CN104145864A - Method for breeding GIFT, oreochromis niloticus - Google Patents

Method for breeding GIFT, oreochromis niloticus Download PDF

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CN104145864A
CN104145864A CN201410387959.5A CN201410387959A CN104145864A CN 104145864 A CN104145864 A CN 104145864A CN 201410387959 A CN201410387959 A CN 201410387959A CN 104145864 A CN104145864 A CN 104145864A
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cultural method
rate
throwing
raising
feed
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CN104145864B (en
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郭忠宝
罗永巨
肖俊
甘西
杨弘
张升利
吴铁军
梁军能
钟欢
唐瞻杨
陈文治
严欣
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Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding GIFT, oreochromis niloticus. The breeding method includes the steps that fodder is fed to the GIFT, oreochromis niloticus, the throwing amount of the fodder is 1.5%-3% the body weight of the oreochromis niloticus, and the throwing frequency of the fodder is twice a day; according to the breeding conditions, the water temperature is 30-40 DEG C, the pH value is 7.2-7.8, the dissolved oxygen content is 6-7 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen content is smaller than 0.1 mg/L. By the adoption of the breeding method, the fodder throwing amount of the GIFT, oreochromis niloticus can be reduced, meanwhile, the quality of the fed GIFT, oreochromis niloticus is good, and the physiological property is good.

Description

The cultural method of lucky rich strain bolti
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of lucky rich strain bolti.
Background technology
In nature or breeding ecological system, fish often can be at the certain phase of life cycle because the quality of feed foundation, bait, different throwing are raised the impacts such as rate and caused in one period in malnourished state.The growth performance of fish under this state can be subject to certain impact, and traditionally the evaluation of aquatic animal to grow performance mainly be take to the long growth rate of rate of body weight gain, body that aquatic livestock external form is foundation and specific growth rate etc., be index, can not carry out thoroughly evaluating to its health status and nutrition condition.Research both at home and abroad shows, some enzymes, growth factor, RNA/DNA such as compare at the growth performance that can reflect fish.Comparatively speaking, less to the research that aquatic livestock hematology is associated with growth phase.The blood of fish and the metabolism of body, nutrition condition, disease and environment etc. are closely related, so its hematological indices is not only widely used in evaluating health status, nutrition condition and the adaptive condition to environment of fish.When fish are during in different growth conditions, the physical and chemical index of blood may also can correspondingly change.
Lucky rich strain bolti (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) utilizes the Asia strain of bolti (Oreochromis niloticus) and the new lines that African strain breeding forms.This kind has the advantages such as fast growth, dressing percentage are high, stabilization characteristics of genetics, is an important breed variety of China.Chinese scholars has been carried out a series of research to physiology, ecology, artificial propagation and the cultural technique of gift tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus).But, the growing method of relevant Tilapia mossambica under limit drinking water is flat, in prior art still without any research.
Summary of the invention
Inventing technical problem to be solved is to fill up the blank of prior art, the cultural method of the rich strain bolti of a kind of Ji under limit drinking water is flat is provided, cultural method of the present invention can reduce the feeding amount of lucky rich strain bolti, the rich strain bolti of the Ji quality better of simultaneously feeding, physiological property is good.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs:
The cultural method of the rich strain bolti of a kind of Ji, described cultural method is: give lucky rich strain bolti feeding feed, the 1.5-3% of the throwing amount of the raising Tilapia mossambica body weight of described feed, the throwing rate of raising of described feed is that 2 throwings every day are raised, the condition of described raising is: water temperature 30-40 ℃, pH value is 7.2-7.8, and dissolved oxygen is 6-7mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.1mg/L.
Below, the further preferred technical scheme of technique scheme is done to following explanation:
In the present invention, described feed is the common feedstuffs of this area cultivating tilapia, the Tilapia mossambica expanding compound feed of preferably producing for Guangxi Nanning Baiyang Feedstuff Group Co., Ltd., and the nutrient component of described feed is preferably as shown in table 1:
The nutrient component of table 1 feed and content thereof
The throwing amount of raising of described feed is preferably 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0% of Tilapia mossambica body weight.The time that described throwing is raised is preferably 9 of every days and 16 points.
In the present invention, described water temperature is preferably 34 ± 0.2 ℃.
In the present invention, described pH value is preferably 7.6 ± 0.5, and described dissolved oxygen is preferably (6.3 ± 0.5) mg/L.
In the present invention, rich strain bolti preferably cultivates by indoor circulating water described Ji.During described cultivation, keep continuous charge round the clock.More preferably, the rich strain bolti cultivation of described Ji is in controllable temperature aquarium.Described is glass material at controllable temperature aquarium, specification is 65cm * 55cm * 65cm, divide upper, middle and lower-ranking structure, be equipped with circulating filtration water treatment and ultraviolet sterilization device in described aquarium, water temperature is controlled by heating, the refrigeration system of being furnished with intelligent circuit board.
In the present invention, the rich strain bolti of described Ji is preferably the rich strain bolti of Ji of the national Tilapia mossambica seed multiplication farm in Nanning.
In the present invention, the culturing time of the described rich strain bolti of Ji is preferably 40-50 days, is more preferably 45 days.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is: cultural method of the present invention can reduce the feeding amount of lucky rich strain bolti, the rich strain bolti of the Ji of simultaneously feeding quality better, and physiological property is good.
_
Embodiment
Mode below by embodiment further illustrates the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, according to conventional method and condition, or selects according to catalogue.
Embodiment 1
The cultural method of the rich strain bolti of a kind of Ji: choose the rich strain bolti of healthy Ji (the national Tilapia mossambica seed multiplication farm in Nanning) 400 tails, support temporarily in white PVC bucket, treat that it conforms, after growth is normal, choose at random 240 tails (39g left and right) wherein, feeding feed, 1.5% of the throwing amount of the raising Tilapia mossambica body weight of feed, the throwing rate of raising of feed is that 2 throwings every day are raised, and throwing the time of raising is 9 of every days and 16 points; The condition of raising is: 34 ± 0.2 ℃ of water temperatures, and pH value is 7.6 ± 0.5, and dissolved oxygen is (6.3 ± 0.5) mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.1mg/L; Cultivate 45 days.
Feed is the Tilapia mossambica expanding compound feed that Guangxi Nanning Baiyang Feedstuff Group Co., Ltd. produces, and its nutrient component is as shown in table 2:
The nutrient component of table 2 feed and content thereof
Embodiment 2-4
2%, 2.5%, 3% of the throwing amount of the raising Tilapia mossambica body weight of feed, all the other are with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The throwing amount of raising of feed I 0, all the other are with embodiment 1.
Effect embodiment 1
Before and after embodiment 1-4 starts, feed after end, stop eating 24 hours, Accurate Determining is respectively organized the body weight of fish, and weight is used for calculating rate of body weight gain and specific growth rate.During blood sampling, fish is not carried out to any anaesthetic treatment, with wet gauze, hold fish body, use 1mL syringe tail vein haemospasia.During experiment, get fish 3 tails for every group, the blood of every fish, as a sample, is divided into 2 parts by gained blood at every turn: a part adds people's heparin (100U/n) anti-freezing, produces whole blood, for the mensuration of Blood Physiological Indexes; Another part centrifugal 15min at 3000r/min4 ℃ produces serum, for the mensuration of blood parameters.
The physiological and biochemical index of measuring has: RBC number, haemoglobin, total serum protein, triglyceride, serum cholesterol, blood sugar, alkaline phosphatase, phosphonium ion, used The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University's automatic biochemical analyzer to measure.
Gift tilapia rate of body weight gain (weight gain ratio, WGR), specific growth rate (Specific Growth Rate, SGR) be calculated as follows:
WGR=100×(W1-W0)/W0
SGR=100×(lnW1-lnW0)/t
Wherein, W0 is experiment beginning macrura reevesii body weight in wet base (g), and W1 finishes macrura reevesii body weight in wet base (g) for testing, and t is experimental period (d).
The data obtained carries out statistical analysis processing with SPSS18.0 statistical software.The corresponding data of each experimental group are through the one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the difference between the multiple comparing check group of Duncan, by the numerical value of each index different time is carried out correlation analysis with the rate of body weight gain of different phase.P<0.05 is significant difference.Analysis result represents with mean value ± standard error.
Result is as follows:
1, the result that growth indexes changes, the different rates of raising of throwing are as shown in table 3 on the impact (mean value ± standard error) of Tilapia mossambica specific growth rate, the relative weight gain rate.
The different throwing of table 3 raised the impact (mean value ± standard error) of rate on Tilapia mossambica specific growth rate, the relative weight gain rate
Note: the different lowercases of upper target represent to have significant difference (P<0.05)
As shown in Table 3: along with the increase of rate is raised in throwing, the body weight of gift tilapia presents the trend of rising.Statistic analysis result shows, 3% throws and raises rate group and higher than other 3 throwings, raise rate group in heavy, specific growth rate and the relative weight gain rate eventually, and significant difference (p<0.05).2.5% throws and to raise the specific growth rate of rate group and the relative weight gain rate higher than 2.0%, but difference not significantly (p>0.05).
Generally, the growth rate of fish increases and raises with Ration level, with whose body weight, increases and reduces.In the present invention, 1.5% and 2% throws rate of body weight gain, the specific growth rate raise rate group significantly raises rate group lower than 3% throwing, and this shows that different throwing raise rate level the growth of gift tilapia is had to significant impact.Along with throwing, raise rate and increase to 3% from 1.5%, the specific growth rate of gift tilapia, the relative weight gain rate significantly raise, and this result is presented at certain throwing and raises within the scope of rate, increases to throw to raise rate, and gift tilapia has improved the intake of nutriment, thereby has promoted growth.
2, the result of gift tilapia blood parameters, the different rates of raising of throwing are as shown in table 4 on the impact of gift tilapia blood physiology biochemical indicator (mean ± standard error).
The different throwing of table 4 raised rate to the impact of gift tilapia blood physiology biochemical indicator (mean ± standard error)
Note: the different lowercases of upper target represent to have significant difference (P<0.05)
As shown in Table 4: before test, gift tilapia RBC number is (1.27 ± 0.21) * 109/L, with the different throwing rates of raising, throw something and feed after RBC number in rising trend.Each is thrown and to raise between rate group the gift tilapia RBC number significant difference (P<0.05) of having compared.While throwing something and feeding, gift tilapia content of hemoglobin is not (41.67 ± 0.89) g/L, and after throwing something and feeding by 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, gift tilapia content of hemoglobin is in rising trend.During throwing something and feeding, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% throw and to raise the rate group gift tilapia content of hemoglobin significant difference (P<0.05) of having compared, but rate group is raised in 2% throwing and comparison between rate group is raised in 2.5% throwing, and difference is remarkable (P>0.05) not.
Do not throw something and feed and by difference throw the rate of raising throw something and feed after the gift tilapia the Total albumen content significant difference (P<0.05) of having compared, but 1.5%, gift tilapia the Total albumen content comparison between rate group is raised in 2%, 2.5%, 3% throwing, and difference is remarkable (P>0.05) not.The gift tilapia blood cholesterol levels of not throwing something and feeding is (2.89 ± 0.044) mmol/L, after throwing something and feeding by the difference throwing rate of raising, make the cholesterol of each group increase, compare with not throwing something and feeding, gift tilapia blood cholesterol levels is thrown after the rate of raising is thrown something and fed and is reached significant difference (P<0.05) by difference, different throwings are raised gift tilapia blood cholesterol levels between rate group and are compared, 1.5%, rate group is raised in 2% and 3% throwing significant difference (P<0.05), and rate group there was no significant difference (P>0.05) is raised in 1.5% and 2.5% throwing.The gift tilapia blood triglyceride of not throwing something and feeding is (0.27 ± 0.038) mmol/L, after throwing something and feeding by the difference throwing rate of raising, make the triglycerides of each group increase, compare with not throwing something and feeding, gift tilapia blood triglyceride is thrown after the rate of raising is thrown something and fed and is reached significant difference (P<0.05) by difference, different throwings are raised gift tilapia blood cholesterol levels between rate group and are compared, 1.5%, rate group is raised in 2.5% and 3% throwing significant difference (P<0.05), and rate group there was no significant difference (P>0.05) is raised in 1.5% and 2% throwing.The gift tilapia blood sugar of not throwing something and feeding is (2.59 ± 0.038) mmol/L, after throwing something and feeding by the difference throwing rate of raising, make the blood sugar of each group increase, compare with not throwing something and feeding, gift tilapia blood sugar is thrown after the rate of raising is thrown something and fed and is reached significant difference (P<0.05) by difference, different throwings are raised gift tilapia blood sugar between rate group and are compared, 1.5%, rate group is raised in 2% and 2.5% throwing significant difference (P<0.05), and rate group there was no significant difference (P>0.05) is raised in 1.5% and 3% throwing.The gift tilapia alkaline phosphatase of not throwing something and feeding is (2.33 ± 0.33) U/L, after throwing something and feeding by the difference throwing rate of raising, make the alkaline phosphatase of each group increase, compare with not throwing something and feeding, gift tilapia blood sugar is thrown after the rate of raising is thrown something and fed and is reached significant difference (P<0.05) by difference, and after throwing something and feeding by the difference throwing rate of raising, alkaline phosphatase is basicly stable, between each group, compare, there was no significant difference (P>0.05).
Food is limited is a kind of common situations, breeding process Mesichthyes, limited by different Ration levels, may affect fish body inner blood index.In this research, when the throwing rate of raising with different is thrown something and fed, all there is obvious variation in the physiochemical indice of surveying.RBC number and content of hemoglobin significantly rise.Red blood cell and haemoglobin thereof the important physiological action in blood is transportation oxygen.Red blood cell, haemoglobin significantly increase may be because vital movement be vigorous, and fish body respectively organizes oxygen demand to increase, the increase in demand to transportation oxygen, thus red blood cell and haemoglobin increase to adapt to the demand of transporting oxygen.It may be in body, to have supplemented after a large amount of nutrient components that the Total albumen content raises, and metabolism is accelerated, and protein is synthetic vigorous, is secreted into protein in blood and increases and cause.
The source of fish blood sugar mainly contains three approach, that is: sugared digesting and assimilating in food; The decomposition of liver glycogen; The gluconeogenesis of protein, fat etc.Constant blood sugar concentration has important effect to maintaining fish normal activities.Test shows, it is more responsive that the blood sugar concentration of gift tilapia is raised rate to different throwings, and when the throwing rate of raising increases, the blood sugar concentration of gift tilapia raises to some extent.This explanation is under the situation of ingesting, and maintaining of blood sugar concentration is mainly to rely on the carbohydrate digestion in food to absorb, and in food, digesting and assimilating of sugar is the main source of gift tilapia blood sugar.
Triglyceride content obviously rises, and the increase of triglyceride can provide lipid for new cell membrane and organelle.This shows gift tilapia cells in vivo division acceleration, and human body energy increases, Acceleration of growth.The variation of these inherences may be that external throwing is raised to a kind of adaptation that rate improves, and shows as Acceleration of growth.
3, the variation tendency of the variation tendency of physiochemical indice and weightening finish is carried out to correlation analysis, its result is as shown in table 5.
The correlation analysis of table 5 physiochemical indice and rate of body weight gain
Note: * represents correlation significantly (P<0.05); * represents correlation it very significantly (P<0.01).
As shown in table 5: the correlation coefficient of haemoglobin and rate of body weight gain is respectively 0.902, correlation it very is (P<0.01) significantly; RBC number, triglyceride, total serum protein, cholesterol and rate of body weight gain correlation coefficient are respectively 0.723,0.680,0.635,0.605, and correlation is (P<0.05) significantly; Serum alkaline phosphatase, blood sugar and rate of body weight gain are all without significant correlation (P>0.05).
Haemoglobin and rate of body weight gain significant correlation (P<0.01).Test data shows, along with rate throwing something and feeding from low to high raised in throwing, the haemoglobin index of Tilapia mossambica significantly increases, and growth from fast to slow appears in Growth Op Tilapia situation simultaneously.The important physiological action of haemoglobin in blood is and erythrocyte binding transportation oxygen.In the situation that food is limited, fish can not obtain sufficient provand, and blood oxygen carrying capacity declines, and fish certainly will will reduce the supply of oxygen, thereby reduce individual energy metabolism level to maintain to greatest extent individual existence, and then show as poor growth.And when food is sufficient, may respectively organize oxygen demand and the increase in demand to transportation oxygen because fish vital movement is vigorous, and erythrocyte, haemoglobin significantly increase, and metabolism is vigorous.Improved the rate of body weight gain of Tilapia mossambica, thereby promoted that the effect of fish bulk-growth is remarkable.
Triglycerides and rate of body weight gain significant correlation (P<0.05).The experimental group of not throwing something and feeding, in Tilapia mossambica blood, the content of triglycerides is minimum, and along with the increase of the rate of throwing something and feeding, the content of triglycerides constantly rises.This has reflected because rate is raised in low throwing, makes Tilapia mossambica in starvation, and hunger declines the picked-up of exogenous triglycerides, thereby causes the remarkable reduction of triglycerides in blood plasma.
Sum up: gift tilapia is thrown to raise under rate in difference and cultivated, 3% throws and raises the rate of body weight gain of rate group and specific growth rate and be significantly higher than other throwing and raise rate group (P<0.05); Correlation analysis research shows RBC number and haemoglobin and rate of body weight gain utmost point significant correlation (P<0.O1), total serum protein, cholesterol and triglycerides and rate of body weight gain significant correlation (P<O.05), therefore, the New Set of suggestion using total serum protein, cholesterol and haemoglobin as reflection growth performance.

Claims (10)

1. the cultural method of the rich strain bolti of Ji, it is characterized in that: described cultural method is: to lucky rich strain bolti feeding feed, the 1.5-3% of the throwing amount of the raising Tilapia mossambica body weight of described feed, the throwing rate of raising of described feed is that 2 throwings every day are raised, the condition of described raising is: water temperature 30-40 ℃, pH value is 7.2-7.8, and dissolved oxygen is 6-7mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is less than 0.1mg/L.
2. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described feed is the Tilapia mossambica expanding compound feed that Guangxi Nanning Baiyang Feedstuff Group Co., Ltd. produces.
3. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the throwing amount of raising of described feed is 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0% of Tilapia mossambica body weight.
4. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described water temperature is 34 ± 0.2 ℃.
5. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described pH value is 7.6 ± 0.5.
6. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described dissolved oxygen is (6.3 ± 0.5) mg/L.
7. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the rich strain bolti of described Ji cultivates by indoor circulating water, keeps continuous charge round the clock during described cultivation.
8. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the rich strain bolti cultivation of described Ji is in controllable temperature aquarium; Described is glass material at controllable temperature aquarium, specification is 65cm * 55cm * 65cm, divide upper, middle and lower-ranking structure, be equipped with circulating filtration water treatment and ultraviolet sterilization device in described aquarium, water temperature is controlled by heating, the refrigeration system of being furnished with intelligent circuit board.
9. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the culturing time of the described rich strain bolti of Ji is 40-50 days.
10. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the culturing time of the described rich strain bolti of Ji is 45 days.
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