CN103262819B - Crossbreeding and seedling method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis - Google Patents
Crossbreeding and seedling method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crossbreeding and seedling method of odontobutis potamophila and odontobutis yaluensis. The crossbreeding and seedling method comprises the steps of parent selection, breeding and reproduction regulation and control, artificial insemination and incubation, and larvae juvenile fish cultivation. A hybrid fish has good characteristics of male parent and female parent, the large-scale production of hybrid fish fries can be achieved, a new strain (breed) of odontobutis obscura is hopefully crossbred and cultivated, and accordingly economical benefits of cultivation of the odontobutis obscura of China are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distant hybridization of fish method, refer more particularly to Odontobulis mpotamophila and Odontobutis yaluensis not of the same race between fish hybridization breeding, raising seedling method, belong to aquatic livestock crossbreeding technology field.
Background technology
Odontobulis mpotamophila (Odontobutis potamophila), be under the jurisdiction of Perciformes (Perciformes), goby suborder (Gobioidei), Odontobutis obscura section (Odontobutidae), Odontobutis (Odontobutis), popular name Pu fish, brave head shark, brave head idiot, careless mother-in-law fish, handwoven cloth fish, black straw bag etc. are a kind of comparatively famous and precious small-sized economic fishs.Common individual about 50g, maximum individuality is 175g.It is mainly distributed in lower Yangtze and riverine each tributary, Min River water system, Qiantang River, accidental Yellow River System.Odontobulis mpotamophila is few because of thorn between its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, flesh, is deeply subject to liking of the ground people such as river, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian.
Odontobutis yaluensis (Odontobutis yaluensis), be under the jurisdiction of Perciformes (Perciformes), goby suborder (Gobioidei), Odontobutis obscura section (Odontobutidae), Odontobutis (Odontobutis), be mainly distributed in the basins such as the upstream, the Liaohe River in Liaoning, the Yalu River, the large Yanghe River.Popular name becomes blind loud, high-pitched sound or blind fat fish, and this fish belongs to distinctive middle-size and small-size streams, Liaoning Province economic fish, and common individuality is at 75g ~ 150g, and the maximum reaches more than 250g.Its delicious meat, by the welcome in northern market, supply falls short of demand deeply.In the market mainly to fish for wild resource, this causes natural resources amount sharply to decline, and germ plasm resource is subject to heavy damage.There is the situation that supply falls short of demand in this fish final, price also rises year by year.General about the 100g market price can reach 30 ~ 60 yuan/kg, more than 250g can reach 100 ~ 200 yuan/kg.
Odontobulis mpotamophila is widely distributed, and wild resource is horn of plenty comparatively, and high temperature resistant, but growth rate is slow, and individuality is less; And Odontobutis yaluensis has been put into Chinese species Red List in 2004, wild resource is extremely limited.From early 1990s, the trial about Odontobulis mpotamophila artificial breeding has successively been carried out on the ground such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and in succession obtains certain success.So far, the artificial propagation of Odontobulis mpotamophila is comparatively ripe, but due to the not low temperature resistant ecological habit of Odontobulis mpotamophila, is difficult to promote in the north.Odontobutis yaluensis but makes current extensive artificial propagation techniques difficulty higher because of the ecological breeding habit of its uniqueness, as the breakthrough that this fish lays eggs that required water temperature is low, brooding time is long, fish-egg to constrain Odontobutis yaluensis artificial propagation techniques to the more high factor of requirement for environmental conditions.If Odontobulis mpotamophila and these two kinds of fishes of Odontobutis yaluensis are hybridized, the merit not only obtaining Parent theoretically namely individual large, growth is fast, also can be expanded on cultivation territorial scope, thus this hybridization fish be promoted in the whole nation become possibility, therefore, market prospects are huge.At present, in goby suborder, only there is the report that the Oxyeleotris marmoratus of Eleotridae (♀) × Oxyeleotris lineolatus (♂) is hybridized.About Odontobulis mpotamophila and Odontobutis yaluensis crossbreeding, there is not been reported.The object of this invention is to provide the crossbreeding seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila and Odontobutis yaluensis, it can meet the above-mentioned requirements of prior art.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is by regulation and control breeding environment water temperature, illumination and hormonal stimulation, accelerate the growth of parent population sexual gland in natural environment, artificial stimulation and control fish central nervous system and endocrine system, impel Odontobulis mpotamophila raun and Odontobutis yaluensis milter gonad development synchronous, by artificial insemination and hatching between kind, cultivate hybrid seedlings.
Cross breeding method of the present invention, content comprises the following steps: one) Juvenile stage; Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating; Three) artificial insemination and hatching; Four) larvae juvenile fish is cultivated.
One) Juvenile stage: pick out individual healthy and strong, disease-free, without disability, body surface without parasite, be in a good state of nutrition, Odontobulis mpotamophila more than 1 age is as female parent, and specification is 45g ~ 120g; Similarity condition screens satisfactory Odontobutis yaluensis as male parent, and specification is 60g ~ 150g.
Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating: the glass jar that parent population individuality puts into indoor 60 × 50 × 40cm specification respectively according to female-male proportion is cultivated, cultivates every cylinder 15 ~ 25 tails/m of density
3, dissolved oxygen maintains more than 5mg/L, illumination 600 ~ 800Lux, and circulation fine bourn stimulates, and changes water day 1 ~ 2 time; Based on the living bait shrimp of throwing something and feeding disease-free during parent culture.Odontobulis mpotamophila raun water temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 24 DEG C, and Odontobutis yaluensis milter water temperature controls at 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C.
Three) artificial insemination and hatching: comprising: 1) insemination prepares; 2) artificial insemination; 3) ovum is washed; 4) incubating oosperm
1) insemination prepares: observe parent population gonad development situation, select raun maturity good, (standard is that belly outward appearance is expanded) sponginess and flexible, and gonapophysis leading portion is fuller, gently presses ovary, and the ovum that takes a morsel is stand-by in dissection Microscopic observation maturation of ovum situation; Select the milter (standard is that gonapophysis is micro-red) of gonad maturity, collect the seminal fluid in spermary by belly extrusion, and use microexamination sperm viability; Whole crowded ovum process completes in 10min; Semen collection process can not have moisture or urine to mix, and time controling is in 10min;
2) artificial insemination: adopt dry method insemination, clamp-on ovum in the little china bowl filling seminal fluid, add activation of spermatozoa liquid after mixing, fall on net dish, fertilization process requires to complete in 5min, the rim of a bowl internal diameter 9cm of little china bowl, degree of depth 3.5cm;
3) wash ovum: after fertilized egg attachment net dish 10min., wash ovum 2 times with the fresh fresh water of 24 ± 1 DEG C, have the net dish of fertilized egg to be soaked in the methylene blue solution of 2ppm to sterilize what wash, choose dead ovum, time controling is in 10min simultaneously;
4) incubating oosperm: Odontobulis mpotamophila raun × Odontobutis yaluensis milter fertilized egg is adhesive egg, there is oily ball, transparent, in spindle, yolk is distributed in spheroid middle position, fertilized egg net dish is hatched in the water vat of 60 × 50 × 40cm, water temperature rises to 26 DEG C gradually from 23 DEG C, and every 24h rises 1 DEG C, dissolved oxygen >=6mg/L, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5, illumination is under the incubation condition of 600 ~ 2000Lux, and fertilized egg is hatched through about 336h, and prelarva demoulding is hatched.
Four) young, Juvenile and young fish is cultivated: seed density is 20,000 tails/m
3membrane puts down the 12 ~ 24h inner opening after trip, the cladocera of 60 ~ 80 order sizes that feeding has been sterilized, 8 a.m. and at 7 in evening respectively throw something and feed once, density of throwing something and feeding is 1 ~ 3/mL, throw something and feed in 14 ~ 25 days to membrane based on 40 ~ 60 object cladocera or Small Copepods, density of throwing something and feeding 0.5 ~ 2/mL, 60 ~ 80 object cladoceras or the fairy shrimp young are auxiliary, density of throwing something and feeding 1/mL; First cultivate 20 ~ 25 days in the water vat of 60 × 50 × 40cm after fry hatching, 14 day time-division seedling once.When fry growth is to 2cm, body surface scale has been grown, and feature speckle is clear, proceeds to 10m
3throw something and feed in great Chi water earthworm, throw something and feed when cultivating into about 3cm specification fry through 15 ~ 20 days chironomus larvas or water earthworm, its situation of throwing something and feeding is depending on food situation, and seed density is 300 ~ 400 tails/m
3; Water temperature 25 ± 1 DEG C during cultivation, dissolved oxygen maintains more than 5mg/L, and intensity control is between 1000 ~ 2000Lux;
In said method, described fish-egg the time of fertilization, activation of spermatozoa formula of liquid is as follows: NaCl2.6g/L, KCl0.04g/L, Tris-HCl0.24g/L, pH=8.0;
The terramycin of the cladocera of throwing something and feeding in whole cultivating process, Small Copepods 2ppm, the NaCl solution sterilization 10min of 1%.
Incubation condition water temperature rises to 26 DEG C gradually from 23 DEG C, and every 24h rises 1 DEG C, dissolved oxygen >=6mg/L, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5, illumination 600 ~ 2000Lux.
The ripe basic synchronization of this method male and female parent population, crossover operation is easy, fertilization rate average out to more than 80%; Incubation rate average out to more than 60%; Hybrid seedlings large-scale cultivation can be realized.Hybridize simultaneously the multinomial biological indicator of fry with the obvious advantage be greater than with batch Odontobulis mpotamophila from numerous seedling, as advantages such as cross hybrid seedling schistostoma are comparatively large, growth is fast, suitable temperature range is wide, there is hybrid vigour, be expected to cultivate hybridization Odontobutis obscura new lines.
Embodiment
The method of the crossbreeding nursery of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila raun and Odontobutis yaluensis milter comprises the following steps:
One, Juvenile stage; Pick out individual healthy and strong, disease-free, without disability, body surface without parasite, be in a good state of nutrition, Odontobulis mpotamophila more than 1 age is as female parent, and specification is 45g ~ 120g; Similarity condition screens satisfactory Odontobutis yaluensis as male parent, and specification is 60g-150g.
Two, parent fish rearing and genital regulating: female milter individuality is put into indoor 60 × 50 × 40cm respectively according to female-male proportion and cultivates, cultivate every cylinder 15 ~ 25 tails/m of density
3, dissolved oxygen maintains more than 5mg/L, illumination 600 ~ 2000Lux, and circulation fine bourn stimulates, and changes water day 1 ~ 2 time; During parent culture with disease-free living bait of throwing something and feeding based on little freshwater shrimp.Odontobulis mpotamophila raun water temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 24 DEG C, and Odontobutis yaluensis milter water temperature controls at 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C;
Daily management: during parent fish rearing, continuous charge, running water technology, rate of water exchange in 30% ~ 40%/sky, condition of water quality: between dissolved oxygen >=6.0mg/L, pH6.5 ~ 8.5, regularly fish jar is cleaned.
Three, artificial insemination and hatching: comprising: 1) insemination prepares; 2) artificial insemination; 3) ovum is washed; 4) incubating oosperm
1) insemination prepares: observe parent population gonad development situation, select raun maturity good, (standard is that belly outward appearance is expanded) sponginess and flexible, and gonapophysis leading portion is fuller, gently presses ovary, and the ovum that takes a morsel is stand-by in dissection Microscopic observation maturation of ovum situation; Select the milter (standard is that gonapophysis is micro-red) of gonad maturity, collect the seminal fluid in spermary by belly extrusion, and use microexamination sperm viability; Whole crowded ovum process completes in 10min; Semen collection process can not have moisture or urine to mix, and time controling is in 10min;
2) artificial insemination: adopt dry method insemination, clamp-on ovum in the little china bowl filling seminal fluid, add activation of spermatozoa liquid after mixing, fall on net dish, fertilization process requires to complete in 5min, the rim of a bowl internal diameter 9cm of little china bowl, degree of depth 3.5cm;
3) ovum is washed: after fertilized egg attachment net dish 10min, wash ovum 2-3 time with the fresh fresh water of 24 ± 1 DEG C, the washed net dish of fertilized egg that has is soaked in methylene blue solution, and concentration is 2ppm.
4) incubating oosperm: hatch and carry out in the water vat of 60 × 50 × 40cm, water temperature rises to 26 DEG C gradually from 23 DEG C, every 24h rises 1 DEG C, this temperature is kept after 26 DEG C, dissolved oxygen >=6mg/L, pH6.5 ~ 8.5, under illumination 600 ~ 2000lux incubation condition, fertilized egg was through hatching in 14 ~ 16 days, and prelarva demoulding is hatched;
5) seed rearing: seed density is 20,000 tails/m
3the cladocera of 60 ~ 80 order sizes that the 12 ~ 24h inner opening feeding after membrane puts down trip has been sterilized, 8 a.m. and at 7 in evening respectively throw something and feed once, density of throwing something and feeding is 1 ~ 3 tail/mL, threw something and fed based on 40-60 object cladocera or Small Copepods in 14 ~ 25 days of membrane, density of throwing something and feeding 0.5 ~ 2 tail/mL, 60 ~ 80 object cladoceras or the fairy shrimp young are auxiliary, density of throwing something and feeding 1 tail/mL; First cultivate 20 ~ 25 days in the water vat of 60 × 50 × 40cm after fry hatching, within 14 day, time-division seedling is once when fry growth has been grown to 2cm body surface scale, and feature speckle is clear, proceeds to 10m
3throw something and feed in great Chi water earthworm, throw something and feed when cultivating into about 3cm specification fry through 15 ~ 20 days chironomus larvas or water earthworm, its situation of throwing something and feeding is food and determines, and seed density is 300 ~ 400 tails/m
3; Water temperature 25 ± 1 DEG C during cultivation, dissolved oxygen maintains more than 5mg/L, and intensity control is between 1000 ~ 2000Lux;
6) the forming of specification fry: cultivate in the native pool, main bait is small-sized fishes and shrimps (pseudorasbora parva, mosquito fish, freshwater shrimps), and cultivating 12 months body weight can reach more than 100g, compares with the Odontobulis mpotamophila criticized from numerous seedling growth weight average 50 grams, there is the feature that growth is fast, possess commodity value.
Claims (5)
1. Odontobulis mpotamophila and Odontobutis yaluensis crossbreeding seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: one) Juvenile stage; Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating; Three) artificial insemination and hatching; Four) larvae juvenile fish is cultivated;
One) Juvenile stage: pick out individual healthy and strong, disease-free, without disability, body surface without parasite, be in a good state of nutrition, Odontobulis mpotamophila more than 1 age is as female parent, and specification is 45g ~ 120g; Similarity condition screens satisfactory Odontobutis yaluensis as male parent, and specification is 60g ~ 150g;
Two) parent fish rearing and genital regulating: parent population individuality is put into indoor glass jar respectively according to female-male proportion and cultivates, cultivate every cylinder 15 ~ 25 tails/m of density
3, dissolved oxygen maintains more than 5mg/L, illumination 600 ~ 800Lux, and circulation fine bourn stimulates, and changes water day 1 ~ 2 time; Based on the living bait shrimp of throwing something and feeding disease-free during parent culture; Odontobulis mpotamophila raun water temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 24 DEG C, and Odontobutis yaluensis milter water temperature controls at 18 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C;
Three) artificial insemination and hatching: comprising: 1) insemination prepares; 2) artificial insemination; 3) ovum is washed; 4) incubating oosperm
1) insemination prepares: observe parent population gonad development situation, select raun maturity good, sponginess and flexible, and gonapophysis leading portion is fuller, gently presses ovary, and the ovum that takes a morsel is stand-by in dissection Microscopic observation maturation of ovum situation; Select the milter of gonad maturity, collect the seminal fluid in spermary by belly extrusion, and use microexamination sperm viability; Whole crowded ovum process completes in 10min; Semen collection process can not have moisture or urine to mix, and time controling is in 10min;
2) artificial insemination: adopt dry method insemination, clamp-on ovum in the little china bowl filling seminal fluid, add activation of spermatozoa liquid after mixing, fall on net dish, Process of Insemination requires to complete in 5min, the rim of a bowl internal diameter 9cm of little china bowl, degree of depth 3.5cm;
3) wash ovum: after fertilized egg attachment net dish 10min, wash ovum 2 times with the fresh fresh water of 24 ± 1 DEG C, have the net dish of fertilized egg to be soaked in the methylene blue solution of 2ppm to sterilize what wash, choose dead ovum, time controling is at 10min simultaneously;
4) incubating oosperm: Odontobulis mpotamophila raun × Odontobutis yaluensis milter fertilized egg is adhesive egg, have oily ball, transparent, spindle, yolk is distributed in spheroid middle position, fertilized egg dish is hatched in the water vat of 60 × 50 × 40cm, water temperature rises to 26 DEG C gradually from 23 DEG C, and every 24h rises 1 DEG C, dissolved oxygen >=6mg/L, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5, illumination is under the incubation condition of 600 ~ 2000Lux, and fertilized egg is hatched through about 336h, and prelarva demoulding is hatched;
Four) young, Juvenile and young fish is cultivated: the cladocera that 60 ~ 80 order sizes that between 12 ~ 24h after prelarva membrane puts down trip, opening feeding has been sterilized are filtered, 8 a.m. and at 7 in evening respectively throw something and feed once, density of throwing something and feeding is 1 ~ 3/mL, throw something and feed based on the cladocera of 40 ~ 60 orders filtrations or Small Copepods between 14 ~ 25 days after prelarva membrane, density of throwing something and feeding 0.5 ~ 2/mL, 60 ~ 80 object cladoceras or the fairy shrimp young are auxiliary, density of throwing something and feeding 1/mL; After fry hatching, first cultivate 20 ~ 25 days in the water vat of 60 × 50 × 40cm, 14 day time-division seedling once; When fry growth is to 2cm, body surface scale has been grown, and feature speckle is clear, proceeds to 10m
3throw something and feed in great Chi water earthworm, throw something and feed when cultivating into about 3cm specification fry through 15 ~ 20 days chironomus larvas or water earthworm, its situation of throwing something and feeding is depending on food situation, and seed density is 300 ~ 400 tails/m
3; Water temperature 25 ± 1 DEG C during cultivation, dissolved oxygen maintains more than 5mg/L, and intensity control is between 1000 ~ 2000Lux.
2. Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1 and Odontobutis yaluensis crossbreeding seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that the object of described Juvenile stage, Odontobulis mpotamophila (Odontobutis potamophila) is as maternal, and Odontobutis yaluensis (Odontobutis yaluensis) is as male parent.
3. Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1 and Odontobutis yaluensis crossbreeding seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that fish-egg the time of fertilization, activation of spermatozoa formula of liquid is as follows: NaCl 2.6g/L, KCl 0.04g/L, Tris-HCl 0.24g/L, pH=8.0.
4. Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1 and Odontobutis yaluensis crossbreeding seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that the cladocera, the terramycin of Small Copepods 2ppm, the NaCl solution sterilization 10min of 1% that throw something and feed in whole cultivating process.
5. Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1 and Odontobutis yaluensis crossbreeding seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that incubation condition water temperature rises to 26 DEG C gradually from 23 DEG C, and every 24h rises 1 DEG C, dissolved oxygen >=6mg/L, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.5, illumination 600 ~ 2000Lux.
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| CN103651219B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-04-22 | 南京师范大学 | Cross breeding method for river odontobutis obscurus and marbled sand gobies |
| CN104396836B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of method that Odontobulis mpotamophila directional cross and family are cultivated |
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| CN105340803A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-24 | 江苏帅丰特种水产苗种科技有限公司 | Artificial cross-breeding method for Odontobutis obscura and Oxyeleotris marmorata |
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