CN105230454A - Method for interplanting duckweed in rice field to reduce damages to paddy rice caused by ampullaria gigas - Google Patents
Method for interplanting duckweed in rice field to reduce damages to paddy rice caused by ampullaria gigas Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230454A CN105230454A CN201510643530.2A CN201510643530A CN105230454A CN 105230454 A CN105230454 A CN 105230454A CN 201510643530 A CN201510643530 A CN 201510643530A CN 105230454 A CN105230454 A CN 105230454A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological control, and particularly discloses a method for interplanting duckweed in a rice field to reduce damages to paddy rice caused by ampullaria gigas. The method comprises putting the duckweed in a rice filed 2 to 5 days before transplantation of paddy rice seedlings. The duckweed is interplanted in the rice field, the duckweed can be used for trapping the ampullaria gigas to forage at original positions, so that damages to the paddy rice seedlings caused by ampullaria gigas can be reduced. Compared with the prior art, no chemical agent for killing the ampullaria gigas is needed when the ampullaria gigas damages the paddy rice by adopting the method, the production of agricultural products and the safety of farmland ecotope can be ensured, and the method can be conveniently operated in the field, actually popularize and apply, distinct ecological benefits and economic benefits can be achieved by adopting the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological Control Technology field, more specifically, relate to a kind of rice field cover and support duckweed to reduce the method for Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard.
Background technology
Pomacea canaliculata (
pomaceacanaliculata) originate in South America Amazon River basin, be the amphibious freshwater shellfish mollusk of subtropical and tropical zones, be incorporated into Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province in 1981 by as edible economic animal, and be generalized to rapidly more than 10 province, the whole nation in the eighties.In marketization failure with food flavor is not good etc. under factor affects, Pomacea canaliculata is lost one's parents by raiser, and because it possesses, feeding habits are assorted, adaptable, fertility high, and Pomacea canaliculata has intruded into China's 13 provinces (city), be injured farmland more than 3,000 ten thousand mu, and only Guangdong Province has reached 8,000,000 mu at present.In addition, parasitize angiostrongylus cantonensis in Fu Shou breechblock (
angiostrongyluscantonensis) human body eosinophilic meningoencephalitis can be caused.2003, Pomacea canaliculata was listed in " blacklist " of 16 kinds of alien species of first batch of invasion China by State Environmental Protection Administration and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The agricultural caused in China in the face of Pomacea canaliculata and ecological hazard, chemistry molluscicide is as the first-selection of most of peasant, be widely used in Pomacea canaliculata prevention and control, result result in very serious environmental pollution and bio-diversity declines and Food Security.In recent years, biological control possesses sustainability and potential ecological benefits because of it and becomes the promising developing direction of tool in Pomacea canaliculata preventing control method.In biological control, some have the plant of attractive effect also can play important prevention and control effect to Pomacea canaliculata.Duckweed (
lemnaminor) grow soon as a class, be rich in protein and amino acid whose aquatic floating plant, reproduction speed is fast, be often born in the organic abundant standing water such as rice field, pond, ditch, and Pomacea canaliculata has same habitat, in south China rice field, all have growth.For Pomacea canaliculata, because duckweed has better palatability than rice seedling, and flourish speed is fast, therefore collection Pomacea canaliculata can be lured in rice field to take food by duckweed, thus reduce Pomacea canaliculata to the harm of paddy rice, thus, original position prevention and control can be carried out to the harm of Pomacea canaliculata by this Ecological technique measure, thus reduce or substitute the use of chemical molluscicide, be conducive to Ensuring Food Safety to produce and agroecological environment and Agricultural Biodiversity, in prior art, also do not utilize duckweed to reduce the effective measures of Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the above-mentioned defect overcoming prior art existence, provides a kind of and supports duckweed to reduce the method for Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard at rice field cover.
The object of the invention is to be achieved by the following technical programs:
Rice field cover is supported duckweed and is reduced the method for Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard, is to transplant front 2 ~ 5d at rice seedling to throw in duckweed in rice field.
Duckweed is the bait of Pomacea canaliculata, be disclosed in prior art rice seedling in rice field, add duckweed seedling stage can as a kind of expedient preventing Pomacea canaliculata hazard rice, but applicant is found by lot of experiments, duckweed is thrown in seedling stage at rice seedling, Pomacea canaliculata is still comparatively serious to the harm of rice shoot, and farthest can reduce the harm of Pomacea canaliculata to paddy rice in rice seedling transplanting front 2 ~ 5d input duckweed, this is because: throw in duckweed at rice seedling 2 ~ 5d in seedling stage, now duckweed grows into the degree that the most applicable Pomacea canaliculata takes food in rice field, like this, after rice seedling is transplanted, minimum to the harm of paddy rice.
In addition, after input duckweed, the water table management no less important in rice field, preferably, to paddy rice productive tiller stage after rice seedling is transplanted, rice field middle water level remains on 1 ~ 5cm, and now Pomacea canaliculata is in stranded state in rice field, easily dead; And water layer is when crossing shallow, Pomacea canaliculata is creeped and is subject to obvious restriction, and it is reduced the harm of paddy rice.More preferably, rice field middle water level remains on 2 ~ 3cm.
Different rice varieties, the effect slightly difference of described method, preferably, in said method, described rice varieties is Huang Huazhan, U.S. perfume (or spice) accounts for, Huang Lizhan or Guangdong perfume (or spice) account for.
Preferably, in said method, it is 20 ~ 35d that described rice seedling transplants age in days, and now rice shoot is comparatively healthy and strong, can resist Pomacea canaliculata to a certain extent; More preferably, affiliated rice varieties is Huang Huazhan, and shoot transplanting equipment age in days is 25 ~ 30d.
Preferably, in said method, the injected volume of described duckweed is as the criterion, wherein, when the density of adult spiral shell is 6 ~ 10/m with the density of spiral shell of growing up in rice field (general shell high>=20mm or body weight>=2g)
2rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 80 ~ 120g/m
2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 50 ~ 75%; When the density of adult spiral shell is 1 ~ 5/m
2rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 15 ~ 50g/m
2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 10 ~ 30%.
More preferably, when the density of adult spiral shell is 6 ~ 10/m
2during rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 100g/m
2; When the density of adult spiral shell is 1 ~ 5/m
2rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 30g/m
2.
Described duckweed is blue or green duckweed, water velvet; For different types of duckweed, the input date of its duckweed is different, and preferably, when described duckweed is blue or green duckweed, it is transplanted front 2 ~ 4d at rice seedling and throws in rice field; When described duckweed is water velvet, it is transplanted front 3 ~ 5d at rice seedling and throws in rice field.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The invention provides a kind of rice field cover and support duckweed to reduce the method for Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard, is transplant front 2 ~ 5d at rice seedling to throw in duckweed in rice field; Transplant protheca at rice seedling and support duckweed, namely by " symbiosis of rice duckweed " Ecological technique pattern, carry out Diet shift and disturb reducing the harm of Pomacea canaliculata to rice seedling, thus reach the object reducing or do not use chemical molluscicide to endanger to control Pomacea canaliculata.
In rice field, appropriate duckweed supported by cover, on the one hand, duckweed is the eating plant of Pomacea canaliculata, thus becomes the substituted plant (namely as " trap " plant by Pomacea canaliculata preferentially taken food) of minimizing Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard, thus forms " density redundancy " effect of food; On the other hand, on the water surface of field, the duckweed of certain density covers and low water level regulation and control, be unfavorable for motion and the trophic behaviour of Pomacea canaliculata, thus " physical barriers " effect defined Pomacea canaliculata hazard rice, by the effect of these two aspects, reduce and instead of the use of chemical molluscicide, ensure grain security and Environmental security.Simultaneously, in rice field, duckweed supported by cover, take full advantage of the Temporal-Spatial Niche in rice field, and after rice field falls dry, rice harves, duckweed organism becomes again fertilizer and enters soil after decaying and rotting, and then the use of nutrient needed for supply paddy growth, the method for the invention overcomes the environmental pollution and crop production safety problem that existing a large amount of use chemistry molluscicide prevention and control Pomacea canaliculata technology causes, and has actual using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that 15 age in days paddy rice covers to support after duckweed Pomacea canaliculata to the harm of paddy rice.
Fig. 2 is that 30 age in days paddy rice covers to support after duckweed Pomacea canaliculata to the harm of paddy rice.
Fig. 3 be under the different duckweed release time Pomacea canaliculata to the harm of 30 age in days paddy rice.
Fig. 4 be under different water levels condition Pomacea canaliculata to the harm of 15 ages in days (A) and 30 ages in days (B) paddy rice.
Embodiment
Further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, the simple modification do the inventive method, step or condition or replacement, all belong to scope of the present invention; If do not specialize, the conventional means that technological means used in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art.
embodiment 1
The rice varieties that the present embodiment is chosen is Huang Huazhan (rice 2005010 is examined in Guangdong), duckweed is the blue or green duckweed that rice field, field gathers, test site is located at the outdoor balcony of agricultural college of Agricultural University Of South China, be carry out in the plastic box of 77cm × 50cm × 36cm in specification, it is paddy soil bottom plastic box, soil layer is about 10cm, and the depth of water is about 5cm.Rice seedling is 1 cave with 4 strains, and every case evenly inserts 9 cave rice shoots by the specification of 20cm × 15cm.Test has 6 chests, and wherein 3 plastic boxes added the fresh duckweed of 15g in transplanting the same day, and as processed group, other 3 are set to control group.Drop into Pomacea canaliculata 8 in each chest, the high 15 ~ 20mm of shell, 20 ~ 25mm, 25 ~ 30mm, each 2 of 30 ~ 35mm.After hauling oneself willingly into the Pomacea canaliculata put and state quantity, every day same time statistics rice seedling damage situations, whole Culm of Rice is bitten broken is designated as death, and pilot survey continues 3d.
Result of the test is as Fig. 1, only have in the herbicide application of Rice Cropping when Pomacea canaliculata is incorporated into, especially time rice seedling young especially tender (age in days 15d), the rice shoot of 22.2% is only had not to be snapped food after the 1d time, but after introducing appropriate duckweed in rice field, part Pomacea canaliculata can be selected to take food duckweed, thus the rate of being injured of paddy rice is reduced, after the Pomacea canaliculata of same specification is incorporated into rice-duckweed symbiotic environment 1d, paddy rice survival rate is 46.3%; When Pomacea canaliculata introduce time lengthening to 2d time, have, be respectively 27.8% and 4.6% without the survival rate of paddy rice under duckweed existence condition, otherness reach significance (
p<0.05); After introducing Pomacea canaliculata 3d under paddy rice general planting mode, rice shoot is all taken food by spiral shell, and survival rate drops to 0, is starkly lower than the process (16.7% that duckweed exists;
p<0.05).
Transplant age in days when rice seedling and change 30d into from 15d, now paddy growth obtains comparatively " hale and hearty ", and the paddy rice rate of being injured under Pomacea canaliculata exists obviously reduces, and the paddy rice under the conventional single cropping mode of paddy rice is by after Pomacea canaliculata harm 1d, and survival rate is 79.6%; And introduce the processed group of duckweed symbiosis, paddy rice survival rate can be higher, reaches 91.7%; No matter under the conventional single cropping of paddy rice or rice duckweed symbiotic environment, along with the prolongation suffering the spiral shell evil time, the survival rate continuous decrease of paddy rice; And after introducing Pomacea canaliculata 3d, the survival rate of paddy rice is down to 60.2% under the symbiosis of rice duckweed, and be significantly higher than conventional single cropping mode (48.1%) (Fig. 2) of paddy rice of the same period.
embodiment 2
The rice varieties that the present embodiment is chosen is Huang Huazhan (rice 2005010 is examined in Guangdong), duckweed is that rice field, field gathers, test site is located at the outdoor balcony of agricultural college of Agricultural University Of South China, be carry out in the plastic box of 77cm × 50cm × 36cm in specification, it is paddy soil bottom plastic box, soil layer is about 10cm, and the depth of water is about 5cm.Rice seedling is 1 cave with 4 strains, and every case evenly inserts the rice shoot of 9 cave 30 ages in days by the specification of 20cm × 15cm.Test has 12 chests, and each chest drops into Pomacea canaliculata 8 after transplanting rice, the high 15 ~ 20mm of shell, 20 ~ 25mm, 25 ~ 30mm, each 2 of 30 ~ 35mm.To throw in Pomacea canaliculata for timing node, wherein 3 plastic boxes add the fresh duckweed of 15g, as processed group 1 while input Pomacea canaliculata; Processed group 2 and processed group 3 all have 3 chests, add the fresh duckweed of 15g respectively at after input Pomacea canaliculata 1d and 2d; Other 3 are set to control group, do not add duckweed all the time.After hauling oneself willingly into the Pomacea canaliculata put and state quantity, every day same time statistics rice seedling damage situations, whole Culm of Rice is bitten broken is designated as death, and pilot survey continues 3d, and corresponding processed group 1, processed group 2 and processed group 3 semilate rice-duckweed symbiosis duration is respectively 3d, 2d and 1d.
Result of the test is as Fig. 3, and when Pomacea canaliculata is incorporated in the herbicide application only having 30 age in days Rice Croppings, Pomacea canaliculata is had no option, and all takes food paddy rice, and after 3d, the survival rate of paddy rice is down to 48.1%, lower than other 3 processed group of throwing in duckweed; After introducing appropriate duckweed in rice field, because of the good palatability of duckweed, most of Pomacea canaliculata is partial to duckweed, thus decreases the harm of Pomacea canaliculata to paddy rice.Processed group 1, processed group 2 and processed group 3 are after introducing Pomacea canaliculata 3d, and the survival rate of rice seedling presents a trend of successively decreasing along with the shortening of rice-duckweed symbiosis time, is 60.19%, 57.14% and 53.70% successively.
embodiment 3
The rice varieties that the present embodiment is chosen is that U.S. perfume (or spice) accounts for (rice 2006009 is examined in Guangdong), test site is located at the outdoor balcony of agricultural college of Agricultural University Of South China, be carry out in the plastic box of 38cm × 27cm × 13cm in specification, be 5cm deep water rice soil bottom plastic box, the depth of water is provided with 3 gradients, is set to 0cm, 2cm, 5cm respectively.And choose 15 ages in days and 30 age in days rice shoots for experiment, the plastic box of different water levels all inserts rice shoot 120 strain of 15 ages in days or 30 ages in days.After paddy rice is planted, put into the Pomacea canaliculata of 2 active same spiral shell levels in every case, Pomacea canaliculata have chosen 3 spiral shell levels, is young spiral shell (the high 10 ~ 15mm of shell) respectively, middle spiral shell (the high 15 ~ 20mm of shell), becomes spiral shell (shell height >20mm).Different water depth, mutually intersect between different days paddy rice and different spiral shell level Pomacea canaliculata Three factors, each process counterpoise has answered 4 times, adds up different size Pomacea canaliculata under different water depth condition to the impact of different days paddy rice after 24h.
As shown in Figure 4, the different seedling age phase (15 ages in days and 30 ages in days) of paddy rice, increase (0 ~ 5cm) with the depth of water, paddy rice is taken food also more serious result of the test, but when not having water layer (0cm) in rice field, different spiral shell level Pomacea canaliculata to the harm of paddy rice not difference (
p>0.05); Pomacea canaliculata individuality larger (young spiral shell, middle spiral shell are to becoming spiral shell), also larger to paddy rice food ingestion, become spiral shell maximum to paddy rice food ingestion, be all significantly higher than same time young spiral shell to the harm of paddy rice (
p<0.05).The seedling age of paddy rice is less, and Pomacea canaliculata at different levels is larger to its food ingestion, during for the 5cm depth of water, becomes spiral shell to reach 55.75 strains to the harm amount of 15 age in days paddy rice in 24h, and harm amount only 9.5 strains to 30 age in days paddy rice.Result shows: when not affecting paddy growth, and rice transplanting is more late, water layer is more shallow, and the harm of Pomacea canaliculata to paddy rice is less.
embodiment 4
Support duckweed at rice field cover and reduce the method for Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard, comprise the following steps:
(1) raising rice seedlings: prepare seed rice (rice varieties is that Guangdong perfume (or spice) accounts for) according to the standard of every mu of land for growing field crops 3kg, the seedling time is about 30d.
(2) dispenser of applying fertilizer manages: use 300kg chicken manure as base manure, do not use chemical fertilizer, molluscicide and weed killer herbicide in whole breeding time.Control treatment is set simultaneously: conventional single cropping mode (namely using chemical fertilizer and molluscicide) of paddy rice.
(3) duckweed is thrown in and shoot transplanting equipment: before rice seedling is transplanted, 3d throws in duckweed, every m
2throw in duckweed 80g.
(4) paddy field moisture management: to paddy rice productive tiller stage after rice seedling transplanting, rice field water layer remains on 3cm.
The present embodiment result shows, interplants duckweed and obviously can reduce the extent of injury of Pomacea canaliculata to rice seedling in rice field.Duckweed supported by rice seedling phase cover can obtain remarkable result in the harm of minimizing Pomacea canaliculata, and has certain lasting effect.To paddy rice productive tiller stage after rice transplanting, the rice seedling survival rate under the foster duckweed mode of rice field cover is apparently higher than the conventional single cropping mode of paddy rice.
embodiment 5
Support duckweed at rice field cover and reduce the method for Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard, comprise the following steps:
(1) raising rice seedlings: prepare seed rice (rice varieties is Huang Lizhan) according to the standard of every mu of land for growing field crops 3kg, the seedling time is about 28d.
(2) dispenser of applying fertilizer manages: use 300kg chicken manure as base manure, do not use chemical fertilizer, molluscicide and weed killer herbicide in whole breeding time.Control treatment is set simultaneously: conventional single cropping mode (namely using chemical fertilizer and molluscicide) of paddy rice.
(3) duckweed is thrown in and shoot transplanting equipment: before rice transplanting, 5d throws in duckweed, every m
2throw in duckweed 50g.
(4) paddy field moisture management: to paddy rice productive tiller stage after rice transplanting, rice field water layer remains on 2cm.
The present embodiment result also shows, interplants duckweed and obviously can reduce the extent of injury of Pomacea canaliculata to rice seedling in rice field.Duckweed supported by rice seedling phase cover can obtain remarkable result in the harm of minimizing Pomacea canaliculata, and has certain lasting effect.To paddy rice productive tiller stage after rice transplanting, rice field cover supports the rice seedling survival rate of duckweed processed group apparently higher than the conventional single cropping mode of paddy rice.
Claims (7)
1. support duckweed at rice field cover and reduce the method for Pomacea canaliculata to rice hazard, it is characterized in that, transplant front 2 ~ 5d at rice seedling and throw in duckweed in rice field.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, to paddy rice productive tiller stage after rice seedling is transplanted, rice field middle water level remains on 1 ~ 5cm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rice varieties is Huang Huazhan, U.S. perfume (or spice) accounts for, Huang Lizhan or Guangdong perfume (or spice) account for.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is 20 ~ 35d that described rice seedling transplants age in days.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the injected volume of described duckweed is as the criterion, wherein, when the density of adult spiral shell is 6 ~ 10/m with the density of spiral shell of growing up in rice field
2rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 80 ~ 120g/m
2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 50 ~ 75%; When the density of adult spiral shell is 1 ~ 5/m
2rice field, the injected volume of duckweed is 15 ~ 50g/m
2, rice field water surface coverage rate is 10 ~ 30%.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described adult spiral shell be general shell high >=Pomacea canaliculata of 25mm or body weight >=2g.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described duckweed is blue or green duckweed, water velvet.
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| CN105230454B (en) | 2019-03-05 |
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