CN114651762A - Comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfish in rice field in south China - Google Patents

Comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfish in rice field in south China Download PDF

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CN114651762A
CN114651762A CN202210157295.8A CN202210157295A CN114651762A CN 114651762 A CN114651762 A CN 114651762A CN 202210157295 A CN202210157295 A CN 202210157295A CN 114651762 A CN114651762 A CN 114651762A
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crayfish
bait
breeding
rice field
feeding
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CN114651762B (en
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陆专灵
唐章生
王大鹏
黄彬胜
卢智发
余艳玲
侯树鉴
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Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention relates to a comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfishes in rice fields in south China, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a rice field; (2) selecting a crayfish parent; (3) parent stocking; (4) managing the water quality; (5) feeding management; (6) daily management; under the condition that the shrimp ditch is not dug and the original appearance of the paddy field is kept, the operations of first reinforced feeding, second reinforced feeding, repeated lifting of the water level of the crayfish breeding paddy field and the like are combined to stimulate the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents, under the condition that the shrimp ditch is not arranged, the crayfish parents can be promoted to dig holes for mating, the average egg holding amount, the egg holding rate and the survival rate of the crayfish fries of the crayfish parents are improved, and the crayfish can emerge in a large amount.

Description

Comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfish in rice field in south China
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfishes in a paddy field in south China.
Background
The crayfish is shaped like a shrimp and has a hard shell. The length of the finished product is about 5.6-11.9 cm, and the whole color comprises red, reddish brown and pink. The back is purplish dark red and the sides are pink with orange or white specks. The crust part is nearly black, and the back of the abdomen is provided with a wedge-shaped stripe. The young shrimp bodies are uniform grey, sometimes have black ripples, are long and narrow in chelate, are not separated by mesh-shaped gaps in the middle of the carapace, and obviously have particles on the carapace. The frontal sword has lateral spines or the end of the frontal sword has a nick. The paws are dark red and black with bright orange or reddish-brown nodules. The background color of the larvae and female paws may be dark brown, long apical tip, often with light pricks or nodules, which are usually sharp spines. The body is large and cylindrical, the carapace is thick, the head, the chest and the nails are slightly flat, the front side edge of the chest side edge of the abdominal nail and the base of the chest limb. The cervical sulcus is obvious. The 1 st antenna is shorter and has two whips. The 2 nd antenna has more developed scales. The 3 pairs of jaw feet all have external limbs. The foot is also called crayfish because the first 3 pairs of crayfish, the 1 st pair of crayfish, which are all single-branch type, are especially strong and thick. The last 2 pairs of simple and claw-shaped footsteps. The gills are filiform gills. There are 3 pairs of palps on the head of crayfish, which are thick near the head and small and sharp at the tip. A pair of whiskers at the outer edge of the head is extra thick and long, generally 1/3 longer than the body; two pairs of short tentacles are in the middle of a pair of long tentacles, the length of which is about half of the body length. When the patient inhales and normally climbs, 6 tentacles extend forwards, and if the patient is frightened or attacked, two long tentacles bend to the tail to prevent the tail from being attacked. The chest has 5 pairs of feet, the tail ends of the 1 st to 3 rd pairs of feet are in a pincer shape, and the tail ends of the 4 th to 5 th pairs of feet are in a claw shape. The 2 nd pair of lobsters has developed extremely and become a great chelate, the male chelate is developed more than the female chelate, and the front outer edge of the male lobster has a bright red film which is very obvious. Females do not have this red film and this is an important feature for distinction between males and females. The tail part is provided with 5 strong tail fans, and the tail fans are bent inwards in the brooding period and the hatching period of the female shrimps and are used for protecting fertilized eggs or young shrimps from being damaged when the female shrimps climb or are caught by the enemies.
In recent years, the crayfish keeps good market conditions, the area for breeding the crayfish in the rice field is increased year by year, and good income is brought to farmers. In the traditional cultivation, when crayfish parents are cultivated in a paddy field, in order to increase the seedling emergence amount of the crayfish, crayfish ditches need to be dug in the paddy field so as to ensure the crayfish to breed in large quantity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfish in a paddy field in south China, which has high hatching rate of egg-carrying shrimps and can keep the original appearance of the paddy field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a rice field convenient for drainage and irrigation, heightening and reinforcing ridge of the rice field, not digging shrimp ditches in the rice field, keeping the original appearance of the field surface of the rice field, and storing water in the rice field until the water depth reaches 50-80 cm to obtain a crayfish breeding rice field;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with weight of 25 g-35 g, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1-1.5: 1;
(3) parent stocking: breeding the crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1) in 6-7 months every year, wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 18-22 kilograms per mu;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 13-18 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 18-22 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with new water once every 7-10 days, and the water change amount every time is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total bait feeding amount is 2-7% of the total weight of the shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 18-22% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding reinforcing baits for 1-2 times every week to promote the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of mussel meat, 25-30 parts of snail meat, 20-25 parts of pork liver, 15-18 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin E and 0.13-0.16 part of allicin;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents breed eggs, the supplementary baits are fed for 1 time every 2-3 days, so that the hatching rate of the egg-breeding crayfish is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of mussel meat, 15-20 parts of bone meal, 25-30 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.3-0.6 part of sodium chloride and 0.3-0.6 part of calcium chloride;
(6) daily management:
1) at night, a small aerator or a water pump is used for aeration in the crayfish breeding rice field, the flowing state of a water body is kept, and the gonad development of the crayfish parents is stimulated;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly lifted, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parent is stimulated.
Further, the rice field soil selected in the step (1) is clayey soil, and the area of the rice field is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters.
Further, the crayfish with the weight of 28 g-35 g, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction is selected as the crayfish parent in the step (2), and the male-female ratio of the crayfish parent is 1.1-1.5: 1.
Further, when the crayfish parents are raised in the step (3), the water quality in the crayfish raising rice field meets the regulation of GB 11607.
Further, the conventional feeding in the step (5): feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 3% -5% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled at 28% -32%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 4-7% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 33-37 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 2-4% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is made of animal bait 23-37 wt% and plant bait for the rest.
Further, the first intensive feeding in step (5): feeding reinforcing baits for 1-2 times every week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing baits fed every time is 1.2-1.5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing baits are used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-35 parts of mussel meat, 26-30 parts of snail meat, 22-25 parts of pork liver, 16-18 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.3-0.5 part of vitamin E and 0.14-0.16 part of allicin.
Further, the second intensive feeding in step (5): when the parent crayfish spawns, feeding supplementary bait for 1 time every 2-3 days, wherein the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.02-0.05% of the total weight of the stored crayfish, and the hatching rate of the spawned crayfish is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42-45 parts of mussel meat, 16-20 parts of bone meal, 27-30 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.4-0.6 part of sodium chloride and 0.4-0.6 part of calcium chloride.
Further, the supplementary bait in the step (5) further comprises 0.13-0.15 parts by weight of sodium citrate.
And further, in the step (6), a small-sized aerator or a water pump is used for aeration for 8-10 hours in the crayfish breeding rice field at night, the flowing state of the water body is kept, and the gonad development of the crayfish parent is stimulated.
Further, the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased in the step (6), so that the difference between the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field every day in the morning and evening is 8-17 cm, and the maturity of the gonads of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the comprehensive breeding and parent strengthening cultivation method for the crayfish in the rice field in the south area, under the condition that the crayfish ditch is not dug and the original appearance of the rice field is kept, the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents is stimulated through the combination of operations of first strengthening feeding, second strengthening feeding, repeated rising and falling of the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field and the like, the cave-digging mating of the crayfish parents can be promoted under the condition that the crayfish ditch is not arranged, the average egg holding amount, the egg holding rate of the crayfish parents and the survival rate of the crayfish seedlings are improved, and a large number of seedlings of the crayfish can emerge.
According to the comprehensive breeding and parent strengthening cultivation method for the crayfishes in the rice field in the south, the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1-1.5: 1, so that the crayfish parents can mate and lay eggs conveniently, the average egg holding amount of the crayfish parents is increased, the crayfishes can be propagated in large quantities, and the actual production requirements can be met; the strengthening bait is animal bait added with vitamin E and allicin, the addition of the vitamin E in the animal bait can promote the gonad development of the parents, and can also promote the hole digging mating of the crayfish parents under the condition of not arranging shrimp ditches; the allicin is added into the reinforcing bait, so that the disease resistance of crayfish parents can be improved, the morbidity and the mortality of the crayfish parents can be reduced, and the crayfish can be propagated in large quantities; the appropriate amount of bone meal, sodium chloride and calcium chloride are added into the supplementary bait fed when the crayfish parents breed eggs, so that salt, mineral elements, phospholipids, phosphoprotein and the like required by the crayfish breeding eggs can be supplemented, the crayfish breeding eggs can be effectively prevented from eating and taking the crayfish eggs, the hatching rate of the crayfish breeding eggs is improved, and a large amount of seedlings can emerge; oxygenation night keeps the water flow state and the water level in the crayfish breeding paddy field that goes up and down repeatedly, can both stimulate crayfish parent gonad maturity, combines together oxygenation night and the water level that goes up and down repeatedly, when guaranteeing the water oxygen content, still plays the ripe effect of dual stimulation crayfish parent gonad maturity, further strengthens crayfish parent cultivation for crayfish can breed in a large number.
According to the comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for the crayfishes in the paddy field in the south area, the supplementary bait also comprises the sodium citrate, so that the disease resistance of the egg-carrying crayfishes can be improved, the death rate of the crayfishes parents is reduced, the crayfishes can be bred in a large quantity, the number of the hatched soft-shell crayfishes can be reduced, the proportion of the hard-shell crayfishes is higher, and the quality of the crayfish seedlings is better.
Detailed Description
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention relates to a comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfish in a paddy field in south China. When the crayfish parents are purchased, the crayfish parents are purchased locally, and the transportation distance is preferably not more than 3 hours. Crayfish in the province has a high death rate due to factors such as transportation and stress, and is not recommended to be purchased.
The comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for the crayfish in the rice field in the south area has the advantages that the crayfish breeding rice field is convenient to drain and irrigate, and the surrounding water sources are sufficient and pollution-free; before the crayfish parents are put in the field, 10-15 kg of tea bran can be scattered into each mu of crayfish breeding rice field for impurity removal, the completeness of an escape-proof net needs to be ensured, and then the crayfish parents are put in.
The invention relates to a comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for crayfish in a paddy field in south China, wherein EM (effective microorganisms) is splashed once every 13-18 days in the crayfish breeding paddy field, and the single splashing amount of the EM is about 100 g per mu, so that the purpose is to control a water body and prevent and control crayfish breeding diseases; sprinkling quicklime water to the crawfish breeding rice field once every 18-22 days, disinfecting a water body, supplementing a calcium source and adjusting the pH value of the water body, wherein the amount of the splashed quicklime water is determined by the pH value of the water body; the method is characterized in that fresh water is refilled into the crayfish breeding rice field every 7-10 days, the amount of water refilled every time is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount, the purpose is to keep the water body clean, disease spreading caused by water body deterioration and the occurrence of dead shrimps and the like are avoided, micro-flowing water in the rice field can be conditionally kept, fresh water enters the rice field, old water is drained from the bottom of the rice field, and therefore the water body can be kept stable, and breeding conditions are better.
According to the comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for the crayfishes in the rice field in the south, the proportion of the animal baits and the plant baits in the baits and the daily bait throwing amount are adjusted according to the water temperature in the conventional feeding, so that the daily required energy of the crayfishes can be met, the situation that the baits cannot eat completely can be avoided, the occurrence of the sinking condition of the baits is reduced, the pollution of the sinking baits to the water body is avoided, and the cultivation effect is better; in addition, the bait proportion and the daily feed amount are adjusted according to the water temperature, so that the effect of adjusting the food intake of the crayfish parents is achieved, and the death rate of the crayfish parents can be reduced.
Example 1
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, wherein the soil of the paddy field is cohesive soil, the area of the paddy field is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the paddy field, no shrimp ditches are dug in the paddy field, the original appearance of the paddy field is kept, and water is stored in the paddy field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm, so that the crayfish breeding paddy field is obtained;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with weight of 25 g-35 g, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1: 1;
(3) parent stocking: breeding the crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1) in 6-7 months every year, wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 18 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field conforms to the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 13 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 18 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water every 7 days, and the amount of water replaced each time is 1/5-1/4 of the total amount of water;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 3% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled to be 28%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 33 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 2% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is made of animal bait 23% and plant bait the rest;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of baits is 2 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 18 percent of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding reinforcing baits for 1 time per week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing baits fed per time is 1.2 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing baits are used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of mussel meat, 25 parts of snail meat, 20 parts of pork liver, 15 parts of yellow mealworm, 0.2 part of vitamin E and 0.13 part of allicin;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents breed eggs, the supplementary bait is fed for 1 time every 2 days, the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.02 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the hatchability of the egg-breeding shrimps is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of mussel meat, 15 parts of bone meal, 25 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 0.3 part of calcium chloride and 0.13 part of sodium citrate; after hatching, the crayfish parents are not fed in a second strengthening mode;
(6) daily management:
1) aerating in a crayfish breeding rice field for 8 hours by using a small aerator or a water pump at night, keeping the water body flowing state and stimulating the growth of the gonads of the crayfish parents;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm every day, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
The crayfish parent breeding method is used for breeding crayfish parents, the survival rate of grown shrimps, the survival rate of egg-carrying shrimps, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of shrimp larvae, the proportion of soft-shell shrimps in the shrimp larvae and other data are counted in the breeding process, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Survival rate of adult shrimp (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average egg capacity (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp egg Survival rate of shrimp larvae (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Ratio of hard-shelled shrimp larvae (%)
98.5 97.3 335 96.5 Whether or not 87.8 0.4 99.6
Example 2
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, wherein the soil of the paddy field is cohesive soil, the area of the paddy field is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the paddy field, no shrimp ditches are dug in the paddy field, the original appearance of the paddy field is kept, and water is stored in the paddy field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm, so that the crayfish breeding paddy field is obtained;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with weight of 25 g-35 g, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1.5: 1;
(3) parent stocking: breeding crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1) in 6-7 months every year, wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 22 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field meets the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 18 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 22 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water every 10 days, and the amount of water replaced each time is 1/5-1/4 of the total amount of water;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 5% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled to be 32%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 7% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 37 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is made of animal bait controlled at 37% and plant bait in balance;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of bait is 7 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 22 percent of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding reinforcing baits for 2 times per week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing baits fed each time is 1.5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing baits are used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mussel meat, 30 parts of snail meat, 25 parts of pork liver, 18 parts of yellow mealworm, 0.5 part of vitamin E and 0.16 part of allicin;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents carry eggs, the supplementary bait is fed for 1 time every 3 days, the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.05 percent of the total weight of the stored crayfish, and the hatching rate of the egg-carrying crayfish is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of mussel meat, 20 parts of bone meal, 30 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.6 part of sodium chloride, 0.6 part of calcium chloride and 0.15 part of sodium citrate; after hatching, the crayfish parents are not fed in a second strengthening mode;
(6) daily management:
1) aerating in the crayfish breeding rice field for 10 hours by using a small aerator or a water pump at night, keeping the water body flowing state and stimulating the growth of the gonads of the crayfish parents;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm every day, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
When the crayfish parent is bred by using the breeding method, the survival rate of the grown crayfish, the survival rate of the egg-carrying crayfish, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of the young crayfish, the proportion of the soft-shell crayfish in the young crayfish and other data are counted in the breeding process, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Survival rate of adult shrimp (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average amount of eggs (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp eggs Survival rate of shrimp larvae (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Proportion of hard shell shrimp larvae (%)
98.7 97.2 338 96.3 Whether or not 87.6 0.3 99.7
Example 3
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfish rice fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, wherein the soil of the paddy field is cohesive soil, the area of the paddy field is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the paddy field, no shrimp ditches are dug in the paddy field, the original appearance of the paddy field is kept, and water is stored in the paddy field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm, so that the crayfish breeding paddy field is obtained;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with 28-35 g weight, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1.1: 1;
(3) parent stocking: in 6-7 months every year, breeding crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1), wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 20 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field meets the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once every 15 days in the crayfish breeding rice field, and sprinkling quicklime water once every 20 days in the crayfish breeding rice field;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water once every 9 days, and the water replacement amount is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount each time;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, feeding first bait, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled at 30%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 5% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 35 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 3% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is composed of 28% of animal bait and the balance of plant bait;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of bait is 5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 20% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding reinforcing baits for 2 times per week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing baits fed each time is 1.3 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing baits are used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of mussel meat, 26 parts of snail meat, 22 parts of pork liver, 16 parts of yellow mealworm, 0.3 part of vitamin E and 0.14 part of allicin;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents breed eggs, the supplementary bait is fed for 1 time every 2 days, the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.03 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the hatchability of the egg-breeding shrimps is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of clam meat, 16 parts of bone meal, 27 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.4 part of calcium chloride and 0.13 part of sodium citrate; after hatching, the crayfish parents are not fed in a second strengthening mode;
(6) daily management:
1) aerating in a crayfish breeding rice field for 9 hours by using a small aerator or a water pump at night, keeping the water body flowing state, and stimulating the growth of the gonads of the crayfish parents;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm every day, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
When the crayfish parent is bred by using the breeding method, the survival rate of the grown crayfish, the survival rate of the egg-carrying crayfish, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of the young crayfish, the proportion of the soft-shell crayfish in the young crayfish and other data are counted, and the results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
Survival rate of adult shrimp (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average egg capacity (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp eggs Survival rate of shrimp larvae (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Ratio of hard-shelled shrimp larvae (%)
98.9 97.8 345 97.3 Whether or not 88.3 0.1 99.9
Example 4
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, wherein the soil of the paddy field is cohesive soil, the area of the paddy field is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the paddy field, no shrimp ditches are dug in the paddy field, the original appearance of the paddy field is kept, and water is stored in the paddy field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm, so that the crayfish breeding paddy field is obtained;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with 28-35 g weight, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1.1: 1;
(3) parent stocking: in 6-7 months every year, breeding crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1), wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 20 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field meets the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 15 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 20 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water once every 9 days, and the water replacement amount is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount each time;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled to be 30%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 5% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 35 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 3% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait contains 28% of animal bait and the balance of plant bait;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of bait is 5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 20% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding 2 times of reinforcing bait every week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing bait fed every time is 1.3 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing bait is used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of mussel meat, 26 parts of snail meat, 22 parts of pork liver, 16 parts of yellow mealworm, 0.3 part of vitamin E and 0.14 part of allicin;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents breed eggs, the supplementary bait is fed for 1 time every 2 days, the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.03 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the hatchability of the egg-breeding shrimps is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of mussel meat, 16 parts of bone meal, 27 parts of yellow mealworm, 0.4 part of sodium chloride and 0.4 part of calcium chloride; after hatching, the crayfish parents are not fed in a second strengthening mode;
(6) daily management:
1) at night, a small aerator or a water pump is used for aeration for 9 hours in the crayfish breeding rice field, the flowing state of a water body is kept, and the gonad development of the crayfish parents is stimulated;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm every day, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
The crayfish parent breeding method is used for breeding crayfish parents, the survival rate of grown shrimps, the survival rate of egg-carrying shrimps, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of shrimp larvae, the proportion of soft-shell shrimps in the shrimp larvae and other data are counted in the breeding process, and the results are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4
Survival rate of adult shrimp (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average egg capacity (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp egg Survival rate of shrimp larvae (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Ratio of hard-shelled shrimp larvae (%)
98.8 97.7 343 97.1 Whether or not 88.1 0.8 99.2
Comparative example 1
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, wherein the soil of the paddy field is cohesive soil, the area of the paddy field is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the paddy field, no shrimp ditches are dug in the paddy field, the original appearance of the paddy field is kept, and water is stored in the paddy field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm, so that the crayfish breeding paddy field is obtained;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with 28-35 g weight, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1.1: 1;
(3) parent stocking: in 6-7 months every year, breeding crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1), wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 20 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field meets the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 15 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 20 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water once every 9 days, and the water replacement amount is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount each time;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled to be 30%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 5% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 35 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 3% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is composed of 28% of animal bait and the balance of plant bait;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of bait is 5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 20% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding 2 times of reinforcing bait every week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing bait fed every time is 1.3 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing bait is used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of mussel meat, 26 parts of snail meat, 22 parts of pork liver, 16 parts of yellow mealworm and 0.14 part of allicin;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents carry eggs, the supplementary bait is fed for 1 time every 2 days, the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.03 percent of the total weight of the stored crayfish, and the hatching rate of the egg-carrying crayfish is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of mussel meat, 16 parts of bone meal, 27 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.4 part of calcium chloride and 0.13 part of sodium citrate; after hatching, the crayfish parents are not fed in a second strengthening mode;
(6) daily management:
1) at night, a small aerator or a water pump is used for aeration for 9 hours in the crayfish breeding rice field, the flowing state of a water body is kept, and the gonad development of the crayfish parents is stimulated;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the daily early and late water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parent strain is stimulated.
When the crayfish parent is bred by using the breeding method, the survival rate of the grown crayfish, the survival rate of the egg-carrying crayfish, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of the young crayfish, the proportion of the soft-shell crayfish in the young crayfish and other data are counted in the breeding process, and the results are shown in the following table 5:
TABLE 5
Survival rate of adult shrimp (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average amount of eggs (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp eggs Survival rate of shrimp larvae (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Ratio of hard-shelled shrimp larvae (%)
98.5 97.9 253 97.2 Whether or not 87.4 0.3 99.7
Comparative example 2
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a paddy field with convenient drainage and irrigation, wherein the soil of the paddy field is cohesive soil, the area of the paddy field is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the paddy field, no shrimp ditches are dug in the paddy field, the original appearance of the paddy field is kept, and water is stored in the paddy field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm, so that the crayfish breeding paddy field is obtained;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with 28-35 g weight, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1.1-1.5: 1;
(3) parent stocking: breeding the crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1) in 6-7 months every year, wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 20 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field meets the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of the water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 4mg/L, and the transparency is 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 15 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 20 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water once every 9 days, and the water replacement amount is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount each time;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled to be 30%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 5% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 35 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 3% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is composed of 28% of animal bait and the balance of plant bait;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of bait is 5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 20% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding 2 times of reinforcing bait every week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing bait fed every time is 1.3 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing bait is used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of mussel meat, 26 parts of snail meat, 22 parts of pork liver, 16 parts of yellow mealworm and 0.3 part of vitamin E;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents breed eggs, the supplementary bait is fed for 1 time every 2 days, the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.03 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the hatchability of the egg-breeding shrimps is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of mussel meat, 16 parts of bone meal, 27 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.4 part of calcium chloride and 0.13 part of sodium citrate; after hatching, the crayfish parents are not fed in a second strengthening mode;
(6) daily management:
1) at night, a small aerator or a water pump is used for aeration for 9 hours in the crayfish breeding rice field, the flowing state of a water body is kept, and the gonad development of the crayfish parents is stimulated;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm every day, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
When the crayfish parent is bred by using the breeding method, the survival rate of the grown crayfish, the survival rate of the egg-carrying crayfish, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of the young crayfish, the proportion of the soft-shell crayfish in the young crayfish and other data are counted, and the results are shown in the following table 6:
TABLE 6
Survival rate of adult shrimp (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average egg capacity (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp eggs Survival rate of shrimp larvae (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Proportion of hard shell shrimp larvae (%)
96.3 94.2 326 96.7 Whether or not 87.8 0.2 99.8
Comparative example 3
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a rice field with convenient irrigation and drainage, wherein the rice field soil is cohesive soil, the rice field area is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field, not digging shrimp ditches in the rice field, keeping the original appearance of the rice field surface, and storing water in the rice field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm to obtain the crayfish breeding rice field;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with 28-35 g weight, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1.1: 1;
(3) parent stocking: in 6-7 months every year, breeding crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1), wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 20 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field conforms to the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 15 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 20 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water once every 9 days, and the water replacement amount is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount each time;
(5) feeding management:
1) and (3) conventional feeding:
feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled to be 30%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 5% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 35 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 3% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is composed of 28% of animal bait and the balance of plant bait;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of bait is 5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 20% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding reinforcing baits for 2 times per week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing baits fed each time is 1.3 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing baits are used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of mussel meat, 26 parts of snail meat, 22 parts of pork liver, 16 parts of yellow mealworm, 0.3 part of vitamin E and 0.14 part of allicin;
(6) daily management:
1) at night, a small aerator or a water pump is used for aeration for 8-10 hours in the crayfish breeding rice field, the flowing state of a water body is kept, and the gonad development of the crayfish parent is stimulated;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm every day, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
When the crayfish parent is bred by using the breeding method, the survival rate of the grown crayfish, the survival rate of the egg-carrying crayfish, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of the young crayfish, the proportion of the soft-shell crayfish in the young crayfish and other data are counted in the breeding process, and the results are shown in the following table 7:
TABLE 7
Survival rate of adult shrimps (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average amount of eggs (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp egg Survival rate of shrimp larvae (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Proportion of hard shell shrimp larvae (%)
97.3 96.5 324 90.1 Is that 85.5 0.9 99.1
Comparative example 4
A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a rice field with convenient irrigation and drainage, wherein the rice field soil is cohesive soil, the rice field area is 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the rice field, not digging shrimp ditches in the rice field, keeping the original appearance of the rice field surface, and storing water in the rice field until the water depth reaches 50cm to 80cm to obtain the crayfish breeding rice field;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with 28-35 g weight, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1.1-1.5: 1;
(3) parent stocking: in 6-7 months every year, breeding crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1), wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 20 kilograms per mu; the water quality in the crayfish breeding rice field meets the regulation of GB 11607;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of the water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 4mg/L, and the transparency is 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 15 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 20 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water once every 9 days, and the water replacement amount is 1/5-1/4 of the total water amount each time;
(5) feeding management:
1) and (3) conventional feeding:
feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 4% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled to be 30%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 5% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 35 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 3% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait contains 28% of animal bait and the balance of plant bait;
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of bait is 5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 20% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening.
When the crayfish parent is bred by using the breeding method, the survival rate of the grown crayfish, the survival rate of the egg-carrying crayfish, the average egg-carrying amount, the hatching rate, the survival rate of the young crayfish, the proportion of the soft-shell crayfish in the young crayfish and other data are counted in the breeding process, and the results are shown in the following table 8:
TABLE 8
Survival rate of adult shrimp (%) Survival rate of egg-carrying shrimp (%) Average egg capacity (granule) Hatching rate (%) Whether the egg-carrying shrimp eats or takes the shrimp eggs Survival rate of shrimp larva (%) Percentage of soft-shelled shrimp larvae (%) Ratio of hard-shelled shrimp larvae (%)
93.4 90.5 198 87.4 Is that 73.6 1.5 98.5
According to the breeding situation of the embodiment, the comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for the crayfish in the rice field in the south area is characterized in that under the condition that the original appearance of the rice field is kept without digging a crayfish ditch, the gonad of the crayfish parent is stimulated to mature through the combination of operations of first strengthening feeding, second strengthening feeding, repeatedly lifting the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field and the like, the crayfish parent is not provided with the crayfish ditch, the hole digging mating of the crayfish parent can be promoted, the average egg holding amount, the egg holding rate of the crayfish parent and the survival rate of the crayfish fry are improved, and a large amount of crayfish can emerge; the strengthening bait is animal bait added with vitamin E and allicin, the addition of the vitamin E in the animal bait can promote the gonad development of the parents, and can also promote the hole digging mating of the crayfish parents under the condition of not arranging shrimp ditches; the allicin is added into the reinforcing bait, so that the disease resistance of crayfish parents can be improved, the morbidity and the mortality of the crayfish parents can be reduced, and the crayfish can be propagated in large quantities; the appropriate amount of bone meal, sodium chloride and calcium chloride are added into the supplementary bait fed when the crayfish parents breed eggs, so that salt, mineral elements, phospholipids, phosphoprotein and the like required by the crayfish breeding eggs can be supplemented, the crayfish breeding eggs can be effectively prevented from eating and taking the crayfish eggs, the hatching rate of the crayfish breeding eggs is improved, and a large amount of seedlings can emerge; the crayfish parent gonad development maturity can be stimulated by oxygenation at night, keeping the water body flowing state and repeatedly lifting the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field, the oxygenation at night is combined with the repeatedly lifting of the water level, the oxygen content of the water body is guaranteed, meanwhile, the effect of double stimulation of crayfish parent gonad development maturity is achieved, the crayfish parent breeding is further strengthened, and the crayfish can be bred in a large quantity; the supplementary bait also comprises sodium citrate, so that the disease resistance of the egg-carrying shrimps can be improved, the death rate of the parents of the crayfishes can be reduced, the crayfishes can be propagated in large quantity, the number of the hatched soft-shell shrimps can be reduced, the proportion of the hard-shell shrimps is higher, and the quality of the shrimp seedlings is better.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for crayfishes in paddy fields in south China is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a rice field: selecting a rice field convenient for drainage and irrigation, heightening and reinforcing ridge of the rice field, not digging shrimp ditches in the rice field, keeping the original appearance of the field surface of the rice field, and storing water in the rice field until the water depth reaches 50-80 cm to obtain a crayfish breeding rice field;
(2) selecting the crayfish parents: selecting crayfish with weight of 25 g-35 g, dark red body color, smooth body surface, complete appendages and sensitive reaction as crayfish parents, wherein the male-female ratio of the crayfish parents is 1-1.5: 1;
(3) parent stocking: breeding the crayfish parents in the crayfish breeding rice field in the step (1) in 6-7 months every year, wherein the breeding amount of the crayfish parents is 18-22 kilograms per mu;
(4) water quality management:
1) keeping the pH value of a water body of the crayfish breeding rice field at 7.5-8.4, the dissolved oxygen at least 4mg/L and the transparency at 20-30 cm;
2) sprinkling EM bacteria once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 13-18 days, and sprinkling quicklime water once in the crayfish breeding rice field every 18-22 days;
3) the crayfish breeding rice field is refilled with fresh water every 7-10 days, and the amount of water replaced each time is 1/5-1/4 of the total amount of water;
(5) feeding management:
1) feeding in a conventional way:
feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the total feeding amount of baits is 2-7% of the total weight of the stored shrimps in the morning and evening; the bait amount fed in the morning accounts for 18-22% of the total bait feeding amount, and the balance is fed in the evening;
2) first reinforced feeding: feeding reinforcing baits for 1-2 times every week to promote the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of clam meat, 25-30 parts of snail meat, 20-25 parts of pork liver, 15-18 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin E and 0.13-0.16 part of allicin;
3) second reinforced feeding: when the crayfish parents breed eggs, the supplementary baits are fed for 1 time every 2-3 days, so that the hatching rate of the egg-breeding crayfish is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of mussel meat, 15-20 parts of bone meal, 25-30 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.3-0.6 part of sodium chloride and 0.3-0.6 part of calcium chloride;
(6) daily management:
1) at night, a small aerator or a water pump is used for aeration in the crayfish breeding rice field, the flowing state of a water body is kept, and the gonad development of the crayfish parents is stimulated;
2) the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly lifted, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parent is stimulated.
2. The method for strengthening cultivation of the parents for paddy field comprehensive planting and breeding of the crayfishes in the south China as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil in the paddy field selected in the step (1) is cohesive soil, and the area of the paddy field is from 2000 square meters to 3335 square meters.
3. The comprehensive breeding parent reinforced cultivation method for the crayfishes in the paddy field in the south China as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crayfishes with the weight of 28 g-35 g, dark red body color, smooth body surfaces, complete appendages and sensitive reactions are selected as the crayfishes in the step (2), and the male-female ratio of the crayfishes is 1.1-1.5: 1.
4. The comprehensive breeding parent strengthening cultivation method for the crayfishes in the rice field in the south China as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the crayfishes are bred in the step (3), the water quality in the rice field for breeding the crayfishes meets the requirements of GB 11607.
5. The method for strengthening cultivation of the rice field comprehensive planting and breeding parents of the crayfish in the south area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conventional feeding in the step (5) comprises the following steps: feeding first bait when the water temperature is 20-25 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the first bait is 3% -5% of the weight of the crayfish parents, the animal bait in the first bait is controlled at 28% -32%, and the balance is plant bait;
feeding second bait when the water temperature is 26-30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the second bait is 4-7% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the animal baits in the second baits are controlled to be 33-37 percent, and the balance is plant baits;
feeding a third bait when the water temperature is above 30 ℃, wherein the daily bait feeding amount of the third bait is 2-4% of the weight of the crayfish parent; the third bait is made of animal bait 23-37 wt% and plant bait for the rest.
6. The paddy field comprehensive breeding parent enhanced cultivation method for crayfishes in southern areas according to claim 1, characterized in that the first enhanced feeding in the step (5) comprises the following steps: feeding reinforcing baits for 1-2 times every week, wherein the amount of the reinforcing baits fed every time is 1.2-1.5 percent of the total weight of the stored shrimps, and the reinforcing baits are used for promoting the gonad development of the crayfish parents; the reinforcing bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-35 parts of mussel meat, 26-30 parts of snail meat, 22-25 parts of pork liver, 16-18 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.3-0.5 part of vitamin E and 0.14-0.16 part of allicin.
7. The method for strengthening cultivation of the rice field comprehensive planting and breeding parents of the crayfish in the south area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second strengthening feeding in the step (5) comprises the following steps: when the parent crayfish spawns, feeding supplementary bait for 1 time every 2-3 days, wherein the supplementary bait fed for each time accounts for 0.02-0.05% of the total weight of the stored crayfish, and the hatching rate of the spawned crayfish is improved; the supplementary bait consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42-45 parts of clam meat, 16-20 parts of bone meal, 27-30 parts of tenebrio molitor, 0.4-0.6 part of sodium chloride and 0.4-0.6 part of calcium chloride.
8. The method for strengthening cultivation of the rice field comprehensive planting and breeding parents of the crayfish in the south area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supplementary bait in the step (5) further comprises 0.13-0.15 weight part of sodium citrate.
9. The comprehensive breeding parent enhanced cultivation method for the crayfishes in the paddy field in the south area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), a small-sized aerator or a water pump is used for aeration for 8-10 hours in the crayfish breeding paddy field at night, the water body flow state is maintained, and the gonad development of the crayfish parents is stimulated.
10. The comprehensive breeding parent reinforcement cultivation method for the crayfish rice field in the south China as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the water level of the crayfish breeding rice field is repeatedly increased and decreased, so that the daily early and late water level difference of the crayfish breeding rice field is 8-17 cm, and the gonad maturation of the crayfish parent is stimulated.
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