CN105724296A - Method for promoting mating and oogenesis of freshwater shrimps - Google Patents
Method for promoting mating and oogenesis of freshwater shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724296A CN105724296A CN201610138491.5A CN201610138491A CN105724296A CN 105724296 A CN105724296 A CN 105724296A CN 201610138491 A CN201610138491 A CN 201610138491A CN 105724296 A CN105724296 A CN 105724296A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting mating and oogenesis of freshwater shrimps. The method comprises the following key points that 1, high-quality parents are selected in late autumn to serve as backup parent shrimps to make preparation for scale young shrimp breeding of next year; 2, enhanced cultivation is performed on the parents in autumn, winter and spring to accumulate a good material basis for gonad development of the parents; 3, temperature increasing is performed in a workshop for promoting maturity of the parents in advance, the temperature is gradually increased to be within the temperature range required by freshwater shrimp breeding, sufficient amount of high-quality feed is put, and gonad maturity development, mating and spawning are promoted. According to the method, through an ecological regulation and control method, the mating rate of the freshwater shrimp parents can reach 90% or above without using any medicine, the parents can mate and spawn nearly one month in advance, the seed cultivation survival rate is increased, the growth period of young freshwater shrimp cultivation and adult shrimp culture is made ahead, and the high popularization value is achieved in northern China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, be specifically related to a kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method.
Background technology
Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) has another name called astacus, formal name used at school Macrobrachium nipponensis, is under the jurisdiction of Arthropoda, Crustachia, Palaemonidae, and macrobrachium belongs to, and is Japan and the distinctive Freshwater shrimps of China.In China, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) is widely distributed in the rivers of various places, north and south, lake, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) strong adaptability, have omnivorousness, the culture-cycle is short, reproductive capacity is strong, nutritious, market price high, it is the famous and precious aquatic products deeply welcome by consumers in general, and can export goods and earn foreign currency, thus it is a rising aquaculture kind.
Baiyang Lake Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) shell is thin, meat is tender, raw meat is not stingless, delicious flavour, is described as one of three famous big famous and precious Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan)s of China in history.But recently as the change of shallow lake district water level, and overfishing, make Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) resource sharply decline.In order to make this improved seeds resource be restored, conservation of nature water area ecological environment, promote shrimp culture industrialization, increase fisherfolk income, have started at present carry out the relevant research that Baiyang Lake Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) plant layout is bred.
In nature, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) mate and oviposit, main sensitive factor is water temperature.Baiyangdian Area, Hebei province, by the end of April about early May, when water temperature reaches 18 DEG C, starts shrimp with ovums occur, but large quantities of shrimp with ovums occur, until by the end of May and the first tenday period of a month in June, water temperature about 25 DEG C.If from late May, start to collect shrimp with ovums, need to hatch through more than ten days, row's Seedling could cloth Seedling complete, reach commercial specification then through the seed rearing of month, commodity seed sell general early July-mid-July.If it does, there are two unfavorable factors, first, 6, July, water temperature rises quickly, is sometimes unfavorable for improving the survival rate of seed rearing beyond the suitableeest scope.Second, trophophase is short, is unfavorable for cultivating big standard commodities shrimp.Therefore, promoting Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) parent's sexual maturity, ovulation, hatching early, and cultivate shrimp Seedling ahead of time, the survival rate for improving parent's shrimp seed rearing all plays an important role with extending into shrimp aquaculture trophophase.
Domestic about promoting that the sexually matured report of Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) has, mainly there are injection progesterone, laser to irradiate, excise optic stalk etc., all obtain good effect；But owing to Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) individuality is less, female egg load is also less, every tail only has hundreds of to about 3000, and Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) scale seed breeding needs a large amount of seed shrimps, adopts the above needs promoting the sexually matured method of Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) to can not meet actual production；Additionally adopt in said method process and seed shrimp damage also can be caused to improve the mortality rate of seed shrimp.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above state of the art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method that easy operation, parent's mating rate height and weed survival rate are high.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method, it comprises the following steps:
(1) seed shrimp is collected and supports temporarily: at the beginning of annual 10 months, and long more than the 5cm of selective body, limbs are complete, body surface is bright and clean, the Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) of active stalwartness, puts in a suitable place to breed in the storage pond, holding pond pool with female-male proportion 2:1 ~ 3:1；
(2) cultivate autumn and winter: throw something and feed during water temperature more than 10 DEG C autumn and winter, do not throw something and feed when water temperature is lower than 10 DEG C；
(3) cultivating spring: along with water temperature gradually rises, incrementally increasing feeding volume, during water temperature 10～15 DEG C, feeding volume is the 1～2% of seed shrimp body weight, every day throws something and feeds once at dusk；Feeding volume 2-5% when 15～18 DEG C, every day respectively throws something and feeds once sooner or later, and feeding volume accounts for the 30% and 70% of day feeding volume respectively；
(4) conditionting culture: mid-April, when water temperature rises to 15-18 DEG C, screen complete, the healthy and strong Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) of limbs as seed shrimp, it is placed in mate and oviposit pond according to female-male proportion 3:1, according to heating up every day, water temperature is progressively risen to 25 DEG C by the speed of 1 DEG C, controls water temperature afterwards at 25-27 DEG C, day feeding volume be the 5-8% of seed shrimp body weight, every day respectively throws something and feeds once sooner or later, and feeding volume accounts for the 30% and 70% of day feeding volume respectively；
(5) shrimp with ovums hatching: collect a shrimp with ovums every three days, be put in hatchery and hatch；Post-coitum germ cell occurring, the parent of eyespot is put in the incubation net cage in cultivation pond, until germ cell rupture of membranes, period no longer throws something and feeds, and after germ cell rupture of membranes, just incubates young shrimp through in the mesh entrance cultivation pond of incubation net cage, then namely carries out larval culture.
Preferably, in step (1), the described storage pond, holding pond pool depth of water 1.5～2.0 meters, pool inner water grass coverage rate 20～30%；Parent's stocking rate 80～100kg/ mu.
Preferably, feeding volume 1-3% during step (2) water temperature in winter in the mid-autumn more than 10 DEG C, every day throws something and feeds once at dusk, takes measures to prevent anoxia in pond water after freezed in winter, clears away ice area snow and be beneficial to algae photosynthesis oxygen supplement after snowing.
Preferably, in step (4), in mate and oviposit pond, the breeding density of seed shrimp is 40 ~ 50 tails/rice2, mate and oviposit pond depth of water 0.6-0.8 rice, to put the buoyancy pasture and water of coverage rate 30-50% in pond, perch for parent shrimp, 24h inflates, and changes water every morning once, quantity of exchanged water 1/5-1/4, sorts out residual bait and dead shrimp when changing water, regularly replaces the anti-corruption of pasture and water.
Preferably, in step (5), depth of water 0.6-0.8 rice in hatchery, pasture and water coverage rate 30-40%, 24h inflate, breeding density 0.5-0.6kg/m2, hatch water temperature 25-28 DEG C, the Sino-Japan feeding volume of hatching process is the 5-8% of parent's shrimp body weight, sooner or later respectively throws something and feeds once, respectively 30% and 70%.Change water every morning once, quantity of exchanged water 1/5-1/4, when changing water and pick residual bait and dead shrimp, regularly replace the anti-corruption of pasture and water.
Preferably, the bait thrown something and fed is: small fish shrimp, Bellamya quadrata, pluck, soybean cake, Semen Maydis, Testa Tritici or one-tenth shrimp material.
Preferably, crude protein content is thrown something and fed in bait more than 36%.
The key point of the inventive method have following some: one, autumn end select Quality parents in support parent shrimp, the scale seed breeding for next year is prepared；Two, the reinforced cultivating in parent autumn and winter, spring, has accumulated material base for parent's gonad development；Three, in advance by parent's conditionting culture in workshop, temperature gradually rises to Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) and breeds in required temperature range, enough high-quality feeds of additionally throwing something and feeding, and promotes gonadal maturation mate and oviposit.The present invention passes through ecological control method, do not use any medicine that the mating rate of Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) parent can be made to reach more than 90%, and parent can be made to shift to an earlier date 20-30 days mate and oviposits, seed rearing survival rate improves more than 20%, the trophophase having done sth. in advance Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) seed rearing and become shrimp aquaculture, has higher promotional value in northern China.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in detail.
The inventive method mainly include seed shrimp collect support temporarily, parent cultivates autumn and winter, parent cultivates spring, the step such as Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) conditionting culture, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) oogenesis hatching, specific as follows:
1, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) seed shrimp is collected and supports temporarily: annual the beginning of October, starts to fish for, purchase standby parent shrimp, long more than the 5cm of selective body, and limbs are complete, body surface is bright and clean, the close shrimp of active stalwartness, put in a suitable place to breed in the storage pond, holding pond pool by female-male proportion 2:1～3:1.Storage pond, holding pond pool area 3～5 mu, the depth of water 1.5～2.0 meters, excavation one wide 0.5～1.0 meter in the middle of at the bottom of pond, deep 0.5 meter of row's shrimp ditch, the deep Ji Xiakeng of more than 0.5 meter of an area 10～20 square metres, pool inner water grass coverage rate 20～30% are dug by discharge outlet place；Parent's stocking rate 80～100kg/ mu.
2, cultivate Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) autumn and winter: throw something and feed during water temperature more than 10 DEG C autumn and winter, do not throw something and feed during lower than 10 DEG C.Mainly throw something and feed animal bait such as small fish shrimp, Bellamya quadrata, pluck etc. and vegetal bait soybean cake, Semen Maydis, Testa Tritici etc., wherein based on animal bait；Also can throwing something and feeding Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) or Penaeus vannanei material, throw and be sprinkling upon surrounding phytal zone, pond, feeding volume is the 1～3% of parent's shrimp body weight, and concrete feeding volume is ingested situation depending on Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan), and dusk every day throws something and feeds once.To take measures after freezed in winter to prevent pond anoxia, an oxygen supplement of sooner or later making a hole in the ice such as every day；Also to clear away ice area snow after snowing and be beneficial to algae photosynthesis oxygen supplement.
3, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) is cultivated spring: along with water temperature heats up gradually, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) food ration is gradually increased, and during water temperature 10～15 DEG C, feeding volume 1～2%, every day throws something and feeds once at dusk；Feeding volume 2-5% when 15～18 DEG C, every day respectively throws something and feeds once sooner or later, and feeding volume accounts for the 30% and 70% of day feeding volume respectively.
4, Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) conditionting culture mid-April, water temperature rises to 15-18 DEG C, fishes for the Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) supported temporarily.Screening limbs are complete, and healthy and strong Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) enters the mate and oviposit pond in workshop, female-male proportion 3:1 as seed shrimp.Breeding density 40～50 tails/rice3.The deep 0.6-0.8 rice of pool inner water, puts the buoyancy pasture and water of coverage rate 30-50% in pond, perch for parent shrimp, and 24h inflates, and water temperature is gradually risen to 25 DEG C by 18 DEG C, and every day, water temperature rose 1 DEG C.After water temperature rises to 25 DEG C, water temperature controls at 25-27 DEG C.Throwing something and feeding animal bait small fish shrimp, Bellamya quadrata, pluck etc. and vegetal bait soybean cake, Semen Maydis, Testa Tritici etc., feedstuff crude protein more than 36%, feeding volume 5-8%, every day respectively throws something and feeds once sooner or later, and feeding volume respectively accounts for the 30% and 70% of day feeding volume.Change water every morning once, quantity of exchanged water 1/5-1/4, when changing water and pick residual bait and dead shrimp, regularly replace the anti-corruption of pasture and water.
5, shrimp with ovums hatching: will lay eggs in Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) post-coitum 24h, stick to abdominal part, collected a shrimp with ovums every 2 days, is put in hatchery, depth of water 0.6-0.8 rice in hatchery, and pasture and water coverage rate 30-40%, 24h inflate, breeding density 0.5-0.6kg/m2, hatch water temperature 25-28 DEG C.Day, feeding volume was the 5-8% of parent's shrimp body weight, and the morning and evening respectively throws something and feeds once, respectively the 30% and 70% of day feeding volume.Change water every morning once, quantity of exchanged water 1/5-1/4, when changing water and pick residual bait and dead shrimp, regularly replace the anti-corruption of pasture and water.
Through the hatching of more than 20 days, germ cell is transparent gradually there is eyespot, picks out such parent and is put in the incubation net cage cultivated in pond, until germ cell rupture of membranes, period no longer throws something and feeds.After germ cell rupture of membranes, just incubate in the mesh entrance pond that young shrimp can pass through incubation net cage, then cultivate germling again.
These are only the better embodiment of the present invention; rather than limiting the scope of the invention; to those skilled in the art, made any conspicuously improved under the premise without departing from present invention spirit and principle, all it is considered as in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind promotes Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) seed shrimp is collected and supports temporarily: at the beginning of annual 10 months, and long more than the 5cm of selective body, limbs are complete, body surface is bright and clean, the Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) of active stalwartness, puts in a suitable place to breed in the storage pond, holding pond pool with female-male proportion 2:1 ~ 3:1；
(2) cultivate autumn and winter: throw something and feed during water temperature more than 10 DEG C autumn and winter, do not throw something and feed when water temperature is lower than 10 DEG C；
(3) cultivate spring: along with water temperature gradually rises, incrementally increase feeding volume, during water temperature 10～15 DEG C, day feeding volume be the 1～2% of seed shrimp body weight, every day throws something and feeds once at dusk；15～18 DEG C time feeding volume 2-5%, every day sooner or later respectively throws something and feeds once, and feeding volume accounts for the 30% and 70% of day feeding volume respectively；
(4) conditionting culture: mid-April, when water temperature rises to 15-18 DEG C, screen complete, the healthy and strong Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) of limbs as seed shrimp, it is placed in mate and oviposit pond according to female-male proportion 3:1, according to heating up every day, water temperature is progressively risen to 25 DEG C by the speed of 1 DEG C, controls water temperature afterwards at 25-27 DEG C, day feeding volume be the 5-8% of seed shrimp body weight, every day respectively throws something and feeds once sooner or later, and feeding volume accounts for the 30% and 70% of day feeding volume respectively；
(5) shrimp with ovums hatching: collect a shrimp with ovums every three days, be put in hatchery and hatch；Post-coitum germ cell occurring, the parent of eyespot is put in the incubation net cage in cultivation pond, until germ cell rupture of membranes, period no longer throws something and feeds, and after germ cell rupture of membranes, just incubates young shrimp through in the mesh entrance cultivation pond of incubation net cage, then namely carries out larval culture.
2. a kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the described storage pond, holding pond pool depth of water 1.5～2.0 meters, pool inner water grass coverage rate 20～30%；Parent's stocking rate 80～100kg/ mu.
3. a kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (2) water temperature in winter in the mid-autumn more than 10 DEG C feeding volume 1-3% in time, every day throws something and feeds once at dusk, take measures after freezed in winter to prevent anoxia in pond water, clear away ice area snow after snowing and be beneficial to algae photosynthesis oxygen supplement.
4. a kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (4), in mate and oviposit pond, the breeding density of seed shrimp is 40 ~ 50 tails/rice3, mate and oviposit pond depth of water 0.6-0.8 rice, to put the buoyancy pasture and water of coverage rate 30-50% in pond, perch for parent shrimp, 24h inflates, and changes water every morning once, quantity of exchanged water 1/5-1/4, sorts out residual bait and dead shrimp when changing water, regularly replaces the anti-corruption of pasture and water.
5. a kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (5), depth of water 0.6-0.8 rice in hatchery, pasture and water coverage rate 30-40%, 24h inflate, breeding density 0.5-0.6kg/m2, hatch water temperature 25-28 DEG C, the Sino-Japan feeding volume of hatching process is the 5-8% of parent's shrimp body weight, sooner or later respectively throws something and feeds once, respectively 30% and 70%, change water every morning once, quantity of exchanged water 1/5-1/4, when changing water and pick residual bait and dead shrimp, regularly replace the anti-corruption of pasture and water.
6. the one according to any one of claim 1-5 promotes Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method, it is characterised in that: the bait thrown something and fed is: small fish shrimp, Bellamya quadrata, pluck, soybean cake, Semen Maydis, Testa Tritici or one-tenth shrimp material.
7. a kind of promotion Macrobrachium nipponensis(de Haan) copulation oogenesis method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in bait of throwing something and feeding, crude protein content is more than 36%.
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| CN106614188A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Non-directional mating litopenaeus vannamei full-sib family batch preparation method |
| CN107372252A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-11-24 | 大连海洋大学 | Extra large huge legendary turtle shrimp offspring seed cultivation method |
| CN109673556A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-26 | 盐城工学院 | A method of improving freshwater shrimp egg laying rate of red swamp |
| CN110741991A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-02-04 | 阜南县鸿洪养殖专业合作社 | Freshwater shrimp breeding method |
| CN114885865A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-08-12 | 西双版纳云博水产养殖开发有限公司 | Spawning induction method suitable for female silurus riparia |
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| CN105724296B (en) | 2018-05-22 |
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