CN110741991A - Freshwater shrimp breeding method - Google Patents

Freshwater shrimp breeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110741991A
CN110741991A CN201911251468.7A CN201911251468A CN110741991A CN 110741991 A CN110741991 A CN 110741991A CN 201911251468 A CN201911251468 A CN 201911251468A CN 110741991 A CN110741991 A CN 110741991A
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Prior art keywords
pond
water
shrimps
egg
shrimp
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周润发
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Funan Honghong Breeding Cooperatives
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Funan Honghong Breeding Cooperatives
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Priority to CN201911251468.7A priority Critical patent/CN110741991A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/17Hatching, e.g. incubators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

A method for breeding freshwater shrimps includes such steps as cleaning and disinfecting shrimp pool, hatching, culturing young shrimps, ⒈ basic bait, ⒉ pouring water, ⒊ applying topdressing, ⒋ throwing bait, ⒌ disinfecting water, ⒍ and culturing pond.

Description

Freshwater shrimp breeding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freshwater shrimp breeding, in particular to a freshwater shrimp breeding method.
Background
Freshwater shrimps belong to arthropoda, Crustacea, decapod order, swimming shrimp suborder, brachialidae, Macrobrachium, also called river shrimps, in taxonomy, and are one of macrobrachium which inhabits widely in China.
Because the pure fresh water shrimp is distributed almost all over the country, the pure fresh water shrimp is most famous for being produced in northern Hebei Baiyangjiang lake area and Jiangsu Taihu lake area. Since the shrimp is found in Japan only abroad, the name is also known as Macrobrachium nipponensis. The freshwater shrimp habitat is not limited to fresh water areas, and can also live in low salinity water areas along the sea. The shrimp becomes a famous freshwater aquaculture shrimp in China.
The breeding of the freshwater shrimps is a basic and important link for the breeding of the freshwater shrimps, and the breeding determines the solution benefit of the breeding, so that the breeding is very key.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the related art, the invention provides a freshwater shrimp breeding method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a freshwater shrimp breeding method, which adopts the following scheme:
firstly, clearing and disinfecting a shrimp pond:
the shrimp pond is required to be ventilated to the sun, the water source is sufficient, before breeding, the shrimp pond is cleaned, excessive sludge is removed, the pond ridge is heightened and reinforced, and the periphery of the pond is shallow and the middle of the pond is deep; secondly, sterilizing the shrimp pond to kill plant diseases and insect pests in the pond;
secondly, hatching
The egg-carrying shrimps are cultivated by adopting the net cages, the incubation net cages are fixed in the pond, the egg-carrying shrimps are female shrimps which are captured in a pollution-free river water area and have relatively close egg development degrees, 2-3 times of egg-carrying shrimps are firstly put into a first pond for incubation, after 1/3 or 1/2 egg-carrying shrimps are empty, the rest egg-carrying shrimps are connected with a net box and are moved into a second pond for continuous incubation, and then the rest egg-carrying shrimps are moved into a third pond to enable all egg-carrying shrimps to be empty;
thirdly, shrimp fry seedling cultivation:
⒈ basic bait culture
During the incubation period, periodically sampling and checking the egg-carrying shrimps, when the color of fertilized eggs is changed from orange to grey brown and eyespots appear, indicating that the shrimps are about to be incubated, applying organic fertilizer to the pond, culturing plankton and feeding the larvae of the shrimps;
⒉ water changing by injection
Injecting fresh water for 1 time every day or every other day after the larva emerges from the membrane, heightening the water level for 5-7 cm each time to keep the water fresh, wherein the dissolved oxygen content is high, and after 10 days, injecting water for 1 time or changing water for 1 time in 5-7 days generally, wherein the water changing amount is 1/4 of pond water; in high-temperature seasons, water is changed for 1 time every other day, and the water in the pool is not suitable to be too deep;
⒊ applying additional fertilizer
According to the water quality, generally fertilizing for 1 time in 5-7 days, applying 75-100 kg of decomposed livestock and poultry manure per 667 square meters or adding 1-2 kg of calcium phosphate into inorganic fertilizer, and keeping the water transparency between 30-40 meters;
⒋ bait casting
During the period from flea larvae to young shrimps, natural bait and artificial feeding of soybean milk and yolk are mainly used, 1-1.5 kg of soybean milk filtered by bolting silk or 4-6 cooked yolks filtered by kneading are fed every 667 square meters every day in the initial stage, the feeding time is 3 times in 1 day and 3 nights, and the feeding is respectively carried out for 1 time at 8 am, 4 pm and 12 pm;
⒌ Water disinfection
During larva cultivation, 15-20 kg of quick lime is used for splashing in a full pool when the quick lime is hot in a water depth of 1 meter 667 square meters every 10 days;
⒍ and time division pond
After 20-30 days of cultivation, the larva molts for a plurality of times, the appendages on the chest and the abdomen are completely developed, the appearance is the same as that of the adult shrimps, the body length reaches about 1 cm, and when the swimming bouncing force is strong, the larva is caught and separated from the pond in time to carry out adult shrimp cultivation.
Further, in the first step, the shrimp pond is disinfected, 100-150 kg of quick lime is used for every 667 square meters of the chemical pulp to be sprayed over the pond when the chemical pulp is hot, or 15-20 kg of bleaching powder or 1.5-2 kg of sodium pentachloride is used for every 667 square meters of water depth of 1 meter.
Furthermore, the incubation net cage is made of polyethylene net sheets into a small net cage with the size of 2 meters, the size of 1 meters and the size of 0.8 meter, the net mesh is 0.8 centimeter, the net cage is fixed in a pond, and 0.5-1 kilogram of egg-carrying shrimps is placed in each square meter, and 4-5 kilograms of egg-carrying shrimps are placed in each 667 square meters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the breeding method of the freshwater shrimps has the advantages of fast development of young shrimps, strong overwintering capability, less plant diseases and insect pests and high survival rate, and is suitable for breeding a large number of freshwater shrimps.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for breeding freshwater shrimps is provided.
First, clearing and sterilizing shrimp pond
The shrimp pond is required to be ventilated and exposed to the sun, the water source is sufficient, the area is 667-1334 square meters (1-2 mu), the water depth is 1-1.5 meters, and in actual culture, 2-3 mouths of the shrimp pond are required to be matched for utilization. Before breeding, clearing and trimming a shrimp pond, removing excessive sludge, heightening and reinforcing a pond ridge, and making the periphery of the pond shallow and the middle of the pond deep; and secondly, sterilizing the shrimp pond, namely spraying 100-150 kilograms of quick lime into the whole pond when the digestion slurry is hot every 667 square meters, or spraying 15-20 kilograms of bleaching powder or 1.5-2 kilograms of sodium pentachloride into the whole pond in 1 meter of water depth every 667 square meters, so as to kill the plant diseases and insect pests in the pond.
Before breeding the shrimps, planting the water peanuts or other aquatic plants 1 meter away from the pond edge, and fixing the water peanuts or other aquatic plants by using ropes or meshes to form a water grass belt, wherein the area of the water grass belt accounts for 20% -30% of the water surface.
Second, hatching method
The egg-carrying shrimps are ideally cultivated by adopting the net cage, and the parent shrimps can be recovered. The hatching net cage is made into a small net cage with the length of 2 m, the length of 1 m and the length of 0.8 m by using polyethylene net sheets, the net mesh is 0.8 cm, the small net cage is fixed in a pond, 0.5-1 kg of egg-carrying shrimps are placed in each square meter, and 4-5 kg of egg-carrying shrimps are placed in each 667 square meters. The egg-carrying shrimps should be female shrimps which are captured in the non-polluted water area of the external river and have the body length of 5 cm and the egg development degree close to each other. The specific method for hatching comprises the following steps: putting 2-3 times of egg-carrying shrimps into the first pond for hatching, after 1/3 or 1/2 egg-carrying shrimps are empty, moving the rest egg-carrying shrimps into the second pond together with the net cage for continuous hatching, and then moving the rest egg-carrying shrimps into the third pond to empty all the egg-carrying shrimps.
Thirdly, the young shrimp fries cultured and hatched need to be done with the following work in the culturing stage
⒈ basic bait culture
During the hatching period, the oosperm shrimp is sampled and inspected regularly, the color of the oosperm changes from orange to grey brown and the eyespot appears, which indicates that the oosperm is about to hatch, organic fertilizer is applied to the pond, and plankton is cultured for feeding the young freshwater shrimp. 150-250 kilograms of disinfected and fermented livestock and poultry excrement is generally applied every 667 square meters, a large amount of newly excavated ponds are increased, old ponds are reduced as appropriate, and measures such as water changing, additional fertilization and the like are taken later to promote the breeding of bait organisms, keep palatable bait density and ensure the supply of fresh and alive bait for the juvenile stage of the freshwater shrimps.
⒉ water changing by injection
After the film is taken out of the larva, fresh water is injected for 1 time every day or every other day, and the water level is increased by 5-7 cm every time, so that the water quality is kept fresh and the dissolved oxygen is high. After 10 days, generally injecting water for 1 time or changing water for 1 time in 5-7 days, wherein the water changing amount is 1/4 of pond water; in high-temperature seasons, water is changed for 1 time every other day, the pond water is not too deep, otherwise the growth of plankton is influenced, the oxygen deficiency at the bottom of the pond is easily caused, the highest water level is controlled to be 1-1.5 meters, and the double-layer wrapping of the bolting silk with 60-80 meshes at the water inlet prevents harmful organisms from entering the pond along with water.
⒊ applying additional fertilizer
According to the water quality condition, generally 5-7 days, topdressing is carried out for 1 time, 75-100 kg of decomposed livestock and poultry manure is applied every 667 square meters, or 1-2 kg of inorganic fertilizer and calcium phosphate are added, the water quality is kept fertile, alive and cool, and the water transparency is kept between 30-40 meters.
⒋ bait casting
The flea larvae need to take external nutrition to maintain the energy required for self-growth and activity starting on day 2 after detachment from the mother. During the period from flea larva to young shrimp, natural bait (plankton) and artificial feeding of soybean milk and yolk are mainly used. When the basic bait is cultivated for the young to eat, a proper amount of artificial bait must be added every day. In the early stage, 1-1.5 kg of the soybean milk filtered by bolting silk or 4-6 cooked egg yolks filtered by kneading are fed every 667 square meters every day. The egg yolk is fed slowly because of its tendency to sink. Feeding time is 3 times in 1 day and night, and feeding is respectively performed for 1 time at 8 am, 4 pm and 12 pm. Most production units are thrown 2 times in 1 day, i.e. 8-9 am, 5-6 pm. Several drop lift tables can be arranged in the pool to check the eating condition.
⒌ Water disinfection
During the larva cultivation period, 15-20 kg of quicklime is splashed in a hot whole pool by using 1 meter of water depth of 667 square meters every 10 days, the pH value is adjusted, and the effects of water body disinfection and calcium supplement are also realized, and the growth and molting of shrimps are facilitated.
⒍ and time division pond
After 20-30 days of cultivation, the larva molts for many times, the appendages on the chest and the abdomen are completely developed, the appearance of the larva is the same as that of adult shrimps, the body length reaches about 1 cm, and when the swimming bouncing force is strong, the larva is caught and separated from the pond in time to carry out adult shrimp cultivation. The net is pulled slowly to prevent the shrimps from suffocating and dying.
By the above management method, generally about 10 million shrimp larvae of about 1 cm in length can be grown per kilogram of overwintering egg-carrying shrimps.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (3)

1. A freshwater shrimp breeding method is characterized in that the scheme is as follows:
firstly, clearing and disinfecting a shrimp pond:
the shrimp pond is required to be ventilated to the sun, the water source is sufficient, before breeding, the shrimp pond is cleaned, excessive sludge is removed, the pond ridge is heightened and reinforced, and the periphery of the pond is shallow and the middle of the pond is deep; secondly, sterilizing the shrimp pond to kill plant diseases and insect pests in the pond;
secondly, hatching
The egg-carrying shrimps are cultivated by adopting the net cages, the incubation net cages are fixed in the pond, the egg-carrying shrimps are female shrimps which are captured in a pollution-free river water area and have relatively close egg development degrees, 2-3 times of egg-carrying shrimps are firstly put into a first pond for incubation, after 1/3 or 1/2 egg-carrying shrimps are empty, the rest egg-carrying shrimps are connected with a net box and are moved into a second pond for continuous incubation, and then the rest egg-carrying shrimps are moved into a third pond to enable all egg-carrying shrimps to be empty;
thirdly, shrimp fry seedling cultivation:
1. basic bait culture
During the incubation period, periodically sampling and checking the egg-carrying shrimps, when the color of fertilized eggs is changed from orange to grey brown and eyespots appear, indicating that the shrimps are about to be incubated, applying organic fertilizer to the pond, culturing plankton and feeding the larvae of the shrimps;
2. water for pouring and changing
Injecting fresh water for 1 time every day or every other day after the larva emerges from the membrane, heightening the water level for 5-7 cm each time to keep the water fresh, wherein the dissolved oxygen content is high, and after 10 days, injecting water for 1 time or changing water for 1 time in 5-7 days generally, wherein the water changing amount is 1/4 of pond water; in high-temperature seasons, water is changed for 1 time every other day, and the water in the pool is not suitable to be too deep;
3. applying additional fertilizer
According to the water quality, generally fertilizing for 1 time in 5-7 days, applying 75-100 kg of decomposed livestock and poultry manure per 667 square meters or adding 1-2 kg of calcium phosphate into inorganic fertilizer, and keeping the water transparency between 30-40 meters;
4. bait throwing
During the period from flea larvae to young shrimps, natural bait and artificial feeding of soybean milk and yolk are mainly used, 1-1.5 kg of soybean milk filtered by bolting silk or 4-6 cooked yolks filtered by kneading are fed every 667 square meters every day in the initial stage, the feeding time is 3 times in 1 day and 3 nights, and the feeding is respectively carried out for 1 time at 8 am, 4 pm and 12 pm;
5. water disinfection
During larva cultivation, 15-20 kg of quick lime is used for splashing in a full pool when the quick lime is hot in a water depth of 1 meter 667 square meters every 10 days;
⒍ and time division pond
After 20-30 days of cultivation, the larva molts for a plurality of times, the appendages on the chest and the abdomen are completely developed, the appearance is the same as that of the adult shrimps, the body length reaches about 1 cm, and when the swimming bouncing force is strong, the larva is caught and separated from the pond in time to carry out adult shrimp cultivation.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the shrimp pond is disinfected, 100-150 kg of quicklime is sprayed into the pond every 667 square meters when the slurry is hot, or 15-20 kg of bleaching powder or 1.5-2 kg of sodium pentachloride is sprayed into the pond every 667 square meters in 1 meter of water depth.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hatching net cage is made of polyethylene net sheets into a small net cage with the length of 2 meters, X1 meters and X0.8 meters, the net mesh is 0.8 cm, the small net cage is fixed in a pond, and the number of the laying shrimps per square meter is 0.5-1 kg, and the number of the laying shrimps per 667 square meters is 4-5 kg.
CN201911251468.7A 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Freshwater shrimp breeding method Pending CN110741991A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115088656A (en) * 2022-07-13 2022-09-23 珠海市海之亿水产科技有限责任公司 Shrimp fry cultivation method

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Application publication date: 20200204