CN103168711B - The propagation method of Russia Cyprinus carpio - Google Patents
The propagation method of Russia Cyprinus carpio Download PDFInfo
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- CN103168711B CN103168711B CN201110460190.1A CN201110460190A CN103168711B CN 103168711 B CN103168711 B CN 103168711B CN 201110460190 A CN201110460190 A CN 201110460190A CN 103168711 B CN103168711 B CN 103168711B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the propagation method of the Russian Cyprinus carpio of aquaculture field, be specifically related to introduce the propagation method of Russia Cyprinus carpio；Russia Cyprinus carpio has fast growth, lower oxygen concentration resistance, low temperature resistant cultivation, and premunition is strong, easily tames, easily fishes for, suitably in pond culture；Meat exquisiteness is in good taste, and the special card of delicious flavour, is the improved seeds of Russia Cyprinus carpio；The content of invention is by building up Russia Cyprinus carpio " parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond ", " parent fish natural spawning fertilization egg hatching breeding pond ", " artificial incubation breeding pond ", the sterilization to fish pond, the depth of water, water temperature, Water-quality control；The selection of the parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio and raising, by natural propagation and the method for artificial propagation；Hasten parturition and hatch, feeding and management, the preventing and treating that fry is sick；Realize the breeding of Russia Cyprinus carpio；Russia Cyprinus carpio can realize forming then and be benefited then, and culture-cycle relatively China this locality Cyprinus carpio shortens 1 year, improves pond utilization rate and the economic benefit of cultivation Cyprinus carpio largely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Cyprinus carpio propagation method of aquaculture field, be specifically related to China and introduce the breeding side of Russia Cyprinus carpio
Method.
Background technology
China is that the aquatic product fishery of fingerling more than cultivates big country, and fishery resources are enriched, but it is not enough to there is also high-quality fingerling
Situation；Along with going deep into of reform and opening-up, the Sino-Russian exchange of Fisheries Information, find that the local Cyprinus carpio kind cultivation of China is not as Russia
Ross carp culture kind outstanding.Russia Cyprinus carpio originates in republic of the Russian Federation, takes Russia Cyprinus carpio with China originally
Ground carp culture compares, and has the feature that Russia Cyprinus carpio has a fast growth, and lower oxygen concentration resistance, low temperature resistant cultivation are disease-resistant
Power is strong, easily tames, easily fishes for, suitably in pond culture；Meat exquisiteness is in good taste, the feature of delicious flavour, is Russia Cyprinus carpio
Improved seeds.Through " Russia Cyprinus carpio forms marketable fish contrast test then with China's this locality Cyprinus carpio summer flower ", result shows: in phase
Under same feeding and management condition, through the cultivation of 160 days, Russia Cyprinus carpio average size 900 grams/fish, relatively China this locality Cyprinus carpio
Average size 700 grams/fish, fast growth 28.6%, Russia Cyprinus carpio can realize forming then and be benefited then, the culture-cycle
Relatively China this locality Cyprinus carpio shortens 1 year, improves pond utilization rate and the economic benefit of cultivation Cyprinus carpio largely.
Summary of the invention
In view of the outstanding feature of above-mentioned Russia Cyprinus carpio, for developing the fish production of China, introduce Russia Cyprinus carpio, increase
Fresh-water carp cultivation improved seeds, improve Cyprinus carpio cultivation income, create Russia Cyprinus carpio China breeding, cultivation skill
Art, present disclosure is intended to arrange and work out the propagation method of Russia Cyprinus carpio, to lead in China's breeding, to cultivate and support
Grow Russia Cyprinus carpio！
Present disclosure is by building up Russia Cyprinus carpio " parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond ", " parent fish natural birth
Feritilization of ovum egg hatching breeding pond ", " artificial incubation breeding pond ", the sterilization to fish pond, the depth of water, water temperature, Water-quality control；Russia sieve
The selection of the parent fish of this Cyprinus carpio and raising, by natural propagation and the method for artificial propagation；Hasten parturition and hatch, feeding and management, fry
Sick preventing and treating；Realize the breeding of Russia Cyprinus carpio.
One, " the parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio is built up, " parent fish natural fertilization egg hatching breeding pond
The pool ", " artificial incubation breeding pond ":
1, build up in " the parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio: be called for short " spawning pond "；
Using area 0.5-1 mu, depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice, drainage is convenient, and water is superior in quality, pH value 7.5-9 it
Between；Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Water nonpollution；Pond select leeward on the sunny side,
Water temperature between 18-24 DEG C, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, have a good transport service；Water can be carried out circulate；In removing pond
Mud, every mu of pond 60-80 kilogram of lime disinfection 7-10 days, behind cleaning pond, pour water and be deep to 0.8-1 rice；Can throw in
Raise the parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio；80-90 only " fish nest " is set in pond central authorities, can allow female Cyprinus carpio natural spawning in " fish nest ",
Male Cyprinus carpio discharges seminal fluid by fish roe fertilization by chasing female Cyprinus carpio；At entery and delivery port, if the filter screen that mesh standard is 60 mesh, anti-
Only impurity enters pond and fertilized fish roe spills；In pond, set the aerator of 1 protectiveness, can enable at any time, for water oxygen supplement.
2, build up " the parent fish natural fertilization egg hatching breeding pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio, be called for short " natural hatchery "；
Use area 1-2 mu, depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice, it is desirable to drainage is convenient；Water is superior in quality, and pH value is at 7.5-9
Between；Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Water nonpollution, pond select leeward to
Sun, water temperature between 18-24 DEG C, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, have a good transport service；Water can be carried out circulate；Remove pond
Interior mud, with 60-80 kilogram of lime disinfection 7-10 days, behind cleaning pond, pours water and is deep to 0.8-1 rice for every mu；Russia can be thrown in
The parent fish germ cell of Ross Cyprinus carpio, or throw in " the fish nest " of fertilized fish roe, allows the parent fish fertilized fish roe can be natural in pond
Hatching breeding；At entery and delivery port, if the filter screen that mesh standard is 60 mesh, prevent impurity from entering pond and fish roe spills, fry escapes from；
In pond, set the aerator of 2 protectiveness, can enable at any time, for water oxygen supplement.
3, Russian Cyprinus carpio " artificial incubation breeding pond " abbreviation " artificial incubation pond " is built up:
Build up Russia Cyprinus carpio " artificial incubation pond " by hatchery wall 1, vertical filter screen 2, discharge outlet 3, outlet filter screen
4, drain pipe 5, drain valve 6, water inlet pipe 7, water intaking valve 8, water inlet pipe mouth 9, fish nest 10 forms.It is by the pond in " vertical filter screen 2 "
Being referred to as in " interior pond ", " vertical filter screen 2 " pond outward is referred to as " outer pond ", " interior pond " is as Gunther parent fish spawning and fish roe fertilization use, " outer
Pond " use as the breeding of parent fish incubating oosperm.
" artificial incubation pond ", selects column type stereochemical structure, uses cement, the method in brick " artificial incubation pond "；Pond
Interior diameter is 10 meters, and pond week wall is high 1.5 meters, standardized circumference at pond heart extension 5 meters, outside circumference, builds with 0.24 meter of abundant wall
Become, within the walls, external Three-in-one water cement mortar flour milling, water flat with mixed earth at the bottom of pond, it is ensured that " artificial incubation pond " is not permeable to leak, Chi Shen
It it is 1.5 meters；At Chi Di center, if " discharge outlet " of 1 a diameter of 100 millimeters, in " discharge outlet " bottom, if a diameter of 100 millis
" drain pipe " of rice is connected with " drain valve ", " drain valve " connection " drainpipe outlet " energy draining, connects in " drain valve import "
" discharge outlet ", installing mesh standard in " discharge outlet " is 60 purposes " filter screens "；From center, pond at extension 3.5 meters standardized circumference,
At circumference, if together " vertical filter screen " of 1.5 meters high, " vertical filter screen " is by " vertical filter screen support " and 60 purposes " filter screen " system
Become, make " vertical filter screen " drainage can be crossed by 60 purposes " filter screen ", to the pond in " center of circle, pond " in " vertical filter screen ", be referred to as " interior
Pond ", " interior pond " is used as the fertilization of parent fish artificial spawning, or natural spawning fertilization；At " vertical filter screen " outward between " hatching bay wall "
Pond is referred to as " outer pond ", and " outer pond " is used as the artificial incubation of fertilized fish roe；In " vertical filter screen " and hatchery 1.5 meters of distances within the walls
Between pond bottom in the middle of, if " water inlet pipe " of 1 a diameter of 100 millimeters, base, " water inlet pipe import " connection hatchery, one end
" water intaking valve ", " water intaking valve " connects inlet channel；The port of export of " water inlet pipe ", protrudes upward one meter from the centre at " outer pond " end,
The port of export head of " water inlet pipe " is blocked dead, in the side of the water inlet pipe protruding upward a meter, from top to bottom, by proportional spacing
Bore 4 a diameter of holes of 25 millimeters, the current outgoing direction in 4 a diameter of holes of 25 millimeters and " hatching bay wall " and " vertical filter screen "
Circumference becomes parallel, allows water inlet pipe when intaking to hatchery, and water can orient outflow from hole, the 4 of water pipe side equably, makes
The water in " the outer pond " that enter " artificial incubation pond " can form one along " hatching bay wall " and " vertical filter screen " surrounding clockwise flow
Fixed flow velocity, its flow velocity speed, flowing water size, can be adjusted by the size of inflow；4 a diameter of holes of 25 millimeters
" outlet " mesh to be loaded onto standard be 60 purposes " filter screens "；Enter the water in " the interior pond " in " artificial incubation pond ", by " vertical
Filter screen " " filter screen " inflow " interior pond "；The water in " interior pond ", is discharged by " discharge outlet " " draining filter screen ", " drain valve "." entering
Water pipe " " water intaking valve " front one " bypass water pipe " that connect, a diameter of 25 millimeters, make one of " bypass water pipe " to be connected on " water inlet pipe "
On, valve is loaded onto in the other end of " bypass water pipe ", and the other end at valve connects long 15 meters, and the sebific duct of a diameter of 25 millimeters is standby
With.In pond, set nickel base alloy powder spray coating mixing rectangular, can enable at any time, for hatchery oxygen supplement.
Two, the disinfection treatment method after Russia Cyprinus carpio spawning and hatching pond is built up:
1. lime disinfection method:
After " spawning pond " and " natural hatchery " builds up, to laying eggs, hatchery disinfection: remove " spawning pond " and
Mud in " natural hatchery ", is poured into the depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice, then is 0.08-0.1 kilogram of life by every cubic metre of water body consumption
Calx, is uniformly sprinkled into disinfection in pond, sterilized 7-10 days, is allowed to dry water with spade, after the process that carries out cleaning up the pond, by the depth of water
Fill to 0.8-1 rice.
After " artificial incubation pond " builds up 1 month, with water and broom, " artificial incubation pond " is carried out and cleaning process, puts
After solid carbon dioxide, with 8-10 kilogram of quick lime, full pond is all over spreading；" artificial incubation pond " depth of water is poured into 1.1-1.4 rice, disinfection
7-10 days, it is allowed to dry water, after rinsing " artificial incubation pond ", the depth of water is filled to 0.8-1 rice.
(2). bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite sterilization method:
1). bleaching powder sterilization method: remove fishpond mud, the depth of water is poured into 1.1-1.4 rice, by every cubic metre of water body, adds
Enter bleaching powder 50-70 gram containing effective chlorine 25%-30%, with full pond of splashing after water dissolution, and this liquid is splashed in the pond of dry dew
Carry out disinfection on face, wall and filter screen；Sterilize 7-10 days, get rid of water, once purged, water is poured into 0.8-1.0 rice；
2). calcium hypochlorite sterilization method: remove fishpond mud, the depth of water is poured into 1.1-1.4 rice, add by every cubic metre of water body
Bleaching powder 25-35 gram containing effective chlorine 60%, with full pond of splashing after water dissolution, and splashes this liquid at the face, pond of dry dew, pool wall
Carry out disinfection with on filter screen；Sterilize 7-10 days, get rid of water, once purged, water is poured into 0.8-1.0 rice；
Three, the depth of water in " Gunther parent fish spawning fertilization and hatching breeding pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio, water temperature, water quality requirement:
To the Gunther parent fish spawning fertilization of Russia Cyprinus carpio, hatching breeding pond drug disinfection 7-10 days, can discharge water, enter
Water；First " spawning pond ", " natural hatchery " and " artificial incubation pond " interior water are drained, after cleaning, rinsing well, slowly enter
Water, be sure not because of clean, rinse, current are too urgent and break through " vertical filter screen "；Every time before water inlet, " vertical filter screen " and " row to be checked
Water valve ", " outlet filter screen ", " inlet strainer " and " vertical filter screen " whether damaged, install the most firm.
(1), the depth of water: before parent fish is thrown in, " spawning pond ", " natural hatchery " and " artificial incubation pond " depth of water control at 0.8-
1 meter, be conducive to regulating water temperature, current, the depth of water；
(2), water temperature: water temperature controls at 18-24 DEG C；
(3), during in whole Russia, Cyprinus carpio lays eggs, is fertilized, hatches, breeds, cultivates, relevant chemical measurements of water to enter
Row conduct monitoring at all levels, it is ensured that it is within normal range, specific targets are:
1) water quality PH is between 7.5-9；
2) dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/litre；
3) molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；
Protectiveness aerator can be opened in time according to weather condition and pond oxygen in water size, extends or contracting in good time
The short opening time；Fine day drives 2 hours aerators noon, and rainy weather morning, evening drive aerator, it is ensured that dissolved oxygen is more than 5 millis
Grams per liter；Spray hatching pond daily regulating and controlling water quality, by utilizing water filling and fertilising and using photosynthetic bacteria and control and regulate water
Matter；Make existing abundant agreeable to the taste natural food in water, have again the dissolved oxygen of abundance.
Four, the parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio selects and raises:
1, the parent fish selection standard of Russia Cyprinus carpio:
(1) build is perfect, and without incomplete, energy is strong, honey stomach, and travelling fish scale is neat, complete and fanout free region flexibly,
Without pathogenic bacteria, body constitution is healthy and strong；Body length is 3: 1 with the ratio of height, has the varietal characteristic of typical Russia Cyprinus carpio.
(2) the raun 2-3 age, body weight 2-3kg, the milter 2-3 age, more than body weight 2kg；Select such age, body weight
Russia Cyprinus carpio the most reach maturity as parent fish, parent fish each several part organ and varietal characteristic thereof, genitals more ripe and
Plentiful；Such Russia Cyprinus carpio is as parent fish, and the quantity of sexual cell is many, fish roe quality high, vigor is big, rate of fertilization and hatching
Rate is the highest.
(3) when selecting Russia Cyprinus carpio as parent fish, the Russian Cyprinus carpio of first sexual maturity and period of decline to be eliminated, because of
First sexually matured Russia Cyprinus carpio fish brood amount is little, and the poor quality of the Russian carp egg of period of decline, so cannot function as parent fish
Breed Russia Cyprinus carpio.
2, the parent fish to Russia Cyprinus carpio carries out the sex appraisal method of Cyprinus carpio female, male；
(1) characterized:
The female Cyprinus carpio of Russia: body width, back of the body height, little, abdominal part is relatively big and soft, and chest and abdomen fin is little and circle is wide, and cloaca is flat
The most prominent, there is radiation folding.
The male Cyprinus carpio of Russia: body is long and narrow, head is relatively big, and abdominal part is little and hard, and chest and abdomen fin is big and point is long, and anus slightly concaves, nothing
Parallel folds.
(2) reproduction is identified:
The female Cyprinus carpio of Russia: abdomen is soft, and tympanites is mellow and full sagging in circle scrotiform, and anus and gonopore are relatively big, the reddest and
Prominent, light pressure abdominal part has carp egg to flow out.
The male Cyprinus carpio of Russia: abdominal part is less, and the gill cover, breast, abdomeinal fin have obvious secondary sexual characteristics " star-pursuing ", anus and gonopore
Indent, the redst and the most swollen, light pressure abdominal part has milky seminal fluid to flow out.
3, observation judgement Cyprinus carpio lays eggs and places " fish nest " in time:
1), parent fish just before giving birth time, occur that male Cyprinus carpio chases the phenomenon of female Cyprinus carpio；Initially, male Cyprinus carpio trails female Cyprinus carpio and swims one soon
Leave away after old；After, chase phenomenon more and more frequently, the time every time chased is more and more longer；This shows reproduction in parent fish body
Gland will be ripe；After several days, occur that male Cyprinus carpio tightly withstands female Cyprinus carpio abdominal part with head, chase, do not give up, this table
In bright parent fish body, gonad is the most ripe, is omen just before giving birth；Now, in Gunther parent fish spawning fertilization pond, put into rapidly in advance
" the fish nest " performed.
2), the manufacture method of " fish nest ": in a reservoir, by the ratio of 1000 kilograms of quick lime 1 kilogram and clear water, furnishing is raw
Lime aqueous solution；By woven bag to be used, being placed in the container filling lime water solution, soaking disinfection, after 2-3 hour, drags for
Go out, dry；Then, every woven bag is pricked at the bottom of the bag mouth in woven bag side, bag neutralization bag respectively with 3 ball floats；And in braiding
The opposite side of bag, neutralizes and pricks three weights at bag mouth, bag respectively at the bottom of bag so that it is sink under water, as the attachment of fish roe.
3), the putting of " fish nest ": " fish nest " is placed in " spawning pond " central authorities by " Z " font, for female Cyprinus carpio at " fish nest "
In lay eggs, male Cyprinus carpio chases female Cyprinus carpio and executes essence diffusion in water, makes fish roe be fertilized.
4), the amount of putting of " fish nest ": every pair of parent fish only " fish nest " puts 3-5.
4, feeding and management
(1), the Cyprinus carpio female, male of parent fish raises ratio is 1: 1.5；
(2), method for breeding:
1), parent fish natural spawning fertilization, hatching propagation method: first the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish is individually placed in " spawning pond " and raises
Support, male Cyprinus carpio is individually placed in " natural hatchery " and raises；When parent fish raising is laid eggs, executed smart maturation, by the male Cyprinus carpio of parent fish
Being placed in " spawning pond " and mix raising with female Cyprinus carpio, allow and lay eggs on the female Cyprinus carpio " fish nest " in " spawning pond ", ovum sticks to " fish
Nest " on, male Cyprinus carpio executes essence diffusion to the feritilization of ovum, germ cell hatching in " natural hatchery " in water on " fish nest ".
2), parent fish artificial incubation propagation method: in " the interior pond " in " artificial incubation pond ", put the parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio in a suitable place to breed
Female Cyprinus carpio, in " outer pond ", the male Cyprinus carpio putting parent fish in a suitable place to breed is raised；Use and be subject to as parent fish artificial spawning in " interior pond "
Essence, in the method that " outer pond " breeds as parent fish incubating oosperm；
(3), " parent fish rearing pond " raising parent fish method:
1), selecting " cultivation pond " 2 mouthfuls, every mouthful of " cultivation pond " area is 1-2 mu, removes mud, depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice；Often
Quick lime, with 80-90 kilogram of quick lime, is spread all over full pond with spade, sterilizes 7-10 days by mu " cultivation pond "；It is allowed to dry water, through rinsing
After, the depth of water is filled to 0.8-1 rice, water quality requirement reaches excellent, and pH value is between 7.5-9；Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；
Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre, water nonpollution；Pond surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, have a good transport service；Pond selects to keep away
Wind direction sun, drainage is convenient, and every pond has 2 aerators.
2), parent fish injected volume: every mu " cultivation pond " throws in parent fish 160-210kg；It is 1 that parent fish Cyprinus carpio female, male throws in ratio:
Between 1.5 to 1: 2.
3), parent fish uses artificial fecundation method: Cyprinus carpio female, male, for preventing parent fish self-copulation, laying eggs, is divided among " training
Educate pond " middle raising, treat that parent fish, before climax of oestrusing, is pulled out from " cultivation pond ", carries out artificial fertilization, hatching by parent fish.
4), parent fish natural spawning fertilization, hatching propagation method: first by " the cultivation pond " of Cyprinus carpio female, the male difference of parent fish
Raise, treat that parent fish gonad maturity, female Cyprinus carpio close on when laying eggs, male Cyprinus carpio is put in " the cultivation pond " of female Cyprinus carpio and raise together with,
And put into " fish nest ", every mu of fish pond 80-90 only, allows female Cyprinus carpio lay eggs on " the fish nest " in " cultivation pond ", makes ovum stick to " fish
Nest " on, essence executed by the male Cyprinus carpio " fish nest " in water, fertilizes an egg；" the fish nest " that be stained with germ cell is placed on former male Cyprinus carpio
The method carrying out nature hatching breeding in " cultivation pond ".
5), feedstuff feeding: the parent fish rearing to Russia Cyprinus carpio is raised, use soybean cake that parent fish thrown something and fed, Pupa bombycis, fish flour,
The high protein feeds such as Bellamya quadrata, in conjunction with mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, parent fish feedstuff, vitamin and pasture and water, bath class etc., promote parent fish to grow and
The maturation of genitals and plentiful, the quantity making parent fish sexual cell is many, fish roe quality high, vigor big, and rate of fertilization is high.
(4), management method: it is noted that regulating water quality in feeding process, often fill fresh water, keep miniflow water, with thorn
Swash gonad development.
" " raise parent fish method to be 60 purposes in pond drainage mouth installation mesh standard in parent fish rearing pond in employing
Drainage screen, in case fish roe, juvenile fish, fingerling, escape.
Five, hasten parturition and hatch
1, hasten parturition opportunity: in the 4-6 month in spring, when temperature gos up and stablizes more than 20 DEG C, and water temperature rises and stablizes at 18-
24 DEG C, hasten parturition；
2, hasten parturition mode: be divided into parent fish natural spawning fertilization hatching propagation method and artificial fertilization to hatch propagation method.
(1) parent fish natural spawning fertilization: referring to that allowing raun brill swim over to " fish nest " top lays eggs, ovum sticks on " fish nest ",
Subsequently, milter discharge seminal fluid, seminal fluid spread in water, with fish roe meet be fertilized process be referred to as parent fish natural spawning fertilization.
1), parent fish natural spawning fertilization, carry out in " parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond ", by every mu of parent fish " spawning pond "
Throwing in parent fish 160-210kg, parent fish Cyprinus carpio ratio 1: 1.5 to 1: 2 female, male puts enforcement in a suitable place to breed.
2), " spawning pond "；Use area 0.5-1 mu, depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice；Water temperature between 18-24 DEG C, drainage side
Just, water is superior in quality, and pH value is between 7.5-9；Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；
Water nonpollution；Pond selects leeward facing south, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, has a good transport service；Water can be carried out circulate；
Removing mud in pond, every mu of pond, with after 60-80 kilogram of lime disinfection one week, is cleaned pond, pours water and be deep to 0.8-1
Rice；The parent fish raising Russia Cyprinus carpio can be thrown in；At entery and delivery port, if the filter screen that mesh standard is 60 mesh, prevent impurity from entering
Pond and fertilized fish roe spill；In pond, set the aerator of 1 protectiveness, can enable at any time, for water oxygen supplement.
3), " fish nest " is set, in order to adhere to fish roe.The method for making of " fish nest ": make " fish nest " of woven bag, every braiding
Bag pricks the bag mouth in woven bag side, bag neutralization bag base respectively with 3 ball floats；And at the opposite side of woven bag, at bag mouth, bag
Neutralize and prick three weights respectively at the bottom of bag so that it is sink under water, as the attachment of fish roe；
4), the putting of fish nest: fish nest " Z " font is placed in " spawning pond " central authorities, lays eggs in fish nest for female Cyprinus carpio.
5), fish nest put quantity and sterilization: every mu " spawning pond " only puts fish nest 80-90, and female Cyprinus carpio can be allowed at fish nest
Middle natural spawning, male Cyprinus carpio discharges seminal fluid by fish roe fertilization by chasing female Cyprinus carpio；The fish nest made, with 0.3 ‰ formaldehyde, or
The lime water of 1 ‰ uses after carrying out disinfection it；.
(2), parent fish germ cell is naturally hatched breeding and is carried out " parent fish germ cell naturally hatch breed pond "；Use area
1-2 mu, depth of water 1.2-1.4 rice；Water temperature is between 18-24 DEG C, it is desirable to drainage is convenient；Water is superior in quality, and pH value is at 7.5-
Between 9；Water quality dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/litre；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Water nonpollution, pond surrounding noiselessness,
Safety and environmental protection, has a good transport service；Water can be carried out circulate；Removing mud in pond, every mu with 60-80 kilogram of lime disinfection
After one week, it is cleaned pond, pours water and be deep to 0.8-1 rice；The parent fish germ cell of Russia Cyprinus carpio can be thrown in, or input has
The fish nest of fertilized fish roe, allows parent fish fertilized fish roe can naturally hatch breeding in pond；At entery and delivery port, if mesh standard is
The filter screen of 60 mesh, prevents impurity from entering pond and fry escapes from；In pond, set the aerator of 2 protectiveness, can enable at any time, for pond
Water oxygen supplement.
1) and lay eggs in pond: in the ratio that ratio is 1: 1.5 to 1: 2 of Cyprinus carpio female, male, male to 30 female Cyprinus carpios and 45-60 bar
Cyprinus carpio, the mature parent fish of gonad in spawning pond, it is slowly added into new water；Every day adds depth of water 5cm；Every pair of parent fish arranges 3-4
Fish nest, spends 2-3 days, and female Cyprinus carpio starts to lay eggs, male Cyprinus carpio starts to execute essence, and fish roe is fertilized.
2), propagation method is naturally hatched: every mu of parent fish hatches breeding pond naturally throws in ten thousand germ cell of 30-50；Will be with
The fertilization carp egg of one day puts into hatchery simultaneously, it is ensured that fry emerges, neat specification.
3), managing: Russia Cyprinus carpio, lay eggs at 22:00-9:00, continuity is laid eggs 2-3 days, checks fish nest every afternoon, will
It is stained with " fish nest " immigration " parent fish hatches breeding pond naturally " of fertilized fish roe, supplements new " fish nest " simultaneously；And behind pond, raun produces
Ovum is few, and it is bad that male Cyprinus carpio executes essence, then can reduce water level, allows sunlight shine and shines parent fish, and feed a little ve more in feedstuff, or uses miniflow
Spun lacing swashs female Cyprinus carpio and lays eggs, and male Cyprinus carpio executes essence；For ensureing fry regularity, enter to incubate simultaneously by the fish roe collected on the same day；It is being subject to
During essence hatch fish roe fry, fertilized fish roe to be prevented bonding in bulk, affect hatch fish roe yield and quality, find that fish roe is bonded to
Block, the method can rinsed with water, by the fertilized fish roe of bonding in bulk separately, maybe by the fish roe of bonding in bulk, it is placed on and fills water
Basin in, rubbed with the hands open lightly with hands, then, fertilized fish roe put into parent fish and naturally hatches breeding pond, make it natural
Hatch into juvenile fish.
(2) artificial induced spawning and fertilization: refer to, by artificial method, odinagogue be injected parent fish, promotes parent fish ovum, essence to become
Ripe, make fish roe be fertilized.
1). the dosage of odinagogue:
Method one: every kg female Cyprinus carpio body weight, promotes sex gland hormones (HCG) 800-1000IU, injection by artificial chorion.
Method two: every kg female Cyprinus carpio body weight, by luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A) 30-50 microgram, and notes
Penetrate.
By artificial chorion, method three: every kg female Cyprinus carpio body weight, promotes that sex gland hormones (HCG) 400-500IU adds rush corpus luteum
Hormone-releasing hormone analog (LRH-A) 15-25 microgram is used in mixed way, and injects；
Method four: every kg female Cyprinus carpio body weight, adds artificial chorion with hypophysis (PG) the 2-4 milligram of Fish and promotes gonad
Hormone (HCG) 100-300IU, and inject；
Method five: every kg female Cyprinus carpio body weight, adds manually by luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A) 10-20 microgram
Chorion promotes sex gland hormones (HCG) 500-600IU, and injects；
Method six: every kg hero Cyprinus carpio body weight, dosage as stated above halves use；
2), the preparation of injection of hormone liquid: first get normal saline ready, add distilled water 1000 milliliters with 8 grams of sodium chloride abundant
Dissolve.By syringe, syringe needle scalding before using.Drawing quantitative normal saline with syringe during use, syringe needle inserts and swashs
Element bottle rubber closure in, by normal saline inject, shake 2-3 minute, after hormone fully dissolves, sucking-off for.
3), injecting method of hastening parturition: when fine day afternoon 6, fish side is faced upward by putting on the table by a people, and another people holds pin note
Penetrate.Take predetermined close, before the injection, dry the water of injection site, and with 70% ethanol or iodine disinfection after, by injection Cyprinus carpio
A pectoral fin base portion shot for fish is to thoracic cavity, with moving in spawning pond by Cyprinus carpio；And filling fresh water half an hour, water temperature exists
18-24 DEG C, through 6-15 hour, female Cyprinus carpio can oestrus and lay eggs, and male Cyprinus carpio can oestrus and execute essence and make fish roe be fertilized.
4), hasten parturition after parent fish, can in " parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond " natural spawning fertilization.
5), ovum artificial collection and fertilization method: by the parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio before climax of oestrusing, pick up from hatchery,
Wipe the moisture on parent fish body with towel, the ovum of female Cyprinus carpio is clamp-oned in dry porcelain basin, and clamp-on rapidly the seminal fluid of male Cyprinus carpio, use plumage
Hair stirring, allows it fully be fertilized；Then, by germ cell uniform application on " fish nest ", it is put into " artificial incubation breeding pond " to incubate
Change；The depth of water is at 0.8-1 rice, and water temperature is maintained between 18-24 DEG C, and water quality pH value is between 7.5-9；Dissolved oxygen more than 5 milligrams/
Rise；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Or with Pulvis Talci solution to fertilized fish roe unsticking after, carry out artificial Lotic hatching；It is subject to
The hatching in " artificial incubation pond " of essence fish roe, through artificial incubation in 3-5 days, finds that fertilized fish roe becomes white clear bright spot, occurs
Two pores, fish tail breaks out from fish roe, becomes juvenile fish fry, and fry is also known as spray, or crow is young, prelarva, and this case will just be incubated
The fry gone out is referred to as spray.
6). artificial Lotic hatching propagation method: every mu " artificial incubation breeding pond " throws in ten thousand Cyprinus carpio fertilizations of 40-60
Ovum, regulates the depth of water in " artificial incubation pond ", water temperature, water quality；Making the depth of water be maintained at 0.8-1 rice, water temperature is maintained at 18-24 DEG C
Between, water quality pH value is between 7.5-9；Dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/litre；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Will be through with manually adopting
Ovum and Artificial insemination procedures, the Cyprinus carpio " germ cell " of acquirement, after Pulvis Talci solution unsticking, it is placed on the " outer of " artificial incubation pond "
Pond " in, carry out Lotic hatching, micro-open " artificial incubation pond " water intaking valve, allow in " artificial incubation pond " and " vertical filter screen " outward " outer
Pond " water, flows in the direction of the clock, allows and flow with water in Cyprinus carpio artificially fertilized egg pool water within, accomplish not precipitate and be suspended in
For degree in water；Simultaneously will the blocking of anti-water strainer；When there being fry to hatch, slightly reduce flow velocity, prevent current too urgent to fry
Physical demands；The suitably drain valve displacement in regulation " artificial incubation pond ", makes water level, water temperature, current keep stable；Cyprinus carpio people
Work fertilized fish roe is hatched in the flowing water in " artificial incubation pond ", through 3-5 days hatching, become white clear bright spot, occur two little
Stain, fish tail breaks out from fish roe, becomes juvenile fish fry.
Juvenile fish fry is also known as spray, or prelarva, summer flower；Squab fry is referred to as spray, or prelarva, summer by this case
Flower；The spray hatched, through the raising of 15-20 days, grows to become multiple flower, multiple flower now, it is possible to as fry when 3-4cm is long
Sell, for unit or the specialist's cultivation of breeding fish.
Improve the key that incubation rate is artificial propagation Russia Cyprinus carpio, affect the reason of incubation rate: mainly have egg-laying season sky
Gas changes, water quality quality, and water is high and low containing dissolved oxygen, and fish roe, by mycete parasitism etc., should manage to prevent it from endangering.
Six, the method for breeding of spray:
1, the stocking density of spray: the raising of spray puts 600-700 tail in a suitable place to breed with every cubic metre of water body.
2, egg yolk method for breeding: with 1, porcelain basin, fill half basin clear water；Egg is boiled, peels eggshell and albumen, use two-layer yarn
Cloth encases egg yolk, and puts in the clear water of porcelain basin, with the hands rubs with the hands, squeezes, presses, egg yolk in gauze, allows egg yolk be dissolved in water, uses
To raise spray；To squab spray, the not feeding at the 1-2 days, allow fish roe idiotrophic complete the growth of juvenile fish self；The
3-7 days, by every cubic metre of water body, 3-4 gram of egg yolk of throwing something and feeding, edible for juvenile fish picked-up；Throw something and feed every day 2 times, when the morning 9, under
Throwing something and feeding during noon 16, each feeding volume is eaten up as degree in throwing something and feeding latter 1 hour.
3, bean milk method for breeding: after spray is raised 7 days, enters alevin stage, during the 8-15 days, uses bean milk to raise
Method: sprinkle hello bean milk to fishpond prelarva with bean milk；Soybean soaking in the water of water temperature about 20 DEG C 6～8 hours, by soaking
Semen Glycines wears into bean milk, every kilogram of Semen Glycines slurrying 18～20 kilograms；Throw something and feed in time after bean milk milled, so as not to rotten；Bean milk is splashed
Fishpond is wanted uniformly, sprinkles every day and feed 3 times, time when the morning 8, noon 12, afternoon 16 time respectively splash once；Splash method: the morning
Splash with afternoon, first splash along pool side, more completely splash in the pool；Noon only splashes bean milk at pool side；The amount of splashing: the 8-10 days, often stands
Side meter Shui Ti, wears into slurry with Semen Glycines 5～7 grams and splashes, the 11-15 days, and Semen Glycines increases to 7-9 gram and wears into slurry and splash；When fry length extremely
During 15-20 millimeter, suitably increase feeding volume, throw something and feed at pool side shallow water punishment heap with feedstuffs such as bean dregs or soybean cake slurries；Form 10,000 tails
The Cyprinus carpio summer flower of body long 3-4cm length needs Semen Glycines 6～8 kilograms.
4, worm for fishing straw pulp method for breeding: when prelarva was through the raising of 15 days, during the 16-20 days, enter young stage, or claim into
Enter summer flower feeding period, use and worm for fishing and spray SHENGCAO, Herba Eichhorniae, water lettuce are ground into " worm for fishing straw pulp ", eat for juvenile fish；Fish
Cordyceps paste feeding breeding method: adopt the live fish worm making 40%, Semen arachidis hypogaeae grass, Herba Eichhorniae and the water lettuce of 60%；With pulverizer by live fish worm,
Semen arachidis hypogaeae grass, Herba Eichhorniae and water lettuce are pulverized, and wear into " worm for fishing straw pulp " and throw something and feed the most in time, so as not to rotten；" worm for fishing straw pulp "
Splash and want uniformly in fishpond, sprinkle to fish pond every day and feed 4 times, during morning 5, during the morning 8, noon 12 time, afternoon 16 time respectively splash
Throw something and feed once；Splash feeding method: during morning 5, Xiang Chizhong throws something and feeds, during the morning 8, during afternoon 16, first splash along pool side, the more completely pool
Splash；Noon only splashes " worm for fishing straw pulp " at pool side；The amount of splashing: the 16-20 days, every cubic metre of water body, with live fish worm 8～10 grams
With with Semen arachidis hypogaeae grass, Herba Eichhorniae and water lettuce 20-25 gram, wear into " worm for fishing straw pulp " and splash；When fry length to 3-4cm is long, to the summer
After flower carries out drawing in the net to take exercise, fry can be sold to cultivation unit or raiser.
Seven, carry out drawing in the net to take exercise:
In order to strengthen the body constitution of summer flower, improve transportation survival rate, carry out drawing in the net to take exercise.Specific practice is: in fry length
To 3-4cm long time, select the morning of a fine day, fry caught in net cage with drawing in the net；When fish soon enters in net cage,
Receive net action and want light, do not allow and draw in the net interior mud and enter net cage together with foul and fish, in order to avoid water quality deterioration, make fish anoxia dead
Die；After 2-3 hour, fish is released from net cage so that it is freely swim into pond, once draw in the net to take exercise and just finish；Carry out two
Secondary drawing in the net is taken exercise, and drawing in the net exercise time for twice is spaced in more than 1 day.
Go out the summer flower fingerling on the pool, as transported at a distance, after twice is drawn in the net to take exercise, fish moved in thin pool,
Support temporarily in net cage, feedstuff of not throwing something and feeding, start shipment to entrucking during the next morning 9-10, supply each cultivation unit or raiser standby
Good fish pond cultivates.
Eight, the preventing and controlling of fish diseases are carried out:
Russia Cyprinus carpio can occur bacterial gill rot disease and fish molds in breeding and raising；
(1), bacterial gill rot disease fish diseases symptom: the gill filament rots to expose with mud, gill filament end cartilage, in nucleus
Dermathemia；
(2) Therapeutic Method:
A, per kilogram feedstuff enrofloxacin 1 gram, oxytetracycline 2 grams, make pharmaceutical chemistry whole day and throw something and feed, be used in conjunction five days；
B, to use bleaching powder concentration be that 1PPM carries out the big water surface and splashes sterilization, pond surrounding bleaching powder hanging bag；Through one
The treatment in week, fish diseases can be controlled.
(3) fish molds method, is prevented: embathe " the fish nest " being stained with fish roe in advance with 0.3 ‰ formaldehyde.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Accompanying drawing 1: " Russia Cyprinus carpio artificial incubation pond " figure: comprising: hatchery wall 1, vertical water strainer 2, draining
Mouth 3, outlet filter screen 4, drain pipe 5, drain valve 6, water inlet pipe 7, water intaking valve 8, water inlet pipe mouth 9, fish nest 10.
Accompanying drawing 2: the male Cyprinus carpio of " Russia Cyprinus carpio ".
Accompanying drawing 3: the female Cyprinus carpio of " Russia Cyprinus carpio ".
The detailed description of the invention of invention
One, the natural propagation method of Russia Cyprinus carpio:
(1), build up " the parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio and " parent fish germ cell hatches breeding naturally
Pond ":
1, build up in " the parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio: be called for short spawning pond；
Using area 0.5-1 mu, depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice, drainage is convenient, and pond water quality amount is excellent, and pH value is at 7.5-9
Between；Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Water nonpollution；Pond select leeward to
Sun, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, have a good transport service；Water can be carried out circulate；Removing mud in pond, every mu of pond is used
60-80 kilogram of lime disinfection 7-10 days, is cleaned pond, pours water and be deep to 0.8-1 rice；Pond water temperature is made to be maintained at 18-24
Between DEG C, the parent fish raising Russia Cyprinus carpio can be thrown in；In pond central authorities, 80-90 is set only " fish nest ", female Cyprinus carpio can be allowed " fish
Nest " in natural spawning, male Cyprinus carpio discharges seminal fluid be fertilized by fish roe by chasing female Cyprinus carpio；At entery and delivery port, if mesh standard is
The filter screen of 60 mesh, prevents impurity from entering pond and fertilized fish roe spills；In pond, set the aerator of 1 protectiveness, can enable at any time,
For water oxygen supplement.
2, build up " parent fish germ cell hatches breeding pond naturally " of Russia Cyprinus carpio, be called for short " natural hatchery "；
Use area 1-2 mu, depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice, it is desirable to drainage is convenient；Pond water quality amount is excellent, and pH value is at 7.5-
Between 9；Water quality dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/litre；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Water nonpollution, pond select leeward to
Sun, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, have a good transport service；Water can be carried out circulate；Remove mud in pond, use 60-80 for every mu
Kilogram lime disinfection 7-10 days, is cleaned pond, pours water and be deep to 0.8-1 rice；Pond water temperature is made to be maintained between 18-24 DEG C,
The parent fish germ cell of Russia Cyprinus carpio can be thrown in, or throw in the fish nest of fertilized fish roe, allow the parent fish fertilized fish roe can be in pond
Naturally hatching breeding in the pool；At entery and delivery port, if the filter screen that mesh standard is 60 mesh, prevent impurity from entering pond and fish roe spills, fish
Seedling is escaped from；In pond, set the aerator of 2 protectiveness, can enable at any time, for water oxygen supplement.
(2) parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio selects and raises:
1, the parent fish selection standard of Russia Cyprinus carpio:
Build is perfect, and without incomplete, energy is strong, honey stomach, travelling flexibly, fish scale is neat, complete and fanout free region, anosis
Bacterium, body constitution is healthy and strong；Body length is 3: 1 with the ratio of height, has the varietal characteristic of typical Russia Cyprinus carpio；The raun 2-3 age, body
Weight 2-3kg, the milter 2-3 age, more than body weight 2kg.
2, selected parent fish sex appraisal method:
Employing reproduction identification method:
The female Cyprinus carpio of Russia: abdomen is soft, and tympanites is mellow and full sagging in circle scrotiform, and anus and gonopore are relatively big, the reddest and
Prominent, light pressure abdominal part has carp egg to flow out.
The male Cyprinus carpio of Russia: abdominal part is less, and the gill cover, breast, abdomeinal fin have obvious secondary sexual characteristics " star-pursuing ", anus and gonopore
Indent, the redst and the most swollen, light pressure abdominal part has milky seminal fluid to flow out.
3, observation judgement Cyprinus carpio lays eggs and places " fish nest " in time:
1), parent fish just before giving birth time, occur that milter chases the phenomenon of raun；Initially, milter trail raun swim soon one old after leave away；
After, chase phenomenon more and more frequently, the time every time chased is more and more longer；In this shows parent fish body, gonad will become
Ripe；After several days, occurring that milter head tightly withstands raun abdominal part, chase, do not give up, this is raw in showing parent fish body
Grow gland the most ripe, be omen just before giving birth；Now, in " in the pond " in " artificial incubation pond ", set " fish to be put into rapidly
Nest ".
2), the manufacture method of " fish nest ": in a reservoir, by the ratio of 1000 kilograms of quick lime 1 kilogram and clear water, furnishing is raw
Lime aqueous solution；By woven bag to be used, being placed in the container filling lime water solution, soaking disinfection, after 2-3 hour, drags for
Go out, dry；Then, every woven bag is pricked at the bottom of the bag mouth in woven bag side, bag neutralization bag respectively with 3 ball floats；And in braiding
The opposite side of bag, neutralizes and pricks three weights at bag mouth, bag respectively at the bottom of bag so that it is sink under water, as the attachment of fish roe.
3), the putting of " fish nest ": " fish nest " use " Z " font that 80-90 bar woven bag is made, be placed in " artificial incubation
Pond " central authorities, lay eggs in fish nest for female Cyprinus carpio, subsequently, milter discharges seminal fluid, and seminal fluid spreads in water, meets fertilization with fish roe.
4, method for breeding and management method:
1), the Cyprinus carpio female, male of parent fish raises ratio is 1: 1.5 to 1: 2.
2), parent fish injected volume: parent fish 160-210kg is thrown in every mu of fishpond.
3), parent fish natural spawning fertilization, hatching propagation method: first the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish is individually placed in " spawning pond " and raises
Support, male Cyprinus carpio is individually placed in " natural hatchery " and raises；In time raising Gunther parent fish spawning, execute essence maturation, by the male Cyprinus carpio of parent fish
Being placed in " spawning pond " and mix raising with female Cyprinus carpio, allow and lay eggs on the female Cyprinus carpio " fish nest " in " spawning pond ", ovum sticks to " fish
Nest " on, male Cyprinus carpio executes essence diffusion to the feritilization of ovum, germ cell hatching in " natural hatchery " in water on " fish nest ".
4), feedstuff feeding: the parent fish rearing to Russia Cyprinus carpio is raised, use soybean cake that parent fish thrown something and fed, Pupa bombycis, fish flour,
The high protein feeds such as Bellamya quadrata, in conjunction with mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, parent fish feedstuff, vitamin and pasture and water, bath class etc., promote parent fish to grow and
The maturation of genitals and plentiful, the quantity making parent fish sexual cell is many, fish roe quality high, vigor big, and rate of fertilization is high.
5), management method: meanwhile, it is noted that regulating water quality in feeding process, often fill fresh water, keep miniflow water,
To stimulate gonad development.
Use " parent fish natural spawning fertilization, hatching breeding pond " breeding Cyprinus carpio method, will pacify at pond drainage mouth
Dress mesh standard is the drainage screen of 60 mesh, in case fish roe, juvenile fish, fingerling, escape.
(3), hasten parturition and hatch
1, hasten parturition opportunity: between the 4-6 month in spring, when temperature gos up and stablizes more than 20 DEG C, and water temperature rises and stablizes
Between 18-24 DEG C, hasten parturition；
2, hasten parturition mode
(1) natural spawning fertilization: the Cyprinus carpio female, male that will oestrus, is placed in same " spawning pond ", allows raun bore and swims over to fish nest
Laying eggs in top, fish roe sticks on fish nest, and subsequently, milter discharges seminal fluid, and seminal fluid spreads in water, meets fertilization with fish roe.
(2) using fine bourn to move method stimulates female Cyprinus carpio to lay eggs, and male Cyprinus carpio executes essence, allows fish roe be fertilized.
(3) check that Russian female Cyprinus carpio lays eggs and male Cyprinus carpio executes essence, fish roe fertilization situation, being subject on " fish nest " will be sticked to
Essence ovum, chooses and is put in " natural hatchery ", allow fertilized fish roe naturally hatch.
(4) supplement " the fish nest " chosen, be put in " spawning pond ", allow parent fish continue spawning and fertilization.
(5) population densities is naturally hatched: every mu " natural hatchery " throws in ten thousand germ cell of 30-50；By being subject on the same day
Essence carp egg puts into hatchery simultaneously, it is ensured that fry emerges, neat specification.
(6) fertilized fish roe Lotic hatching in " natural hatchery ", through 3-5 days, hatches fry and claims spray.
(4), the method for breeding of spray:
1, the stocking density of spray: the raising of spray puts 600-700 tail in a suitable place to breed with every cubic metre of water body.
2, juvenile fish is raised, through the children of 15-20 days by methods such as egg yolk method for breeding, bean milk method for breeding, worm for fishing straw pulp method for breeding
Fish is raised: juvenile fish is raised long to 30-40 millimeter long time, after drawing in the net to summer flower to take exercise, can be to cultivation unit or cultivation
Fry is sold at family.
(5), carry out drawing in the net to take exercise:
Fry grow to 30-40 millimeter long time, select the morning of a fine day, fry caught in net cage with drawing in the net；
When fish soon enters in net cage, receive net action and want light, do not allow and draw in the net interior mud and enter net cage together with foul and fish, with
Exempt from water quality deterioration, make fry hypoxia death；After 2-3 hour, fish is released from net cage so that it is freely swim into pond, once draw
Net is taken exercise and is just finished；Carrying out twice drawing in the net to take exercise, twice time interval is more than 1 day.
(6) preventing and controlling of fish diseases, are carried out:
Russia Cyprinus carpio can occur bacterial gill rot disease and fish molds in breeding and raising；
(1), bacterial gill rot disease fish diseases symptom: the gill filament rots to expose with mud, gill filament end cartilage, in nucleus
Dermathemia；
(2) Therapeutic Method:
A, per kilogram feedstuff enrofloxacin 1 gram, oxytetracycline 2 grams, make pharmaceutical chemistry whole day and throw something and feed, be used in conjunction five days；
B, to use bleaching powder concentration be that 1PPM carries out the big water surface and splashes sterilization, pond surrounding bleaching powder hanging bag；Through one
The treatment in week, fish diseases can be controlled.
(3) fish molds method, is prevented: embathe " the fish nest " being stained with fish roe in advance with 0.3 ‰ formaldehyde.
The detailed description of the invention of invention
Two, the artificial fecundation method of Russia Cyprinus carpio:
(1) Russia's Cyprinus carpio " artificial incubation breeding pond " abbreviation " artificial incubation pond ", is built up.
Russia Cyprinus carpio " artificial incubation pond " by hatchery wall 1, vertical water strainer 2, discharge outlet 3, outlet filter screen 4,
Drain pipe 5, drain valve 6, water inlet pipe 7, water intaking valve 8, water inlet pipe mouth 9, fish nest 10 forms.It is by the pond in " vertical water strainer 2 "
Being referred to as in " interior pond ", " vertical water strainer 2 " pond outward is referred to as " outer pond ", " interior pond " is as Gunther parent fish spawning and fish roe fertilization use, " outer
Pond " use as the breeding of parent fish incubating oosperm.
(2), to " parent fish artificial incubation breeding pond " disinfection:
After " artificial incubation pond " builds up 1 month, with water source and the standby sebific duct of the bypass water pipe being connected in water inlet pipe, to people
Work hatchery " first it is carried out and cleaning process；After being allowed to dry water, with 8-10 kilogram of quick lime, full pond is spread time；Then, will be " artificial
Hatchery " depth of water is poured into 1.2-1.4 rice, disinfection 7-10 days, is allowed to dry water, rinses in " artificial incubation pond ", and water is filled deep
To 0.8-1 rice.
(3) water quality of Russia Cyprinus carpio " artificial incubation pond ", water level, water temperature require:
(1), water quality requirement: (1) water quality PH is between 7.5-9；(2) dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/litre；(3) molecules of ammonia is less than
0.04 mg/litre.
(2), water level requires: before parent fish is thrown in, " artificial incubation pond " water lev el control at 0.8-1 rice, be conducive to regulating water temperature,
Current, the depth of water.
(3), water temperature requires: water temperature controls at 18-24 DEG C.
(4) parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio selects and raises:
1, the parent fish selection standard of Russia Cyprinus carpio:
Build is perfect, and without incomplete, energy is strong, honey stomach, travelling flexibly, fish scale is neat, complete and fanout free region, anosis
Bacterium, body constitution is healthy and strong；Body length is 3: 1 with the ratio of height, has the varietal characteristic of typical Russia Cyprinus carpio；The raun 2-3 age, body
Weight 2-3kg, the milter 2-3 age, more than body weight 2kg.
2, selected parent fish sex appraisal method:
Employing reproduction identification method:
The female Cyprinus carpio of Russia: abdomen is soft, and tympanites is mellow and full sagging in circle scrotiform, and anus and gonopore are relatively big, the reddest and
Prominent, light pressure abdominal part has carp egg to flow out.
The male Cyprinus carpio of Russia: abdominal part is less, and the gill cover, breast, abdomeinal fin have obvious secondary sexual characteristics " star-pursuing ", anus and gonopore
Indent, the redst and the most swollen, light pressure abdominal part has milky seminal fluid to flow out.
3, observation judgement Cyprinus carpio lays eggs and oestruses:
Parent fish just before giving birth time, occur that milter chases the phenomenon of raun；Initially, milter trail raun swim soon one old after leave away；With
After, chase phenomenon more and more frequently, the time every time chased is more and more longer；In this shows parent fish body, gonad will be ripe；
After several days, occurring that milter head tightly withstands raun abdominal part, chase, do not give up, this shows reproduction in parent fish body
Gland is the most ripe, is omen just before giving birth；Prove that parent fish has oestrused.
4, feeding and management method:
1) Cyprinus carpio female, male of parent fish raises ratio is 1: 1.5.
2) method for breeding: select parent fish, raises in 6 female Cyprinus carpios are individually placed on " the interior pond " in " artificial incubation pond "；Single
Solely 9 male Cyprinus carpios are placed in the " outer pond " in " artificial incubation pond " Nei raising.
3) the parent fish rearing raising, to Russia Cyprinus carpio, uses throw something and feed parent fish soybean cake, Pupa bombycis, fish flour, the contour egg of Bellamya quadrata
White feedstuff, in conjunction with mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, parent fish feedstuff, vitamin and pasture and water, bath class etc., promotes that parent fish grows with genitals's
Ripe and plentiful, the quantity making parent fish sexual cell is many, fish roe quality high, vigor is big, and rate of fertilization is high.
4), management method: meanwhile, it is noted that regulating water quality in feeding process, often fill fresh water, keep miniflow water,
To stimulate gonad development.Using " artificial incubation pond " breeding Cyprinus carpio method, will install mesh standard at pond drainage mouth is
The drainage screen of 60 mesh, in case fish roe, juvenile fish, fingerling, escape.
Meanwhile, it is noted that regulating water quality in feeding process, often fill fresh water, keep miniflow water, to stimulate gonad to send out
Educate.
(5), hasten parturition and hatch
1, hasten parturition opportunity: in the 4-6 month in spring, when temperature gos up and stablizes more than 20 DEG C, and water temperature rises and stablizes at 20-
Between 24 DEG C, hasten parturition；
2, artificial induced spawning fertilization: refer to, by artificial method, odinagogue be injected parent fish, promotes parent fish ovum, essence ripe, makes
Fish roe is fertilized.
1), the injection of odinagogue:
Method one: every kg female Cyprinus carpio body weight, promotes sex gland hormones (HCG) 8001000IU injection by artificial chorion.
Method two: every kg hero Cyprinus carpio body weight, dosage as stated above halves use；When fine day afternoon 6, by predetermined agent
Amount, in a pectoral fin base portion shot to thoracic cavity, immediately in immigration spawning pond, and fills fresh water half an hour, water temperature at 1824 DEG C,
Through 6-15 hour, female Cyprinus carpio can oestrus and lay eggs, and male Cyprinus carpio can oestrus and execute essence and make fish roe be fertilized.
2), ovum artificial collection and fertilization method: by the parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio before climax of oestrusing, pick up from hatchery, use
The moisture on parent fish body wiped by towel, is clamp-oned in dry porcelain basin by the ovum of female Cyprinus carpio, and clamp-ons rapidly the seminal fluid of male Cyprinus carpio, uses feather
Stirring, allows it fully be fertilized；With Pulvis Talci solution to fertilized fish roe unsticking after, carry out artificial Lotic hatching.
3), artificial Lotic hatching propagation method: ten thousand Cyprinus carpio germ cell of 40-60 are thrown in every mu of artificial incubation breeding pond,
Regulate the water temperature in hatching breeding pond, make water temperature be maintained between 18-24 DEG C, will through with ovum artificial collection and Artificial insemination procedures,
Obtain Cyprinus carpio artificially fertilized egg, after Pulvis Talci solution unsticking, be placed on artificial incubation breeding pond in " vertical filter screen " outward
" outer pond " in, carry out Lotic hatching, micro-open " artificial incubation pond " water intaking valve, allow in " artificial incubation pond " and " vertical filter screen " outward
" outer pond " water, flow in the direction of the clock, allow and Cyprinus carpio artificially fertilized egg pool water within flows with water, accomplish not precipitate and hang
Float in water for degree；Simultaneously will the blocking of anti-water strainer；When there being fry to hatch, slightly reduce flow velocity, prevent current too urgent to fish
The physical demands of Seedling；The suitably drain valve displacement in regulation " artificial incubation pond ", makes water level, water temperature, current keep stable；Cyprinus carpio
Fish artificial fertilization's fish roe is Lotic hatching in " artificial incubation pond ", through hatching in 3-5 days, becomes white clear bright spot, occurs two
Pore, fish tail breaks out from fish roe, becomes juvenile fish fry, fry also known as spray, the spray hatched through the raising of 15-20 days,
Grow to become multiple flower, multiple flower now when 30-40 millimeter is long, it is possible to sell as fry, for breeding fish unit or specialty is raised on a household basis
Grow.
Improve the key that incubation rate is artificial propagation Russia Cyprinus carpio, affect the reason of incubation rate: mainly have egg-laying season sky
Gas suddenlys change, and water quality is bad, and water is high and low containing dissolved oxygen, and fish roe, by mycete parasitism etc., should manage to prevent it from endangering.
(6), the method for breeding of spray:
Juvenile fish is raised, the raising through 15-20 days by methods such as egg yolk method for breeding, bean milk method for breeding, worm for fishing straw pulp method for breeding:
By time long for juvenile fish raising length to 30-40 millimeter, after drawing in the net to summer flower to take exercise, fish can be sold to cultivation unit or raiser
Seedling.
(7), carry out drawing in the net to take exercise:
Fry grow to 30-40 millimeter long time, select the morning of a fine day, fry caught in net cage with drawing in the net；
When fish soon enters in net cage, receive net action and want light, do not allow and draw in the net interior mud and enter net cage together with foul and fish, with
Exempt from water quality deterioration, make fry hypoxia death；After 2-3 hour, fish is released from net cage so that it is freely swim into pond, once draw
Net is taken exercise and is just finished；Carrying out twice drawing in the net to take exercise, twice time interval is more than 1 day.
(8) preventing and controlling of fish diseases, are carried out:
Russia Cyprinus carpio can occur bacterial gill rot disease and fish molds in breeding and raising；
(1), bacterial gill rot disease fish diseases symptom: the gill filament rots to expose with mud, gill filament end cartilage, in nucleus
Dermathemia；
(2) Therapeutic Method:
A, per kilogram feedstuff enrofloxacin 1 gram, oxytetracycline 2 grams, make pharmaceutical chemistry whole day and throw something and feed, be used in conjunction five days；
B, to use bleaching powder concentration be that 1PPM carries out the big water surface and splashes sterilization, pond surrounding bleaching powder hanging bag；Through one
The treatment in week, fish diseases can be controlled.
(3) fish molds method, is prevented: embathe " the fish nest " being stained with fish roe in advance with 0.3 ‰ formaldehyde.
Claims (1)
1. a propagation method for Russian Cyprinus carpio, is characterized in that: by building up " the parent fish natural spawning fertilization of Russia Cyprinus carpio
Pond ", " parent fish hatches breeding pond naturally ", " artificial incubation breeding pond "；Sterilization to pond, the depth of water, water temperature, water quality control
System；Through the selection of parent fish and the feeding and management of Russia Cyprinus carpio, hasten parturition and hatch, spray, prelarva, the raising of summer flower, carry out the summer
The drawing in the net of flower is taken exercise, the preventing and treating that fry is sick；Realize the breeding of Russia Cyprinus carpio；Concrete grammar:
(1), " the parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio is built up, " parent fish naturally hatch breed pond ", " manually
Hatching breeding pond ":
(1), build up in " the parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio: be called for short " spawning pond "；
Spawning pond selects leeward facing south, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, the local construction having a good transport service；Area 0.5-1 mu, water
Deep 1.1-1.4 rice, drainage is convenient, and water is superior in quality, and water temperature is between 18-24 DEG C, and pH value is between 7.5-9；Water is containing molten
Solve oxygen more than 5 mg/litre；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Water nonpollution；Water can be carried out circulate；Removing is laid eggs
Mud in pond, every mu of spawning pond 60-80 kilogram of lime disinfection 7-10 days, cleans spawning pond, pours water and be deep to 0.8-1 rice；Throw
Put the parent fish raising Russia Cyprinus carpio；In spawning pond central authorities, 80-90 is set only " fish nest ", can allow the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish in " fish nest "
Natural spawning, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio discharges seminal fluid by the feritilization of ovum by chasing the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish；At entery and delivery port, if mesh standard
Being the filter screen of 60 mesh, prevent impurity from entering spawning pond and germ cell spills, fry escapes from；The increasing of 1 protectiveness is set in spawning pond
Oxygen machine, can enable at any time, for water oxygen supplement；
(2), " parent fish naturally hatch breeding pond " of Russia Cyprinus carpio is built up, abbreviation " nature hatchery "；
Natural hatchery selects leeward facing south, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, the local construction having a good transport service；Area 1-2 mu,
Depth of water 1.1-1.4 rice, it is desirable to drainage is convenient；Water is superior in quality, and water temperature is between 18-24 DEG C, and pH value is between 7.5-9；
Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Water nonpollution, can carry out water and circulate；Clearly
Except mud in nature hatchery, with 60-80 kilogram of lime disinfection 7-10 days, behind cleaning nature hatchery, pour water and be deep to for every mu
0.8-1 rice；Throw in the parent fish germ cell of Russia Cyprinus carpio, or throw in " the fish nest " of germ cell, allow the parent fish germ cell can be
Naturally hatching breeding in natural hatchery；At entery and delivery port, if the filter screen that mesh standard is 60 mesh, prevent impurity from entering nature and incubate
Changing pond and germ cell spills, fry escapes from；In natural hatchery, set the aerator of 2 protectiveness, can enable at any time, for pond
Water oxygen supplement；
(3), Russian Cyprinus carpio " artificial incubation breeding pond " abbreviation " artificial incubation pond " is built up:
Russia Cyprinus carpio " artificial incubation pond " is by hatchery wall (1), vertical water strainer (2), discharge outlet (3), outlet filter screen
(4), drain pipe (5), drain valve (6), water inlet pipe (7), water intaking valve (8), water inlet pipe mouth (9), fish nest (10) forms；To be " vertical
Water strainer (2) " in pond be referred to as " interior pond ", will " vertical water strainer (2) " pond outward be referred to as " outer pond ", " interior pond " as parent fish product
Ovum and fish roe fertilization use, " outer pond " is used as the breeding of parent fish incubating oosperm；
(2) disinfection treatment method after, Russia Cyprinus carpio " spawning pond ", " natural hatchery ", " artificial incubation pond " are built up:
(1), lime disinfection method:
After " spawning pond " and " natural hatchery " builds up, remove the mud in " spawning pond " and " natural hatchery " pond, by the depth of water
Being poured into 1.1-1.4 rice, every cubic metre of water body consumption is 0.08-0.1 kilogram of quick lime, is uniformly sprinkled in pond with spade and carries out disinfection
Process, sterilized 7-10 days, be allowed to dry water, after carrying out clearing up " spawning pond " and " natural hatchery ", the depth of water is filled to 0.8-1 rice；
After " artificial incubation pond " builds up 1 month, with water and broom, " artificial incubation pond " is carried out and cleaning process, is allowed to dry water
After, with 8-10 kilogram of quick lime, full pond is spread time；" artificial incubation pond " depth of water is poured into 1.1-1.4 rice, disinfection 7-10
My god, it is allowed to dry water, rinses in " artificial incubation pond ", the depth of water is filled to 0.8-1 rice；
(2), bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite sterilization method:
1). bleaching powder sterilization method: remove mud in " spawning pond " and " natural hatchery " pond, clean and clean " artificial incubation
Pond " be allowed to dry water after, the depth of water is poured into 1.1-1.4 rice, every cubic metre of water body, add the bleaching powder 50-containing effective chlorine 25%-30%
70 grams, full pond of splashing after bleaching powder water dissolution, and it is enterprising at face, pond, pool wall and the filter screen of dry dew to be splashed by bleaching powder aqueous solution
Row sterilization；Sterilize 7-10 days, get rid of water, once purged, water is poured into 0.8-1.0 rice；
2). calcium hypochlorite sterilization method: remove mud in " spawning pond " and " natural hatchery " pond, clean and clean " artificial incubation
Pond " be allowed to dry water after, the depth of water is poured into 1.1-1.4 rice, every cubic metre of water body adds calcium hypochlorite 25-35 gram containing effective chlorine 60%,
Splash after calcium hypochlorite water dissolution full pond, and calcium hypochlorite aqueous solution is splashed disappear on face, pond, pool wall and the filter screen of dry dew
Poison；Sterilize 7-10 days, get rid of water, once purged, water is poured into 0.8-1.0 rice；
(3), " spawning pond ", " natural hatchery " and the depth of water in " artificial incubation pond ", water temperature, the water quality requirement of Russia Cyprinus carpio:
(1), the depth of water: the depth of water controls at 0.8-1 rice, is conducive to regulating water temperature, current, the depth of water；
(2), water temperature: water temperature controls at 18-24 DEG C；
(3), water quality: pH is between 7.5-9；Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；
(4), the selection of parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio and feeding and management:
(1), parent fish selection standard:
Build is perfect, and without incomplete, energy is strong, honey stomach, and travelling fish scale is neat, complete and fanout free region flexibly, without pathogenic bacteria,
Body constitution is healthy and strong；Body length is 3: 1 with the ratio of height, has the varietal characteristic of typical Russia Cyprinus carpio；The female Cyprinus carpio 2-3 age, body
Weight 2-3kg, the male Cyprinus carpio 2-3 age, more than body weight 2kg；
(2), the parent fish to Russia Cyprinus carpio carries out the sex appraisal method of Cyprinus carpio female, male；
1), characterized method:
The most Russian female Cyprinus carpio, body width, back of the body height, little, abdominal part is relatively big and soft, and chest and abdomen fin is little and circle is wide, and cloaca is flat slightly
Prominent, there is radiation folding；
B. the male Cyprinus carpio of Russia, body is long and narrow, and head is relatively big, and abdominal part is little and hard, and chest and abdomen fin is big and point is long, and anus slightly concaves, without flat
Row fold；
2), reproduction identification method:
The most Russian female Cyprinus carpio, abdomen is soft, and in circle scrotiform, tympanites is mellow and full sagging, and anus and gonopore are relatively big, the reddest and prominent
Going out, light pressure abdominal part has ovum to flow out；
B. the male Cyprinus carpio of Russia, abdominal part is less, and the gill cover, breast, abdomeinal fin have obvious secondary sexual characteristics " star-pursuing ", in anus and gonopore
Recessed, the redst and the most swollen, light pressure abdominal part has milky seminal fluid to flow out；
(3), observe judgement Gunther parent fish spawning to place in time " fish nest ":
1), parent fish just before giving birth time, occur that parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio chases the phenomenon of the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish；Starting, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio trails parent fish
After female Cyprinus carpio swims a journey soon, leave away；After, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio trails the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish and chases phenomenon more and more frequently, chases after every time
By time more and more longer；In this shows parent fish body, gonad will be ripe；After several days, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio head occurs
Tightly withstanding parent fish female Cyprinus carpio abdominal part, chase, do not give up, in this shows parent fish body, gonad is the most ripe, is just before giving birth
Omen；Now, in parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond, set " fish nest " to be put into rapidly；
2), the manufacture method of " fish nest ": in a reservoir, with the ratio of 1000 kilograms of quick lime 1 kilogram and clear water, furnishing quick lime
Aqueous solution；By woven bag to be used, being placed in the container filling lime water solution, soaking disinfection, after 2-3 hour, is pulled out,
Wring；Then, every woven bag is pricked at the bottom of the bag mouth in woven bag side, bag neutralization bag respectively with 3 ball floats；And at woven bag
Opposite side, neutralizes and pricks three weights at bag mouth, bag respectively at the bottom of bag, make woven bag sink under water, as the attachment of germ cell；
3), the arrangement method of " fish nest ": " fish nest " is placed in parent fish natural spawning fertilization pond central authorities by " Z " font, for parent
The female Cyprinus carpio of fish lays eggs in fish nest, and parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio chases the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish and executes essence, makes fish roe be fertilized；
4), the amount of putting of " fish nest ": every pair of parent fish only " fish nest " puts 3-4；
(4), feeding and management method:
1), the Cyprinus carpio female, male of parent fish raises ratio is between 1: 1.5 to 1: 2；
2), method for breeding:
A, parent fish natural spawning fertilization, hatching propagation method: first female for parent fish Cyprinus carpio is individually placed on raising, parent fish in " spawning pond "
Male Cyprinus carpio is individually placed in " natural hatchery " and raises；In time raising Gunther parent fish spawning, execute essence maturation, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio is placed on
In " spawning pond ", Cyprinus carpio female with parent fish mixes raising, allows and lays eggs on the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish " fish nest " in " spawning pond ", and ovum adheres to
On " fish nest ", parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio is executed essence diffusion in water and incubates in " natural hatchery " to the feritilization of ovum, germ cell on " fish nest "
Change；
B, parent fish artificial incubation propagation method: in " the interior pond " in " artificial incubation pond ", put the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio in a suitable place to breed
Fish, in " outer pond ", puts parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio in a suitable place to breed and raises；Use and carry out parent fish artificial spawning fertilization in " interior pond ", " outer
Pond " method that carries out parent fish incubating oosperm breeding；
3), " cultivation pond " raising parent fish method:
A, " cultivation pond " select leeward facing south, surrounding noiselessness, safety and environmental protection, the local construction having a good transport service；" cultivation pond " water
Temperature 18-24 DEG C, every mouthful " cultivation pond " has 2 aerators；Selection " cultivation pond " two mouthfuls, every mouthful of " cultivation pond " area is 1-2 mu,
Remove mud, pour water and be deep to 1.1-1.4 rice；Quick lime, with 80-90 kilogram of quick lime, is spread all over complete by every mu " cultivation pond " with spade
Pond, sterilizes 7-10 days；Being allowed to dry water, after rinsing, fill the depth of water to 0.8-1 rice, water quality requirement reaches excellent, and pH value is at 7.5-9
Between；Water is containing dissolved oxygen more than 5 mg/litre, and molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre, water nonpollution, and drainage is convenient；
B, parent fish injected volume: every mu " cultivation pond " throws in parent fish 160-210kg；Parent fish Cyprinus carpio female, male throw in ratio be 1: 1.5 to
Between 1: 2；
C, parent fish use artificial fecundation method or parent fish natural spawning fertilization hatching propagation method；Wherein, parent fish artificial propagation side
Method is particularly as follows: for preventing parent fish self-copulation, laying eggs, parent fish is female, male Cyprinus carpio is divided among in " cultivation pond " raising, and treats that parent fish exists
Before climax of oestrusing, parent fish is pulled out from " cultivation pond ", carries out artificial fertilization, hatching；
Parent fish natural spawning fertilization hatching propagation method is particularly as follows: first be divided among in " cultivation pond " raising by the Cyprinus carpio female, male of parent fish
Supporting, treat parent fish gonad maturity, the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish closes on when laying eggs, and is put into by parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio in " the cultivation pond " of the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish
Raising together with, and put into " fish nest ", " fish nest " quantity is every mu of " cultivation pond " 80-90, allows the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish in " cultivation pond "
" fish nest " on lay eggs, make ovum stick on " fish nest ", parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio executes essence on " the fish nest " in water, fertilizes an egg；Will
" the fish nest " that be stained with germ cell is placed in " the cultivation pond " of former parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio the method carrying out nature hatching breeding；
D, feedstuff feeding: the parent fish rearing to Russia Cyprinus carpio is raised, these height of soybean cake that parent fish is thrown something and fed, Pupa bombycis, fish flour, Bellamya quadrata
Albumen feedstuff, in conjunction with mixed feed of throwing something and feeding, parent fish feedstuff, vitamin and pasture and water, algae, promotes that parent fish grows with genitals's
Ripe and plentiful, the quantity making parent fish sexual cell is many, fish roe quality high, vigor is big, and rate of fertilization is high；
4), feeding and management method: it is noted that regulating water quality in feeding process, often fill fresh water, keep miniflow water, to stimulate
Gonad development；
When using " cultivation pond " to raise parent fish method, at " cultivation pond " drainage mouth, the filtration that mesh standard is 60 mesh to be installed
Net, in case germ cell spills, juvenile fish, fingerling are escaped；
(5), hasten parturition and hatch:
(1), hasten parturition opportunity: in the 4-6 month in spring, when temperature gos up and stablizes more than 20 DEG C, and water temperature rises and stablizes at 18-24
Between DEG C, hasten parturition；
(2), hasten parturition mode: be divided into parent fish natural spawning fertilization hatching modes of reproduction and artificial induced spawning fertilization and hatching modes of reproduction；
1), parent fish natural spawning fertilization hatching modes of reproduction:
A, parent fish natural spawning fertilization: referring to that allowing parent fish female Cyprinus carpio brill swim over to " fish nest " top lays eggs, ovum sticks on " fish nest ",
Subsequently, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio discharge seminal fluid, seminal fluid spread in water, with ovum meet be fertilized process；
B, first female for parent fish Cyprinus carpio is individually placed in " spawning pond " raise, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio is individually placed in " natural hatchery " and raises
Support；In time raising Gunther parent fish spawning, execute essence maturation, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio is placed on Cyprinus carpio female with parent fish in " spawning pond " and mixes raising,
Wherein, every mu " spawning pond " throws in parent fish 160-210kg, and parent fish Cyprinus carpio ratio female, male puts enforcement in a suitable place to breed by 1: 1.5 to 1: 2；Allow parent
The female Cyprinus carpio of fish lays eggs on " the fish nest " in " spawning pond ", and ovum sticks on " fish nest ", and parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio is in water on " fish nest "
Execute essence diffusion to the feritilization of ovum, germ cell hatching in " natural hatchery "；
C, setting " fish nest " in " spawning pond ", in order to adhere to ovum；The method for making of " fish nest ": make " fish nest " of woven bag, often
Woven bag with 3 ball floats prick the bag mouth in woven bag side respectively, bag neutralizes bag base；And at the opposite side of woven bag,
Bag mouth, bag neutralize and prick three weights respectively at the bottom of bag, make woven bag sink under water, as the attachment of ovum；
D, the arrangement method of " fish nest ": " fish nest " is placed in " spawning pond " central authorities by " Z " font；
E, " fish nest " put quantity and sterilization: every mu " spawning pond " only puts " fish nest " 80-90；" the fish nest " made, uses
The formalin of 0.3 ‰, or use after it being carried out disinfection with the lime water solution of 1 ‰；
Lay eggs in f pond: the ratio that ratio is 1: 1.5 to 1: 2 of Cyprinus carpio female in parent fish, male, mature for gonad 30 parent fishs
Female Cyprinus carpio and 45-60 bar parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio in " spawning pond ", be slowly added into new water；Every day adds depth of water 5cm；Spend 2-3 days, parent fish
Female Cyprinus carpio starts to lay eggs, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio starts to execute essence, and ovum is fertilized；
G, hatching: parent fish germ cell is naturally hatched breeding and carried out in " natural hatchery "；
H, management: Russia Cyprinus carpio, lay eggs at 22:00-9:00, and continuity is laid eggs 2-3 days, and every afternoon checks " fish nest ", will be viscous
There is " fish nest " immigration " natural hatchery " of germ cell, supplement new " fish nest " simultaneously；And behind pond, the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish lays eggs seldom,
It is bad that parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio executes essence, then reduce water level, allows sunlight shine and shines parent fish, and feed a little VE more in feedstuff, or uses miniflow spun lacing
Swashing the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish to lay eggs, parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio executes essence；For ensureing fry regularity, the germ cell collected on the same day is entered simultaneously
Incubate；When incubating oosperm fry, germ cell to be prevented bonding in bulk, affect incubating oosperm yield and quality, find fertilization
Ovum bonding in bulk, the method rinsed with water, by the germ cell of bonding in bulk separately, maybe by the germ cell of bonding in bulk, it is placed on Sheng
Have in the basin of water, rubbed with the hands open lightly with hands, then, germ cell is put into " natural hatchery ", allows it naturally hatch into
Juvenile fish；
R, naturally hatching propagation method: every mu " natural hatchery " throws in ten thousand germ cell of 30-50, breeds with nature hatching method
Juvenile fish；
2), artificial induced spawning fertilization and hatching propagation method；
Artificial induced spawning fertilization and hatching propagation method: refer to, by artificial method, odinagogue be injected parent fish, promote parent fish ovum, essence
Maturation, fertilizes an egg, and by artificial means incubating oosperm is multiplied into juvenile fish；
A. the dosage of odinagogue:
Method one: every kg parent fish female Cyprinus carpio body weight, promotes sex gland hormones (HCG) 800-1000IU, injection by artificial chorion；
Method two: every kg parent fish female Cyprinus carpio body weight, by luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A) 30-50 microgram, and notes
Penetrate；
By artificial chorion, method three: every kg parent fish female Cyprinus carpio body weight, promotes that sex gland hormones (HCG) 400-500IU adds rush corpus luteum
Hormone-releasing hormone analog (LRH-A) 15-25 microgram is used in mixed way, and injects；
Method four: every kg parent fish female Cyprinus carpio body weight, adds artificial chorion with hypophysis (PG) the 2-4 milligram of Fish and promotes gonad
Hormone (HCG) 100-300IU, and inject；
Method five: every kg parent fish female Cyprinus carpio body weight, adds manually by luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LRH-A) 10-20 microgram
Chorion promotes sex gland hormones (HCG) 500-600IU, and injects；
Method six: every kg parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio body weight, used by any one method, the dosage of odinagogue subtracts in one to five as stated above
Half uses；
B, the preparation of injection of hormone liquid: first get normal saline ready, add abundant dissolving of distilled water 1000 milliliters with 8 grams of sodium chloride and make
For forming；With front by syringe, syringe needle scalding；Drawing quantitative normal saline with syringe during use, syringe needle inserts and swashs
Element bottle rubber closure in, by normal saline inject, shake 2-3 minute, after hormone fully dissolves, sucking-off for；
C, injecting method of hastening parturition: when fine day afternoon 6, fish side is faced upward by putting on the table by a people, and another people holds pin injection；Take pre-
Determine dosage, before the injection, dry the water of injection site, and with 70% ethanol or iodine disinfection after, by injection at the breast of parent fish
A fin base portion shot is to thoracic cavity, with moving in spawning pond by parent fish；And fill fresh water half an hour, water temperature at 18-24 DEG C,
Through 6-15 hour, the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish oestrused and lays eggs, and parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio oestruses and executes essence and make fish roe be fertilized；
D, laying eggs and be fertilized: the parent fish after hastening parturition, natural spawning fertilization in " spawning pond " is, or use ovum artificial collection and fertilization
Method；Wherein, ovum artificial collection and fertilization method particularly as follows:
By the parent fish of Russia Cyprinus carpio before climax of oestrusing, pick up from cultivating pond, wipe the moisture on parent fish body with towel, will
The ovum of the female Cyprinus carpio of parent fish is clamp-oned in dry porcelain basin, and clamp-ons rapidly the seminal fluid of parent fish hero Cyprinus carpio, stirs with feather, allows it fully be subject to
Essence；Then, " artificial incubation pond " hatching by germ cell uniform application on " fish nest ", it is put into；" artificial incubation pond "
The depth of water is at 0.8-1 rice, and water temperature is maintained between 18-24 DEG C, and water pH value is between 7.5-9；Dissolved oxygen more than 5 milligrams/
Rise；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Or with Pulvis Talci solution to germ cell unsticking after, carry out artificial Lotic hatching；Fertilization
Ovum is hatching in " artificial incubation pond ", through artificial incubation in 3-5 days, finds that germ cell becomes white clear bright spot, occur two little
Stain, fish tail breaks out from germ cell, becomes juvenile fish fry, and fry is also known as spray, or prelarva；
E. artificial Lotic hatching propagation method: every mu " artificial incubation breeding pond " throws in ten thousand parent fish germ cell of 40-60, regulation
The good depth of water in " artificial incubation pond ", water temperature, water quality；Making the depth of water be maintained at 0.8-1 rice, water temperature is maintained between 18-24 DEG C, water quality pH
Value is between 7.5-9；Water is more than 5 mg/litre containing dissolved oxygen；Molecules of ammonia is less than 0.04 mg/litre；Will be through with ovum artificial collection and people
Work fertilization method, the parent fish artificially fertilized egg of acquirement, after Pulvis Talci solution unsticking, it is placed on " the outer pond " in " artificial incubation pond "
In, carry out Lotic hatching, micro-open " artificial incubation pond " water intaking valve, allow in " artificial incubation pond " and " vertical water strainer " outward " outer
Pond " water, flows in the direction of the clock, allows and flow with water in parent fish artificially fertilized egg pool water within, accomplish not precipitate and be suspended in
For degree in water；Simultaneously will the blocking of anti-water strainer；When there being fry to hatch, slightly reduce flow velocity, prevent current too urgent to fry
Physical demands；The suitably drain valve displacement in regulation " artificial incubation pond ", makes water level, water temperature, current keep stable；Parent fish people
Work germ cell is hatched in the flowing water in " artificial incubation pond ", through 3-5 days hatching, become white clear bright spot, occur two little black
Point, fish tail breaks out from germ cell, becomes juvenile fish fry；
The spray hatched, through the raising of 15-20 days, grows to become summer flower when 3-4cm is long, summer flower now, just goes out as fry
Sell, for unit or the specialist's cultivation of breeding fish；
Improve the key that incubation rate is artificial propagation Russia Cyprinus carpio, affect the reason of incubation rate: mainly have egg-laying season weather to become
Changing, water quality is bad, and water is low containing dissolved oxygen, and germ cell, by mycete these problems parasitic, should manage to prevent it from endangering；
(6), the method for breeding of spray, prelarva, summer flower:
(1), the stocking density of spray: every cubic metre of water body puts 600-700 tail in a suitable place to breed；
(2), the method for breeding of spray:
A. egg yolk method for breeding: with 1, porcelain basin, fill half basin clear water；Egg is boiled, peels eggshell and albumen, use two-layer bundle
Live egg yolk, and put in the clear water of porcelain basin, with the hands rub with the hands, squeeze, press, egg yolk in gauze, allow egg yolk be dissolved in water, in order to raise
Support spray；To squab spray, the not feeding at the 1-2 days, allow germ cell utilize idiotrophic to complete juvenile fish self and internal organs
Growth；The 3-7 days, by every cubic metre of water body, 3-4 gram of egg yolk of throwing something and feeding, edible for juvenile fish picked-up；Throw something and feed every day 2 times, upper
During noon 9, throwing something and feeding during afternoon 16, each feeding volume is eaten up as degree in throwing something and feeding latter 1 hour；
B, bean milk method for breeding: after spray is raised 7 days, enter alevin stage, during the 8-15 days, and employing bean milk method for breeding:
Sprinkle to fishpond prelarva and feed bean milk；Soybean soaking in the water of water temperature about 20 DEG C 6～8 hours, soaking Semen Glycines is worn into
Bean milk, every kilogram of Semen Glycines slurrying 18～20 kilograms；Throw something and feed in time after bean milk milled, so as not to rotten；Bean milk is splashed and is wanted in fishpond
Uniformly, every day sprinkle feed 3 times, time when the morning 8, noon 12, afternoon 16 time respectively splash once；Splash method: the morning and afternoon sprinkle
Spill, first splash along fishpond pool side, more completely splash in fishpond；Noon only splashes bean milk at fishpond pool side；The amount of splashing: the 8-10 days, often
Cubic meter water body, wears into slurry with Semen Glycines 5～7 grams and splashes, the 11-15 days, and Semen Glycines increases to 7-9 gram and wears into slurry and splash；When fry length
During to 15-20 millimeter, suitably increase feeding volume, starch with bean dregs or soybean cake and throw something and feed at fishpond pool side shallow water punishment heap；Form 10,000 tails
The Cyprinus carpio summer flower of body long 3-4cm length needs Semen Glycines 6～8 kilograms；
C, worm for fishing straw pulp method for breeding: when prelarva was through the raising of 15 days, during the 16-20 days, enter young stage, or claim to enter the summer
Flower feeding period, is ground into " worm for fishing straw pulp " by live fish worm and spray SHENGCAO, Herba Eichhorniae, water lettuce, eats for juvenile fish；Worm for fishing straw pulp
Method for breeding: using the live fish worm of 40%, spray SHENGCAO, Herba Eichhorniae and the water lettuce of 60%, with pulverizer by live fish worm, spray
SHENGCAO, Herba Eichhorniae and water lettuce are pulverized, and wear into " worm for fishing straw pulp " and throw something and feed the most in time, so as not to rotten；" worm for fishing straw pulp " sprinkles
Be sprinkled upon in fishpond and want uniformly, sprinkle to fishpond every day and feed 4 times, during morning 5, during the morning 8, noon 12 time, afternoon 16 time respectively splash throwing
Feed once；Splash feeding method: during morning 5, throw something and feed in pond, fishpond, during the morning 8, during afternoon 16, first splash along fishpond pool side,
Expire fishpond again to splash；Noon only splashes " worm for fishing straw pulp " at fishpond pool side；The amount of splashing: the 16-20 days, every cubic metre of water body, use
Live fish worm 8～10 grams and use waterSemen arachidis hypogaeaeGrass, Herba Eichhorniae and water lettuce 20-25 gram, wear into " worm for fishing straw pulp " and splash；When fry length extremely
When 3-4cm is long, after drawing in the net to summer flower to take exercise, sell fry to cultivation unit or raiser；
(7), carry out summer flower draw in the net take exercise:
In order to strengthen the body constitution of summer flower, improve transportation survival rate, carry out drawing in the net to take exercise；Specific practice is: grow to 3-fry
When 4cm is long, select the morning of a fine day, fry is caught in net cage with drawing in the net；When fish soon enters in net cage, receive net
Action wants light, does not allow and draws in the net interior mud and enter net cage together with foul and fish, in order to avoid water quality deterioration, makes fish hypoxia death；
After 2-3 hour, fish is released from net cage so that it is freely swim into pond, once draw in the net to take exercise and just finish；Carry out twice drawing
Net is taken exercise, and draws in the net exercise time for twice and is spaced in more than 1 day；
Go out the summer flower fingerling on the pool, transport at a distance, after twice is drawn in the net to take exercise, fish is moved in thin pool, supports temporarily
In net cage, feedstuff of not throwing something and feeding, starts shipment to entrucking during the next morning 9-10, supplies each cultivation unit or raiser the fish got ready
The pool cultivates；
(8) preventing and controlling of fish diseases, are carried out:
Russia Cyprinus carpio can occur bacterial gill rot disease and fish molds in breeding and raising；
(1) method, preventing bacterial gill rot disease:
1), bacterial gill rot disease fish diseases symptom: the gill filament rots with mud, gill filament end cartilage exposes, the endothelium of nucleus fills
Blood；
2), Therapeutic Method:
A, per kilogram feedstuff enrofloxacin 1 gram, oxytetracycline 2 grams, make pharmaceutical chemistry whole day and throw something and feed, be used in conjunction five days；
Or b, use bleaching powder concentration are that 1PPM carries out the big water surface and splashes sterilization, fish pond surrounding bleaching powder hanging bag；Through one week
Treatment, fish diseases can be controlled；
(2). the method preventing fish molds；The fish nest being stained with germ cell is embathed in advance with 0.3 ‰ formalins.
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| CN101647417B (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-11-02 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | High-intensity selecting and remaining method of good carp parents |
| CN101965814B (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-07-04 | 昆明云锦观赏鱼研究开发有限公司 | Artificial intensive incubation method for cyprinus carpio koi fries |
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