CN108094093A - A kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN108094093A CN108094093A CN201810046905.0A CN201810046905A CN108094093A CN 108094093 A CN108094093 A CN 108094093A CN 201810046905 A CN201810046905 A CN 201810046905A CN 108094093 A CN108094093 A CN 108094093A
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 115
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- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010010 raising Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Physiology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to aquaculture fields, are related to a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality, including：Then the sterilizing before rice transplanting applies organic fertilizer, be inoculated with 5~10 kgs/acre of duckweed, and rice cultivation is 10~150,000 plants/hm2, fingerling is put in a suitable place to breed within 7~15 days after rice cultivation, puts fingerling in a suitable place to breed as carp and crucian, specification is 50~100 grams/item, puts 300~400 tails in a suitable place to breed altogether per acre.It is confirmed by practice, the method for raising rice field fish culture yield and quality of the invention, the yield of cultured fishes can be significantly improved, improved more than 30% than control pond, while keep the quality of cultured fishes；Duckweed is specially cultivated in pond, can be with purifying domestic sewage or other waste water, with good economic efficiency and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture fields, are related to a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality.
Background technology
Rice field synthesis breeding refers to carry out the cultivation such as aquatic products or birds, acquisition rice, aquatic products and birds using the rice field water surface
Etc. the production model of a variety of outputs.Rice field synthesis breeding can make full use of the circular biological mechanism of resource complementation between species, adopt
With plant breeding models such as rice fish mutualism, rice fish crop rotations, improve the unit output benefit in rice field, can be promoted peasant plant rice enthusiasm and
The income of peasant.
Rice field synthesis breeding has long history in China, and Guangdong Province just has the word note that grass carp is supported in rice field in the Tang Dynasty
It carries, is the earliest literature record on rice field fish culture found so far.Blue or green field rice field fish culture in 2005 become China first,
The whole world first, the first formal Globally-Important Agricultural Heritage Systems for awarding board in the world.
In recent years, Ministry of Agriculture's joint has carried out the examination of rice fishing synthesis breeding new technology pattern in relation to promoting research and teaching unit
Point demonstration, achieves remarkable effect.It is counted according to the Ministry of Agriculture, national rice field fish culture area reaches 22,500,000 mu within 2016, water
1,550,000 tons of product yield drives more than 300 hundred million yuan of increasing peasant income, effect highly significant.
Rice field fish culture is that Rice Cropping and fish culture are organically combined a kind of three dimensional-planting-breeding mould in same ecological environment
Formula.Using weeds are removed in the travelling of ingesting of fish, eat rice grub, reduce pesticide and discharge, while the growth respiration in rice field
Some generated organic matters can achieve the purpose that mutual benefit as the food of fish again.Therefore for, rice fishing synthesis breeding is
A kind of agricultural sustainable development new model of " water is dual-purpose, a Tian Duoshou, ecological circulation, energy-efficient ".Rice fishing integrates breeding
Advantage with " not striving grain with people, do not strive ground with grain ", " water is dual-purpose, a Tian Shuanshou " can effectively facilitate grain-production, greatly
Ground promotes agriculture fisherman's increased income, while has huge ecological benefits, is the effective means of industry poverty alleviation, is that agriculture fishery turns mode tune knot
The important handgrip of structure.
But the rice field fish culture of tradition/prior art, exist blindly breed fish, Rice Cropping density and fish stocking density
Unreasonable, agriculture chemical applies the problems such as improper, causes rotten many of rice anoxics, fish starvation and mortality, rice
The phenomenons such as low with quality of fish occur；Rice field fish culture technology also presence in part is ecological, original due to emphasizing, and is not adopted after fish is put
It takes any measure, cause the total fish catches of cultivation too low, the phenomenon that generation without what economic benefit.
The content of the invention
For above deficiency, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of new raising rice field fish culture yield and quality.
The present invention reaches above-mentioned purpose by following scheme：
A kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality, including：The sterilizing before rice transplanting, is then applied with
Machine fertilizer, is inoculated with 5~10 kgs/acre of duckweed, keeps 5~6/square centimeter of duckweed, and rice cultivation is 10~150,000 plants/hm2, kind
It puts fingerling in a suitable place to breed within 7~15 days after planting paddy rice, puts fingerling in a suitable place to breed as carp and crucian, specification is 50~100 grams/item, puts 300 in a suitable place to breed altogether per acre
~400 tails.
Preferably, when duckweed is less than 1/square centimeter in paddyfield water, supplement duckweed to 5~6/square centimeter.
It is further preferred that the pond of duckweed is cultivated in configuration beside rice field, fished for nearby to rice field from cultivating in pond
In, it ingests for cultured fishes.
It is further preferred that the area ratio in pond of the fish-culture paddy field with cultivating duckweed is 3~4：1.
It is further preferred that setting the pond for cultivating duckweed beside rice field, fish-culture paddy field configures a pond per acre, when
It when duckweed is less than 1/square centimeter in paddyfield water, fishes for into rice field, mends nearby in the pond of cultivation duckweed from the side
Duckweed is filled to 5~6/square centimeter, is ingested for cultured fishes.
Preferably, it is inoculated in rice field before duckweed, excavates fish water hole, depth is 1.0~1.5 meters, and area accounts for rice field area
5-8%.
It is further preferred that rice field corresponding angles set water inlet just and/or water outlet.
Preferably, quick lime may be employed in the sterilization antivirus.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is the one or more macerated in ripe chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, per acre using 400~
500 kilograms of organic fertilizers.
In a preferred embodiment, a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality, step are as follows：
(1) prepare before rice transplanting：About ten days before rice transplanting, suitable quick lime sterilizing is first spilt down on the farm, then with suitable
It measures organic fertilizer to fertilize the soil, water quality is made not only to have kept pure and fresh state, but also in certain fertile state, substance base is provided for paddy growth
Plinth, while the growth for being alternatively rice field fry and duckweed provides nutriment；
(2) fish water hole (i.e. small puddle) is excavated, depth is 1.0~1.5 meters, and area accounts for the 5~8% of rice field area, generally exists
The middle position in rice field is excavated, preferably can also be by fish water hole surrounding cement stabilization；The soil for excavating fish water hole can be used for heightening and consolidation
Ridge；In rice field, corresponding angles set water inlet and/or water outlet；
(3) discharge water：Before Rice Cropping, 5~10 kgs/acre of duckweed is inoculated with, keeps 5~6/square centimeter of duckweed；
(4) Rice Cropping：The four independent paddy fields for example separated in above-mentioned paddy fields by fish water hole carry out
Rice transplantation by hand, density of transplants are 10~150,000 plants/hm2；
(5) fingerling stocking：7~15 days after transplanting seedlings, rice shoot starts to launch fingerling after turning green, and puts carp and crucian in a suitable place to breed, institute
The specification of fingerling is put in a suitable place to breed as 50~100 grams/item, puts 300~400 tails in a suitable place to breed per acre；
(6) pond is configured：One pond is set beside rice field, fish-culture paddy field configures a pond per acre, dedicated for
Duckweed is cultivated, when duckweed is less than 1/square centimeter in paddyfield water, duckweed is fished for into rice field in pond nearby from the side, supplies
Cultured fishes are ingested.
Inventor has found there is many idle low-lying lands, discarded pond in rural area, easily hoards sanitary sewage, and this
A little sewage are nitrogenous, phosphorus is higher, and duckweed has comparable nitrogen, phosphorus absorbability, and inventor has found, by the time of 6 days, passes through
The purification of duckweed, the exceeded Typical Rural sanitary sewage of the content of nitrogen and phosphorous can reach level-one A class discharge standards, at the same be also fish,
The particularly good bait of herbivorous fishes.
Inventor coordinates rice field fish culture using duckweed as a result, can not only handle domestic sewage in rural areas, and can try one's best
Ground is while fertilising is reduced or avoided, moreover it is possible to improve the yield and quality of fish, have unexpected technique effect.
Since the present invention is using duckweed has artificially been fed, it largely ensure that the ample supply of bait, solve
The problem of some period bait are insufficient in rice field；Improve the yield of Fish Sampled from Paddy Field.Compared with the rice field of common rice field fish culture, yield
More than 30% is improved, from original average 25 kilograms of 35 kilograms of raisings per acre.Simultaneously as duckweed crude protein content is high, battalion
It supports and enriches, palatability is good, the water soluble vitamins such as volume vitamin B1, B2, C, cyanidenon -7- β-glycoside, 8- hydroxyls
The substances such as flavonoids and iodine, bromine such as cyanidenon -8- β-glycoside, " Hehua fish " albumen raised is high, fat is low, and delicate flavour
Amino acid content is higher；In addition, the pigment containing high level after duckweed, the more bright-coloured light of fish raised.
The present invention is different from pond culture, using duckweed in rice field fish culture, considers the absorption problem of nutritive salt, places floating
Duckweed is excessive, the nutrition with rice competition water body is be easy to cause, so as to influence the growth of rice and yield.
The present invention controls the quantity of duckweed in rice field using the carp for putting 50~100 grams/item in a suitable place to breed, when duckweed deficiency in rice field
When, it is fished for from the outside in pond and is put into rice field and controls certain density, it is excessively high easily with rice competition nutrition, too low, seem
Bait deficiency, influences the growth of fish rather than is directly cultivated in rice field, and the growth and Rice Production for avoiding duckweed generate battalion
It nourishs one's nature competition, improves the utilization rate of nutriment, improve the economic benefit of whole breeding.
It is confirmed by practice, the method for raising rice field fish culture yield and quality of the invention, cultivation fish can be significantly improved
The yield of class improves about more than 30% than control group.The quality of cultured fishes is kept simultaneously；Duckweed is specially cultivated in pond, can
With purifying domestic sewage or other waste water, with good economic efficiency and ecological benefits.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality is as follows：
(1) prepare before rice transplanting：About ten days before rice transplanting, suitable quick lime sterilizing is first spilt down on the farm, then with suitable
It measures organic fertilizer to fertilize the soil, water quality is made not only to have kept pure and fresh state, but also in certain fertile state, substance base is provided for paddy growth
Plinth, while the growth for being alternatively rice field fry and duckweed provides nutriment；
(2) fish water hole is excavated, depth is 1.0~1.5 meters, and area accounts for the 5~8% of rice field area；And optionally heightening and consolidation
Ridge；In rice field, corresponding angles set water inlet and/or water outlet；
(3) discharge water：Before Rice Cropping, 5~10 kgs/acre of duckweed is inoculated with, the entire water surface in rice field is enable to be paved with；
(4) Rice Cropping：Rice transplantation by hand is carried out in the paddy fields of aforementioned four independence, density of transplants is 10~150,000
Strain/hm2；
(5) fingerling stocking：7~15 days after transplanting seedlings, rice shoot starts to launch fingerling after turning green, and puts carp and crucian in a suitable place to breed, institute
The specification of fingerling is put in a suitable place to breed as 50~100 grams/item, puts 300~400 tails in a suitable place to breed per acre；
(6) pond is configured：One pond is set beside rice field, fish-culture paddy field configures a pond per acre, dedicated for
Duckweed is cultivated, when duckweed is less than 1/square centimeter in paddyfield water, duckweed is fished for into rice field in pond nearby from the side, supplies
Cultured fishes are ingested.
Test example 1
This test example carries out rice field in Yao Autonomous County of Liannan Xiang Pingzhen Xiang Ping villages, the method for periodically feed duckweed
Carp is cultivated, the cultivation (100 days or so) by a cycle, per mu yield improves 15 kilograms；According to 70 yuan/kilogram of the current year
It calculates, 1050 yuan can be increased income per acre.
Test example 2
This test example carries out paddy field aquaculture carp, warp in Shaoguan Ru Yuan Zhong Chong villages, the method for periodically feed duckweed
The cultivation (100 days or so) of a cycle is crossed, in addition to per mu yield improves 10 kilograms, the Fresh ear field of cultured fishes contains
Amount and unsaturated fatty acid content significantly improve.
Comparative example
For successive years, we using this method and do not use the control group of duckweed and are only inoculated with a small amount of duckweed in the early stage
Pond compare, yield and cultivation quality have good raising.It is specific as follows：
Table 1：Yield comparison table
Table 2：Nutritional ingredient (quality) contrast table
Inventor passes through Experimental Comparison, it has further been found that, the density of duckweed inoculation, the breeding density of fish put the time in a suitable place to breed
All there is material impact to the yield and quality of rice field fish culture in the present invention.
The above is only the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, technique according to the invention scheme and its
Design is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all cover within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality, which is characterized in that including：The sterilizing before rice transplanting,
Then apply organic fertilizer, be inoculated with 5~10 kgs/acre of duckweed, keep 5~6/square centimeter of duckweed；Rice cultivation is 10~15
Ten thousand plants/hm2, fingerling is put in a suitable place to breed within 7~15 days after rice cultivation, puts fingerling in a suitable place to breed as carp and crucian, and specification is 50~100 grams/item, often
Mu puts 300~400 tails in a suitable place to breed altogether.
2. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality according to claim 1, which is characterized in that work as rice
When duckweed is less than 1/square centimeter in water in field body, supplement duckweed to 5~6/square centimeter.
3. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in rice
The pond of duckweed is cultivated in configuration beside field, is fished for into rice field from cultivating in pond, is ingested for cultured fishes nearby.
4. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described
The area ratio in pond of the fish-culture paddy field with cultivating duckweed is 3~4：1.
5. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in rice
The pond for cultivating duckweed is set beside field, fish-culture paddy field configures a pond per acre, when in paddyfield water duckweed be less than 1/it is flat
It at square centimetre, is fished for nearby into rice field in the pond of cultivation duckweed from the side, supplement duckweed to 5~6/square centimeter,
It ingests for cultured fishes.
6. according to a kind of cultural method of any raising rice field fish culture yield and quality in claim 1 to 5, feature
It is, is inoculated in rice field before duckweed, excavate fish water hole, depth is 1.0~1.5 meters, and area accounts for the 5-8% of rice field area.
7. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in rice
Field corresponding angles set water inlet just and/or water outlet.
8. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Quick lime may be employed in sterilization antivirus.
9. a kind of cultural method for improving rice field fish culture yield and quality according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Organic fertilizer is the one or more macerated in ripe chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, per acre using 400~500 kilograms of organic fertilizers.
It is 10. special according to a kind of cultural method of any raising rice field fish culture yield and quality in claim 1 to 9
Sign is that step is as follows：
(1) prepare before rice transplanting：About ten days before rice transplanting, suitable quick lime sterilizing is first spilt down on the farm, then with having in right amount
The fat field of machine makes water quality not only keep pure and fresh state, but also in certain fertile state, provides material base for paddy growth, together
When be alternatively the growth of rice field fry and duckweed nutriment be provided；
(2) fish water hole is excavated, depth is 1.0~1.5 meters, and area accounts for the 5~8% of rice field area；The soil for excavating fish water hole can be used for adding
Height reinforces ridge；In rice field, corresponding angles set water inlet and/or water outlet；
(3) discharge water：Before Rice Cropping, 5~10 kgs/acre of duckweed is inoculated with, keeps 5~6/square centimeter of duckweed；
(4) Rice Cropping：Rice transplantation by hand is carried out in above-mentioned paddy fields, density of transplants is 10~150,000 plants/hm2；
(5) fingerling stocking：7~15 days after transplanting seedlings, rice shoot starts to launch fingerling after turning green, and puts carp and crucian in a suitable place to breed, is put in a suitable place to breed
The specification of fingerling is 50~100 grams/item, puts 300~400 tails in a suitable place to breed per acre；
(6) pond is configured：One pond is set beside rice field, and fish-culture paddy field configures a pond per acre, dedicated for cultivating
Duckweed, when duckweed is less than 1/square centimeter in paddyfield water, duckweed is fished for into rice field in pond nearby from the side, for cultivation
Fish.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN113728964A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 福建省连江县青芝农业科技研究中心 | Deep water fishing and rice symbiotic culture system |
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