CN113557997A - Batch ecological breeding method for paddy field crayfishes without circular ditches - Google Patents
Batch ecological breeding method for paddy field crayfishes without circular ditches Download PDFInfo
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- CN113557997A CN113557997A CN202110777558.0A CN202110777558A CN113557997A CN 113557997 A CN113557997 A CN 113557997A CN 202110777558 A CN202110777558 A CN 202110777558A CN 113557997 A CN113557997 A CN 113557997A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ecologically raising the seedlings of crayfishes without circular ditches in a rice field in batches, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: 3 crayfish breeding ridges are arranged around the rice field: rice field structural transformation, the setting of the ridge around the rice field and the batch control of water level: the original structure of the rice field is not changed, the original integral structure of the rice field is maintained, the field surface slightly fluctuates but does not influence machine-transplanted rice seedlings, and soil is taken from different places to heighten and reinforce ridges; the field block size is about 10 mu, 3 ridges are arranged around the rice field, the first ridge is arranged around the inner side of the rice field and is not closed, and an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel with the width of 10 m are reserved; the second ridge is arranged between the first ridge and the third ridge, is not closed like the first ridge, and is provided with an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel which are 8 m wide; the third ridge is arranged on the outer side of the periphery of the rice field and closed, the original integral structure of the rice field is kept, and the field surface slightly fluctuates without influencing mechanical rice transplanting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crayfish breeding seedlings, in particular to a batch ecological breeding method for paddy field crayfish without a circular groove.
Background
The procambarus clarkii belongs to the class of the arthrobacteria, the class of crustaceans, the family of crayfishes and the genus of procambarus clarkii, is also named as crayfish, is known as procambarus clarkii (hereinafter collectively named as crayfish), has delicious meat taste and rich nutrition, is deeply loved by people, and is a main variety for culturing the shrimps at present. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of crayfishes are rapidly reduced, and the price is gradually increased, so that the market demand is met through artificial scientific culture. The crayfish paddy field breeding is rapidly developed, crayfish fries cannot be supplied at any time and become the bottleneck of crayfish breeding industry, due to the biological characteristics of crayfish breeding, the egg holding amount and the fry discharging amount of each group of parent crayfish are limited and generally range from 100 to 300 crayfish fries, although the crayfish industrial breeding is reported to be successful, the crayfish paddy field breeding requirements are far from being met; the method obtains the success of the batch ecological breeding of the crayfish rice field through continuous experiment exploration, and can adopt the continuous rice field to carry out the batch ecological breeding of the crayfish, thereby realizing the large-scale and batch production of crayfish fries.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for ecologically raising the seedlings of the crayfishes without the circular groove in the rice field in batches to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for ecologically raising the seedlings of the crayfishes without the circular ditches in the rice field in batches, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for ecologically raising the seedlings of the crayfishes without the circular ditches in the rice field in batches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: 3 crayfish breeding ridges are arranged around the rice field: rice field structural transformation, the setting of the ridge around the rice field and the batch control of water level: the original structure of the rice field is not changed, the original integral structure of the rice field is maintained, the field surface slightly fluctuates but does not influence machine-transplanted rice seedlings, and soil is taken from different places to heighten and reinforce ridges; the field block size is about 10 mu, 3 ridges are arranged around the rice field, the first ridge is arranged around the inner side of the rice field and is not closed, and an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel with the width of 10 m are reserved; the second ridge is arranged between the first ridge and the third ridge, is not closed like the first ridge, and is provided with an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel which are 8 m wide; the third ridge is arranged on the outer side of the periphery of the rice field and is closed;
step two: the parent throwing area of the rice field is provided with a parent selector, so that crayfishes with weak constitution are eliminated, and the parent shrimps are preferably selected: putting 15-20 kg of parent shrimps into each mu of rice field, putting the parent shrimps into a parent selector in batches and in batches, wherein the specification is 30-40 g/tail, the putting time is 7-8 months, the parent shrimps are put into the parent selector in a batch mode, the putting amount is 5-10 kg each time, the strong parent shrimps climb out of the parent selector and enter the rice field, and the parent shrimps which cannot climb out of the parent selector are eliminated and used as commercial shrimps;
step three: the special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed to the parent shrimps to improve the egg holding amount of the parent shrimps: the parent shrimps mainly use natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds and the like in the rice field, the granular feed is fed in a supplementing way in 9-10 months and 3 months next year, the feeding is carried out for 1 time in 16: 00-17: 00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 1-2 percent of the total weight of the shrimps;
step four: controlling the mating and spawning of the crayfish in batches according to the growth of the rice and the water level of the rice field:
when the rice is yellow, lowering water to 0.6m water level for the first time, inducing the first crayfish which reaches sexual maturity to dig a hole near the 0.6m water level line at the inner side of the third ridge for mating; quickly reducing the water level to the position of a water level line of 0.3m after 15 days, and inducing a second batch of the sexual maturity-reached crayfishes to dig holes near the water level line of 0.3m on the two sides of a second ridge for mating; quickly reducing the water level to 0m after 30 days, exposing the field surface to the water surface, drying in the sun and cracking, and inducing a third batch of the sexual-maturity-reached crayfishes to dig holes near the water level lines of 0m at the two sides of the first ridge and in the slightly fluctuant place in the middle of the rice field for mating;
step five: high stubble (more than 45 cm) is left for rice to build more suitable mating and spawning places for crayfish, and a miniature ecological stove is built for crayfish fries: rice variety selection and stubble remaining: selecting high-quality rice seeds with disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance, such as Wan rice 96, Yangjing No. 8, Wuyujing No. 16 and the like; drying the rice field again before harvesting, reducing the water level of the rice field to about 0cm in 10 months, enabling the harvester to enter the rice field to harvest the rice after the rice is hardened and dried, reserving rice straws more than 45 cm (different from the conventional rice stubble with the height of 20-30 cm), transplanting 1.5 thousands of holes in each 667m2 according to 3 years of production practice and innovation, tillering each hole into 12 plants on average, reserving 18 thousands of rice stubbles in each 667m2, and forming an ecological stove around the rice stubbles, wherein the ecological stove comprises field aquatic plants, benthonic animals and aquatic insects; 1-2 rice stubbles and a micro ecological stove are possessed by each 1 crayfish seedling;
step six: after the rice is harvested, the growth and breeding process of the crayfishes is adjusted through water level control, and after 15 d after the rice is harvested, water is added to induce crayfish seedlings to be gathered out of the holes: after harvesting for 15 days, adding water, after 30 days, making the water level of the rice field reach 35 cm, inducing two sides of the first ridge and the middle of the rice field to dig holes to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the crayfish parents out of the holes, cultivating the first batch of early seedlings, culturing large commercial crayfish, selling the large commercial crayfish at a high price in 5 months and 1 day in the next year, and obtaining a large profit; controlling the water level of the board surface to 35-40 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year; the water level control technology ensures that the water level of the rice field does not submerge the top of the rice stubble all the time from 10 months to 3 months in the next year after the rice is harvested, the rice stubble is always erected in water, the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the wintering period, and the crayfish parents and the crayfish fries can smoothly wintering; keeping the water temperature in the wintering period, and fertilizing the water quality to provide natural baits in the spring festival of the second year;
controlling the water level of the rice field to be about 60 cm in 3-4 months, inducing the holes on the two sides of the second ridge to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the seedlings, and culturing second batch of middle seedlings; in the month 5, controlling the water level of the rice field at about 90 cm, inducing the inner sides of the third ridges to dig holes to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the crayfish parents out of the holes, cultivating a third batch of late seedlings, and providing seedlings for commercial crayfish cultivation in the high-temperature season of 7-9 months;
step seven: the natural bait of the offspring seeds is combined with the artificial feed: feeding according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field from 3 late month to 5 late months of the next year, wherein the feeding amount of 2 every 667m is 0.5kg to 1.0kg from 3 late month to 5 early months of the next year; the feeding amount of the feed is 1.1 kg to 2.0 kg per 667m2 from middle to last ten days of the month; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises granulated feed;
step eight: fry catching and yield: the fry catching time is 3-6 months, and the average yield of the crayfish fries in the rice field reaches 12.5 ten thousand per 667m 2-15.5 ten thousand per 667m 2.
Preferably, the height of the first ridge is 0.3m, the width of the first ridge is 0.3m, the slope ratio of the ridge to the side close to the rice field is more than 1: 5, the width of the slope reaches 1.5 m, and the crayfish has more moving and digging spaces when the water level is low; the height of a second ridge is 0.6m, the width of the second ridge is 0.6m, the slope ratio of the ridge close to one side of the rice field is more than 1: 3, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.8 m, and the second ridge is a space for the crayfish to move and dig a hole when the water level is middle; the distance between the base of the second ridge and the base of the first ridge and the base of the third ridge are both 0.5 m; the height of a third ridge is 1.2m, the width of the third ridge is 1.2m, the slope ratio of the ridge to one side of the rice field is 1: 1.5, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.8 m, and the third ridge has more moving and digging spaces for crayfishes at high water level; the inner side of the gentle slope of the third ridge is provided with a 'plant covering belt': creeping stalk grass with the width of 3m, lotus seeds with the width of 3m, wormwood with the width of 3m, alfalfa grass with the width of 3m and Chinese milk vetch with the width of 3m are sequentially repeated and are distributed on gentle slopes around a ridge to shield the holes for the crayfish exposed above the horizontal plane from strong light irradiation, so that the water in the holes is prevented from rapidly evaporating, and the proper humidity and temperature in the holes are ensured; the two sides of the first ridge and the second ridge and the inner side of the third ridge can provide moving and digging spaces for crayfishes.
Preferably, the ridge building material is self-developed crayfish breeding soil which comprises the following components: the rice field fertilizer comprises 90 parts of rice field soil, 2 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 2 parts of shrimp rice field straws, 1 part of medical stone, 1 part of shell powder, 1 part of glutinous rice flour, 1 part of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of rice bran and 1 part of selenium-rich yeast powder.
Preferably, the parent selector in the second step is an elm wood product with the shape of a circle, the diameter of the bottom of the elm wood product is 1.25m, the diameter of the top of the elm wood product is 1.2m, the height of the elm wood product is 0.5 m, and the inner side and the outer side of the elm wood product are coated with tung oil; after the tung oil is coated, soaking the crayfishes in paddy field water for more than 3 years for 90 days; the elm which is more than 6 years is selected for production through repeated verification, the tung oil is coated, the rice field is soaked for 90 days, the circular selector is slightly inclined inwards, the proper height is 0.5 m, the strong parent shrimps can climb out of the parent selector and fall into the rice field without being damaged, the weak parent shrimps cannot climb out of the selector, and the optimization of the parents is realized.
Preferably, the formula of the feed for the gonad development of the parent shrimps in the third step comprises the following steps: 15% of dried limnodrilus, 10% of dried blood powder, 10% of dried shells, 10% of dried beef liver, 18% of dried fly maggot, 23% of skim milk powder, 3% of kudzu root powder, 2% of gelatin, 2% of Arabic gum, 2% of eyebright seed powder, 2% of alfalfa powder, 1% of milk vetch powder, 1% of selenium-enriched malt, 0.5% of yeast and 0.5% of others; the artificial granulated feed is prepared according to the formula.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
the invention can keep the original integral structure of the rice field, and the field surface slightly fluctuates without influencing the mechanical rice transplanting. The method comprises the steps of taking soil from different places, heightening and reinforcing ridges, arranging 3 crayfish breeding ridges with different heights and widths around a rice field, wherein the ridge construction material is self-developed crayfish breeding soil, arranging a parent selector in a parent putting-in area of the rice field, eliminating weak crayfish, preferably selecting parent crayfish, specially promoting the gonad development of the parent crayfish to obtain granular feed, improving the egg holding amount of the parent crayfish, adjusting the water level of the rice field according to the growth of rice, controlling the crayfish to mate and lay eggs in batches, leaving high stubbles (more than 45 cm) for the crayfish to create more suitable mating and laying places for crayfish fries to create a micro ecological stove, adjusting the growth and breeding process of the crayfish through water level control after the rice is harvested, and breeding three crayfish fries in the morning and evening in the same rice field.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for ecologically raising the seedlings of crayfishes without circular ditches in a rice field in batches, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: 3 crayfish breeding ridges are arranged around the rice field: rice field structural transformation, the setting of the ridge around the rice field and the batch control of water level: the original structure of the rice field is not changed, the original integral structure of the rice field is maintained, the field surface slightly fluctuates but does not influence machine-transplanted rice seedlings, and soil is taken from different places to heighten and reinforce ridges; the field block size is about 10 mu, 3 ridges are arranged around the rice field, the first ridge is arranged around the inner side of the rice field and is not closed, and an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel with the width of 10 m are reserved; the second ridge is arranged between the first ridge and the third ridge, is not closed like the first ridge, and is provided with an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel which are 8 m wide; the third ridge is arranged on the outer side of the periphery of the rice field and is closed;
step two: the parent throwing area of the rice field is provided with a parent selector, so that crayfishes with weak constitution are eliminated, and the parent shrimps are preferably selected: putting 15-20 kg of parent shrimps into each mu of rice field, putting the parent shrimps into a parent selector in batches and in batches, wherein the specification is 30-40 g/tail, the putting time is 7-8 months, the parent shrimps are put into the parent selector in a batch mode, the putting amount is 5-10 kg each time, the strong parent shrimps climb out of the parent selector and enter the rice field, and the parent shrimps which cannot climb out of the parent selector are eliminated and used as commercial shrimps;
step three: the special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed to the parent shrimps to improve the egg holding amount of the parent shrimps: the parent shrimps mainly use natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds and the like in the rice field, the granular feed is fed in a supplementing way in 9-10 months and 3 months next year, the feeding is carried out for 1 time in 16: 00-17: 00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 1-2 percent of the total weight of the shrimps;
step four: controlling the mating and spawning of the crayfish in batches according to the growth of the rice and the water level of the rice field:
when the rice is yellow, lowering water to 0.6m water level for the first time, inducing the first crayfish which reaches sexual maturity to dig a hole near the 0.6m water level line at the inner side of the third ridge for mating; quickly reducing the water level to the position of a water level line of 0.3m after 15 days, and inducing a second batch of the sexual maturity-reached crayfishes to dig holes near the water level line of 0.3m on the two sides of a second ridge for mating; quickly reducing the water level to 0m after 30 days, exposing the field surface to the water surface, drying in the sun and cracking, and inducing a third batch of the sexual-maturity-reached crayfishes to dig holes near the water level lines of 0m at the two sides of the first ridge and in the slightly fluctuant place in the middle of the rice field for mating;
step five: high stubble (more than 45 cm) is left for rice to build more suitable mating and spawning places for crayfish, and a miniature ecological stove is built for crayfish fries: rice variety selection and stubble remaining: selecting high-quality rice seeds with disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance, such as Wan rice 96, Yangjing No. 8, Wuyujing No. 16 and the like; drying the rice field again before harvesting, reducing the water level of the rice field to about 0cm in 10 months, enabling the harvester to enter the rice field to harvest the rice after the rice is hardened and dried, reserving rice straws more than 45 cm (different from the conventional rice stubble with the height of 20-30 cm), transplanting 1.5 thousands of holes in each 667m2 according to 3 years of production practice and innovation, tillering each hole into 12 plants on average, reserving 18 thousands of rice stubbles in each 667m2, and forming an ecological stove around the rice stubbles, wherein the ecological stove comprises field aquatic plants, benthonic animals and aquatic insects; 1-2 rice stubbles and a micro ecological stove are possessed by each 1 crayfish seedling;
step six: after the rice is harvested, the growth and breeding process of the crayfishes is adjusted through water level control, and after 15 d after the rice is harvested, water is added to induce crayfish seedlings to be gathered out of the holes: after harvesting for 15 days, adding water, after 30 days, making the water level of the rice field reach 35 cm, inducing two sides of the first ridge and the middle of the rice field to dig holes to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the crayfish parents out of the holes, cultivating the first batch of early seedlings, culturing large commercial crayfish, selling the large commercial crayfish at a high price in 5 months and 1 day in the next year, and obtaining a large profit; controlling the water level of the board surface to 35-40 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year; the water level control technology ensures that the water level of the rice field does not submerge the top of the rice stubble all the time from 10 months to 3 months in the next year after the rice is harvested, the rice stubble is always erected in water, the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the wintering period, and the crayfish parents and the crayfish fries can smoothly wintering; keeping the water temperature in the wintering period, and fertilizing the water quality to provide natural baits in the spring festival of the second year;
controlling the water level of the rice field to be about 60 cm in 3-4 months, inducing the holes on the two sides of the second ridge to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the seedlings, and culturing second batch of middle seedlings; in the month 5, controlling the water level of the rice field at about 90 cm, inducing the inner sides of the third ridges to dig holes to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the crayfish parents out of the holes, cultivating a third batch of late seedlings, and providing seedlings for commercial crayfish cultivation in the high-temperature season of 7-9 months;
step seven: the natural bait of the offspring seeds is combined with the artificial feed: feeding according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field from 3 late month to 5 late months of the next year, wherein the feeding amount of 2 every 667m is 0.5kg to 1.0kg from 3 late month to 5 early months of the next year; the feeding amount of the feed is 1.1 kg to 2.0 kg per 667m2 from middle to last ten days of the month; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises granulated feed;
step eight: fry catching and yield: the time for catching the crayfish fries is 3-6 months, and the average yield of the crayfish fries in the rice field reaches 14.5 ten thousand per 667m2 by the method.
Further, in the technical scheme, the height of the first ridge is 0.3m, the width of the first ridge is 0.3m, the slope ratio of the ridge to the side close to the rice field is more than 1: 5, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.5 m, and the crayfishes have more moving and digging spaces when the water level is low; the height of a second ridge is 0.6m, the width of the second ridge is 0.6m, the slope ratio of the ridge close to one side of the rice field is more than 1: 3, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.8 m, and the second ridge is a space for the crayfish to move and dig a hole when the water level is middle; the distance between the base of the second ridge and the base of the first ridge and the base of the third ridge are both 0.5 m; the height of a third ridge is 1.2m, the width of the third ridge is 1.2m, the slope ratio of the ridge to one side of the rice field is 1: 1.5, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.8 m, and the third ridge has more moving and digging spaces for crayfishes at high water level; the inner side of the gentle slope of the third ridge is provided with a 'plant covering belt': creeping stalk grass with the width of 3m, lotus seeds with the width of 3m, wormwood with the width of 3m, alfalfa grass with the width of 3m and Chinese milk vetch with the width of 3m are sequentially repeated and are distributed on gentle slopes around a ridge to shield the holes for the crayfish exposed above the horizontal plane from strong light irradiation, so that the water in the holes is prevented from rapidly evaporating, and the proper humidity and temperature in the holes are ensured; the two sides of the first ridge and the second ridge and the inner side of the third ridge can provide moving and digging spaces for crayfish;
further, in the technical scheme, the ridge building material is self-developed crayfish breeding soil, and the crayfish breeding soil comprises the following components: the rice field fertilizer comprises 90 parts of rice field soil, 2 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 2 parts of shrimp rice field straws, 1 part of medical stone, 1 part of shell powder, 1 part of glutinous rice flour, 1 part of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of rice bran and 1 part of selenium-rich yeast powder;
further, in the above technical scheme, the "parent selector" in the second step is an elm wood product with a shape of a circle, a bottom diameter of 1.25m, a top diameter of 1.2m, and a height of 0.5 m, and the inner and outer sides are coated with tung oil; after the tung oil is coated, soaking the crayfishes in paddy field water for more than 3 years for 90 days; repeatedly verifying and selecting elms more than 6 years for production, brushing tung oil, soaking in the rice field for 90 days, slightly inclining the circular selector inwards, enabling the strong parent shrimps to climb out of the parent selector and fall into the rice field without being damaged, and enabling the weak parent shrimps not to climb out of the selector, so as to realize the optimization of the parents;
further, in the above technical scheme, the formula of the feed for the gonad development of parent shrimps in step three comprises: 15% of dried limnodrilus, 10% of dried blood powder, 10% of dried shells, 10% of dried beef liver, 18% of dried fly maggot, 23% of skim milk powder, 3% of kudzu root powder, 2% of gelatin, 2% of Arabic gum, 2% of eyebright seed powder, 2% of alfalfa powder, 1% of milk vetch powder, 1% of selenium-enriched malt, 0.5% of yeast and 0.5% of others; the artificial granulated feed is prepared according to the formula.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for ecologically raising the seedlings of the crayfishes without the circular ditches in the rice field in batches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: 3 crayfish breeding ridges are arranged around the rice field: rice field structural transformation, the setting of the ridge around the rice field and the batch control of water level: the original structure of the rice field is not changed, the original integral structure of the rice field is maintained, the field surface slightly fluctuates but does not influence machine-transplanted rice seedlings, and soil is taken from different places to heighten and reinforce ridges; the field block size is about 10 mu, 3 ridges are arranged around the rice field, the first ridge is arranged around the inner side of the rice field and is not closed, and an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel with the width of 10 m are reserved; the second ridge is arranged between the first ridge and the third ridge, is not closed like the first ridge, and is provided with an agricultural machine inlet-outlet channel and a water flow channel which are 8 m wide; the third ridge is arranged on the outer side of the periphery of the rice field and is closed;
step two: the parent throwing area of the rice field is provided with a parent selector, so that crayfishes with weak constitution are eliminated, and the parent shrimps are preferably selected: putting 15-20 kg of parent shrimps into each mu of rice field, putting the parent shrimps into a parent selector in batches and in batches, wherein the specification is 30-40 g/tail, the putting time is 7-8 months, the parent shrimps are put into the parent selector in a batch mode, the putting amount is 5-10 kg each time, the strong parent shrimps climb out of the parent selector and enter the rice field, and the parent shrimps which cannot climb out of the parent selector are eliminated and used as commercial shrimps;
step three: the special granulated feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps is fed to the parent shrimps to improve the egg holding amount of the parent shrimps: the parent shrimps mainly use natural baits such as organic debris, zooplankton, aquatic insects, periphyton, aquatic weeds and the like in the rice field, the granular feed is fed in a supplementing way in 9-10 months and 3 months next year, the feeding is carried out for 1 time in 16: 00-17: 00 every day, and the feeding amount accounts for 1-2 percent of the total weight of the shrimps;
step four: controlling the mating and spawning of the crayfish in batches according to the growth of the rice and the water level of the rice field:
when the rice is yellow, lowering water to 0.6m water level for the first time, inducing the first crayfish which reaches sexual maturity to dig a hole near the 0.6m water level line at the inner side of the third ridge for mating; quickly reducing the water level to the position of a water level line of 0.3m after 15 days, and inducing a second batch of the sexual maturity-reached crayfishes to dig holes near the water level line of 0.3m on the two sides of a second ridge for mating; quickly reducing the water level to 0m after 30 days, exposing the field surface to the water surface, drying in the sun and cracking, and inducing a third batch of the sexual-maturity-reached crayfishes to dig holes near the water level lines of 0m at the two sides of the first ridge and in the slightly fluctuant place in the middle of the rice field for mating;
step five: high stubble (more than 45 cm) is left for rice to build more suitable mating and spawning places for crayfish, and a miniature ecological stove is built for crayfish fries: rice variety selection and stubble remaining: selecting high-quality rice seeds with disease resistance, insect resistance and lodging resistance, such as Wan rice 96, Yangjing No. 8, Wuyujing No. 16 and the like; drying the rice field again before harvesting, reducing the water level of the rice field to about 0cm in 10 months, enabling the harvester to enter the rice field to harvest the rice after the rice is hardened and dried, reserving rice straws more than 45 cm (different from the conventional rice stubble with the height of 20-30 cm), transplanting 1.5 thousands of holes in each 667m2 according to 3 years of production practice and innovation, tillering each hole into 12 plants on average, reserving 18 thousands of rice stubbles in each 667m2, and forming an ecological stove around the rice stubbles, wherein the ecological stove comprises field aquatic plants, benthonic animals and aquatic insects; 1-2 rice stubbles and a micro ecological stove are possessed by each 1 crayfish seedling;
step six: after the rice is harvested, the growth and breeding process of the crayfishes is adjusted through water level control, and after 15 d after the rice is harvested, water is added to induce crayfish seedlings to be gathered out of the holes: after harvesting for 15 days, adding water, after 30 days, making the water level of the rice field reach 35 cm, inducing two sides of the first ridge and the middle of the rice field to dig holes to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the crayfish parents out of the holes, cultivating the first batch of early seedlings, culturing large commercial crayfish, selling the large commercial crayfish at a high price in 5 months and 1 day in the next year, and obtaining a large profit; controlling the water level of the board surface to 35-40 cm from 11 months to 3 months in the next year; the water level control technology ensures that the water level of the rice field does not submerge the top of the rice stubble all the time from 10 months to 3 months in the next year after the rice is harvested, the rice stubble is always erected in water, the water temperature of the rice field is kept stable in the wintering period, and the crayfish parents and the crayfish fries can smoothly wintering; keeping the water temperature in the wintering period, and fertilizing the water quality to provide natural baits in the spring festival of the second year;
controlling the water level of the rice field to be about 60 cm in 3-4 months, inducing the holes on the two sides of the second ridge to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the seedlings, and culturing second batch of middle seedlings; in the month 5, controlling the water level of the rice field at about 90 cm, inducing the inner sides of the third ridges to dig holes to mate the crayfish parents, discharging the crayfish parents out of the holes, cultivating a third batch of late seedlings, and providing seedlings for commercial crayfish cultivation in the high-temperature season of 7-9 months;
step seven: the natural bait of the offspring seeds is combined with the artificial feed: feeding according to the amount of natural baits in the rice field from 3 late month to 5 late months of the next year, wherein the feeding amount of 2 every 667m is 0.5kg to 1.0kg from 3 late month to 5 early months of the next year; the feeding amount of the feed is 1.1 kg to 2.0 kg per 667m2 from middle to last ten days of the month; feeding for 1 time at a ratio of 16: 00-17: 00 every day, wherein the feed mainly comprises granulated feed;
step eight: fry catching and yield: the fry catching time is 3-6 months, and the average yield of the crayfish fries in the rice field reaches 12.5 ten thousand per 667m 2-15.5 ten thousand per 667m 2.
2. The method for batch ecological breeding of the paddy field crayfishes without the circular groove according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the first ridge is 0.3m, the width of the first ridge is 0.3m, the slope ratio of the ridge close to one side of the rice field is more than 1: 5, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.5 m, and the crayfish has more moving and digging spaces when the water level is low; the height of a second ridge is 0.6m, the width of the second ridge is 0.6m, the slope ratio of the ridge close to one side of the rice field is more than 1: 3, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.8 m, and the second ridge is a space for the crayfish to move and dig a hole when the water level is middle; the distance between the base of the second ridge and the base of the first ridge and the base of the third ridge are both 0.5 m; the height of a third ridge is 1.2m, the width of the third ridge is 1.2m, the slope ratio of the ridge to one side of the rice field is 1: 1.5, the width of the slope surface reaches 1.8 m, and the third ridge has more moving and digging spaces for crayfishes at high water level; the inner side of the gentle slope of the third ridge is provided with a 'plant covering belt': creeping stalk grass with the width of 3m, lotus seeds with the width of 3m, wormwood with the width of 3m, alfalfa grass with the width of 3m and Chinese milk vetch with the width of 3m are sequentially repeated and are distributed on gentle slopes around a ridge to shield the holes for the crayfish exposed above the horizontal plane from strong light irradiation, so that the water in the holes is prevented from rapidly evaporating, and the proper humidity and temperature in the holes are ensured; the two sides of the first ridge and the second ridge and the inner side of the third ridge can provide moving and digging spaces for crayfishes.
3. The method for batch ecological breeding of the paddy field crayfishes without the circular groove according to claim 2, characterized in that: the ridge building material is self-developed crayfish breeding soil which comprises the following components: the rice field fertilizer comprises 90 parts of rice field soil, 2 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 2 parts of shrimp rice field straws, 1 part of medical stone, 1 part of shell powder, 1 part of glutinous rice flour, 1 part of expanded vermiculite, 1 part of rice bran and 1 part of selenium-rich yeast powder.
4. The method for batch ecological breeding of the paddy field crayfishes without the circular groove according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the 'parent selector' is an elm wood product with the length of more than 6 years, the shape is circular, the diameter of the bottom is 1.25m, the diameter of the top is 1.2m, the height is 0.5 m, and the inner side and the outer side are coated with tung oil; after the tung oil is coated, soaking the crayfishes in paddy field water for more than 3 years for 90 days; the elm which is more than 6 years is selected for production through repeated verification, the tung oil is coated, the rice field is soaked for 90 days, the circular selector is slightly inclined inwards, the proper height is 0.5 m, the strong parent shrimps can climb out of the parent selector and fall into the rice field without being damaged, the weak parent shrimps cannot climb out of the selector, and the optimization of the parents is realized.
5. The method for batch ecological breeding of the paddy field crayfishes without the circular groove according to claim 1, characterized in that: the formula of the parent shrimp gonad development feed in the third step comprises the following components: 15% of dried limnodrilus, 10% of dried blood powder, 10% of dried shells, 10% of dried beef liver, 18% of dried fly maggot, 23% of skim milk powder, 3% of kudzu root powder, 2% of gelatin, 2% of Arabic gum, 2% of eyebright seed powder, 2% of alfalfa powder, 1% of milk vetch powder, 1% of selenium-enriched malt, 0.5% of yeast and 0.5% of others; the artificial granulated feed is prepared according to the formula.
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