CN110881429A - Mixed culture method for tilapia mossambica and penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Mixed culture method for tilapia mossambica and penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- CN110881429A CN110881429A CN201911130879.0A CN201911130879A CN110881429A CN 110881429 A CN110881429 A CN 110881429A CN 201911130879 A CN201911130879 A CN 201911130879A CN 110881429 A CN110881429 A CN 110881429A
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 title description 4
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 22
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000723347 Cinnamomum Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following steps of S1, preparation work before stocking: cleaning the sewage, sterilizing, removing harm, killing harmful organisms in the pond, installing a water inlet and drainage filter screen and a purse net with thick marks, and draining water after the installation is finished to sterilize a water body; s2, water cultivation: after 3 days of water body disinfection, fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the water surface after being dissolved by water, topdressing can be continuously carried out for 1 time every day until the transparency of pool water is about 25cm, and after water fertilization, a probiotic preparation is applied 2 days before seedling placement to keep the balance of the water body micro-ecological environment; before mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone, the tilapia is subjected to primary disinfection and sterilization, germs carried by the tilapia are reduced, diseases are reduced, and the survival rate of the fish and the shrimp is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
The tilapia is commonly named as Nanyang crucian carp, African crucian carp, non-crucian carp, Vietnam fish, Nanyang crucian carp and the like. The primordial line refers to the non-crucian fish species hatched in the Mosangbick mode production area. Generally, the water-saving agent can live in fresh water, can also live in saline water with different salt contents, and can also live in shallow water of lakes, rivers and ponds. It has strong adaptability, can be propagated in water area with small area, can be grown even in paddy field, and has strong adaptability to water with less dissolved oxygen. Most tilapia mossambica are omnivorous and often eat plants and debris in water. In southern coastal areas, abundant brackish water resources are provided, and the salinity difference of water bodies is large due to the influence of seasons, so that the attempts of polyculturing tilapia besides silver carp, bighead carp, crucian carp and other conventional fishes are made while the penaeus vannamei boone is bred, and a mature breeding mode is formed.
The existing method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone has the advantages that the condition that the tilapia is sick easily occurs in the actual culture process, the survival rate of the tilapia and the penaeus vannamei boone is reduced, the yield is reduced, when the tilapia is put in, the tilapia carries pathogens, the pathogens have small influence on the tilapia, but have large influence on the seedlings of the penaeus vannamei boone, and the penaeus vannamei boone is easy to be sick.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei, which aims to solve the problems that the existing method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei in the background art is easy to cause the disease of the tilapia and the penaeus vannamei in the actual culture process, reduces the survival rate of the tilapia and the yield, wherein when the tilapia is put in, the tilapia carries pathogens, the pathogens have little influence on the tilapia mossambica, but have great influence on the seedlings of the penaeus vannamei, and the penaeus vannamei is easy to cause the disease of the penaeus vannamei.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before seedling release: cleaning the sewage, sterilizing, removing harm, killing harmful organisms in the pond, installing a water inlet and drainage filter screen and a purse net with thick marks, and draining water after the installation is finished to sterilize a water body;
s2, water cultivation: after 3 days of water body disinfection, fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the water surface after being dissolved by water, topdressing can be continuously carried out for 1 time every day until the transparency of pool water is about 25cm, and after water fertilization, a probiotic preparation is applied 2 days before seedling placement to keep the balance of the water body micro-ecological environment;
s3, seed putting: when the water temperature is stable above 18 ℃, putting the penaeus vannamei boone into a fish pond, then putting the tilapia, before putting the tilapia, adopting a disinfection solvent to disinfect the tilapia, putting the fish fries into water added with the disinfection solvent, soaking for 10-20 minutes, putting the fish fries 3-4 times and the shrimp fries 5-7 times into a pond water body, wherein the time interval of putting the fish fries is 5-10 days, the time interval of putting the shrimp fries is 3-6 days, starting an aerator after 3 months of putting the fries, and the aeration time is 3-5 hours;
s4, seedling culture: feeding the shrimp fries 2 days after the shrimp fries are put into the pond, feeding 30-50 g of the feed for every 10 ten thousand shrimp fries 5 days before, feeding for 4 times every day, and increasing the feeding amount by 20 percent every day; and after 2-3 days of first fry feeding, feeding fish feed to the pond water body according to the daily feeding amount of 2-7% of fish weight, and after continuously feeding for 30-40 days, feeding the fish and shrimp mixed feed to the pond water body.
Preferably, the fertilizer used in the water body cultivation is a mixture of urea, a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and calcium carbonate, and 3 parts of urea, 3 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potash fertilizer and 3 parts of calcium carbonate are taken, and the materials are put into a stirrer to be fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the fish and shrimp mixed feed consists of fish feed and shrimp feed, and the ratio of the fish feed to the shrimp feed is 3: 1.
Preferably, the preparation of the fish and shrimp mixed feed comprises the steps of weighing the fish feed and the shrimp feed in proportion, adding water into the weighed fish feed, stirring, adding the shrimp feed after stirring for 10 minutes, and continuing stirring for 15 minutes to obtain the fish and shrimp mixed feed.
Preferably, the fish feed consists of the following components: 7-12 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of wheat bran powder, 15-21 parts of corn protein powder, 15-21 parts of bean cake protein powder, 3-6 parts of earthworm powder, 4-6 parts of cinnamon powder, 3-5 parts of a vitamin mixture and 1.5-3.5 parts of a mineral additive.
Preferably, when the fish feed is prepared, fish meal, wheat bran powder, corn protein powder and bean cake protein powder are poured into a container to be stirred, after the fish meal, the wheat bran powder, the corn protein powder and the bean cake protein powder are uniformly mixed, the rest earthworm powder, the cassia bark powder, the vitamin mixing agent and the mineral additive are poured into the container to be stirred, after the fish feed is uniformly stirred, a small amount of deionized water is added to soften the fish feed, and the fish feed is stirred simultaneously.
Preferably, the shrimp feed consists of the following components: 20-30 parts of corn flour, 15-35 parts of wheat bran powder, 13-26 parts of zymoprotein, 10-21 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-4 parts of selenium-rich yeast and 2-3 parts of compound vitamin.
Preferably, the preparation method of the shrimp feed comprises the steps of pouring corn flour, wheat bran powder, enzymolysis protein and silkworm chrysalis into a container, stirring, adding a proper amount of warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ after stirring, continuously stirring, adding bacillus subtilis, selenium-enriched yeast and compound vitamins, and continuously and uniformly mixing.
Preferably, the disinfectant solvent adopts 20ppm potassium permanganate and 8ppm copper sulfate and proper amount of water, potassium permanganate: copper sulfate: the proportion of proper amount of water is 0.2: 0.1: 10.
the invention provides a method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, before mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone, primary disinfection and sterilization are carried out on tilapia, germs carried by tilapia are reduced, diseases are reduced, and the survival rate of fish and shrimp is improved.
(2) The fish and shrimp mixed feed provided by the invention has rich protein and multiple vitamins, so that the proportion of various nutrient components is moderate, and the fish and shrimp mixed feed has good palatability, easy absorption, high growth speed and strong disease resistance, and is suitable for two varieties of tilapia and penaeus vannamei.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before seedling release: cleaning the sewage, sterilizing, removing harm, killing harmful organisms in the pond, installing a water inlet and drainage filter screen and a purse net with thick marks, and draining water after the installation is finished to sterilize a water body;
s2, water cultivation: after 3 days of water body disinfection, 3 parts of urea, 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potash fertilizer and 3 parts of calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed to prepare fertilizer, then the fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the water surface after being dissolved by water, topdressing can be continuously carried out for 1 time every day until the transparency of pool water is about 25cm, and after water fertilization, a probiotic preparation is applied 2 days before seedling placement to keep the balance of the water body micro-ecological environment;
s3, seed putting: when the water temperature is stabilized to be more than 18 ℃, the penaeus vannamei boone is firstly put into a fish pond, then the tilapia is put into the fish pond, and before the tilapia is put into the fish pond, 20ppm of potassium permanganate, 8ppm of copper sulfate and a proper amount of water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 0.2: 0.1: 10, then placing the fry in water added with a disinfection solvent for immersion washing for 10 minutes, putting the fry and shrimp fries into a fishpond for 3 times and 5 times in the fry throwing process, wherein the time interval of putting the fry is 5 days, the time interval of putting the shrimp fries is 3 days, starting an aerator for 3 hours every day in the 3 rd month after putting the fries;
s4, seedling culture: pouring fish meal, wheat bran powder, corn protein powder and bean cake protein powder into a container for stirring, after uniform mixing, pouring the rest earthworm powder, cassia bark powder, vitamin mixing agent and mineral additive into the container for stirring, after uniform stirring, adding a small amount of deionized water for softening, and simultaneously stirring to prepare fish feed, pouring corn flour, wheat bran powder, enzymolysis protein and silkworm chrysalis into the container for stirring, adding a proper amount of warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ for continuous stirring, then adding bacillus subtilis, selenium-enriched yeast and compound vitamin for continuous uniform mixing to prepare fish feed, weighing the fish feed and shrimp feed according to the proportion of 3:1, adding water into the weighed fish feed, stirring, adding shrimp feed after 10 minutes of stirring, continuously stirring for 15 minutes to obtain fish and shrimp mixed feed, starting to feed on the 2 nd day after shrimp fries are put into a pool, feeding 30-50 g of shrimp feed every 10 million shrimp larvae in the first 5 days, feeding 4 times every day, and increasing the feeding amount by 20% every day; and after 2-3 days of first fry feeding, feeding fish feed to the pond water body according to the daily feeding amount of 2-7% of fish weight, and after continuously feeding for 30-40 days, feeding the fish and shrimp mixed feed to the pond water body.
Example 2
A method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before seedling release: cleaning the sewage, sterilizing, removing harm, killing harmful organisms in the pond, installing a water inlet and drainage filter screen and a purse net with thick marks, and draining water after the installation is finished to sterilize a water body;
s2, water cultivation: after 3 days of water body disinfection, 3 parts of urea, 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potash fertilizer and 3 parts of calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed to prepare fertilizer, then the fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the water surface after being dissolved by water, topdressing can be continuously carried out for 1 time every day until the transparency of pool water is about 25cm, and after water fertilization, a probiotic preparation is applied 2 days before seedling placement to keep the balance of the water body micro-ecological environment;
s3, seed putting: when the water temperature is stabilized to be more than 18 ℃, the penaeus vannamei boone is firstly put into a fish pond, then the tilapia is put into the fish pond, and before the tilapia is put into the fish pond, 20ppm of potassium permanganate, 8ppm of copper sulfate and a proper amount of water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 0.2: 0.1: 10, then putting the fry in water added with a disinfection solvent for immersion washing for 20 minutes, putting the fry in a fishpond for 4 times and 7 times in the fry putting process, wherein the time interval of putting the fry is 10 days, the time interval of putting the fry is 6 days, and starting an aerator for 5 hours every day in the 3 rd month after putting the fry;
s4, seedling culture: s4, seedling culture: pouring fish meal, wheat bran powder, corn protein powder and bean cake protein powder into a container for stirring, after uniform mixing, pouring the rest earthworm powder, cassia bark powder, vitamin mixing agent and mineral additive into the container for stirring, after uniform stirring, adding a small amount of deionized water for softening, and simultaneously stirring to prepare fish feed, pouring corn flour, wheat bran powder, enzymolysis protein and silkworm chrysalis into the container for stirring, adding a proper amount of warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ for continuous stirring, then adding bacillus subtilis, selenium-enriched yeast and compound vitamin for continuous uniform mixing to prepare fish feed, weighing the fish feed and shrimp feed according to the proportion of 3:1, adding water into the weighed fish feed, stirring, adding shrimp feed after 10 minutes of stirring, continuously stirring for 15 minutes to obtain fish and shrimp mixed feed, starting to feed on the 2 nd day after shrimp fries are put into a pool, feeding 30-50 g of shrimp feed every 10 million shrimp larvae in the first 5 days, feeding 4 times every day, and increasing the feeding amount by 20% every day; and after 2-3 days of first fry feeding, feeding fish feed to the pond water body according to the daily feeding amount of 2-7% of fish weight, and after continuously feeding for 30-40 days, feeding the fish and shrimp mixed feed to the pond water body.
Comparative example 1
A method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before seedling release: cleaning the sewage, sterilizing, removing harm, killing harmful organisms in the pond, installing a water inlet and drainage filter screen and a purse net with thick marks, and draining water after the installation is finished to sterilize a water body;
s2, water cultivation: after 3 days of water body disinfection, 3 parts of urea, 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potash fertilizer and 3 parts of calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed to prepare fertilizer, then the fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the water surface after being dissolved by water, topdressing can be continuously carried out for 1 time every day until the transparency of pool water is about 25cm, and after water fertilization, a probiotic preparation is applied 2 days before seedling placement to keep the balance of the water body micro-ecological environment;
s3, seed putting: when the water temperature is stable above 18 ℃, putting the penaeus vannamei boone into a fish pond, then putting the tilapia, putting 3-4 times of fish fries and 5-7 times of shrimp fries in the fry putting process, wherein the time interval of putting the fish fries is 5-10 days, the time interval of putting the shrimp fries is 3-6 days, starting an aerator for 3-5 hours every day in the 3 rd month after the fry putting;
s4, seedling culture: pouring fish meal, wheat bran powder, corn protein powder and bean cake protein powder into a container for stirring, after uniform mixing, pouring the rest earthworm powder, cassia bark powder, vitamin mixing agent and mineral additive into the container for stirring, after uniform stirring, adding a small amount of deionized water for softening, and simultaneously stirring to prepare fish feed, pouring corn flour, wheat bran powder, enzymolysis protein and silkworm chrysalis into the container for stirring, adding a proper amount of warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ for continuous stirring, then adding bacillus subtilis, selenium-enriched yeast and compound vitamin for continuous uniform mixing to prepare fish feed, weighing the fish feed and shrimp feed according to the proportion of 3:1, adding water into the weighed fish feed, stirring, adding shrimp feed after 10 minutes of stirring, continuously stirring for 15 minutes to obtain fish and shrimp mixed feed, starting to feed on the 2 nd day after shrimp fries are put into a pool, feeding 30-50 g of shrimp feed every 10 million shrimp larvae in the first 5 days, feeding 4 times every day, and increasing the feeding amount by 20% every day; and after 2-3 days of first fry feeding, feeding fish feed to the pond water body according to the daily feeding amount of 2-7% of fish weight, and after continuously feeding for 30-40 days, feeding the fish and shrimp mixed feed to the pond water body.
The statistical results of the survival rate and the yield of the fishes and shrimps in the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative example 1 of the invention are shown in the table,
| survival rate of fish (%) | Fish yield (Kg/mu) | Shrimp survival rate (%) | Shrimp yield (Kg/mu) | |
| Example 1 | 93.71 | 4121 | 83.23 | 312 |
| Example 2 | 94.42 | 4245 | 85.91 | 324 |
| Comparative example 1 | 71.33 | 3021 | 60.21 | 298 |
As can be seen from the table, the survival rate of the fish and the survival rate of the shrimps are both improved by adopting the culture method, and the yield is increased, so that the culture method has good benefit.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for polyculture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation before seedling release: cleaning the sewage, sterilizing, removing harm, killing harmful organisms in the pond, installing a water inlet and drainage filter screen and a purse net with thick marks, and draining water after the installation is finished to sterilize a water body;
s2, water cultivation: after 3 days of water body disinfection, fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the water surface after being dissolved by water, topdressing can be continuously carried out for 1 time every day until the transparency of pool water is about 25cm, and after water fertilization, a probiotic preparation is applied 2 days before seedling placement to keep the balance of the water body micro-ecological environment;
s3, seed putting: when the water temperature is stable above 18 ℃, putting the penaeus vannamei boone into a fish pond, then putting the tilapia, before putting the tilapia, adopting a disinfection solvent to disinfect the tilapia, putting the fish fries into water added with the disinfection solvent, soaking for 10-20 minutes, putting the fish fries 3-4 times and the shrimp fries 5-7 times into a pond water body, wherein the time interval of putting the fish fries is 5-10 days, the time interval of putting the shrimp fries is 3-6 days, starting an aerator after 3 months of putting the fries, and the aeration time is 3-5 hours;
s4, seedling culture: feeding the shrimp fries 2 days after the shrimp fries are put into the pond, feeding 30-50 g of the feed for every 10 ten thousand shrimp fries 5 days before, feeding for 4 times every day, and increasing the feeding amount by 20 percent every day; and after 2-3 days of first fry feeding, feeding fish feed to the pond water body according to the daily feeding amount of 2-7% of fish weight, and after continuously feeding for 30-40 days, feeding the fish and shrimp mixed feed to the pond water body.
2. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fertilizer used in the water body cultivation is a mixture of urea, a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and calcium carbonate, 3 parts of urea, 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potash fertilizer and 3 parts of calcium carbonate are taken, and the materials are put into a stirrer to be fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
3. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fish and shrimp mixed feed consists of fish feed and shrimp feed, and the ratio of the fish feed to the shrimp feed is 3: 1.
4. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 3, characterized in that: preparing the fish and shrimp mixed feed, weighing the fish feed and the shrimp feed according to a proportion, adding water into the weighed fish feed, stirring, adding the shrimp feed after stirring for 10 minutes, and continuing stirring for 15 minutes to obtain the fish and shrimp mixed feed.
5. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fish feed consists of the following components: 7-12 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of wheat bran powder, 15-21 parts of corn protein powder, 15-21 parts of bean cake protein powder, 3-6 parts of earthworm powder, 4-6 parts of cinnamon powder, 3-5 parts of a vitamin mixture and 1.5-3.5 parts of a mineral additive.
6. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 5, characterized in that: the preparation method of the fish feed comprises the steps of pouring fish meal, wheat bran powder, corn protein powder and bean cake protein powder into a container, stirring, uniformly mixing, pouring the rest earthworm powder, cassia bark powder, a vitamin mixing agent and a mineral additive into the container, stirring, uniformly stirring, adding a small amount of deionized water for softening, and simultaneously stirring.
7. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 3, characterized in that: the shrimp feed consists of the following components: 20-30 parts of corn flour, 15-35 parts of wheat bran powder, 13-26 parts of zymoprotein, 10-21 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-4 parts of selenium-rich yeast and 2-3 parts of compound vitamin.
8. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the shrimp feed comprises the steps of pouring corn flour, wheat bran powder, enzymolysis protein and silkworm chrysalis into a container, stirring, adding a proper amount of warm water with the temperature of 35 ℃ after stirring, continuously stirring, then adding bacillus subtilis, selenium-enriched yeast and multivitamin, and continuously and uniformly mixing.
9. The method for mixed culture of tilapia and penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disinfection solvent adopts 20ppm potassium permanganate, 8ppm copper sulfate and a proper amount of water, potassium permanganate: copper sulfate: the ratio of water is 0.2: 0.1: 10.
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