CN102090253A - Technology for cultivating potatoes by mulching straw and covering film - Google Patents
Technology for cultivating potatoes by mulching straw and covering film Download PDFInfo
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- CN102090253A CN102090253A CN201010545131XA CN201010545131A CN102090253A CN 102090253 A CN102090253 A CN 102090253A CN 201010545131X A CN201010545131X A CN 201010545131XA CN 201010545131 A CN201010545131 A CN 201010545131A CN 102090253 A CN102090253 A CN 102090253A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a technology for culturing potatoes by mulching straws and covering film, comprising the following steps of: ditching two rows of shallow grooves which are 5-6cm deep on smoothed surface, placing potato seeds in the grooves according to the density distance, placing the cutting side upwards, placing the eye side downwards, covering the potato seeds with base fertilizer which is applied in a centralized way, then covering the whole surface evenly with the prepared wheat or rice straws in such a manner of tip to tip, compacting or pressing fine earth lightly, wherein the thickness is 8-10 cm; the space is not formed; the film is free of light leakage and free of earth leakage; the land film is covered anytime; and the film is pressed by earth along the small groove after paving the film. The technology has the advantages that: harvest can be 10-15 days earlier than the normal production; each 667 m<2> field produces more than 2000kg of fresh potatoes; the yield is increased by more than 20% compared with the traditional culturing method, 4-5 labors are saved, and the potatoes can be harvested in batches according to the market demands; the technology has greater market value; the large potatoes are harvested, and the small potatoes are leaved; the surface straw is smoothed after harvesting, which does not obstruct the small potatoes to go on growing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technical field, be specifically related to a kind of potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique.
Background technology
Potato contains a large amount of carbohydrate, contains protein, mineral matter (phosphorus, calcium etc.), vitamin etc. simultaneously.Can cook staple food, it is edible also to can be used as vegetables, or does accesary foods such as French fries, potato chips etc., also is used for making starch, bean vermicelli etc., also can brewed wine or as the feed of livestock.
The culture technique of potato is different different because of geographic climate all over the world.Mainly utilize stem tuber to carry out vegetative propagation.When utilizing the stem tuber vegetative propagation, potato seed gets final product germination and growth under the condition of 5～8 ℃ of soil temperatures, and optimum temperature is 15～20 ℃.The temperature that is suitable for the growth of plant cauline leaf and blooms is 16～22 ℃.The temperature that is suitable for most stem tuber formation night is 10～13 ℃ (16～18 ℃ of soil temperatures), then forms when being higher than 20 ℃ slowly.Unearthed and the seedling phase reduces to-2 ℃ and promptly suffers freeze injury at temperature.Bloom and the stem tuber formation phase is the period of water requirement maximum in the time of infertility, as arid, pour water 15～20 tons for every mu is the key technology measure that guarantees potato stable high yield at every turn.Potato is generally 1330～1650 kilograms of per mu yields.Density is kept a full stand of seedings for every mu can not be less than 4000 strains.
Summary of the invention
It is in order to obtain more income, to use manpower and material resources sparingly, obtaining more excellent kind that purpose of the present invention provides a kind of potato straw mulching epiphragma cultivation.
A kind of potato straw mulching epiphragma of the present invention culture technique is characterized in that on smooth good furrow face, opens the shallow ridges of the dark 5～6cm of two row, with potato seed press density requirements apart from the pendulum in ditch, cut side up, eye faces down, with concentrating the base manure of using to cover in potato seed, then with ready wheat straw or straw, the grass point evenly covers on the whole furrow face to the grass point, compacting or press fine earth gently, thickness 8～10cm, the no light leak that do not interspace does not leak soil, at any time add covering film, real with soil pressure behind the film of shop along ditch.
The smooth mode of the furrow face described in the present invention is for changing ridging, and is flat as high furrow duplicate rows cultivation, is convenient to cover the straw mulch film; Wide row 60～70cm, narrow row 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 17～30cm furrow face width 75～80cm, the every 667m of 4000～6000 strains
2
Base manure described in the present invention is fertilizer 2000kg/667m
2, ash 200～250kg/667m
2With mix superphosphate 25kg/667m
2Mixture, wherein 2/3 plough under plow layer in conjunction with ploughing, 1/3 concentrates ditch spread when opening seed furrow.
30～50g small seed potato whole photo sowing result is selected in potato seed described in the present invention for use, and stripping and slicing is answered in big potato seed, and vernalization was carried out in preceding 1～2 day, and every 1～2 eye is cut the 4～8h that dries in the air after the back is washed with cold water; Plant the Gibberellins solution seed soaking 5～10min of small seed potato autumn with 1～2mg/kg, 1～the 2h that in the Gibberellins solution of 5～10mg/kg, soaks seed of the whole potato of the big potato seed of stripping and slicing, place warm darkroom to carry out vernalization then, 15～18 ℃ of preference temperatures, relative air humidity is controlled at 70～80%, give light scattering, formed the green sturdy bud of 0.5～1.5cm through 15～20 days.Used potato seed select precocity, high yield, disease-resistant, adaptability is strong, the detoxification kind that high yield and quality is good, preferred east is agricultural 303, draw No. 1 the Shandong.
The field management technology:
1, seedling period management technology:
Broadcast the back and can emerge in 15～20 days, in time rupture of membranes draws seedling, around fine earth compacting seedling.Look into seedling during height of seedling 6～10cm, fill the gaps with seedlings.Pour water less or do not pour water early stage, and with short root, short stolon is main, and the later stage looks market conditions and irritates little water, not broad irrigation, and impose instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and promote the cauline leaf growth, form rational leaf area.
2, knot potato period management technology:
Main defloration, restraining the growth of seedlings, control excessive growth on the ground promotes that the stem tuber hypertrophy is a major measure, the later stage is noted water drainage and prevents blade early ageing.
The invention has the advantages that potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique is than conventional 10～15 days in advance results, the average 667m of producing
2Produce more than the bright potato 2000kg, comparison is saved artificial 4～5 workers according to (traditional cultivation method) volume increase more than 20%, saves 70 yuan of expenses such as machinery, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, increases income 150～200 yuan, and the effect of increasing income is very remarkable.70% potato piece is pushed grass aside and can be chosen receipts on native face, and is time saving and energy saving.Also can be according to the market demand, results have more market value in batches, and receipts are stayed little greatly, put furrow face grass after the receipts in order, do not hinder the continued growth of little potato piece.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the invention provides embodiment, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment:
Choose that the plot gesture is high and dry, soil is lax, soil layer is deep, slightly acidic sandy soil earth, area is 667m
2Organic fertilizer 2000kg, ash 250kg and mix superphosphate 25kg wherein 2/3 plough under plow layer in conjunction with ploughing, 1/3 concentrates ditch spread when opening seed furrow.
Eastern agricultural 303 small seed potatos of choosing about 40g place warm darkroom to carry out vernalization, 15～18 ℃ of preference temperatures, and relative air humidity is controlled at 70～80%, gives light scattering, forms the green sturdy bud of 0.5～1.5cm through 15～20d.
Change ridging, flat as high furrow duplicate rows cultivation, be convenient to cover the straw mulch film; Wide capable 70cm, narrow row 40cm, spacing in the rows 17～30cm furrow face width 80cm plants 5000 strains.
On smooth good furrow face, open the shallow ridges of the dark 5～6cm of two row, potato seed is pressed density requirements apart from putting in ditch, cut side up, eye faces down, and will concentrate the base manure of using to cover in potato seed, then with ready wheat straw or straw, grass point evenly covers on the whole furrow face the grass point, gently compacting or press fine earth, thickness 8～10cm, no light leak does not interspace, do not leak soil, add covering film at any time, real with soil pressure behind the film of shop along ditch.
Broadcast the back and can emerge in 15～20 days, in time rupture of membranes draws seedling, around fine earth compacting seedling.Look into seedling during height of seedling 6～10cm, fill the gaps with seedlings.Pour water less or do not pour water early stage, and with short root, short stolon is main, and the later stage looks market conditions and irritates little water, not broad irrigation, and impose instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and promote the cauline leaf growth, form rational leaf area.Defloration, restraining the growth of seedlings, control excessive growth on the ground promotes that the stem tuber hypertrophy is a major measure, the later stage is noted water drainage and prevents blade early ageing.
Potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique was gathered in the crops than conventional production in 10～15 days in advance, and 70% potato piece is pushed grass aside and can be chosen receipts on native face, volume increase is saved artificial 4～5 workers more than 20%, saves 70 yuan of expenses such as machinery, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, increase income 200 yuan, the effect of increasing income is very remarkable.
Claims (5)
1. a potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique is characterized in that on smooth good furrow face, opens the shallow ridges of the dark 5～6cm of two row, with potato seed press density requirements apart from the pendulum in ditch, cut side up, eye faces down, with concentrating the base manure of using to cover in potato seed, then with ready wheat straw or straw, the grass point evenly covers on the whole furrow face to the grass point, compacting or press fine earth gently, thickness 8～10cm, the no light leak that do not interspace does not leak soil, at any time add covering film, real with soil pressure behind the film of shop along ditch.
2. potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique according to claim 1, the smooth mode that it is characterized in that described furrow face is for changing ridging, and is flat as high furrow duplicate rows cultivation, is convenient to cover the straw mulch film; Wide row 60～70cm, narrow row 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 17～30cm furrow face width 75～80cm, the every 667m of 4000～6000 strains
2
3. potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique according to claim 1 is characterized in that described base manure is fertilizer 2000kg/667m
2, ash 200～250kg/667m
2With mix superphosphate 25kg/667m
2Mixture, wherein 2/3 plough under plow layer in conjunction with ploughing, 1/3 concentrates ditch spread when opening seed furrow.
4. potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described potato seed selects 30～50g small seed potato whole photo sowing result for use, stripping and slicing is answered in big potato seed, vernalization was carried out in preceding 1～2 day, every 1～2 eye, cut the 4～8h that dries in the air after the back is washed with cold water, plant the Gibberellins solution seed soaking 5～10min of small seed potato autumn with 1～2mg/kg, 1～the 2h that in the Gibberellins solution of 5～10mg/kg, soaks seed of the whole potato of the big potato seed of stripping and slicing, place warm darkroom to carry out vernalization then, 15～18 ℃ of preference temperatures, relative air humidity is controlled at 70～80%, give light scattering, formed the green sturdy bud of 0.5～1.5cm through 15～20 days.
5. potato straw mulching epiphragma culture technique according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described potato seed select precocity, high yield, disease-resistant, adaptability is strong, the detoxification kind that high yield and quality is good, preferred east is agricultural 303, draw No. 1 the Shandong.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201010545131XA CN102090253A (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Technology for cultivating potatoes by mulching straw and covering film |
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| CN201010545131XA CN102090253A (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Technology for cultivating potatoes by mulching straw and covering film |
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| CN102090253A true CN102090253A (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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| CN201010545131XA Pending CN102090253A (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Technology for cultivating potatoes by mulching straw and covering film |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102282993A (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2011-12-21 | 芒市农业技术推广中心 | Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings |
| CN103563607A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-12 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Cultivating method for potatoes |
| CN103650862A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 狄正兴 | Rice stubble spring potato high-ridge deep-groove anti-frost cultivation method |
| CN103999686A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-08-27 | 华南农业大学 | Method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in winter vacant paddy field in winter |
| CN104509389A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-15 | 昆山市玉山镇仕龙设计工作室 | Stressed seedling tuberization method of potato |
| CN104641895A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-27 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Potato flat-planting mulching film self-breaking seedling emergence cultivation method |
| CN105103913A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-02 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Double-row staggered planting method for potato |
| CN105960976A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 甘肃凯凯农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Early sowing potato planting method |
| CN106258406A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 松桃苗族自治县土肥站 | A kind of implantation methods of nuisanceless Radix Ipomoeae |
| CN106416779A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 安徽丰絮农业科技股份有限公司 | Three-film high-yield covering cultivating method for potatoes |
| CN106416702A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-22 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing flowering and setting efficiency of potato |
| CN106717257A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 佛山迅拓奥科技有限公司 | A kind of method for promoting hot environment Potato to blossom and bear fruit |
| CN107836311A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-27 | 杨欣仪 | A kind of implantation methods of organic sweet potato |
-
2010
- 2010-11-16 CN CN201010545131XA patent/CN102090253A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102282993A (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2011-12-21 | 芒市农业技术推广中心 | Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings |
| CN102282993B (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2012-10-03 | 芒市农业技术推广中心 | Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings |
| CN103563607A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-12 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | Cultivating method for potatoes |
| CN104509389A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-15 | 昆山市玉山镇仕龙设计工作室 | Stressed seedling tuberization method of potato |
| CN103650862A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 狄正兴 | Rice stubble spring potato high-ridge deep-groove anti-frost cultivation method |
| CN103999686A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-08-27 | 华南农业大学 | Method for controlling pomacea canaliculata by planting potatoes in winter vacant paddy field in winter |
| CN104641895A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-27 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Potato flat-planting mulching film self-breaking seedling emergence cultivation method |
| CN105103913A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-02 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Double-row staggered planting method for potato |
| CN105960976A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 甘肃凯凯农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Early sowing potato planting method |
| CN106258406A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 松桃苗族自治县土肥站 | A kind of implantation methods of nuisanceless Radix Ipomoeae |
| CN106416779A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 安徽丰絮农业科技股份有限公司 | Three-film high-yield covering cultivating method for potatoes |
| CN106416702A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-22 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing flowering and setting efficiency of potato |
| CN106717257A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 佛山迅拓奥科技有限公司 | A kind of method for promoting hot environment Potato to blossom and bear fruit |
| CN107836311A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-27 | 杨欣仪 | A kind of implantation methods of organic sweet potato |
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Application publication date: 20110615 |