CN103749985B - A kind ofly improve the cultivation additive of meat quality of fish, using method, application and fish meal - Google Patents
A kind ofly improve the cultivation additive of meat quality of fish, using method, application and fish meal Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749985B CN103749985B CN201410042008.4A CN201410042008A CN103749985B CN 103749985 B CN103749985 B CN 103749985B CN 201410042008 A CN201410042008 A CN 201410042008A CN 103749985 B CN103749985 B CN 103749985B
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Abstract
The invention discloses and a kind ofly improve the cultivation additive of meat quality of fish, using method, application and fish meal.The described additive improving cultivation meat quality of fish comprises the component of following weight portion: riboflavin 0.0003-0.0008 part, tryptophan 0.18-0.39 part, isoleucine 0.67-1.58 part, zinc 0.0029-0.0089 part.The present invention, by adding described additive, improves fish muscle calcium content, improves muscle water-retaining property, chewability and pH, reduces muscle cooking loss, improves quality and the mouthfeel of the flesh of fish, has the advantages such as easy to use, cost is low, non-toxic and safe.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fish-water Fish Farming field, particularly, relate to and a kind ofly improve the cultivation additive of meat quality of fish, using method, application and fish meal.
Background technology
Fishery-ies product has higher nutritive value, is improve diet structure, improves one of important meat of human health level.Along with health perception strengthens day by day, the consumption demand amount of consumer to aquatic products is more and more higher.The freshwater fish such as grass carp, carp is the main cultured fishes of China, and its cultivation is with a long history, and cultured output is high, accounts for the 33-40% of fish culture total output, meets the demand of people to animal protein greatly.
But in recent years, along with fish culture density constantly increases, while cultured output increases substantially, but along with the universal phenomenon that meat declines.Compared with nature wild fish or extensive style cultured product, high density is propagated fishery-ies product artificially and be there are following problems: meat loosens, and not resistance toly chews, and mouthfeel is poor.
Along with socioeconomic development, growth in the living standard, the requirement that the proposition of people to fishery-ies product meat is higher, this reduces with the meat that mainly to cultivate fresh water fishes and defines huge contrast.This may be result in freshwater fish product price depression, sluggish market, one of non-profit making major reason of breeding production person.Therefore, seek to improve cultured fishes meat quality, be not only the requirement of consumer, the inherent requirement of China's culture fishery sustainable development especially.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one can effectively improve the class meat that cultivates fresh water fishes, and has no side effect, free of contamination additive and the fish meal containing this additive.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of using method and application of above-mentioned additive.
The present invention's adopted technical scheme that solves the problem is, a kind of additive improving cultivation meat quality of fish is provided, comprises the component of following weight portion: riboflavin 0.0003-0.0008 part, tryptophan 0.18-0.39 part, isoleucine 0.67-1.58 part, zinc 0.0029-0.0089 part.
Improve an additive for cultivation meat quality of fish, be made up of the component of following weight portion: riboflavin 0.0003-0.0008 part, tryptophan 0.18-0.39 part, isoleucine 0.67-1.58 part, zinc 0.0029-0.0089 part.
Preferably, in the additive of described improvement cultivation meat quality of fish, the weight portion of each component is: riboflavin 0.0005-0.0007 part, tryptophan 0.22-0.34 part, isoleucine 0.71-1.38 part, zinc 0.0032-0.0073 part.
Wherein, described riboflavin is the constituent of multiple indispensable enzyme in fish carbohydrate, fat, protein and nucleic acid metabolism process, is to maintain fish to grow the essential nutrients with physiological metabolism normally.The present inventor finds through test of many times, adds water-retaining property and chewiness that appropriate riboflavin can significantly improve fish muscle, improves meat taste.
Wherein, described tryptophan is the essential amino acid of fish, can promote that fish digestive organs grow, and improves fish abilities of digestive and absorption and disease-fighting capabilities.The present inventor finds through test of many times, adds appropriate tryptophan and can improve fish muscle protein, intramuscular fat and collagen content, strengthens muscle water holding capacity and chewiness, to improve meat quality.
Wherein, described isoleucine is the essential amino acid of fish, can promote that muscle protein increases, and saves muscle power consumption, to promote fish growth.The present inventor finds through test of many times, adds water-retaining property and chewiness that appropriate isoleucine can improve fish muscle, to improve meat quality.
Wherein, described zinc is the required mineral nutrients of fish, is composition or the activator of many enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamte dehydrogenase, to maintenance membrane structure and function normally extremely important.The present inventor finds through test of many times, adds appropriate zinc and can improve fish muscle calcium content and collagen content, improves the water-retaining property of muscle, chewiness and pH, to improve meat and mouthfeel.
The applicant finds through many experiments, and additive of the present invention can improve fish tissue calcium content, improves muscle water-retaining property, chewability and pH, reduces muscle cooking loss, improves flesh quality and mouthfeel.In addition, can also promote that fish growth is grown, improve food utilization efficiency.
Additive of the present invention can improve fish tissue calcium content more than 37%, and muscle cooking loss reduces by more than 11.8%.
A using method for described additive, comprises the steps:
Described additive is joined in basal feed.
Wherein, the weight ratio of described additive and basal feed is 1:199-1:39.
Wherein, basal feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the basal feed that those skilled in the art commonly use is all available, concrete as corn, dregs of beans, fish oil, wheat bran, rice bran etc.
Additive of the present invention and the fish meal containing this additive are applicable to the freshwater aquiculture such as grass carp, carp cyprinid fish, are particularly useful for grass carp.
A kind of fish meal containing described additive.
Wherein, in the feed of described 100 weight portions, the additive containing 0.5-2.5wt%.
In sum, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by adding the additive of component of the present invention and content, fish muscle calcium content can be improved, improving muscle water-retaining property, chewability and pH, reduce muscle cooking loss, improve quality and the mouthfeel of the flesh of fish; In addition, can also fish growth be promoted, improve efficiency of feed utilization.There is easy to use, the advantage such as cost is low, non-toxic and safe.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, to the detailed description further of the present invention's do, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The traditional test methods that performance test in the present invention adopts those skilled in the art to commonly use, wherein,
Muscle cooking loss: first weighed by muscle, makes it reach about 5g, is placed in 95-100 DEG C of boiling water and boils 5min, pull muscle out, cool and dry, and takes end heavy, calculates muscle cooking loss.Muscle weight before muscle cooking loss=(muscle weight before boiling-boil after muscle weight)/boil.
Refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours: adopt GB/T 9695.5-2008 standard test.
Hydroxyproline content: adopt GB/T 9695.23-2008 standard test.
Embodiment 1:
Get riboflavin 0.0005 weight portion, tryptophan 0.34 weight portion, isoleucine 1.38 weight portion, zinc 0.0059 weight portion, obtained feed addictive B1 after mixing.
In order to verify effect of the present invention, feed addictive of the present invention be applied in Sichuan, Guangxi, 10 plants in Yunnan grass carp upper (body weight is at 255-257g) test.Test fish is divided into test group and control group two groups, and each processed group establishes 3 repetitions, and each repetition 400 tail fish, between group, original body mass is without significant difference.The daily ration of test group is the fish meal adding above-mentioned feed addictive B1 according to the 1.5wt% of fish meal gross weight; The daily ration of control group is the fish meal of the identical weight of not adding additive B 1, and the basal feed component in test group and control group is identical.Two processed group fishes are thrown something and fed 4 times every day, and each feeding volume is according to the actual situation and determining of ingesting.Duration of test regularly carries out routine disinfection sterilization.After feeding 60 days, eachly repeat selection 40 tail fish and sample, measure index of correlation, measurement result all represents with mean value, and record is depicted as corresponding form.Result is as follows:
Table 1
| Fish tail number (tail) | Starting weight (g/ tail) | End heavy (g/ tail) | Rate of body weight gain (%) | Feed conversion rate (%) | |
| Control group | 1200 | 258 | 635 | 146 | 68 |
| Test group | 1200 | 258 | 670 | 160 | 72 |
In upper table 1, the average weight of starting weight every tail fish before referring to test.End heavily refers to the average weight of 60 days every tail fishes afterwards of feeding.Feed conversion rate refers to the weight of every tail fish increase and the ratio of its food ration.
As can be seen from Table 1: test group grass carp comparatively control group grass carp rate of body weight gain improves 9.6%, and feed conversion rate improves 6%.Therefore, fish feed additive of the present invention and the feed containing this additive all significantly can promote Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus, improve food conversion ratio.
Table 2
| Fish tail number (tail) | Muscle calcium content (%) | |
| Control group | 1200 | 0.30 |
| Test group | 1200 | 0.41 |
As can be seen from Table 2: test group grass carp comparatively control group grass carp muscle calcium content improves 37%.Therefore, fish feed additive of the present invention and the feed containing this additive all can significantly improve muscle calcium content, improve the muscle nutrition quality of grass carp.
Table 3
| Fish tail number (tail) | Muscle cooking loss (%) | Refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours | Hydroxyproline content (the mg/100g flesh of fish) | |
| Control group | 1200 | 14 | 6.21 | 0.73 |
| Test group | 1200 | 12 | 6.34 | 0.79 |
The muscle chewiness of the hydroxyproline content energy Efficient Characterization fish in upper table 3, described hydroxyproline content is higher, shows that the muscle chewiness of fish is better, and the mouthfeel of the flesh of fish is also better.Refrigerate the storge quality of the muscle pH value energy Efficient Characterization flesh of fish after 24 hours, refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours lower, show that the storge quality of oppressing is poorer.
As can be seen from Table 3: test group grass carp comparatively control group grass carp muscle cooking loss reduces by 14%, refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours and improve 2.1%, hydroxyproline content improves 8.2%.Therefore, fish feed additive of the present invention and all significantly can reduce muscle cooking loss containing the feed of this additive, improve refrigeration muscle pH value and hydroxyproline content after 24 hours, improves mouthfeel and the muscle shelf characteric of the flesh of fish.
In sum, fish feed additive of the present invention and the feed containing this additive all can improve fish tissue calcium content, reduce muscle cooking loss, improve the chewability of the flesh of fish and muscle pH value after refrigerating 24 hours, improve flesh of fish mouthfeel; In addition, can also promote that fish growth is grown, improve food utilization efficiency.There is easy to use, the advantage such as cost is low, non-toxic and safe.
Embodiment 2:
Get riboflavin 0.0008 weight portion, tryptophan 0.39 weight portion, isoleucine 0.67 weight portion, zinc 0.0029 weight portion, obtained feed addictive B2 after mixing.
Embodiment 3:
Get riboflavin 0.0003 weight portion, tryptophan 0.18 weight portion, isoleucine 1.58 weight portion, zinc 0.0089 weight portion, obtained feed addictive B3 after mixing.
Above-described embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 arranges test group in the same manner as example 1 and control group is tested, only feed addictive is different from the ratio of basal feed, feed addictive in embodiment 2 accounts for the 0.5wt% of fish meal total amount, and the feed addictive in embodiment 3 accounts for the 2.5wt% of fish meal total amount.Every data respectively in testing example 2 and embodiment 3 are also listed in table 4 and table 5 respectively.
Table 4
| Process | Control group | Test group |
| Fish tail number (tail) | 1200 | 1200 |
| Initial weight (g/ tail) | 258 | 256 |
| End heavy (g/ tail) | 567 | 602 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 120 | 135 |
| Feed efficiency (%) | 65 | 68 |
| Muscle calcium content (%) | 0.27 | 0.38 |
| Muscle cooking loss (%) | 15 | 13 |
| Refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours | 6.25 | 6.34 |
| Hydroxyproline content (the mg/100g flesh of fish) | 0.73 | 0.78 |
As can be seen from the data of upper table 4 embodiment 2: test group grass carp improves 12.5% compared with the rate of body weight gain of control group grass carp, feed conversion rate improves 4.6%, muscle calcium content improves 40.7%, muscle cooking loss reduces by 13%, refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours and improve 1.4%, hydroxyproline content improves 6.8%.
Table 5
| Process | Control group | Test group |
| Fish tail number (tail) | 1200 | 1200 |
| Initial weight (g/ tail) | 256 | 256 |
| End heavy (g/ tail) | 566 | 604 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 121 | 136 |
| Feed efficiency (%) | 66 | 69 |
| Muscle calcium content (%) | 0.25 | 0.36 |
| Muscle cooking loss (%) | 17 | 15 |
| Refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours | 6.27 | 6.34 |
| Hydroxyproline content (the mg/100g flesh of fish) | 0.77 | 0.80 |
As can be seen from the embodiment 3 of upper table 5, test group grass carp improves 12.4% compared with the rate of body weight gain of control group grass carp, and feed conversion rate improves 4.5%, muscle calcium content improves 44%, muscle cooking loss reduces by 11.8%, and refrigerate muscle pH value after 24 hours and improve 1.1%, hydroxyproline content improves 3.9%.
Above-described embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 all can obtain following beneficial effect: add feed addictive of the present invention, can improve fish tissue calcium content, reduce muscle cooking loss, improve the chewability of the flesh of fish and muscle pH value after refrigerating 24 hours, improve flesh of fish mouthfeel; Can fish growth be promoted simultaneously, improve efficiency of feed utilization.
In the same manner as example 1 identical test is carried out to other freshwater fishes, all can obtain above-mentioned beneficial effect, obviously improve its meat.
As mentioned above, the present invention can be realized preferably.
Claims (4)
1. improve an additive for cultivation meat quality of fish, be made up of the component of following weight portion: riboflavin 0.0003-0.0008 part, tryptophan 0.18-0.39 part, isoleucine 0.67-1.58 part, zinc 0.0029-0.0089 part.
2. a using method for additive as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: described additive to join in basal feed.
3. the using method of additive according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described additive and basal feed is 1:199-1:39.
4. an application for additive as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described additive application is in freshwater aquiculture cyprinid fish.
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| CN109380621A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2019-02-26 | 宁夏天绿健知识产权运营有限公司 | It is a kind of for improving the preparation method of the additive of meat quality of fish |
| CN106333085A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-18 | 四川农业大学 | Nutrition formula for resisting gossypol-induced fish enteritis, use method, application and feed |
| CN106798191A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-06-06 | 新昌县柏克动物饲料技术开发有限公司 | Improve the additive of cultivation meat quality of fish |
| CN111955624A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 广东海大集团股份有限公司 | Taiwan loach feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
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