CN113647347A - Early cultivation method of marine fish seedlings - Google Patents
Early cultivation method of marine fish seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647347A CN113647347A CN202111090828.7A CN202111090828A CN113647347A CN 113647347 A CN113647347 A CN 113647347A CN 202111090828 A CN202111090828 A CN 202111090828A CN 113647347 A CN113647347 A CN 113647347A
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004089 microcirculation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 64
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 49
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 26
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001529596 Pontinus kuhlii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001417495 Serranidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004373 eye development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000252210 Cyprinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252212 Danio rerio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000351413 Epinephelus malabaricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283070 Equus zebra Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000277263 Salmo Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003890 embryo preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002308 embryonic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an early cultivation method of seawater fish seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of artificial breeding of seawater fish, and the method comprises the steps of arranging sacks in an incubation barrel and a pond and carrying out three-stage cultivation technology during the process from the fertilized eggs to the newly-incubated fries, namely, hatching by using the fertilized egg incubation barrel, adopting an egg membrane removal technology during the hatching process to ensure that the water quality meets the hatching requirement, cultivating by using pulse type micro-circulating water in the pond canvas bags after hatching, and putting the hatched fries into the pond after opening to continuously cultivate commercial fries. The method can obviously improve the hatchability of fertilized eggs and the early survival rate of fish fries, the survival rate of the fertilized eggs to the open fish fries is improved to 90 percent from 60 percent of the survival rate of the fertilized eggs to the open fish fries by the traditional early culture method, and the method plays an extremely important role in promoting the artificial breeding of seawater fishes to realize high and stable yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial breeding of marine fishes, in particular to an early cultivation method of marine fish seedlings.
Background
The survival rate of fish seedlings is mainly comprehensively influenced by factors such as fertility rate, hatchability, survival rate of larvae and juveniles, survival rate of fish seeds, survival rate of cultivated fish and the like, and the final total survival rate of the fertilized eggs of the marine fish to the market is obtained by multiplying the survival rates of all stages.
The fish egg fertilization rate is mainly related to artificial germplasm cultivation, induced spawning, sperm cryopreservation or embryo preservation technology and embryo transportation technology, and currently, the technologies related to the technology comprise: 1. the publication number is CN 110521721A, the name is a method for freezing and preserving grouper embryos by utilizing an impermeable antifreeze agent and an open carrier, in the method, 1mol/L of impermeable sugar solution is used as the antifreeze agent to obtain embryos which develop to a sarcomere stage, a tail bud stage or an embryo rotation stage for freezing and preserving; the open carrier is a plastic pipe with two open ends, and one end is sealed by a bolting silk net; placing the embryo into a refrigerant to be treated for 4-10 minutes; then pouring the processed embryo into an open carrier, and vertically immersing the processed embryo into liquid nitrogen with an upward bottom opening for freezing and storing; the method for freezing and storing the embryos has large quantity, does not cause solution damage to the embryonic cells of the fishes, and has high survival rate and hatching rate of the frozen embryos, the survival rate of the embryos of the zebra carps frozen and stored by the method can reach 31.30 percent, and the hatching rate can reach 41.28 percent. 2. The method enables the epinephelus malabaricus to lay eggs all the year round and can improve the fertility rate and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs from the aspects of parent fish selection, breeding conditions, stocking density, bait, feeding, breeding management and the like; 3. the method disclosed in publication No. CN 110402857A discloses that by providing high-nutrition coordination and natural nutritional ingredients, green light, white light and yellow light are sequentially used for irradiation every day, when parent fish is in sexual maturity, natural spawning and fertilization are carried out, fertilized eggs are fished out and transferred into a culture pond for hatching, and larval fish are obtained, the sexual maturity time of the parent fish can be shortened, the spawning amount of the parent fish is high, and the fertilization rate and the hatching rate are both high.
The culture survival rate is related to more papers and data, for example, the invention patent with the publication number of CN 10996889A, the culture survival rate of the grouper is improved by adding a traditional Chinese medicine additive into the feed. There are also other methods to increase survival rates of growths by increasing the facility or breeding patterns.
In the early cultivation of seawater fish fry, the typical survival rate of the fertilized eggs to the hatch fish fries fluctuates greatly in the practical production practice, for rockfish fries which are easy to have stress reaction, if the fry has serious stress reaction, the survival rate at the stage can be as low as 10-30%, and in the rockfish cultivation, the typical survival rate of the fertilized eggs to the hatch fish fries is about 60%.
How to improve the survival rate of the fertilized eggs to the stage of the open fish blossoms is not related to patent documents in China at present, and only thesis data is limited to: 1. the use of the eyed eggs for breeding production (fertilized eggs are not directly used), the fertilization rate of the eggs is easier to check than the direct use of the fertilized eggs, the transportation survival rate is improved (zizun, Zhanguxiu, Fuhui, Lumboyanxia. Atlantic salmon eyed egg hatching and fry rearing [ J ]. scientific fish farming, 2002, (7): no initial page); 2. submerged plants are used for improving fish egg hatching and fry growth, when the coverage of aquatic weeds is 25% and 50%, the fry has high survival rate, low aberration rate, high average body length and high body weight, but the article does not provide a clear solution for improving the survival rate of fertilized eggs to open fish flowers (a beautiful woman, a beautiful Zeus, Liuliia and Lihaifeng, the influence of the submerged plants on the zebra fish egg hatching and the fry growth [ J ]. environmental science research, 2004, 17 (supplement & supplement): 74-76.)
In artificial breeding and early breeding of marine fish seedlings, the traditional early breeding mode comprises two operation methods of directly putting fertilized eggs into a canvas bag for inflation hatching and breeding and directly inflating fertilized eggs in a hatching barrel for breeding until fish flowers are put into a pond before opening, the survival rate of the fertilized eggs to the fish flowers before opening is not high, the improvement of the survival rate at the stage has huge improvement potential on the whole breeding and breeding survival rate, the method is an effective way for improving the whole marine fish breeding survival rate, and at present, no related patents and other literature reports exist in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention is directed to provide an early cultivation method of marine fish seedlings. The method can remarkably improve the hatchability of fertilized eggs and the early survival rate of fish fries.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an early cultivation method of seawater fish seedlings comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that the stress resistance of fertilized eggs to the newly-hatched fries can be achieved through smooth swimming and the process of active predation of the newly-hatched fries are sequentially carried out in an incubation barrel, a pool with woven bags and a pool (collectively called three-stage incubation technology), namely the fertilized eggs are incubated in the incubation barrel, after the fertilized eggs are hatched, egg membranes and grease are removed by adopting an egg membrane removal technology, the water quality is ensured to meet incubation requirements, after the fertilized eggs are hatched, the woven bags are laid in the pool, a pulse type micro-circulation water technology is adopted, and the fries are placed into the pool to be continuously incubated after the fries are opened.
Further, the steps specifically include:
1) after the fertilized eggs are disinfected, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel for air incubation, keeping the water body to flow fully without dead angles, after the fertilized eggs are taken out of the membrane, removing the membrane and grease by adopting a membrane removal technology, keeping the water body clear, ensuring that the water quality index meets the requirement, not changing water, reducing the stress reaction of the newly incubated fries, and improving the survival rate;
2) after the newly hatched fries treated in the step 1) reach the adversarial anti-stress capability, sucking the newly hatched fries into canvas bags arranged in a pond by a siphon method for continuously inflating and cultivating;
3) the newly hatched fries are cultured in the canvas bags until the eyes are developed completely and can be preyed actively, and then the newly hatched fries are placed in the pond for continuous culture.
Further, the egg membrane removal technology in the step 1) is carried out by air floatation and pvc pipe adsorption.
Further, the newly hatched fries in the step 2) are cultured in the canvas bags by adopting a pulse type microcirculation water technology, so that the problem of water quality deterioration caused by egg membranes and in-egg grease is solved, the micro-exchange of water in the canvas bags and the pond is ensured, and the stress reaction is reduced.
Further, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.05mg/L and the nitrite concentration is less than 0.01mg/L in the cultivation process.
Furthermore, the water flow rate of the pulse type micro-circulation water technology is 1000-1500mL/min, and the pulse frequency is 60-150 times/min.
Because the newly hatched fries do not have swimming ability in the early stage and can flow gradually along with waves, the pulse type microcirculation water technology drainage is intermittent drainage, and the newly hatched fries cannot be adhered to the wall of a drainage pipe because water is continuously drained and replaced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the traditional method, under the condition that the air inflation quantity of the hatching is not influenced by the sailcloth bag, the water circulation of the whole environment is insufficient, water flow dead corners exist, and fish fries are easy to sink and die due to oxygen deficiency when the fish fries are not developed to be capable of flat swimming. The dead fish fries cause the increase of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body and are easy to cause the death of a large amount of fish fries in seasons with higher temperature. In addition, the traditional method is difficult to change water, and fish flowers are injured to cause loss in the water changing process.
In the traditional method, after the fish flowers are hatched in the hatching barrel, the fish flowers are continuously cultivated until the fish flowers can swim horizontally and then are placed in a pond. The stress reaction of the fish fries in the early hatching period is relatively weak, the fish fries are placed into the sailcloth bag without loss caused by the stress reaction, the stress reaction is strong after the fish fries can swim horizontally, the difference between the water quality index in the barrel and the water quality index of the pond is large, and the fish fries are placed into the pond and are prone to death due to the stress reaction.
Therefore, the fertilized eggs are incubated in the incubation barrel, the water quality meets the incubation requirement by adopting an egg membrane removal technology in the incubation process, after the fertilized eggs are incubated, the fertilized eggs are cultured in pulse type micro-circulating water in the pond, and the fertilized eggs are placed into the pond after being incubated to be opened to be continuously cultured to commercial fish fries, so that the incubation rate of the fertilized eggs and the early survival rate of the fish fries are obviously improved, 60 percent of the survival rate of the fertilized eggs to the opened fish fries is improved to 90 percent by the traditional early culture method, and the method has an extremely important effect on promoting the artificial breeding of seawater fish to realize high and stable yield.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The three-stage cultivation method comprises the following steps: means that the fertilized eggs are cultured in an incubation barrel, a pond and a canvas bag which are distributed in the pond in the process of actively predating the newly-incubated fries.
The pulse type micro-circulation water technology of the following embodiment controls the water flow rate to be 1000-1500mL/min and the pulse frequency to be 60-150 times/min.
Example 1
1.1 hatching in a hatching barrel: before fertilized eggs are on site, 4 hatching barrels with the volume of 500 liters and 4 hatching barrels with the volume of 12m are prepared3The sailcloth bag. The operation is carried out by dividing 6 groups, the operation is carried out by using a three-stage cultivation method for 1-2 groups, 3-4 groups of fertilized eggs are directly subjected to inflation cultivation in an incubation barrel, and 5-6 groups of fertilized eggs are directly subjected to inflation cultivation in a canvas bag.
The next day after fertilization of fertilized egg (2019)16 pm 5 month 16 afternoon 16: 30) the eggs arrive at a farm, fertilized eggs are put into a water tank with the specific gravity of 1.020, the pH value of 8.12 and the DO value of 6.75mg.L after the separation of the damaged eggs and the water temperature balance-1And incubating in seawater with the water temperature of 28.5 ℃, putting 300g of fertilized eggs in 1-2 groups of incubation barrels, 300g of fertilized eggs in 3-4 groups of incubation barrels, and 300g of fertilized eggs in 5-6 groups of sailcloth bags.
When the night is 21: 00-22: the egg membrane-forming rate of the 00 and 6 groups of fish is respectively 97%, 96%, 98%, 85% and 87%.
1.2 after fertilized eggs come out of membrane, 1-2 groups remove the membrane and grease in an incubation barrel by adopting a membrane removing technology, and the membrane removing operation is carried out for 2 times in total, and the specific gravity of seawater is measured to be 1.020, the pH value is measured to be 8.08-8.10, and the DO value is measured to be 6.81mg.L-1The water temperature is 28.0 ℃, the water quality index meets the requirement (the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.05mg/L, the nitrite concentration is less than 0.01mg/L), water can not be changed, the stress reaction of the newly hatched fries is reduced, and the survival rate is improved. The next morning 1: 00, respectively sucking the fish flowers in 1-2 groups of hatching barrels into 1-2 groups of sailcloth bags by a siphon method for aeration cultivation, performing pulse type and air flow driving type method and pond micro-amount exchange water by using a special device (a micro-circulation water device), and measuring the specific gravity of seawater to be 1.020, the pH value to be 8.02 and the DO to be 6.42mg.L-1And the water temperature is 28.0 ℃.
3-4 groups adopt an egg membrane removing technology in an incubation barrel to remove egg membranes and grease, 22: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.15 and DO of 6.76mg.L-1And the water temperature is 28.0 ℃, and the water quality index meets the requirement at the moment. The next morning 1: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH 7.88 and DO 5.68mg.L-1And water temperature 27.7 ℃.
5-6 groups are cultivated in the air-filled sacks. 22: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.17 and DO of 5.76mg.L-1And the water temperature is 28.0 ℃, and the water quality index meets the requirement at the moment. The next morning 1: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.13 and DO of 5.56mg.L-1And the water temperature is 28.0 ℃.
The fertilized eggs of 1-2 groups appeared on the next morning of the membrane 11: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.20 and DO of 6.30mg.L-1The water temperature is 28.2 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 95 percent and 94 percent at the moment. Third morning 11: 00, measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.20 and DO of 6.41mg.L-1The ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite can not be detected, the water temperature is 28.1 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 92 percent and 92 percent at the moment.
The next morning of the emergence of the membrane of 3-4 groups of fertilized eggs is 11: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH 7.88 and DO 5.40mg.L-1And the water temperature is 28.3 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 96 percent and 98 percent at the moment. Third morning 11: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH 7.98 and DO 5.54mg.L-10.02mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, 0.01mg/L of nitrite and 28.3 ℃ of water, wherein the survival rate of the larval fish is 86 percent and 84 percent.
The fertilized eggs of 5-6 groups are fertilized in the next morning of 11: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.20 and DO of 6.30mg.L-1The water temperature is 28.2 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 80 percent and 81 percent at the moment. Third morning 11: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.20 and DO of 6.41mg.L-10.1mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and 0.02mg/L of nitrite, and the water temperature is 28.1 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 72 percent and 69 percent at the moment.
1.3 the newly hatched fries can be actively preyed after the eye development is perfect, and then the fries are put into a pond for continuous cultivation.
The results of this example are as follows:
the survival rate of 1-2 groups of fry before entering the pond is 92% and 90%. After the fish is placed in the pond, the fish flowers have good vitality and can quickly swim away, and no dead seedlings exist on the water surface.
The survival rate of 3-4 groups of fry before entering the pond is 82% and 80%. After the seedlings are put into the pond, the activity is weak, and more dead seedlings exist on the water surface due to stress reaction.
The survival rate of the larval fish of 5-6 groups is 68 percent and 61 percent before the larval fish enters the pond. After the fish is placed in the pond, the fish flowers have good vitality and can quickly swim away, and no dead seedlings exist on the water surface.
Example 2
2.1 hatching in a hatching barrel: before fertilized eggs are on site, 2 hatching barrels with the volume of 500 liters and 2 hatching barrels with the volume of 12m are prepared3The sailcloth bag. The operation is carried out in 3 groups, the operation is carried out in 1 group by using a three-stage cultivation method, the 2 groups of fertilized eggs are directly subjected to inflation cultivation in an incubation barrel, and the 3 groups of fertilized eggs are directly subjected to inflation cultivation in a canvas bag.
17 pm in 2019, 5 month, 25 days, and the following day after fertilization of fertilized eggs: 30 eggs arrive at a farm, fertilized eggs are put into the farm after the separation of the damaged eggs and the water temperature balanceSpecific gravity of 1.021, pH 8.25 and DO 6.17mg.L-1And incubating in seawater with the water temperature of 24.6 ℃, putting 300g of fertilized eggs in 1 group of incubation barrels, putting 300g of fertilized eggs in 2 groups of incubation barrels, and putting 300g of fertilized eggs in 3 groups of sailcloth bags.
23 at night: 00-23: the egg membrane emergence rates of 30 and 3 groups of fishes are respectively 94%, 93% and 82%.
2.2 after the fertilized eggs come out of the membrane, 1 group removes the membrane and grease in the hatching barrel by the membrane removing technology, and the membrane removing operation is carried out for 2 times in total, and the specific gravity of the seawater is measured to be 1.021, the pH value is measured to be 8.18, and the DO is measured to be 6.38mg.L-1The water temperature is 24.2 ℃, the water quality index meets the requirement, water can not be changed, the stress reaction of the newly hatched fries is reduced, the survival rate is improved, and the water quality index is 3: 00, sucking the fish flowers in 1 group of hatching barrels into 1 group of sailcloth bags for aeration cultivation by a siphon method, performing pulse type and air flow driving type method and micro-amount exchange of water in the pond by using a special device, and measuring the specific gravity of the seawater by 1.021, pH 8.08 and DO 6.31mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.1 ℃.
Group 2 adopts egg membrane removal technology in the hatching barrel to remove egg membrane and grease, 00: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.021, pH 8.14 and DO 6.46mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.3 ℃, and the water quality index meets the requirement. The next morning 3: 00, measured seawater specific gravity of 1.021, pH 8.14 and DO 6.46mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.2 ℃.
And 3 groups are cultivated in a sailcloth bag in an air inflation way. 00: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.021, pH 8.14 and DO 6.46mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.1 ℃, and the water quality index meets the requirement at the moment. The next morning 1: 00, measured seawater specific gravity of 1.021, pH 8.08 and DO 6.31mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.1 ℃.
Fertilized eggs of group 1 appeared on the next day at noon 12: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.45 and DO of 6.60mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.4 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 91 percent. Noon on the third day 12: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.15 and DO of 7.60mg.L-1The water temperature is 24.4 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite can not be measured, and the survival rate of the fry is 90 percent at the moment.
The fertilized eggs of 2 groups are fertilized at noon of the next day: 00, measured specific gravity of seawater of 1.020, pH of 7.88 and DO of 5.67mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.3 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 91 percent. Noon on the third day 12: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH 7.88 and DO 5.68mg.L-1The water temperature is 24.4 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.01mg/L, the nitrite is 0.005mg/L, and the survival rate of the fry is 86 percent.
The fertilized eggs of 3 groups are fertilized at noon of the next day: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.35 and DO of 6.61mg.L-1And the water temperature is 24.4 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 78 percent at the moment. Noon on the third day 12: 00 measured seawater specific gravity of 1.020, pH of 8.20 and DO of 6.41mg.L-10.11mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and 0.01mg/L of nitrite, and the water temperature is 24.4 ℃, and the survival rate of the fry is 74 percent at the moment.
1.3 the newly hatched fries can be actively preyed after the eye development is perfect, and then the fries are put into a pond for continuous cultivation.
The results of this example are as follows:
the survival rate of 1 group of fry before entering the pond is 90 percent. After the fish is placed in the pond, the fish flowers have good vitality and can quickly swim away, and no dead seedlings exist on the water surface.
The survival rate of 2 groups of fry before entering the pond is 82 percent. After the seedlings are put into the pond, the activity is weak, and more dead seedlings exist on the water surface due to stress reaction.
The survival rate of the 3 groups of fry before entering the pond is 62 percent. After the fish is placed in the pond, the fish flowers have good vitality and can quickly swim away, and no dead seedlings exist on the water surface.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. An early cultivation method of seawater fish seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the fertilized eggs can swim to the anti-stress capability of the newly hatched fries and the process of actively predating the newly hatched fries is sequentially cultivated in an incubation barrel, a pond and a canvas bag.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps are in particular:
1) sterilizing fertilized eggs, putting the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel, aerating and incubating the fertilized eggs, keeping the water body to flow fully without dead angles, and removing egg membranes and grease by adopting an egg membrane removal technology after the fertilized eggs are taken out of membranes;
2) after the newly hatched fries treated in the step 1) reach the adversarial anti-stress capability, sucking the newly hatched fries into canvas bags arranged in a pond by a siphon method for continuously inflating and cultivating;
3) the newly hatched fries are cultured in the canvas bags until the eyes are developed completely and can be preyed actively, and then the newly hatched fries are placed in the pond for continuous culture.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the egg membrane removal technique of step 1) is performed by air flotation and pvc tube adsorption.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said hatchling fish of step 2) is incubated in a rucksack using pulsed micro-circulating water technology.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.05mg/L and the concentration of nitrite is less than 0.01mg/L during the cultivation process.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flow rate of the pulse-type micro-circulation water technology is 1000-1500mL/min, and the pulse frequency is 60-150 times/min.
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