CN112205257A - Simple planting method for japonica rice in rice and shrimp co-cropping field - Google Patents
Simple planting method for japonica rice in rice and shrimp co-cropping field Download PDFInfo
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- CN112205257A CN112205257A CN202011182936.2A CN202011182936A CN112205257A CN 112205257 A CN112205257 A CN 112205257A CN 202011182936 A CN202011182936 A CN 202011182936A CN 112205257 A CN112205257 A CN 112205257A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
A simple planting method of japonica rice in a rice and shrimp co-cropping field is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing a field, selecting japonica rice varieties, managing fertilizer and water, and managing plant diseases and insect pests; the invention can effectively prolong the pond cleaning time of the crayfishes in spring, namely prolong the time of the crayfishes appearing on the market, improve the yield of the crayfishes and increase the benefit; the mode of no tillage in the rice field is adopted, and a related fertilizer and water management technology is matched, so that the tillage time before rice transplanting is greatly shortened, the tillage cost is reduced, the rice is transplanted at proper time, and the lodging phenomenon is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a simple rice planting method for a rice and shrimp co-cropping field japonica rice.
Background
The comprehensive planting and breeding area of the rice field is expanded in a blowout mode in nearly three years, estimated to be nearly 3400 ten thousand mu at present, and the comprehensive planting and breeding area of the rice and the shrimps accounts for about 55 percent in the largest proportion. The development of a large-scale rice and shrimp joint cropping mode requires the matched innovation of a cultivation technology under a new production mode. However, the current rice and shrimp co-culture mode still continues to use the cultivation technical scheme under the common rice culture technical system, and the technical requirements of rice and shrimp co-culture production are difficult to meet.
The rice and shrimp co-culture mode has 2 difficulties in actual production at present: firstly, the rice and shrimp joint cropping mode is mainly based on scale farm or cooperative production, the monomer area is large, the pond cleaning time of crayfishes is long, the contradiction between the crayfish stubble cleaning and the paddy field tillage time is caused, the rice transplanting period is easy to delay, and the potential hazard is caused to the safe maturity; and secondly, the rice and shrimp co-cropping mode has the advantages that the rice flooding time is prolonged, the flooding depth is increased, and the lodging phenomenon frequently occurs in the later growth stage of rice, so that the quality and the yield of the rice are influenced.
The patent solves the problems, so that the rice is transplanted on time, the lodging resistance of rice plants is improved, and the quality and the yield of the rice are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a simple planting method of japonica rice in a rice and shrimp co-cropping field, which can effectively prolong the pond cleaning time of crayfishes in spring, namely prolong the time of the crayfishes to appear on the market, improve the yield of the crayfishes and increase the benefit; the mode of no tillage in the rice field is adopted, and a related fertilizer and water management technology is matched, so that the tillage time before rice transplanting is greatly shortened, the tillage cost is reduced, rice is ensured to be transplanted in good time, and the lodging phenomenon is avoided.
(II) the adopted technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a simple planting method of japonica rice in a rice and shrimp co-cropping field is characterized by comprising the following steps: first, preparation of field
No tillage (alternate year tillage) of the rice field, and finishing and flattening are needed if the field surface is uneven; making ridges between the high field edges and the circular ditches;
selection of japonica rice variety
(1) The requirements of quality and yield are as follows: the quality of the rice needs to reach the standard of high-quality hard rice (more than the standard of national standard three-level high-quality paddy rice) or high-quality soft rice (with better taste quality); the yield per mu is higher than 550 kg/mu;
(2) the agronomic character requirements are as follows: the variety needs to have the characteristics of strong growth potential, higher plant, strong and strong stem, strong lodging resistance and the like;
1) the growth potential is strong, and the plant is high; the selected japonica rice variety needs strong tillering force and has strong growth potential; the plant height is between 110cm and 120cm, the method is suitable for high-water-level flooding of rice and shrimp co-farming fields, but is not easy to exceed 120cm, and the possibility of lodging caused by strong wind in the later period on the high-stalk rice is avoided;
2) the root system is developed, and the stems are thick and strong; the selected japonica rice variety needs developed root system, strong ground gripping property, strong stems, flooding resistance and strong lodging resistance;
and (3) recommending varieties in Jiangsu province: the Nanjing 5718, which is bred by the institute of food crops of the agricultural science institute of Jiangsu province, is suitable for being planted in rice and shrimp fields in Huaibei areas of Jiangsu province; sihong 301, bred by Suqian agricultural academy of sciences in Jiangsu province, is suitable for planting rice and shrimp in Jiangsu province, Suzhong and Ningzhen Yanghilly area. The common key characteristics of the varieties are as follows: lodging resistance, excellent rice quality and high yield, and other areas can strictly select proper varieties according to the requirements;
fertilizer and water management
(1) The front promotion, the central control and the back supplement are moderate in growth vigor of the field; the fertilizer is applied by adopting the technologies of balanced fertilization (reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing the application of potassium fertilizer and supplementing micro fertilizer), backward movement of nitrogen fertilizer (suitable for base dressing ratio to improve the utilization rate), partial replacement of organic fertilizer (increasing the application of organic fertilizer to improve soil organic matter) and the like; the total amount of the fertilizer is N13kg, P2O 56 kg and K2O 8kg per mu; in the shelling period of the crayfish, no chemical fertilizer is used, little or no tillering fertilizer is applied, and 9kg of spike fertilizer urea is applied for 2 times; chemical fertilizers harmful to crayfish, such as ammonium bicarbonate and the like, are strictly forbidden;
(2) after transplanting, the water level is controlled to be about 3-5cm, based on no flooding of seedling cores; after green turning, the drying and the wetting are alternated, small fine lines can appear in the field when the field is dry, and the water layer reaches about 5-7cm when the field is wet; the effective tillering termination period is lowered to water level for placing the field, the field is placed slightly and is placed short, and the middle of the field piece is not sunk; when the field is placed, timely water is required to be supplied into the circular ditch and is not higher than the ridge; starting high water level management in the young ear differentiation period, properly increasing the water level to about 15-25cm, and keeping the water level until the rice is mature; thoroughly draining accumulated water in the field 7 days before harvesting the rice;
fourth, management of plant diseases and insect pests
(1) Early-stage seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds for 2 days; selecting safe, low-toxicity and high-efficiency chemical agents (10 percent of trifluorophenylpyrimidine suspending agent, namely thrips oryzae, plant hopper, 20 percent of chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, namely cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, sesamia inferen, and 24 percent of thifluzamide suspending agent, namely banded sclerotial blight), mixing, and treating the aired seeds by adopting a dry mixing method; mainly prevents and treats main pests (rice planthopper and rice leaf roller) and diseases (banded sclerotial blight) before the breaching period, and reduces the number of pesticide application times in the field for 2-3 times before the breaching period;
(2) and (3) later-stage comprehensive control: according to the generation rule of main diseases and pests of rice, namely three diseases and one insect (banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, false smut and rice leaf roller) and the healthy breeding requirement of crayfish under the rice-shrimp co-culture mode, a comprehensive control technology with biological control as the main part and physical, agricultural and chemical control as the auxiliary part is adopted; the volume of the rice and shrimp field should be 3.3hm2Installing an insect killing lamp to trap and kill adults; using biological pesticides of microbial sources and plant sources, using an attractant to trap and kill adults, planting vetiver grass or sesame and the like in the field; chemical prevention and control mainly controls rice leaf roller, rice thrips, borer and rice planthopper.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a simple planting method of japonica rice in a rice and shrimp co-cropping field, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method can increase the time of the crayfish in the pond by 7-10 days, effectively prolong the time of the crayfish to appear on the market and obviously improve the yield of the crayfish in spring.
(2) The invention adopts a no-tillage mode of the rice field, and can avoid the tillage time and cost of the land required before the cultivation of common rice.
(3) The rice field is free from tillage before transplantation, does not need to be drained, and effectively reduces the loss of nutrient substances in the shrimp pond.
(4) The invention can realize high-quality rice production in a rice and shrimp co-culture ecological planting and breeding mode. (production of high quality variety selection, weight-reducing and drug-reducing)
(5) The invention carries out strong stalk cultivation of plants, and is suitable for no-tillage cultivation and deep water cultivation in rice and shrimp fields. (balance weight loss and water content optimization management)
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
A simple planting method of japonica rice in a rice and shrimp co-cropping field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
first, preparation of field
No tillage (alternate year tillage) of the rice field, and finishing and flattening are needed if the field surface is uneven; making ridges between the high field edges and the circular ditches;
selection of japonica rice variety
(1) The requirements of quality and yield are as follows: the quality of the rice needs to reach the standard of high-quality hard rice (more than the standard of national standard three-level high-quality paddy rice) or high-quality soft rice (with better taste quality); the yield per mu is higher than 550 kg/mu;
(2) the agronomic character requirements are as follows: the variety needs to have the characteristics of strong growth potential, higher plant, strong and strong stem, strong lodging resistance and the like;
1) the growth potential is strong, and the plant is high; the selected japonica rice variety needs strong tillering force and has strong growth potential; the plant height is between 110cm and 120cm, the method is suitable for high-water-level flooding of rice and shrimp co-farming fields, but is not easy to exceed 120cm, and the possibility of lodging caused by strong wind in the later period on the high-stalk rice is avoided;
2) the root system is developed, and the stems are thick and strong; the selected japonica rice variety needs developed root system, strong ground gripping property, strong stems, flooding resistance and strong lodging resistance;
fertilizer and water management
(1) "promote before, control and supplement after", the growth of the field is moderate. The fertilizer is applied by adopting the technologies of balanced fertilization (reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing the application of potassium fertilizer and supplementing micro fertilizer), backward movement of nitrogen fertilizer (suitable for base dressing ratio to improve the utilization rate), partial replacement of organic fertilizer (increasing the application of organic fertilizer to improve soil organic matter) and the like; the total amount of the fertilizer is N13kg, P2O 56 kg and K2O 8kg per mu; in the shelling period of the crayfish, no chemical fertilizer is used, little or no tillering fertilizer is applied, and 9kg of spike fertilizer urea is applied for 2 times; chemical fertilizers harmful to crayfish, such as ammonium bicarbonate and the like, are strictly forbidden;
(2) after transplanting, the water level is controlled to be about 3-5cm, based on no flooding of seedling cores; after green turning, the drying and the wetting are alternated, small fine lines can appear in the field when the field is dry, and the water layer reaches about 5-7cm when the field is wet; the effective tillering termination period is lowered to water level for placing the field, the field is placed slightly and is placed short, and the middle of the field piece is not sunk; when the field is placed, timely water is required to be supplied into the circular ditch and is not higher than the ridge; starting high water level management in the young ear differentiation period, properly increasing the water level to about 15-25cm, and keeping the water level until the rice is mature; thoroughly draining accumulated water in the field 7 days before harvesting the rice;
fourth, management of plant diseases and insect pests
(1) Early-stage seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds for 2 days; selecting safe, low-toxicity and high-efficiency chemical agents (10 percent of trifluorophenylpyrimidine suspending agent, namely thrips oryzae, plant hopper, 20 percent of chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, namely cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, sesamia inferen, and 24 percent of thifluzamide suspending agent, namely banded sclerotial blight), mixing, and treating the aired seeds by adopting a dry mixing method; mainly prevents and treats main pests (rice planthopper and rice leaf roller) and diseases (banded sclerotial blight) before the breaching period, and reduces the number of pesticide application times in the field for 2-3 times before the breaching period;
(2) and (3) later-stage comprehensive control: according to the generation rule of main diseases and pests of rice, namely three diseases and one insect (banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, false smut and rice leaf roller) and the healthy breeding requirement of crayfish under the rice-shrimp co-culture mode, a comprehensive control technology with biological control as the main part and physical, agricultural and chemical control as the auxiliary part is adopted; the volume of the rice and shrimp field should be 3.3hm2Installing an insect killing lamp to trap and kill adults; using biological pesticides of microbial sources and plant sources, using an attractant to trap and kill adults, planting vetiver grass or sesame and the like in the field; chemical prevention and control mainly controls rice leaf roller, rice thrips, borer and rice planthopper.
The invention can effectively prolong the pond cleaning time of the crayfishes in spring, namely prolong the time of the crayfishes appearing on the market, improve the yield of the crayfishes and increase the benefit; the mode of no tillage in the rice field is adopted, and a related fertilizer and water management technology is matched, so that the tillage time before rice transplanting is greatly shortened, the tillage cost is reduced, the rice is transplanted at proper time, and the lodging phenomenon is avoided.
While the basic teachings of the present invention have been described, numerous extensions and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. As the present invention disclosed in the specification may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or general characteristics thereof, and it is noted that some of these specific forms have been set forth, the embodiments disclosed in the specification should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (1)
1. A simple planting method of japonica rice in a rice and shrimp co-cropping field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing a field:
no tillage (alternate year tillage) of the rice field, and finishing and flattening are needed if the field surface is uneven; making ridges between the high field edges and the circular ditches;
selection of japonica rice variety
(1) The requirements of quality and yield are as follows: the quality of the rice needs to reach the standard of high-quality hard rice (more than the standard of national standard three-level high-quality paddy) or high-quality soft rice (with better taste quality); the yield per mu is higher than 550 kg/mu;
(2) the agronomic character requirements are as follows: the variety needs to have the characteristics of strong growth potential, higher plant, strong and strong stem, strong lodging resistance and the like;
1) the growth potential is strong, and the plant is high; the selected japonica rice variety needs strong tillering force and has strong growth potential; the plant height is between 110cm and 120cm, the method is suitable for high-water-level flooding of rice and shrimp co-farming fields, but is not easy to exceed 120cm, and the possibility of lodging caused by strong wind in the later period on the high-stalk rice is avoided;
2) the root system is developed, and the stems are thick and strong; the selected japonica rice variety needs developed root system, strong ground gripping property, strong stems, flooding resistance and strong lodging resistance;
fertilizer and water management
(1) The front promotion, the central control and the back supplement are moderate in growth vigor of the field; the fertilizer is applied by adopting the technologies of balanced fertilization (reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing the application of potassium fertilizer and supplementing micro fertilizer), backward movement of nitrogen fertilizer (suitable for base dressing ratio to improve the utilization rate), partial replacement of organic fertilizer (increasing the application of organic fertilizer to improve soil organic matter) and the like; the total amount of the fertilizer is N13kg, P2O 56 kg and K2O 8kg per mu; in the shelling period of the crayfish, no chemical fertilizer is used, little or no tillering fertilizer is applied, and 9kg of spike fertilizer urea is applied for 2 times; chemical fertilizers harmful to crayfish, such as ammonium bicarbonate and the like, are strictly forbidden;
(2) after transplanting, the water level is controlled to be about 3-5cm, based on no flooding of seedling cores; after green turning, the drying and the wetting are alternated, small fine lines can appear in the field when the field is dry, and the water layer reaches about 5-7cm when the field is wet; the effective tillering termination period is lowered to water level for placing the field, the field is placed slightly and is placed short, and the middle of the field piece is not sunk; when the field is placed, timely water is required to be supplied into the circular ditch and is not higher than the ridge; starting high water level management in the young ear differentiation period, properly increasing the water level to about 15-25cm, and keeping the water level until the rice is mature; thoroughly draining accumulated water in the field 7 days before harvesting the rice;
fourth, management of plant diseases and insect pests
(1) Early-stage seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds for 2 days; selecting safe, low-toxicity and high-efficiency chemical agents (10 percent of trifluorophenylpyrimidine suspending agent, namely thrips oryzae, plant hopper, 20 percent of chlorantraniliprole suspending agent, namely cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, sesamia inferen, and 24 percent of thifluzamide suspending agent, namely banded sclerotial blight), mixing, and treating the aired seeds by adopting a dry mixing method; mainly prevents and treats main pests (rice planthopper and rice leaf roller) and diseases (banded sclerotial blight) before the breaching period, and reduces the number of pesticide application times in the field for 2-3 times before the breaching period;
(2) and (3) later-stage comprehensive control: according to the generation rule of main diseases and pests of rice, namely three diseases and one insect (banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, false smut and rice leaf roller) and the healthy breeding requirement of crayfish under the rice-shrimp co-culture mode, a comprehensive control technology with biological control as the main part and physical, agricultural and chemical control as the auxiliary part is adopted; the volume of the rice and shrimp field should be 3.3hm2Installing an insect killing lamp to trap and kill adults; using biological pesticides of microbial sources and plant sources, using an attractant to trap and kill adults, planting vetiver grass or sesame and the like in the field; chemical prevention and control mainly controls rice leaf roller, rice thrips, borer and rice planthopper.
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Application publication date: 20210112 |