/ ml; To the parent hippocampus of mating and period of pregnancy, to throw something and feed every day and once use the oppossum shrimp of higher unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) strengthening and the halogen worm of strengthening with higher unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), to supplement enough nutrition.
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| CN103430880B (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of optimization feeding method of hippocampus mature stage |
| CN103947581B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of method improving the synchronous mating of hippocampus |
| CN106472366B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2019-07-09 | 福建省水产研究所 | A kind of gold hippocampus parent's cultural method |
| CN105254018B (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2018-02-02 | 广州贝山水生态科技有限公司 | A kind of device and method that water transparency is improved using filter feeder |
| CN107372212A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-24 | 青岛浩然生态海洋水产科技有限公司 | A kind of hippocampus seed net cage forms method |
| CN107439428A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-12-08 | 天津农学院 | A kind of selection of strain line hippocampus high yield family |
| CN111328755A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | 深圳华大海洋科技有限公司 | Hippocampus breeding device, system and method |
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