CN115304426A - Biofertilizer for rice and shrimp co-culture and rice and shrimp co-culture method using biofertilizer - Google Patents
Biofertilizer for rice and shrimp co-culture and rice and shrimp co-culture method using biofertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115304426A CN115304426A CN202210940157.7A CN202210940157A CN115304426A CN 115304426 A CN115304426 A CN 115304426A CN 202210940157 A CN202210940157 A CN 202210940157A CN 115304426 A CN115304426 A CN 115304426A
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- shrimp
- rice
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- soil
- fertilizer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a rice and shrimp co-cropping biological fertilizer and a rice and shrimp co-cropping method using the fertilizer, wherein soil is flooded into a breeding ditch, then water is drained and the field is sunned, the biological fertilizer is put into the breeding ditch, and the biological fertilizer is uniformly buried into the soil through manual or mechanical soil turning; irrigating water into the culture ditch again and planting submerged plants, and introducing lobster populations to carry out rice and shrimp co-culture; repeating the steps before harvesting the adult shrimps in each season and supplementing and putting the shrimp seedlings; the biological fertilizer is buried in the soil of the culture ditch, the submerged plants are planted on the surface of the soil, the characteristics of two layers of coatings of the fertilizer are utilized, the biological fertilizer can be gradually released into the water body, nutrient substances can be released through the decomposition of the coatings, the nutrition enriched in the water is decomposed through the microbial inoculum in the coatings, the oxygen content of the water body is increased, and the rice field and the shrimp groups are prevented from being damaged by diseases and insects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice and shrimp co-culture, in particular to a rice and shrimp co-culture biological fertilizer and a rice and shrimp co-culture method using the same.
Background
The variety of the rice field planting is various, including rice and poultry co-culture, rice and fish co-culture or rice and shrimp co-culture and the like, wherein the crayfish becomes one of the main modes of the rice field planting due to the advantages of high value of unit yield per mu, small breeding difficulty and the like. Patent document CN108718965a discloses an ecological breeding method for rice and shrimp in rice and shrimp farming, wherein an inner ridge and an outer ridge are arranged in a paddy field, rice is planted in the inner ridge, and lobsters are bred in outer ridge breeding ditches, which has already started to be popularized and applied comprehensively.
At present, some examples of shrimp culture in rice fields exist in production, but the contradiction between shrimp and rice is often caused, the comprehensive benefit is not high, for example, the shrimp and rice continuous cropping is often low in shrimp seed yield, or heavy shrimp and light rice are cultured, and finally, the shrimp and rice are not cultured, so that the significance of ecological culture is lost; or no grass is planted in the culture ditch, and the shrimp groups are fed only by putting a large amount of feed, so that the water body is easy to deteriorate and the shrimp diseases are serious, but the grass planted in the culture ditch can rush to fertilize with rice, so that the nutrition enrichment of the water body is caused, plant diseases can be brought, and the rice production is damaged; or in order to pursue the yield of the lobsters without drying the field, the secondary soil submerging, the soil structure damage and the rice lodging are caused, and the rice production is seriously influenced.
Therefore, to realize mutual beneficial symbiosis of rice and shrimps, the lobster population needs to be managed in a standard way, time connection is made according to growth seasons of the crayfishes and the rice so as to relieve the contradiction of planting and breeding and expand the mutual beneficial relation, and meanwhile, a slow release means is needed to control the growth of aquatic plants and the water nutrition condition in the breeding ditches so as to avoid causing nutrition enrichment in the water and ensure the sufficient feed requirement of the lobster population.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a rice and shrimp co-farming biofertilizer and a rice and shrimp co-farming method using the fertilizer, which are used for solving the problems that the growth of aquatic plants and the water body nutrition condition in a breeding ditch need to be controlled by a slow release means so as to avoid the nutrition enrichment in a water body and ensure the sufficient feed demand of shrimp groups.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a rice and shrimp co-cropping biological fertilizer which comprises a coating and a microbial product, wherein the microbial product is embedded in the coating, and the coating can be decomposed in water and can provide a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the microbial product comprises bacillus subtilis and EM.
More preferably, the composite bacteria obtained by mixed fermentation culture of bacillus subtilis and EM bacteria is used as a core material, sodium alginate and wheat gluten hydrolyzed peptide are used as wall materials, the wall materials are dispersed in vegetable oil containing Tween 80 to be used as an oil phase, calcium chloride is added to be used as a curing agent, the emulsification method is adopted for reaction, the supernatant is discarded after centrifugation to obtain colloidal microcapsules, and the microbial product is obtained after vacuum freeze drying.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the coating comprises 30 to 40 percent of ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer, 27 to 40 percent of phosphate fertilizer, 15 to 25 percent of magnesium fertilizer, 3 to 5 percent of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2 to 4 percent of calcined kaolin and 2 to 4 percent of vermiculite powder by mass ratio.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a rice and shrimp co-farming method, which comprises the steps of excavating an annular ditch around a rice field to serve as a breeding ditch for lobsters, and the method also comprises the following steps of firstly, irrigating water into the breeding ditch to submerge soil, then draining water to dry the field, putting bio-fertilizer into the breeding ditch, and uniformly burying the bio-fertilizer into the soil through manual or mechanical soil turning; secondly, irrigating water into the culture ditch again and planting submerged plants, introducing lobster populations to perform rice and shrimp joint cropping, and releasing effective ingredients into a water body after the fertilizer coatings are slowly dissolved by water; and step three, repeating the step one before the adult shrimps are harvested in each season and the shrimp fries are added.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the submerged plant is one or any combination of several of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, hornwort, polygrass and eel grass.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, in the step one, the submerged plants are cultivated in a large-scale lobster breeding pond for at least one week, then the submerged plants are transplanted to breeding ditches, and the lobster population in the large-scale lobster breeding pond is good in health and free of diseases.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, in the third step, after the shrimps are harvested, a plurality of partition ridges are established at intervals in the culture ditch to divide the culture ditch into a plurality of areas, a plurality of reserved areas are arranged, lobsters in the remaining areas are driven into the adjacent reserved areas, then drainage is carried out on the non-reserved areas for sunning the fields, biological fertilizers are supplemented into the soil, then the water is poured into the non-reserved areas, the original reserved areas and the non-reserved areas are exchanged and repeatedly drained for sunning the fields, the biological fertilizers are supplemented into the soil and then the water is poured into the soil, and finally the shrimp seedlings are put into the culture ditch after the partition ridges are removed.
Still further preferably, a plurality of reserved areas are arranged at intervals along the culture trench, and the number of the reserved areas is not less than half of the total number of the areas.
Compared with the prior art, the rice and shrimp co-cropping biological fertilizer and the rice and shrimp co-cropping method using the fertilizer have the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a slow release fertilizer and a use method thereof in rice and shrimp joint cropping, wherein a biological fertilizer is buried in the soil of a breeding ditch, submerged plants are planted on the surface of the soil, the biological fertilizer can be gradually released into water body by the characteristic that the fertilizer has two layers of coatings, nutrient substances can be released by the decomposition of the coatings, the nutrition enriched in water can be decomposed by microbial inoculum in the coatings, the oxygen content of the water body can be increased, the yield of a rice field can be greatly improved, and the rice field and shrimp groups are prevented from being damaged by diseases and insects.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention relates to a rice and shrimp co-culture biofertilizer which comprises a coating and a microbial product.
Wherein the microbial product is embedded in the coating, and the microbial product comprises bacillus subtilis and EM. The bacillus subtilis and the EM are microbial strains commonly used in the fields of shrimp and poultry cultivation, water quality improvement and the like, are suitable for being stored in a water body environment, can release a large amount of substances beneficial to rice growth and lobster growth into a water body, can decompose pollutants in the water body, improve water quality and increase oxygen content so as to avoid pathological changes of the rice and the lobsters.
The coating can be coated outside the microbial product by granulation, and can be decomposed in water and provide nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and also comprises trace elements such as magnesium element or silicon element and the like required by animal and plant growth; according to the invention, a coating decomposition mode is adopted to release nutrient substances such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the like, so that the problem of nutrient enrichment in water body caused by directly putting feed or waste materials into water body in a conventional mode can be avoided, and the coating decomposition mode has a slow release effect.
Example two:
in the first example, in order to prepare a microbial product, specifically, a composite bacterium obtained by mixed fermentation culture of bacillus subtilis and EM was used as a core material, sodium alginate and wheat gluten peptide hydrolysate were used as wall materials, the wall materials were dispersed in a vegetable oil containing tween 80 as an oil phase, calcium chloride was added as a curing agent, the reaction was performed by an emulsification method, the supernatant was discarded after centrifugation to obtain a colloidal microcapsule, and the microbial product was obtained after vacuum freeze-drying.
The bacillus subtilis and the EM bacteria form a capsule through coating, so that after being ingested by lobsters, beneficial bacteria can tolerate the acidic environment in the stomach tract of the lobsters, the stability of a microbial product is improved, and the activity of the bacteria is effectively preserved; meanwhile, the strains can be quickly released in intestinal tracts, so that the beneficial strains can exert the maximum efficacy; finally, the strains are discharged into water and soil along with the excrement of the lobsters, and toxic substances in the excrement can be eliminated, so that the water environment is improved.
Example three:
on the basis of the first embodiment, the coating comprises 30 to 40 percent of ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer, 27 to 40 percent of phosphate fertilizer, 15 to 25 percent of magnesium fertilizer, 3 to 5 percent of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2 to 4 percent of calcined kaolin and 2 to 4 percent of vermiculite powder by mass ratio, which not only ensures that the coating can provide sufficient nutrition after being decomposed, but also ensures that the coating containing the phosphate rock powder, the hydroxyethyl cellulose and the calcined kaolin can not be quickly decomposed in water, but can be slowly decomposed and gradually release nutrient materials.
Example four:
the invention also provides a rice and shrimp co-farming method, which needs to excavate annular ditches around the rice field as breeding ditches of the lobsters in the public technology of the field, also needs to carry out standard management on the rice field and the breeding ditches, and makes time connection between the crayfish and the rice growing season.
Meanwhile, the method for using the biological fertilizer in any one of the first to third embodiments further comprises the following steps,
step one, irrigating water into the culture ditch to submerge soil, then draining water and drying the field, putting bio-fertilizer into the culture ditch, and uniformly burying the bio-fertilizer into the soil through manual or mechanical soil turning.
And step two, irrigating water into the culture ditch again and planting submerged plants, introducing lobster populations to perform rice and shrimp joint cropping, and releasing effective ingredients into a water body after the coating of the fertilizer is slowly dissolved by water. Wherein the submerged plant is one or more of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, hornworts, goldfish algae, poly grass and eel grass.
And step three, repeating the step one before the mature shrimps are harvested in each season and the shrimp seedlings are added.
Example five:
in the first step of the fourth embodiment, before the submerged plants are transplanted to the culture ditches, the submerged plants need to be cultured in a large-scale lobster culture pond for at least one week, the lobster population in the large-scale lobster culture pond is healthy and disease-free, so that dominant strain populations beneficial to healthy growth of lobsters exist in the submerged plants and the carried soil of the submerged plants, microorganisms in the water are prevented from being unfavorable for growth of lobsters, and the microbial strains released by biological fertilizers are prevented from being rejected by harmful strains and cannot exert efficacy.
Example six:
in the third step of the fourth embodiment, because the soil in the culture ditch needs to be sunned again, in order to reduce the adverse effect on the lobster population as much as possible, after the grown lobsters are harvested, a plurality of partition ridges are established at intervals in the culture ditch to divide the culture ditch into a plurality of areas.
Particularly, set up a plurality of remain regions along breeding the ditch interval, and the quantity of remain region is no less than half of total regional quantity, and each remain the region respectively with the adjacent non-remain region of similar area size adjacent, then with remaining regional lobster catch up into adjacent remain the region in, then carry out the drainage to the non-remain region and shine the field and supply biological fertilizer and the water of reinjection into in to soil.
After the soil in the original non-reserved area is sunned, exchanging the functions of the original reserved area and the non-reserved area, repeatedly carrying out operations of draining and sunning the fields, supplementing biological fertilizers into the soil, pouring water into the water body again and the like, and thus completing the sunning of the whole culture ditch and the supplementation of the biological fertilizers in the whole culture ditch; and finally, removing the partition ridge and putting the lobster seedlings into the culture ditch to culture the lobsters in the next season.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A rice and shrimp co-culture biological fertilizer is characterized in that: comprising a coating and a microbial preparation embedded in the coating, said coating being capable of decomposing in water and providing nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers.
2. The rice and shrimp co-farming biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial product comprises bacillus subtilis and EM.
3. The rice and shrimp co-farming biofertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the steps of taking composite bacteria obtained by performing mixed fermentation culture on bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms) as core materials, taking sodium alginate and wheat gluten hydrolyzed peptide as wall materials, dispersing in vegetable oil containing Tween 80 as an oil phase, adding calcium chloride as a curing agent, performing reaction by adopting an emulsification method, centrifuging, removing supernatant to obtain colloidal microcapsules, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the microbial product.
4. The rice and shrimp co-farming biofertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the coating comprises 30-40% of ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer, 27-40% of phosphate fertilizer, 15-25% of magnesium fertilizer, 3-5% of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2-4% of calcined kaolin and 2-4% of vermiculite powder by mass ratio.
5. A rice and shrimp co-farming method comprises the following steps of excavating an annular ditch around a rice field to serve as a lobster breeding ditch, and is characterized in that: the method also comprises the following steps of,
step one, irrigating water into a culture ditch to submerge soil, then draining water and drying the field, putting biofertilizer into the culture ditch, and uniformly burying the biofertilizer of claim 4 into the soil through manual or mechanical soil turning;
secondly, irrigating water into the culture ditch again and planting submerged plants, introducing lobster populations to perform rice and shrimp joint cropping, and releasing effective ingredients into a water body after the fertilizer coatings are slowly dissolved by water;
and step three, repeating the step one before the mature shrimps are harvested in each season and the shrimp seedlings are added.
6. The rice and shrimp co-farming method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the submerged plant is one or more of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, hornwort, polygrass and eel grass.
7. The rice and shrimp co-farming method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the first step, the submerged plants are cultivated in a large-scale lobster cultivation pond for at least one week, then the submerged plants are transplanted to cultivation ditches, and the lobster population in the large-scale lobster cultivation pond is good in health and free of diseases.
8. The rice and shrimp co-farming method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the third step, after the shrimps are harvested, a plurality of partition ridges are established at intervals in the culture ditch to divide the culture ditch into a plurality of areas, a plurality of reserved areas are arranged, the lobsters in the remaining areas are driven into the adjacent reserved areas, then the non-reserved areas are drained and sunned, bio-fertilizer is supplemented into soil and water is poured into the soil again, then the original reserved areas and the non-reserved areas are exchanged and repeatedly drained and sunned, bio-fertilizer is supplemented into the soil and the water is poured into the soil again, and finally the shrimp seedlings are put into the culture ditch after the partition ridges are removed.
9. The rice and shrimp co-farming method according to claim 8, characterized in that: and a plurality of reserved areas are arranged at intervals along the culture ditch, and the number of the reserved areas is not less than half of the total number of the areas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210940157.7A CN115304426A (en) | 2022-08-05 | 2022-08-05 | Biofertilizer for rice and shrimp co-culture and rice and shrimp co-culture method using biofertilizer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210940157.7A CN115304426A (en) | 2022-08-05 | 2022-08-05 | Biofertilizer for rice and shrimp co-culture and rice and shrimp co-culture method using biofertilizer |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106386302A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 陈冬林 | Rice and chicken lobster continuous mixing planting and breeding method capable of stabilizing grain income and increasing fishery income |
| CN108718965A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-02 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of rice shrimp zoology breeding method that rice shrimp makees altogether |
| CN109247211A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-22 | 安徽涂远农业有限公司 | A kind of composite slow-release fertilizer supported altogether for rice shrimp and rice shrimp support method altogether |
| CN109527268A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 连云港九洲科技饲料有限公司 | A kind of production method of slow-release probiotics shrimp feed |
| CN110583547A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-20 | 华中农业大学 | Water management method for rice and shrimp joint cropping |
| CN111789005A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-20 | 湖南助农农业科技发展有限公司 | Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, rice and shrimp |
-
2022
- 2022-08-05 CN CN202210940157.7A patent/CN115304426A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106386302A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 陈冬林 | Rice and chicken lobster continuous mixing planting and breeding method capable of stabilizing grain income and increasing fishery income |
| CN108718965A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-02 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of rice shrimp zoology breeding method that rice shrimp makees altogether |
| CN109247211A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-22 | 安徽涂远农业有限公司 | A kind of composite slow-release fertilizer supported altogether for rice shrimp and rice shrimp support method altogether |
| CN109527268A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-29 | 连云港九洲科技饲料有限公司 | A kind of production method of slow-release probiotics shrimp feed |
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