CN112021109A - Rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating - Google Patents
Rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological planting and breeding of rice fields and discloses a rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating, wherein a rice field with sufficient water source, low terrain, good water retention and no pollution on the periphery is selected, annular shrimp-breeding ditches are excavated along the periphery of the rice field according to the classification of a seedling-breeding rice field and a breeding rice field, and a ridge is reinforced, heightened and widened and then is provided with an escape-proof net; feeding breeding shrimps in the seedling raising rice field in autumn and winter to culture shrimp seedlings, planting crops in the breeding rice field, and after the shrimp seedlings are provided for the breeding rice field in the seedling raising rice field in the next 3 months, carrying out crayfish breeding, adult shrimp fishing and rice planting together; after the rice is harvested, the seedling raising rice field is irrigated with deep water for raising seedlings, and the cultivation rice field is planted with crops in autumn and winter, and the steps are cyclically performed. The invention can control the stocking specification and density of the young crayfish, and the crayfish grows faster, improves the quality and has stable benefit; the cultivation of the green manure crops in the rice field in autumn and winter not only provides a high-quality plant food source for crayfishes, but also avoids soil secondary sub-cultivation caused by flooding in the rice field in autumn and winter, and improves the soil quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding and breeding of rice fields, and particularly relates to a rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and breeding separated crayfishes.
Background
At present, rice and shrimp co-farming is a novel rice field planting and breeding composite ecological mode in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China, rice planting and aquaculture are organically combined by the mode, farmland resources are fully utilized, and 'one water and two purposes and one field and two harvests' are realized. At present, the rice and shrimp joint cropping modes are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river such as Hubei province, Hunan province, Anhui province, Jiangsu province and Jiangxi province. The traditional rice and shrimp co-farming mode adopts continuous autumn and winter flooded culture, shrimp seedlings and adult shrimps coexist, so that the density of the crayfish in the rice field is too high, the crayfish is slow in growth speed, small in size, poor in color and more in diseases, the survival rate and the yield of the crayfish are affected, and the economic benefit of farmers cannot be guaranteed. In addition, because the rice field is in a flooded state for a long time in the traditional rice and shrimp co-farming mode, the soil in the rice field is in a reduction condition for a long time, so that the secondary submerged breeding of the soil is aggravated, and the soil quality is continuously deteriorated.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the traditional rice and shrimp co-farming mode adopts continuous autumn and winter flooded culture, shrimp seedlings and adult shrimps coexist, so that the density of the crayfish in the rice field is too high, the crayfish is slow in growth speed, small in size, poor in color and more in diseases, the survival rate and the yield of the crayfish are affected, and the economic benefit of farmers cannot be guaranteed.
(2) Because the rice field is in a flooded state for a long time under the traditional rice and shrimp co-farming mode, the soil in the rice field is in a reduction condition for a long time, so that the secondary submerged breeding of the soil is increased, and the soil quality is continuously deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating.
The invention is realized in such a way that a rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating rice and shrimp comprises the following steps:
rice field transformation: selecting a paddy field with sufficient water source, low terrain, good water retention and no pollution around the paddy field, classifying the paddy field according to the seedling culture paddy field and the breeding paddy field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches with different specifications around the paddy field, reinforcing, heightening and widening excavated soil, and arranging a escape prevention net on the ridges;
after the rice field is transformed, after the middle-season rice is harvested, the breeding shrimps are thrown in the seedling raising rice field after the water is poured to breed the crayfish seedlings, and the crop planting in autumn and winter is carried out on the dry winter of the breeding rice field;
in the next year, when the biomass of autumn and winter crops in the cultivated rice field reaches the specified fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, and then throwing the shrimp seedlings in the seedling rice field into the cultivated rice field according to the proportion; feeding artificial compound feed to crayfish in a seedling raising rice field and a breeding rice field according to different growth stages of the crayfish;
fishing the grown shrimps, harvesting the first-season grown shrimps until the bottom of 5-6 months in the next year, transferring the young shrimps which do not reach the specification to a shrimp ditch along with water, entering the rice field again for living after field preparation, fertilization, seedling transplanting, field drying and tiller control and rehydration, fishing the grown shrimps which reach the specification before harvest of the middle-season rice and marketing, and harvesting the second-season grown shrimps;
planting rice, namely after the first-season adult shrimps are harvested, carrying out drainage, land preparation and fertilization on a breeding rice field and a seedling raising rice field, and then planting first-season middle rice, wherein the middle rice variety is conventional high-quality rice; and the rice planting management is carried out by adopting the modes of balanced fertilization, scientific water management, green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like;
after the rice is harvested, irrigating in a seedling raising rice field to carry out crayfish seedling raising; and (4) fishing the juvenile shrimps in the annular shrimp culturing ditches in the culturing rice field, putting the juvenile shrimps into the culturing rice field, draining water, planting crops in the culturing rice field in autumn and winter, and cyclically alternating in the way.
Further, the seedling raising rice field: the width of a groove opening of the annular groove is 4.5-5.0 m, the width of a groove bottom is 1.5-2.0 m, the depth is 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5; and (3) breeding the rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 2.0-2.5 m, the width of the bottom of the groove is 0.5-1.0 m, the depth of the groove is 1.0m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.75.
Furthermore, the dug soil is reinforced, heightened and widened to enable the height of the ridge to be 1.0-1.5 m higher than that of the rice field.
Further, the specific process of putting the breeding shrimps in the seedling raising rice field is as follows: and (3) irrigating water after harvesting the middle-season rice at the bottom of 9 months to 10 months, wherein the irrigation depth is 35-45 cm, crayfish seed shrimps are purchased, 40-45 kg of the crayfish seed shrimps are thrown in each mu of rice field, the male-female ratio is 2:1, and the shrimp seedling breeding amount in the next seedling raising rice field is ensured to reach 2.5-3.5 ten thousand tails/mu.
Further, the specific process of carrying out autumn and winter crop planting in the cultivation rice field is as follows: after the harvest of the middle-season rice, planting milk vetch or rape or wheat in the breeding rice field; sowing astragalus sinicus and rape in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 1-2 kg/mu; sowing wheat in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu; the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the enclosing ditch are opened in the field.
Further, the specific process for breeding the crayfish in the breeding rice field comprises the following steps: until the middle ten days of the next 3 months, when the biomass of autumn and winter crops in the cultivated rice field reaches 500-1500 kg/mu fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, wherein the irrigation depth is 30-40 cm, 80% of shrimp seedlings in the seedling cultivation rice field per unit area are averagely thrown into the cultivated rice field 4 times of the unit area according to the proportion of 1:4, the thrown shrimp seedlings are 5g, and the throwing amount is 0.5-0.7 ten thousand tails/mu; the irrigation depth is 40-50 cm from 4-5 months.
Further, feeding the crayfishes in the breeding rice field and the breeding rice field with artificial compound feed by adopting a qualitative, quantitative, timed and multipoint feeding method according to different growth stages of the crayfishes, wherein the daily feeding amount is 4-7% of the weight of the crayfishes, the crayfishes are fed for 1 time in the morning and at night every day, the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the evening feeding amount accounts for 60% of the daily feeding amount.
And further fishing the grown shrimps, and harvesting the first-season grown shrimps by the bottom of 5 months to the beginning of 6 months in the next year.
Further, the medium rice variety is selected from conventional high-quality rice, the variety is Exiang No. 2 or shrimp rice No. 1 or Efeng silk seedling or Huarun No. 2 purchased in the market, the planting density of the rice is 1.3-1.5 ten thousand holes/mu or the direct seeding rate of the rice is 3.5-4.0 kg/mu.
Further, after the rice is harvested, 35-45 cm of water is irrigated into a seedling raising rice field to raise the crayfish seedlings.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the method, the rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating is adopted, shrimp seedlings are provided for the breeding rice field in the early breeding rice field, and parent shrimps are supplemented for the breeding rice field in the later breeding rice field, so that breeding and separating are achieved, the shrimp seedling stocking specification and density are controllable, and the breeding period and marketing specification can be predicted. After the density of the crayfishes in the breeding area is reduced, the crayfishes grow faster, the specifications are improved, the quality is improved, the price is higher, and the benefit is more stable. The cultivation area is dried in autumn and winter, crops such as milk vetch, wheat and rape are planted, a high-quality plant food source is provided for crayfish cultivation in the next year, the feed input amount is reduced, and the residual straws of the crops can be used as green manure to fertilize soil. In addition, the crops planted in the cultivated rice field in autumn and winter can avoid the secondary submerged cultivation of the rice field soil caused by long-term flooding, thereby achieving the purpose of sustainable improvement of the rice field soil quality. Therefore, the rice and shrimp co-culture method with the breeding and separation function can form a new rice and shrimp co-culture mode with the functions of separation, production connection, mode optimization, circulating culture and continuous development, thereby achieving the purpose of coordinating and unifying economic benefits, social benefits, environmental benefits and ecological benefits.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention has the advantages that the breeding and the breeding are separated, the stocking specification and the density of the shrimp fries are controllable, and the breeding period and the marketing specification can be predicted; after the density of the crayfish is reduced in the breeding area, the crayfish grows faster, the specification is improved, the quality is improved, the price is higher, and the benefit is more stable.
(2) The breeding rice field provided by the invention is used for planting crops such as milk vetch, wheat and rape in autumn and winter, so that a high-quality plant food source is provided for breeding crayfishes in the next year, the input amount of feed is reduced, and the residual straws of the crops can be used as green manure to fertilize soil.
(3) The cultivation of the crops in the paddy field in autumn and winter avoids the occurrence of secondary submerged cultivation of the soil in the paddy field caused by long-term flooding, thereby achieving the purpose of sustainable improvement of the soil quality of the paddy field and simultaneously reducing the management cost generated by long-term deep water irrigation in winter.
(4) The breeding rice field reduces the opening width and the bottom width of the annular ditch, reduces the proportion of the annular ditch in the area of the rice field, and increases the planting area of rice.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an implementation of the method for breeding and separating rice and shrimp together according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rice and shrimp co-culture method for breeding and separating rice and shrimp, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for breeding and separating rice and shrimp includes:
s101: rice field transformation: selecting a paddy field with sufficient water source, low terrain, good water retention and no pollution around the paddy field, classifying the paddy field according to the seedling culture paddy field and the breeding paddy field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches with different specifications around the paddy field, reinforcing, heightening and widening excavated soil, and arranging a escape prevention net on the ridges;
s102: after the rice field is transformed, after the middle-season rice is harvested, the breeding shrimps are thrown in the seedling raising rice field after the water is poured to breed the crayfish seedlings, and the crop planting in autumn and winter is carried out on the dry winter of the breeding rice field;
s103: in the next year, when the biomass of autumn and winter crops in the cultivated rice field reaches the specified fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, and then throwing the shrimp seedlings in the seedling rice field into the cultivated rice field according to the proportion; feeding artificial compound feed to crayfish in a seedling raising rice field and a breeding rice field according to different growth stages of the crayfish;
s104: fishing the grown shrimps, harvesting the first-season grown shrimps until the bottom of 5-6 months in the next year, transferring the young shrimps which do not reach the specification to a shrimp ditch along with water, entering the rice field again for living after field preparation, fertilization, seedling transplanting, field drying and tiller control and rehydration, fishing the grown shrimps which reach the specification before harvest of the middle-season rice and marketing, and harvesting the second-season grown shrimps;
s105: planting rice, namely after the first-season adult shrimps are harvested, carrying out drainage, land preparation and fertilization on a breeding rice field and a seedling raising rice field, and then planting first-season middle rice, wherein the middle rice variety is conventional high-quality rice; and the rice planting management is carried out by adopting the modes of balanced fertilization, scientific water management, green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like;
s106: after the rice is harvested, irrigating in a seedling raising rice field to carry out crayfish seedling raising; and (4) fishing the juvenile shrimps in the annular shrimp culturing ditches in the culturing rice field, putting the juvenile shrimps into the culturing rice field, draining water, planting crops in the culturing rice field in autumn and winter, and cyclically alternating in the way.
In this example S101, rice seedling raising field: the width of a groove opening of the annular groove is 4.5-5.0 m, the width of a groove bottom is 1.5-2.0 m, the depth is 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5; and (3) breeding the rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 2.0-2.5 m, the width of the bottom of the groove is 0.5-1.0 m, the depth of the groove is 1.0m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.75.
In this embodiment S102, the specific process of releasing the breeding shrimps in the breeding rice field is as follows: and (3) irrigating water after harvesting the middle-season rice at the bottom of 9 months to 10 months, wherein the irrigation depth is 35-45 cm, crayfish seed shrimps are purchased, 40-45 kg of the crayfish seed shrimps are thrown in each mu of rice field, the male-female ratio is 2:1, and the shrimp seedling breeding amount in the next seedling raising rice field is ensured to reach 2.5-3.5 ten thousand tails/mu.
In this embodiment S102, the specific process of planting crops in the paddy field in autumn and winter is as follows: after the harvest of the middle-season rice, planting milk vetch or rape or wheat in the breeding rice field; sowing astragalus sinicus and rape in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 1-2 kg/mu; sowing wheat in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu; the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the surrounding ditch are opened in the field, and drainage and water drop in the field are guaranteed.
In this embodiment S103, the specific process of crayfish breeding is as follows:
until the middle ten days of 3 months in the next year, when the biomass of autumn and winter crops in the cultivated rice field reaches 500-1500 kg/mu fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, wherein the irrigation depth is 30-40 cm, and the irrigation depth is 40-50 cm in 4-5 months;
after the water is filled in the rice field, according to the proportion of 1:4, 80 percent of shrimp seedlings in the seedling rice field with the unit area are averagely thrown into the rice field with the unit area 4 times of that of the seedling rice field, the specification of the thrown shrimp seedlings is about 5g, and the throwing amount is 0.5-0.7 ten thousand tails per mu;
according to different growth stages of the crayfish, artificial compound feed is fed to the crayfish in the breeding rice field and the cultivation rice field by adopting a qualitative, quantitative, timed and multipoint feeding method, the daily feeding amount is 4-7% of the weight of the crayfish, the crayfish is fed for 1 time in the morning and at the evening, the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the evening feeding amount accounts for 60% of the daily feeding amount.
In this example S105, the medium rice variety is selected from conventional high-quality rice, the variety is huxiang No. 2 or shrimp rice No. 1 or huofeng silk seedling or huarun No. 2, the rice planting density is 1.3-1.5 ten thousand holes/mu or the direct seeding rate of rice is 3.5-4.0 kg/mu.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
(1) Transformation of rice field
The method comprises the steps of selecting a paddy field with sufficient water source, low terrain and good water retention and no pollution around the paddy field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches around the paddy field, reinforcing, heightening and widening excavated soil to enable the ridge to be 1.0-1.5 m higher than the paddy field, and arranging a defense escape net on the ridge. The requirement of the annular shrimp culture ditch is as follows:
seedling culture rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 4.5m, the width of the bottom of the groove is 1.5m, the depth of the groove is 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5;
and (3) breeding the rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 2.5m, the width of the bottom of the annular groove is 1.0m, the depth of the annular groove is 1.0m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.75.
(2) Feeding of shrimp seeds in seedling raising rice field
After the seedling raising rice field is transformed, irrigating water with the depth of 40cm after the harvest of the middle rice from the bottom of 9 months to 10 months, selectively purchasing crayfish seed shrimps, putting 40kg of the seed shrimps in each mu of the rice field, and ensuring that the breeding amount of the shrimp seedlings in the seedling raising rice field reaches about 2.5 ten thousand per mu in the next year in a female-male ratio of 2: 1.
(3) Cultivation of autumn and winter crops in rice field
After harvesting the middle-aged rice, sowing milk vetch in the breeding rice field, and adopting a broadcast sowing mode, wherein the sowing quantity is 1.5 kg/mu; the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the surrounding ditch are opened in the field, and drainage and water drop in the field are guaranteed.
(4) Crayfish breeding
Until the middle ten days of 3 months in the next year, when the biomass of crops in autumn and winter of the cultivated rice field reaches 1000 kg/mu fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, wherein the irrigation depth is 35cm, and the irrigation depth is 45cm after 4-5 months; after the water is filled in the rice field, according to the proportion of 1:4, 80 percent of shrimp seedlings in the seedling rice field with the unit area are averagely thrown into the rice field with the unit area of 4 times, the specification of the thrown shrimp seedlings is about 5g, and the throwing amount is about 0.5 ten thousand tails/mu; according to different growth stages of the crayfish, artificial compound feed is fed to the crayfish in the breeding rice field and the cultivation rice field by adopting a method of qualitative, quantitative, timed and multipoint feeding, the daily feeding amount is 4% -7% of the weight of the crayfish, the crayfish is fed for 1 time in the morning and at night, the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the evening feeding amount accounts for 60% of the daily feeding amount.
(5) Catching adult shrimps
Harvesting first-season adult shrimps until the bottom of 5-6 months in the next year, fishing the adult shrimps which reach the specification to go to the market, transferring the young shrimps which do not reach the specification to a shrimp ditch along with water, entering the paddy field again for living after field preparation, fertilization, seedling transplanting, field drying and tiller control and rehydration, fishing the adult shrimps which reach the specification to go to the market before harvest of the mid-season rice, and harvesting second-season adult shrimps.
(6) Rice planting
After the first-season adult shrimps are harvested, draining, preparing land and fertilizing the breeding rice field and the seedling rice field, planting the first-season mid-season rice, selecting conventional high-quality rice as the mid-season rice, planting the mid-season rice with the rice planting density of 1.4 ten thousand holes/mu, and carrying out rice planting management in the modes of balanced fertilization, scientific water management, green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and the like.
(7) After harvesting the rice, irrigating 40cm in a seedling raising rice field to carry out crayfish seedling raising; after the young shrimps in the culture ditch are fished and thrown into the seedling culture paddy field, water in the culture ditch is drained, and then crop planting in autumn and winter is carried out, and the steps are cyclically carried out.
Example 2
(1) Transformation of rice field
The method comprises the steps of selecting a paddy field with sufficient water source, low terrain and good water retention and no pollution around the paddy field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches around the paddy field, reinforcing, heightening and widening excavated soil to enable the ridge to be 1.0-1.5 m higher than the paddy field, and arranging a defense escape net on the ridge. The requirement of the annular shrimp culture ditch is as follows:
seedling culture rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 5.0m, the width of the bottom of the annular groove is 2.0m, the depth of the annular groove is 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5;
and (3) breeding the rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 2.3m, the width of the bottom of the annular groove is 0.8m, the depth of the annular groove is 1.0m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.75.
(2) Feeding of shrimp seeds in seedling raising rice field
After the seedling raising rice field is transformed, irrigating water with the depth of 45cm after the harvest of the middle rice from the bottom of 9 months to 10 months, selectively purchasing crayfish seed shrimps, putting 42kg of the seed shrimps in each mu of the rice field, and ensuring that the breeding amount of the shrimp seedlings in the seedling raising rice field reaches about 3.0 ten thousand tails/mu in the next year in a female-male ratio of 2: 1.
(3) Cultivation of autumn and winter crops in rice field
After the middle-season rice is harvested, rape is sown in the cultivated rice field in a broadcast sowing mode, and the sowing amount is 2 kg/mu; the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the surrounding ditch are opened in the field, and drainage and water drop in the field are guaranteed.
(4) Crayfish breeding
Until the middle ten days of the next 3 months, when the biomass of autumn and winter crops in the cultivated rice field reaches 1200 kg/mu fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, wherein the irrigation depth is 35cm, and the irrigation depth is 50cm after 4-5 months; after the water is filled in the rice field, according to the proportion of 1:4, 80 percent of shrimp seedlings in the seedling rice field with the unit area are averagely thrown into the rice field with the unit area 4 times of that of the seedling rice field, the specification of the thrown shrimp seedlings is about 5g, and the throwing amount is about 0.6 ten thousand tails/mu; according to different growth stages of the crayfish, artificial compound feed is fed to the crayfish in the breeding rice field and the cultivation rice field by adopting a method of qualitative, quantitative, timed and multipoint feeding, the daily feeding amount is 4% -7% of the weight of the crayfish, the crayfish is fed for 1 time in the morning and at night, the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the evening feeding amount accounts for 60% of the daily feeding amount.
(5) Catching adult shrimps
Harvesting first-season adult shrimps until the bottom of 5-6 months in the next year, fishing the adult shrimps which reach the specification to go to the market, transferring the young shrimps which do not reach the specification to a shrimp ditch along with water, entering the paddy field again for living after field preparation, fertilization, seedling transplanting, field drying and tiller control and rehydration, fishing the adult shrimps which reach the specification to go to the market before harvest of the mid-season rice, and harvesting second-season adult shrimps.
(6) Rice planting
After the first-season adult shrimps are harvested, draining, preparing land and fertilizing the breeding rice field and the seedling rice field, planting the first-season middle rice, selecting conventional high-quality rice as the middle rice variety, wherein the variety is shrimp rice No. 1, the planting density of the rice is 1.5 ten thousand holes/mu, and performing rice planting management in a manner of balanced fertilization, scientific water management, green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and the like.
(7) After harvesting the rice, irrigating 45cm in a seedling raising rice field to carry out crayfish seedling raising; after the young shrimps in the culture ditch are fished and thrown into the seedling culture paddy field, water in the culture ditch is drained, and then crop planting in autumn and winter is carried out, and the steps are cyclically carried out.
Example 3
(1) Transformation of rice field
The method comprises the steps of selecting a paddy field with sufficient water source, low terrain and good water retention and no pollution around the paddy field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches around the paddy field, reinforcing, heightening and widening excavated soil to enable the ridge to be 1.0-1.5 m higher than the paddy field, and arranging a defense escape net on the ridge. The requirement of the annular shrimp culture ditch is as follows:
seedling culture rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 4.5m, the width of the bottom of the groove is 1.5m, the depth of the groove is 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5;
and (3) breeding the rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 2.1m, the width of the bottom of the annular groove is 0.6m, the depth of the annular groove is 1.0m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.75.
(2) Feeding of shrimp seeds in seedling raising rice field
After the seedling raising rice field is transformed, irrigating water with the depth of 35cm after the harvest of the middle rice from the bottom of 9 months to 10 months, selectively purchasing crayfish seed shrimps, putting 45kg of the seed shrimps in each mu of the rice field, and ensuring that the breeding amount of the shrimp seedlings in the seedling raising rice field reaches about 3.5 ten thousand per mu in the next year in a female-male ratio of 2: 1.
(3) Cultivation of autumn and winter crops in rice field
After harvesting the middle-season rice, sowing wheat in the breeding rice field in a broadcasting mode, wherein the sowing quantity is 10 kg/mu; the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the surrounding ditch are opened in the field, and drainage and water drop in the field are guaranteed.
(4) Crayfish breeding
Until the middle ten days of 3 months in the next year, when the biomass of crops in autumn and winter of the cultivated rice field reaches 800 kg/mu fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, wherein the irrigation depth is 40cm and 50cm in 4-5 months; after the water is filled in the rice field, according to the proportion of 1:4, 80 percent of shrimp seedlings in the seedling rice field with the unit area are averagely thrown into the rice field with the unit area 4 times of that of the seedling rice field, the specification of the thrown shrimp seedlings is about 5g, and the throwing amount is about 0.7 ten thousand tails/mu; according to different growth stages of the crayfish, artificial compound feed is fed to the crayfish in the breeding rice field and the cultivation rice field by adopting a method of qualitative, quantitative, timed and multipoint feeding, the daily feeding amount is 4% -7% of the weight of the crayfish, the crayfish is fed for 1 time in the morning and at night, the morning feeding amount accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the evening feeding amount accounts for 60% of the daily feeding amount.
(5) Catching adult shrimps
Harvesting first-season adult shrimps until the bottom of 5-6 months in the next year, fishing the adult shrimps which reach the specification to go to the market, transferring the young shrimps which do not reach the specification to a shrimp ditch along with water, entering the paddy field again for living after field preparation, fertilization, seedling transplanting, field drying and tiller control and rehydration, fishing the adult shrimps which reach the specification to go to the market before harvest of the mid-season rice, and harvesting second-season adult shrimps.
(6) Rice planting
After the first-season adult shrimps are harvested, draining, preparing land and fertilizing the breeding rice field and the seedling rice field, planting the first-season middle rice, selecting conventional high-quality rice as the middle rice variety, wherein the variety is Huarun No. 2, the rice adopts a direct seeding mode, the seeding quantity of the rice is 4 kg/mu, and the rice planting management is carried out by adopting modes of balanced fertilization, scientific water management, green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like.
(7) After the rice is harvested, 35cm of water is poured into the seedling raising rice field to carry out crayfish seedling raising; after the young shrimps in the culture ditch are fished and thrown into the seedling culture paddy field, water in the culture ditch is drained, and then crop planting in autumn and winter is carried out, and the steps are cyclically carried out.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for culturing and separating rice and shrimps together is characterized by comprising the following steps:
rice field transformation: selecting a paddy field with sufficient water source, low terrain, good water retention and no pollution around the paddy field, classifying the paddy field according to the seedling culture paddy field and the breeding paddy field, excavating annular shrimp culture ditches with different specifications around the paddy field, reinforcing, heightening and widening excavated soil, and arranging a escape prevention net on the ridges;
after the rice field is transformed, after the middle-season rice is harvested, the breeding shrimps are thrown into the seedling raising rice field after the water is poured to breed the crayfish seedlings, and the crop planting in autumn and winter is carried out on the dry winter of the breeding rice field;
in the next year, when the biomass of autumn and winter crops in the cultivated rice field reaches the specified fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, and then throwing the shrimp seedlings in the seedling rice field into the cultivated rice field according to the proportion; feeding artificial compound feed to crayfish in a seedling raising rice field and a breeding rice field according to different growth stages of the crayfish;
fishing the grown shrimps, harvesting the first-season grown shrimps until the bottom of 5-6 months in the next year, transferring the young shrimps which do not reach the specification to a shrimp ditch along with water, entering the rice field again for living after field preparation, fertilization, seedling transplanting, field drying and tiller control and rehydration, fishing the grown shrimps which reach the specification before harvest of the middle-season rice and marketing, and harvesting the second-season grown shrimps;
planting rice, namely after the first-season adult shrimps are harvested, carrying out drainage, land preparation and fertilization on a breeding rice field and a seedling raising rice field, and then planting first-season middle rice, wherein the middle rice variety is conventional high-quality rice; and the rice planting management is carried out by adopting the modes of balanced fertilization, scientific water management, green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like;
after the rice is harvested, irrigating in a seedling raising rice field to carry out crayfish seedling raising; and (4) fishing the juvenile shrimps in the annular shrimp culturing ditches in the culturing rice field, putting the juvenile shrimps into the culturing rice field, draining water, planting crops in the culturing rice field in autumn and winter, and cyclically alternating in the way.
2. The method for the co-cultivation of rice and shrimp in breeding separation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice field for raising seedlings: the width of a groove opening of the annular groove is 4.5-5.0 m, the width of a groove bottom is 1.5-2.0 m, the depth is 1.5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5; and (3) breeding the rice field: the width of the opening of the annular groove is 2.0-2.5 m, the width of the bottom of the groove is 0.5-1.0 m, the depth of the groove is 1.0m, and the slope ratio is 1: 0.75.
3. The method for cultivating rice and shrimp together as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dug-out soil is reinforced, heightened and ridge widened to make the ridge 1.0-1.5 m higher than the rice field.
4. The method for cultivating the rice shrimps in a breeding and separating way as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of putting the seed shrimps in the seedling-raising rice field is as follows: and (3) irrigating water after harvesting the middle-season rice at the bottom of 9 months to 10 months, wherein the irrigation depth is 35-45 cm, crayfish seed shrimps are purchased, 40-45 kg of the crayfish seed shrimps are thrown in each mu of rice field, the male-female ratio is 2:1, and the shrimp seedling breeding amount in the next seedling raising rice field is ensured to reach 2.5-3.5 ten thousand tails/mu.
5. The method for cultivating rice and shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of planting crops in the cultivation rice field in autumn and winter is: after the harvest of the middle-season rice, planting milk vetch or rape or wheat in the breeding rice field; sowing astragalus sinicus and rape in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 1-2 kg/mu; sowing wheat in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu; the compartment ditch, the waist ditch and the enclosing ditch are opened in the field.
6. The method for breeding separated rice and shrimp according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of breeding the crayfishes in the breeding rice field comprises the following steps: until the middle ten days of the next 3 months, when the biomass of autumn and winter crops in the cultivated rice field reaches 500-1500 kg/mu fresh weight, irrigating water into the rice field, wherein the irrigation depth is 30-40 cm, 80% of shrimp seedlings in the seedling cultivation rice field per unit area are averagely thrown into the cultivated rice field 4 times of the unit area according to the proportion of 1:4, the thrown shrimp seedlings are 5g, and the throwing amount is 0.5-0.7 ten thousand tails/mu; the irrigation depth is 40-50 cm from 4-5 months.
7. The method for breeding separated rice and shrimp together as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial compound feed is fed to the crayfishes in the breeding rice field and the cultivation rice field by means of qualitative, quantitative, timed and multipoint feeding according to different growth stages of the crayfishes, the daily feeding amount is 4-7% of the weight of the crayfishes, the feeding is performed 1 time each day in the morning and evening, the feeding amount in the morning accounts for 40% of the daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening accounts for 60% of the daily feeding amount.
8. The method for co-cultivating the bred and separated rice shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adult shrimps are harvested and the first season adult shrimps are harvested from 5 months to 6 months in the next year.
9. The method for cultivating rice and shrimp in a mixed manner according to claim 1, wherein the medium rice variety is selected from conventional high-quality rice, the variety is Exiang No. 2, or Penaeus rice No. 1, or Eifeng silk seedling or Huarun No. 2, the rice planting density is 1.3-1.5 ten thousand holes/mu, or the direct seeding rate of rice is 3.5-4.0 kg/mu.
10. The method for cultivating rice and shrimp together as claimed in claim 1, wherein after harvesting rice, 35-45 cm of water is added to the rice field for raising crayfish seedlings.
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