CN107114279B - Large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish breeding method - Google Patents
Large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
A large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish breeding method relates to the technical field of mandarin fish breeding. The native mandarin fish in Anhui province has rich resources, various culture modes, wide culture distribution and large seedling demand, and key technologies such as mandarin fish parent selection, cultivation, induced spawning, seedling cultivation, disease control and the like are discussed for the artificial selection and propagation of the native mandarin fish in Anhui province, so that the industrial development of the mandarin fish is promoted. Compared with the prior art, the method can improve the survival rate of the mandarin fish fries by 80 percent, the growth of the fish fries is rapid, 1cm can grow every 3 days, the size is regular, the vitality is strong, the quality is good, and the large-batch sprouting is easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mandarin fish culture, in particular to a large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish breeding method.
Background
Mandarin fish, also known as mandarin fish, chelate fish, spine fish, fat mandarin fish, and flower crucian carp, is a common edible fish. The fish meat is tender, delicious and high in protein content, has the effects of tonifying consumptive disease and benefiting the spleen and the stomach, is a famous and precious aquatic product with high economic value, and is favored by people all the time. However, because of the construction of hydraulic engineering in various places, water pollution and the habit of eating live fishes and shrimps by mandarin fish, the mandarin fish is eliminated and limited as fierce enemy fish in the natural water area, so that the natural resource amount is reduced year by year. Since the 80 s, artificial mandarin fish culture has been developed successively in many areas of China, a series of technical problems from artificial propagation, seed culture, commercial fish culture and the like are well solved at present, and a certain production scale is formed. However, problems still exist in artificial mandarin fish culture, which are mainly shown in the following steps:
l, lack of compound feed suitable for gathering food of mandarin fish
The feeds for artificially feeding the mandarin fish in China are all live fish, so that the feed is high, water surface resources are wasted, and the development of mandarin fish production is seriously hindered. Meanwhile, the selection of palatable baits at different stages has no standard regulation, which is not only unfavorable for the growth of the mandarin fish, but also greatly consumes bait fish resources.
2. The survival rate of fry cultivation is generally low
Although the artificial breeding technology of mandarin fish is successful in some areas of China, the production scale is small. The survival rate of the mandarin fish cultured by the fingerlings is generally only 30-40 percent, and some survival rates are less than 5 percent, so that the quantity of the fingerlings required for culture is small, the price is high, and the development of artificial mandarin fish culture is restricted.
3. The consciousness of preventing and controlling diseases in the breeding process is low
As the mandarin fish breeding process is long, the mandarin fish needs to be of larger and higher specifications and higher quality, so that the disease control is very important in the production process. If the medicine is not taken in time, the survival rate is inevitably low, and a large loss is caused.
In addition, the native mandarin fish in Anhui province mainly comprises siniperca chuatsi, siniperca scherzeri, siniperca chuatsi, etc., and the selection of mandarin fish species including siniperca chuatsi, siniperca scherzeri and siniperca chuatsi can be carried out at present; because the supply and sale of the mandarin fish market are two vigorous, the demand of the mandarin fish is large, and therefore, a convenient condition is provided for the development of the manual mandarin fish selection and propagation. The method disclosed by the invention discusses key technologies such as mandarin fish parent selection, cultivation, induced spawning, fingerling cultivation, disease control and the like so as to promote the development of the mandarin fish industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish propagation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1) parent cultivation
Parent selection and stocking: requirement for mandarin fish parent selection, 2+The weight of each individual is more than 1.2kg, and the individual is free of injury and disease and perfect in body shape; after parent selection, according to 667m2Placing 60-80 kg of mandarin fish parents; 250kg/667m of pond matched placement2Palatable bait fish; the bait fish is 50 bighead carp tails/kg, 30 crucian carp tails/kg, has no injury or disease, and is thrown after being strictly disinfected;
spring cultivation: after beginning spring, the water quality change is noticed, and the water is flushed at proper time to keep the water fresh and rich in oxygen; in March, the water is flushed intensively, the low water level of the parent culture pond is kept unchanged, and the temperature rise of pond water is accelerated; flushing water frequently in April, paying attention to supply of palatable bait fishes, and observing the ingestion condition of parents; strengthening pond patrol in the morning and evening, observing water temperature and controlling the optimal time for hastening parturition; the lack of dissolved oxygen in the pond water body is avoided during the cultivation period in spring;
step 2) hastening parturition
Selecting the opportunity: after the water temperature is stabilized above 18 ℃ for one week, the ingestion condition of the parent fish is not obvious and the phenomenon of edge slipping exists, and then the artificial spawning induction can be carried out; or; the parents are caught by hands in the offal for judgment, the sperms of the male fish are good, the abdomen of the female fish is soft, and the artificial spawning induction can be carried out when the anus is pink; when the artificial induced spawning is started, the induced spawning date can be determined in good weather without greatly reducing the temperature within the next week; carrying out manual breeding from late April to early May;
medicine injection: adopting natural oviposition method, inducing spawning with DOM medicine, artificial insemination adopting LRH-A2Adding HCG medicine for inducing spawning; one injection is carried out in the thoracic cavity, and the dosage of the prepared medicament does not exceed 3ml in each injection;
hatching management: the hatching loop requires uniform and rapid water spraying without dead corners, a lifting plate is used for stirring water for 15-30 min once in the hatching process, and the accumulation of mandarin fish egg grains is prevented until the seedlings are flattened after membrane formation; the density of fertilized eggs in the hatching loop is determined according to the opening condition, and 10 ten thousand eggs/m are opened in the hatching loop3Is a basePreparing;
step 3) opening
Selecting initial feed: starting the young fries with megalobrama amblycephala when the young fries are just opened, starting the young fries with silver carps and grass carps when the young fries are opened in a large scale, and supplying the young fries to the opening within 12h after the young fries are started;
and (3) split seedling matching induced spawning: hastening parturition of megalobrama amblycephala is generally started after the oviposition seedlings of the mandarin fish, hastening parturition of silver carps and grass carps is generally carried out after the flat swimming of the mandarin fish seedlings is 12 hours, and two batches of opening seedlings are continuously hastened for later use;
and (3) management during opening: cleanliness in the loop: before eggs are put into the hatching ring, the ring path must be sterilized and disinfected; reasonable density: controlling the density of the mandarin fish fries in the circular channel by taking the number of the opening fries as a reference, which is more than 6 times of the number of the mandarin fish fries; constitution of mandarin fish fry: observing the physique of the mandarin fish fries before and after opening, avoiding diseases and avoiding medicaments during opening;
step 4) cultivation of summer flowers
Selecting a cultivation mode: the seedlings need to be separately cultivated after being opened, and circular flow cultivation or flat pond cultivation is adopted; the cultivation density of the circular flowing water is 0.5-1.0 ten thousand tails/m3The cultivation density of the flat pond is 0.3-0.5 ten thousand tails/m3Timely dividing the pond along with the increase of the growth of the mandarin fish seedlings, and requiring the allocation of an oxygen increasing facility;
the palatable bait fish is matched with: in order to ensure the growth requirement, different bait fishes are fed in each stage; feeding silver carp and grass carp fries in early stage of advection within 3d after opening, and feeding silver carp and grass carp with hair seeds on waist after 3 d; feeding the siniperca chuatsi fries with bait when the siniperca chuatsi fries grow to about 1.5cm before the hair seeds are opened; feeding palatable small black beans when the black beans grow to about 1.8 cm; when the mandarin fish grows to 2.5cm, the food intake of the mandarin fish is changed to be food from the head of the bait fish, and the requirement of the small-sized mandarin fish is that 1/3-2/3 of the mandarin fish is the best, and 70% of the mandarin fish cannot be broken through; in the production of mandarin fish, bait fish is fed according to the 'palatable standard, small and no big'.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the method also comprises the prevention and control of diseases in the breeding process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) protozoal disease prevention and treatment: the mandarin fish is easy to have protozoal diseases before the size of 2.5 cm; observing the moving condition of the fry at any time during the cultivation in the pond, performing microscopic examination once every 4h, and generally sprinkling and disinfecting the fry in the whole pond once a week; the microscopic examination is more frequent during the loop cultivation, and the 3d medicated bath is generally carried out once; meanwhile, the thrown bait fish is fed after being required to be disinfected;
epidemic bacterial and viral diseases prevention and treatment: the mandarin fish is easy to have epidemic bacteria and virus diseases within the period of 2.5-3.5 cm; feeding bait fish after being sterilized by povidone iodine, sterilizing the bait fish by povidone iodine every other day, and simultaneously using a pesticide for preventing and treating insect pests to prevent and treat infection; the common medicines can be selected from trichloroisocyanuric acid, copper sulfate, povidone iodine, chlorine dioxide, abamectin, dibromohydantoin and enrofloxacin; the drug sensitivity test is required for the first use, so that the safe medication is ensured;
large-scale parasitic disease prevention and treatment: the large parasitic diseases in each stage have high infection rate, are commonly suffered from lernaea and carp louse diseases, are parasitic on anus and dorsal spine, and are mainly controlled by abamectin pesticides.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can improve the survival rate of the mandarin fish fries by 80 percent, the growth of the fish fries is rapid, the fish fries can grow by 1cm every 3 days, the size is regular, the activity is strong, the quality is good, and the large-batch sprouting is easy to realize.
Detailed Description
A large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1) parent cultivation
1.1 parent selection
Requirement for mandarin fish parent selection, 2+Over age, the weight of each individual is over 1.2kg, and the health care pillow has no injury, no disease and perfect body shape.
1.2 parent stocking amount
After parent selection, according to 667m2Placing 60-80 kg of mandarin fish parents.
1.3 area of cultivation pond
The pond area is 1334m2It is preferable.
1.4 enough palatable live baits
250kg/667m of the product is placed in a matching way2Palatable bait fish. The required specifications are 50 bighead carp tails/kg, 30 crucian carp tails/kg, and bait fish is harmless and disease-free, and is thrown after strict disinfection.
1.5 cultivation in spring
After beginning spring, the water quality should be changed, and the water is flushed at proper time to keep the water fresh and rich in oxygen. In March, the pond is flushed with water intensively, the parent culture pond is kept at a low water level and does not change color, and the temperature of pond water is increased. In April, water is flushed frequently, the supply of palatable bait fishes is noticed, and the feeding condition of parents is observed. The pond patrol is strengthened in the morning and evening, the water temperature is observed, and the optimal time for hastening parturition is controlled. And the lack of dissolved oxygen in the pond water body is avoided during the culture period in spring.
Step 2) hastening parturition
2.1 timing selection
After the water temperature is stabilized above 18 ℃ for one week, the ingestion condition of the parent fish is not obvious and the phenomenon of edge slipping exists, and the normal condition indicates that the artificial spawning induction can be carried out at the moment; the parents can be caught by hands in the water for judgment, the sperms of the male fish are good, the abdomen of the female fish is soft, and the artificial spawning induction can be carried out when the anus is pink; meanwhile, weather forecast is also needed to be paid attention to, and the date of induced spawning can be determined when the weather is good without greatly reducing the temperature in the next week when artificial induced spawning is started. It is generally suitable to perform manual breeding from late April to early May.
2.2 injection of drugs
Selection of DOM and LRH-A for artificial reproduction of mandarin fish oxytocic2And HCG, the oxytocic effect is very stable. The practioners think that the DOM medicine is better for hastening parturition when adopting a natural spawning method, and LRH-A is adopted for artificial insemination2Adding HCG medicine is suitable for inducing spawning. One injection is carried out in the thoracic cavity, and the dosage of the preparation is preferably not more than 3ml after each injection.
2.3 incubation management
Because the mandarin fish roe is semi-floating roe, the egg membrane is firm and thick, the oil globule is small, the mandarin fish roe specific gravity is larger than the mandarin fish roe, and the mandarin fish roe is easy to accumulate during running water incubation, the incubation circular channel requires uniform and rapid water spraying without dead angle to prevent the accumulation phenomenon; and in the hatching process, the lifting plate is used for stirring water for 15-30 min once to prevent the egg grains of the mandarin fish from being accumulated until the seedling body becomes flat after the membrane is formed. The density of fertilized eggs in the hatching loop is determined according to the opening condition, and 10 ten thousand eggs/m are opened in the hatching loop3As a reference.
Step 3) opening
3.1 initial bait selection
Because the mandarin fish fry is tender and the size of the opened mandarin fish fry is only about 0.5cm, the smaller the size of the opened mandarin fish fry is, the better the mandarin fish fry is. At present, megalobrama amblycephala initialization seedlings are mostly used for initial seedlings, silver carp and grass carp initialization seedlings can be used for large-scale initial seedlings, but the initial seedlings are supplied within 12h after the initial seedlings are generated.
3.2 open-shoot matched induction of labor
The mandarin fish fries are opened 72h after the mandarin fish fries are generally filmed, the peak is opened for about 12h, and the stable production can be realized only by holding the peak of the opening. The oxytocic parturition of megalobrama amblycephala is generally started after the oviposition seedlings of the mandarin fish are fertilized, the oxytocic parturition of chub and grass carp is generally performed after the seedlings of the mandarin fish are flatly bred for 12 hours, and in order to grasp the open-mouth closes, two batches of open-mouth seedlings can be preferably continuously induced to spawn for later use.
3.3 several hidden troubles during opening
Cleanliness in the loop: as the mandarin fish is thick in the egg membrane, insoluble and susceptible to saprolegnia, the occurrence of saprolegnia is difficult to control when the mandarin fish is cooled; although the opening of the mandarin fish is touched, the mandarin fish fry is difficult to open to take baits when the water body is seriously polluted; the circuit must be sterilized before the eggs are placed in the hatching ring.
Reasonable density: because the number of the opening seedlings is more than 6 times of that of the mandarin fish seedlings, the seedling placing amount in the circular channel needs to be considered comprehensively, the mandarin fish seedlings with low density are difficult to ingest bait seedlings, and the mandarin fish seedlings with high density are easy to lack oxygen locally. Therefore, the siniperca chuatsi seedlings with low density or high density can not be orally ingested.
Constitution of mandarin fish fry: the physique condition of the mandarin fish fries should be observed before and after the opening, no diseases are generated, and the medicines are stopped during the opening.
Step 4) cultivation of summer flowers
4.1 selection of cultivation methods
Because the opening requires reasonable high density, the seedling body needs to be separately cultivated after the opening. There are currently two approaches: and (4) circular-path flowing water cultivation and flat-pool cultivation. The cultivation density of the circular flowing water is 0.5-1.0 ten thousand tails/m3The cultivation density of the flat pond is 0.3-0.5 ten thousand tails/m3And timely pond division is required along with the growth increase of the mandarin fish seedlings, and oxygen increasing facilities are required to be equipped. The problem of dissolved oxygen is not caused in the circulating water, but the fry has the water-bearing habit and easily consumes physical energy and dirtThe water is stopped to be discharged every day, and the medicine is only used for medicated bath; the problem of dissolved oxygen is noticed in the flat pond cultivation, the pond water has a relatively stable environment, the disease control whole pond is uniformly splashed, the seedling consumption is less than that of a circular channel, the method can be carried out in a turnover pond, the pollution discharge in every day is not needed, the labor amount is small, and the mandarin fish cultivation in summer in the flat pond is good.
4.2 palatable bait fish
The mandarin fish needs palatable live baits to ensure the growth of the mandarin fish, different bait fishes are fed in each stage, chub and grass carp feather seeds in the early stage of adversity are fed in 3d after opening the mandarin fish, the chub and grass carp feather seeds are fed in 3d, and feather seeds of various specifications are fed in one week. The period when the mandarin fish fry grows to about 1.5cm is the period when scales and spines are long, the quality of feed for the hair seeds is required to be good, and the best condition is not to feed the hair seeds of bighead carps. When the fish grows to about 1.8cm, the mandarin fish needs to be fed with palatable small black fish for nutrition for body development, which is a key period for changing the feeding habits of the mandarin fish fries. When the mandarin fish grows to 2.5cm, the food intake of the mandarin fish is changed to be food from the head of the bait fish, and the requirement of the small-sized mandarin fish is that 1/3-2/3 of the mandarin fish is the best, and 70% of the mandarin fish cannot be broken through. The bait fish with too large specification cannot be eaten, the bait is wasted, the problems of support and choke are caused, and the diseases are easy to be popular; the bait fish with the small size is fed to the mandarin fish with high energy consumption and high bait consumption, and the bait fish is recommended to be fed according to the requirements of palatability and dimension of small fish and no large fish in the production of the mandarin fish. The matched feeding of the mandarin fish fries and bait fish in large-scale production is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Scale production of mandarin fish fry and bait fish feeding matching table
Finally, as the mandarin fish breeding process is long, the mandarin fish needs to be of larger and larger specification and higher quality, so that the disease control is very important in the production process.
5) Disease control
5.1 control of protozoal diseases
Because the mandarin fish seedlings are tender, live baits are eaten, and the water quality is easy to pollute, the probability of infecting protozoa diseases is high. In the actual production, the method of mainly preventing and controlling the medicines and secondarily treating the medicines is adopted to prevent the protozoal disease from being epidemic. The main medicine is CuSO4Potassium permanganate, ciliate, etc. Observing the moving condition of the fry at any time during the cultivation in the pond, performing microscopic examination once every 4h, generally sprinkling and disinfecting the fry in the whole pond every week, and performing special treatment under special conditions; the microscopic examination is more frequent during the loop cultivation, and the 3d medicated bath is generally carried out once. Meanwhile, the bait fish put in the bait is required to be disinfected and then fed. The disease is easy to occur before 2.5cm, particularly before 1.5cm, and if the prevention is not good, great loss is caused to the production of mandarin fish fries.
5.2 epidemic bacterial and viral diseases
As the current fishery production development is rapid, the diseases are more, the cross infection probability is high, and the mandarin fish is easy to have epidemic bacteria and virus diseases in the specification of 2.5-3.5 cm, the prevention and control are particularly important in the period, the bait fish is strictly disinfected by povidone iodine and then fed, and is disinfected by povidone iodine every other day, and simultaneously, the infection is prevented and controlled by using the pesticide for preventing and controlling insect pests. The common medicines can be selected from trichloroisocyanuric acid, copper sulfate, povidone iodine, chlorine dioxide, abamectin, dibromohydantoin, enrofloxacin and the like, and if the common medicines are used for the first time, a susceptibility test is required to be performed so as to ensure safe medication.
5.3 Large parasitic diseases
Although the scale of the mandarin fish is fine, the infection rate of large parasitic diseases at the fingerling stage is high. The common lernaea is parasitic on anus and dorsal spine, carp louse also appears in large scale in late June (fish body is cleaned in box and transferred to pond), and the others are rare and are mainly controlled by abamectin pesticides.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.
Claims (1)
1. A large-scale artificial selective mandarin fish propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) parent cultivation
Parent selection and stocking: requirement for mandarin fish parent selection, 2+The weight of each individual is more than 1.2kg, and the individual is free of injury and disease and perfect in body shape; after parent selection, according to 667m2Placing 60-80 kg of mandarin fish parents; 250kg/667m of pond matched placement2Palatable bait fish; the bait fish is 50 bighead carp tails/kg, 30 crucian carp tails/kg, has no injury or disease, and is thrown after being strictly disinfected;
spring cultivation: after beginning spring, the water quality change is noticed, and the water is flushed at proper time to keep the water fresh and rich in oxygen; in March, the water is flushed intensively, the low water level of the parent culture pond is kept unchanged, and the temperature rise of pond water is accelerated; flushing water frequently in April, paying attention to supply of palatable bait fishes, and observing the ingestion condition of parents; strengthening pond patrol in the morning and evening, observing water temperature and controlling the optimal time for hastening parturition; the lack of dissolved oxygen in the pond water body is avoided during the cultivation period in spring;
step 2) hastening parturition
Selecting the opportunity: after the water temperature is stabilized above 18 ℃ for one week, the ingestion condition of the parent fish is not obvious and the phenomenon of edge slipping occurs, and then the artificial spawning induction is carried out; or; the parents are caught by hands in the offal for judgment, the sperms of the male fish are good, the abdomen of the female fish is soft, and the artificial spawning induction is carried out when the anus is pink; when the artificial induced spawning is started, the induced spawning date can be determined in good weather without greatly reducing the temperature within the next week; manually selecting and breeding from late April to early May;
medicine injection: adopting natural oviposition method, inducing spawning with DOM medicine, artificial insemination adopting LRH-A2Adding HCG medicine for inducing spawning; one injection is carried out in the thoracic cavity, and the dosage of the prepared medicament does not exceed 3ml in each injection;
hatching management: the hatching loop requires uniform and rapid water spraying without dead corners, a lifting plate is used for stirring water for 15-30 min once in the hatching process, and the accumulation of mandarin fish egg grains is prevented until the seedlings are flattened after membrane formation; the fertilized eggs in the hatching loop have the density of 10 ten thousand eggs/m3As a benchmark;
step 3) opening
Selecting initial feed: starting the young fries with megalobrama amblycephala when the young fries are just opened, starting the young fries with silver carps and grass carps when the young fries are opened in a large scale, and supplying the young fries to the opening within 12h after the young fries are started;
and (3) split seedling matching induced spawning: hastening parturition of megalobrama amblycephala is started after the oviposition seedlings of the mandarin fish, hastening parturition of silver carps and grass carps is carried out after the seedlings of the mandarin fish are horizontally swim for 12 hours, and continuously hastening parturition of two batches of open seedlings for later use;
and (3) management during opening: cleanliness in the loop: before eggs are put into the hatching ring, the ring path must be sterilized and disinfected; reasonable density: controlling the density of the mandarin fish fries in the circular channel by taking the number of the opening fries as a reference, which is more than 6 times of the number of the mandarin fish fries; constitution of mandarin fish fry: observing the physique of the mandarin fish fries before and after opening, avoiding diseases and avoiding medicaments during opening;
step 4) cultivation of summer flowers
Selecting a cultivation mode: the seedlings need to be separately cultivated after being opened, and circular flow cultivation or flat pond cultivation is adopted; the cultivation density of the circular flowing water is 0.5-1.0 ten thousand tails/m3The cultivation density of the flat pond is 0.3-0.5 ten thousand tails/m3Timely dividing the pond along with the increase of the growth of the mandarin fish seedlings, and requiring the allocation of an oxygen increasing facility;
the palatable bait fish is matched with: in order to ensure the growth requirement, different bait fishes are fed at each stage:
feeding 6 ten thousand chub and grass carp initialization fries every 1 thousand mandarin fish fries on the 1 st day after opening the mouth;
feeding 6 ten thousand, 6 ten thousand and 6 ten thousand chub and grass carp early-stage seedlings respectively for 1 ten thousand mandarin fish seedlings 2, 3 and 4 days after opening;
5, 6 and 7 days after the opening, respectively feeding 10 ten thousand, 15 ten thousand and 15 ten thousand Siniperca chuatsi and grass carp with spotted-haired seedlings at the waist of each 1 ten thousand Siniperca chuatsi seedlings;
the mandarin fish fries grow to 1.5-1.7 cm on 8 th and 9 th days, and the mandarin fish fries are respectively fed with 20 ten thousand, 20 ten thousand chubs and grass carp fries with feather seeds at the waist point until the feather seeds are opened;
the mandarin fish fries grow to 1.8-2.1 cm on the 10 th and 11 th days, and 5 ten thousand, 6 thousand chub fries and small black-bone fries of grass carp are respectively fed to every 1 thousand mandarin fish fries;
the mandarin fish fries grow to 2.2-2.4 cm on the 12 th and 13 th days, and 6 million, 7 million chub and small grass carp black-bone fries are respectively fed to every 1 million mandarin fish fries;
when the mandarin fish fries grow to 2.5cm, the feeding of the mandarin fish is changed to be carried out from the head of the bait fish, and the specification requirement of the small black fish is 1/3-2/3 of the length of the mandarin fish fries; the mandarin fish fries grow to 2.5-3.0 cm on 14 th and 15 th days, and 7 ten thousand, 8 thousand chub and small grass carp black-bone fries are respectively fed to every 1 thousand mandarin fish fries;
the mandarin fish fries grow to 3.1-4.0 cm on 16 th and 17 th days, and 8 thousands of chub fries and small grass carp fries are respectively fed to every 1 ten thousands of mandarin fish fries;
feeding bait fishes according to the characteristics of palatable specification and small and medium bait in mandarin fish production;
step 5) prevention and control of diseases in the breeding process
And (3) protozoal disease prevention and treatment: the mandarin fish is easy to have protozoal diseases before the size of 2.5 cm; observing the moving condition of the fry at any time during the cultivation in the pond, performing microscopic examination once every 4h, and sprinkling and disinfecting once every week in the whole pond; the microscopic examination is more frequent during the loop cultivation, and the medicated bath is carried out once in 3 days; meanwhile, the thrown bait fish is fed after being required to be disinfected;
epidemic bacterial and viral diseases prevention and treatment: the mandarin fish is easy to have epidemic bacteria and virus diseases within the period of 2.5-3.5 cm; feeding bait fish after being sterilized by povidone iodine, sterilizing the bait fish by povidone iodine every other day, and simultaneously using a pesticide for preventing and treating insect pests to prevent and treat infection; the common medicines are trichloroisocyanuric acid, copper sulfate, povidone iodine, chlorine dioxide, abamectin, dibromohydantoin and enrofloxacin; the drug sensitivity test is required for the first use, so that the safe medication is ensured;
large-scale parasitic disease prevention and treatment: the large parasitic diseases in each stage have high infection rate, are commonly suffered from lernaea and carp louse diseases, are parasitic on anus and dorsal spine, and are mainly controlled by abamectin pesticides.
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