CN112243809A - Plug seedling method for strawberries - Google Patents
Plug seedling method for strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN112243809A CN112243809A CN202011070112.6A CN202011070112A CN112243809A CN 112243809 A CN112243809 A CN 112243809A CN 202011070112 A CN202011070112 A CN 202011070112A CN 112243809 A CN112243809 A CN 112243809A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plug seedling method of strawberries, which mainly comprises seedbed field selection, plug selection, matrix assembly, cuttage, domestication and seedling management. By adopting the plug seedling method, plug centralized seedling is utilized, the plug utilization rate is high, the survival rate of strawberry seedlings is improved by a mode of seedling first and transplanting later, the purpose of no plant shortage of one plug is realized, the cultured strawberries can bloom in advance to harvest fruits, the marketing time of the strawberries is advanced, the yield of the strawberries is increased, the strawberry planting benefit can be greatly improved, and the market demand is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seedling culture, in particular to a plug seedling culture method of strawberries.
Background
Strawberry belongs to the genus strawberry of the family Rosaceae, is a perennial evergreen herbaceous plant, and belongs to berry fruit trees in horticulture. The strawberry is fresh, tender and succulent, sweet and sour, unique in flavor, rich in nutrition, short in cultivation period compared with other fruit trees, suitable for different facility cultivation, and high in economic benefit. The strawberry is heart-shaped, bright in color, soft and juicy, and aromatic in flavor. The berry has palatable sweet and sour taste and rich nutrition, and is vegetarian with the reputation of fruit queen. The strawberry is rich in amino acids, citric acid, malic acid, fructose, sucrose, glucose, pectin, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorus, and is nutritious.
The strawberries are planted in all places in China, but the strawberries are easily affected by factors such as climatic conditions, weed hazards, soil-borne diseases and the like, so that the number of germs is large, the quality of seedlings is continuously reduced, the yield and the quality of the strawberries are directly affected, and the healthy and continuous development of the strawberry industry is severely restricted. In order to ensure the yield of the strawberries and reduce the occurrence of diseases, soil turning and replanting are needed every year. Therefore, as the strawberry industry develops rapidly in recent years in China, more and more planters are used, the planting area is increased every year, the demand for strawberry seedlings and production seedlings is increased, the requirements for varieties and quality are increased, the market demand is very large, and the market demand cannot be met by adopting the conventional seedling raising technology. Meanwhile, with the development of science and technology, the industrial plug seedling technology adopted for horticultural crops such as vegetables and flowers is mature day by day, plug seedlings with different specifications and varieties are accepted and used by more and more broad growers, large-area popularization and application are not carried out in the technical field of strawberry plug seedling, most of strawberry seedling breeding works still adopt a flat-laying type matrix seedling culture mode, the occupied area is large, the seedling culture time is long, and the quality is different. In order to meet the requirements of the broad market, effectively save the occupied area, improve the seedling emergence amount, and avoid serious problems of disease transmission of the root system of pathogenic bacteria, root system aging and the like, the plug seedling method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a seedling raising method aiming at the problems in the background technology, which can effectively save the occupied area, greatly improve the seedling emergence amount and the seedling emergence quality, and effectively prevent the problems of germ root system disease transmission, root system aging and the like so as to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency seedling raising, in particular to a plug seedling raising method of strawberries.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a plug seedling method for strawberries mainly comprises the steps of seedbed field selection, plug selection, matrix assembly, cuttage, domestication and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedbed field: selecting a greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation facility, enabling a water path and an illumination facility in the greenhouse to be smooth, building a seedbed capable of containing a hole tray in the greenhouse, and disinfecting the selected seedbed field;
(2) selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 50 holes, wherein the plug tray is of a cuboid or cube structure, the height of the plug tray is 5-10 cm, and sterilizing the selected plug tray;
(3) assembling the matrix: filling the prepared substrate into the selected hole tray, wherein the filling amount of the substrate is 0.5-1 cm away from the top surface of the hole tray, and then sterilizing the hole tray filled with the substrate;
(4) cuttage: uniformly picking young seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests in a strawberry seedling raising field as cutting seedlings in the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the picked young seedlings are required to have 3-5 unfolded leaves and a small amount of primary roots, and then disinfecting the picked young seedlings; finally, inserting the disinfected plantlets into the center of each hole in the hole tray by using a plantlet pressing device, wherein each hole is provided with a plantlet in a cuttage mode;
(5) domestication: after cuttage, placing the plug trays on a seedbed in a greenhouse, building a layer of shading net on the seedbed, shading for 5-8 days, domesticating in a shading mode, removing the shading net after seedling slowing, and keeping the humidity of a substrate in the plug trays between 90-95% during domestication;
(6) managing in a seedling stage: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 21-25 ℃, spraying water once in the morning and at the evening every 1-2 days when domesticated cutting seedlings survive to 8 middle ten days, keeping the substrate humidity in the plug at 88-92%, pouring a rooting agent and a foliar fertilizer as nutrient solutions once every 7-10 days, and spraying a sterilizing solution once every 3 days to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests; after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, the humidity of the matrix in the plug tray is kept at 90-95% by a water spraying mode, the strawberry seedlings in the plug tray need to be subjected to light culture by adopting illumination facilities or natural light every day so as to promote early differentiation of flower buds of the strawberry seedlings, and when the strawberry seedlings in the plug tray are cultured to 8-10 cm in height, the strawberry seedlings can be transplanted and propagated.
Further, in the plug seedling method of strawberries, in the processes of the seedbed field selection in the step (1) and the plug seedling selection in the step (2), the potassium permanganate solution is adopted for disinfection treatment in a spraying mode, and the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5-0.8 g/L.
Further, in the plug seedling method of strawberries, in the step (3), during the assembly of the matrix, a potassium permanganate solution is adopted for primary disinfection treatment in a spraying mode, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5-0.8 g/L; and then carrying out secondary disinfection treatment by adopting sulfur powder, and uniformly mixing the sulfur powder and the matrix according to the mass ratio of 1: 50.
Further, in the plug seedling method of strawberries, in the assembly process of the matrix in the step (3), the matrix is formed by mixing 65-75% of coconut shell fabric and 25-35% of perlite in percentage by weight, and the volume weight of the matrix is 0.35-0.45 g/cm3Each cubic matrix contains 1.0-1.5 kg of total nitrogen N and total phosphorus P2O50.2-0.4 kg of potassium K 2O is 0.8-1.2 kg; and in the assembling process of the matrix, the pH value of the matrix is adjusted to 5.8-6.5 by a pH regulator.
Further, in the plug seedling method of strawberries, in the cutting process in the step (4), the disinfection treatment is to soak the picked seedlings in a detergent solution with the concentration of 10% for 10-15 min, and then wash the seedlings with clean water.
Further, in the plug seedling method of strawberries, in the management process of the seedling stage in the step (6), during the period that the domesticated cutting seedlings survive to 8 middle-aged days, the humidity of a substrate in the plug is controlled to be 90-92%, the rooting agent is a rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 20ppm, the foliar fertilizer is a humic acid foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 1.5-2.0 g/L, and the sterilizing solution is a chlorothalonil solution with the volume of 800 times of the solution or a carbendazim solution with the volume of 500 times of the solution.
Further, in the plug seedling method of strawberries, in the management process of the seedling stage in the step (6), after 8 middle ten days, the humidity of the substrate in the plug is kept at 92-94% by a water spraying mode, the strawberry seedlings in the plug are irradiated by light every day, the irradiation time is at least more than 10 hours but not more than 18 hours, so that the early differentiation of flower buds of the strawberry seedlings is promoted, and the purpose of quick and healthy seedling emergence is achieved.
Further, the plug seedling method of strawberries, provided by the invention, is characterized in that the light intensity of the light culture is 5000-15000 lux, wherein the light intensity at night is 1500-2000 lux lower than the natural light intensity in the daytime.
Compared with the prior art, the plug seedling method for strawberries has the beneficial effects that: the plug seedling is adopted, and the centralized seedling collection, centralized treatment and centralized cuttage can be carried out in one time or in batches according to the seedling raising capacity of the plug seedling, so that the specialized, industrialized and intensive management is facilitated, and the occupied area can be greatly reduced; meanwhile, the seedling emergence amount and the seedling emergence quality can be greatly improved through plug seedling, the cultivated strawberry seedlings are uniform and good, the transplanting and field planting after seedling emergence is facilitated, and the follow-up unified management is facilitated; in addition, the problems of pathogen root system disease transmission and root system aging can be effectively eradicated through plug seedling, thereby achieving the purpose of high-efficiency seedling culture. By adopting the plug seedling method, plug centralized seedling is utilized, the plug utilization rate is high, the survival rate of strawberry seedlings is improved by a mode of seedling first and transplanting later, the purpose of no plant shortage of one plug is realized, the cultured strawberries can bloom in advance to harvest fruits, the marketing time of the strawberries is advanced, the yield of the strawberries is increased, the strawberry planting benefit can be greatly improved, and the market demand is met.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further illustrated by way of examples in order to further illustrate the concept of the invention, which are given below by way of illustration, without limiting the scope of the invention thereto.
Example 1
A plug seedling method for strawberries mainly comprises the steps of seedbed field selection, plug selection, matrix assembly, cuttage, domestication and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedbed field: selecting a greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation facility, enabling a water path and an illumination facility in the greenhouse to be smooth, building a seedbed capable of containing a hole tray in the greenhouse, and disinfecting the selected seedbed field; the disinfection treatment is carried out by adopting a potassium permanganate solution in a spraying mode, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5 g/L.
(2) Selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 50 holes, wherein the plug tray is of a cuboid or cube structure, the height of the plug tray is 5cm, and sterilizing the selected plug tray; the disinfection treatment mode is the same as the disinfection treatment mode selected by the seedbed field in the step (1);
(3) assembling the matrix: filling the prepared substrate into the selected hole tray, wherein the filling amount of the substrate is 0.5-1 cm away from the top surface of the hole tray, and then sterilizing the hole tray filled with the substrate; the disinfection treatment is to adopt a potassium permanganate solution to carry out primary disinfection treatment in a spraying mode, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5 g/L; then, carrying out secondary disinfection treatment by adopting sulfur powder, and uniformly mixing the sulfur powder and the matrix according to the mass ratio of 1: 50; the matrix is formed by mixing 65 percent of coconut shell and 35 percent of perlite according to the following weight percentage, and the volume weight of the matrix is 0.35-0.40 g/cm3Each cubic matrix contains 1.0-1.2 kg of total nitrogen N and total phosphorus P2O50.2-0.3 kg of potassium K 2O is 0.8-1.0 kg; in the assembly process of the matrix, the pH is adjusted to 5.8-6.5 by a pH regulator;
(4) cuttage: uniformly picking young seedlings without diseases and insect pests in a strawberry seedling raising field as cutting seedlings in the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the picked young seedlings are required to have 3-5 unfolded leaves and a small amount of primary roots, and then sterilizing the picked young seedlings, wherein the sterilizing treatment is to soak the picked young seedlings in a detergent solution with the concentration of 10% for 10-15 min, and then washing the young seedlings with clear water; finally, inserting the disinfected plantlets into the center of each hole in the hole tray by using a plantlet pressing device, wherein each hole is provided with a plantlet in a cuttage mode;
(5) domestication: after cuttage, placing the plug trays on a seedbed in a greenhouse, building a layer of shading net on the seedbed, shading for 5-8 days, domesticating in a shading mode, removing the shading net after seedling slowing, and keeping the substrate humidity in the plug trays between 90-92% during domestication;
(6) managing in a seedling stage: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 21-25 ℃, spraying water once in the morning and at the evening every 1-2 days when domesticated cutting seedlings survive to 8 middle-of-the-month days, keeping the substrate humidity in the plug at 88-90%, pouring a rooting agent and a foliar fertilizer as nutrient solutions once every 7-10 days, and spraying a sterilizing solution once every 3 days for pest control, wherein the rooting agent is a rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 20ppm, the foliar fertilizer is a humic acid foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 1.5g/L, and the sterilizing solution is a chlorothalonil solution with the concentration of 800 times or a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 500 times; after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, keeping the humidity of the matrix in the plug at 90-92% by a water spraying mode, and performing light culture on the strawberry seedlings in the plug by adopting an illumination facility or natural light every day, wherein the light culture is to perform illumination on the strawberry seedlings in the plug every day, the illumination intensity is 5000-15000 lux, and the illumination intensity at night is 1500-2000 lux lower than the natural illumination intensity in the daytime; the illumination time is at least more than 10 hours but not more than 18 hours, so that the flower bud of the strawberry seedlings is promoted to be differentiated in advance, the aim of quick and healthy seedling emergence is fulfilled, and the strawberry seedlings can be transplanted and propagated when being cultivated to the height of 8cm in the hole tray.
Example 2
A plug seedling method for strawberries mainly comprises the steps of seedbed field selection, plug selection, matrix assembly, cuttage, domestication and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedbed field: selecting a greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation facility, enabling a water path and an illumination facility in the greenhouse to be smooth, building a seedbed capable of containing a hole tray in the greenhouse, and disinfecting the selected seedbed field; the disinfection treatment is carried out by adopting a potassium permanganate solution in a spraying mode, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.6 g/L.
(2) Selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 50 holes, wherein the plug tray is of a cuboid or cube structure, the height of the plug tray is 8cm, and sterilizing the selected plug tray; the disinfection treatment mode is the same as the disinfection treatment mode selected by the seedbed field in the step (1);
(3) assembling the matrix: filling the prepared substrate into the selected hole tray, wherein the filling amount of the substrate is 0.5-1 cm away from the top surface of the hole tray, and then sterilizing the hole tray filled with the substrate; the disinfection treatment is to adopt a potassium permanganate solution to carry out primary disinfection treatment in a spraying mode, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5 g/L; then, carrying out secondary disinfection treatment by adopting sulfur powder, and uniformly mixing the sulfur powder and the matrix according to the mass ratio of 1: 50; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing 70 percent of coconut oil and 30 percent of perlite according to the following weight percentage, and the volume weight of the matrix is 0.38-0.42 g/cm3And each cubic matrix contains 1.2-1.4 kg of total nitrogen N and total phosphorus P2O50.25-0.35 kg of potassium K 2O is 0.9-1.1 kg; in the assembly process of the matrix, the pH is adjusted to 5.8-6.5 by a pH regulator;
(4) cuttage: uniformly picking young seedlings without diseases and insect pests in a strawberry seedling raising field as cutting seedlings in the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the picked young seedlings are required to have 3-5 unfolded leaves and a small amount of primary roots, and then sterilizing the picked young seedlings, wherein the sterilizing treatment is to soak the picked young seedlings in a detergent solution with the concentration of 10% for 10-15 min, and then washing the young seedlings with clear water; finally, inserting the disinfected plantlets into the center of each hole in the hole tray by using a plantlet pressing device, wherein each hole is provided with a plantlet in a cuttage mode;
(5) domestication: after cuttage, placing the plug trays on a seedbed in a greenhouse, building a layer of shading net on the seedbed, shading for 5-8 days, domesticating in a shading mode, removing the shading net after seedling slowing, and keeping the substrate humidity in the plug trays between 92-94% during domestication;
(6) managing in a seedling stage: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 21-25 ℃, spraying water once in the morning and at the evening every 1-2 days when domesticated cutting seedlings survive to 8 middle-of-the-month days, keeping the humidity of a substrate in a plug at 90-92%, pouring a rooting agent and a foliar fertilizer as nutrient solutions once every 7-10 days, and spraying a sterilizing solution once every 3 days for pest control, wherein the rooting agent is a rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 20ppm, the foliar fertilizer is a humic acid foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 1.8g/L, and the sterilizing solution is a chlorothalonil solution with the concentration of 800 times or a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 500 times; after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, keeping the humidity of the matrix in the plug at 92-94% by a water spraying mode, and performing light culture on the strawberry seedlings in the plug by adopting an illumination facility or natural light every day, wherein the light culture is to perform illumination on the strawberry seedlings in the plug every day, the illumination intensity is 5000-15000 lux, and the illumination intensity at night is 1500-2000 lux lower than the natural illumination intensity in the daytime; the illumination time is at least more than 10 hours but not more than 18 hours, so that the flower bud of the strawberry seedlings is promoted to be differentiated in advance, the aim of quick and healthy seedling emergence is fulfilled, and the strawberry seedlings can be transplanted and propagated when being cultivated to be as high as 9 cm in the plug tray.
Example 3
A plug seedling method for strawberries mainly comprises the steps of seedbed field selection, plug selection, matrix assembly, cuttage, domestication and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedbed field: selecting a greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation facility, enabling a water path and an illumination facility in the greenhouse to be smooth, building a seedbed capable of containing a hole tray in the greenhouse, and disinfecting the selected seedbed field; the disinfection treatment is carried out by adopting a potassium permanganate solution in a spraying mode, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.8 g/L.
(2) Selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 50 holes, wherein the plug tray is of a cuboid or cube structure, the height of the plug tray is 10cm, and sterilizing the selected plug tray; the disinfection treatment mode is the same as the disinfection treatment mode selected by the seedbed field in the step (1);
(3) assembling the matrix: filling the prepared substrate into the selected hole tray, wherein the filling amount of the substrate is 0.5-1 cm away from the top surface of the hole tray, and then filling the substrateDisinfecting the qualitative hole tray; the disinfection treatment is to adopt a potassium permanganate solution to carry out primary disinfection treatment in a spraying mode, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5 g/L; then, carrying out secondary disinfection treatment by adopting sulfur powder, and uniformly mixing the sulfur powder and the matrix according to the mass ratio of 1: 50; wherein the matrix is formed by mixing 75 percent of coconut shell fabric and 25 percent of perlite according to the following weight percentage, and the volume weight of the matrix is 0.40-0.45 g/cm3And each cubic matrix contains 1.3-1.5 kg of total nitrogen N and total phosphorus P2O50.3-0.4 kg of potassium K 2O is 1.0-1.2 kg; in the assembly process of the matrix, the pH is adjusted to 5.8-6.5 by a pH regulator;
(4) cuttage: uniformly picking young seedlings without diseases and insect pests in a strawberry seedling raising field as cutting seedlings in the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the picked young seedlings are required to have 3-5 unfolded leaves and a small amount of primary roots, and then sterilizing the picked young seedlings, wherein the sterilizing treatment is to soak the picked young seedlings in a detergent solution with the concentration of 10% for 10-15 min, and then washing the young seedlings with clear water; finally, inserting the disinfected plantlets into the center of each hole in the hole tray by using a plantlet pressing device, wherein each hole is provided with a plantlet in a cuttage mode;
(5) domestication: after cuttage, placing the plug trays on a seedbed in a greenhouse, building a layer of shading net on the seedbed, shading for 5-8 days, domesticating in a shading mode, removing the shading net after seedling slowing, and keeping the humidity of a substrate in the plug trays between 93-95% during domestication;
(6) managing in a seedling stage: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 21-25 ℃, spraying water once in the morning and at the evening every 1-2 days during the period when domesticated cutting seedlings survive to 8 middle-late months, keeping the humidity of a substrate in a plug at 90-92%, pouring a rooting agent and a foliar fertilizer as nutrient solutions once every 7-10 days, and spraying a sterilizing solution once every 3 days for pest control, wherein the rooting agent is a rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 20ppm, the foliar fertilizer is a humic acid foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 2.0g/L, and the sterilizing solution is a chlorothalonil solution with the concentration of 800 times or a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 500 times; after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, keeping the humidity of the matrix in the plug at 93-95% by a water spraying mode, and performing light culture on the strawberry seedlings in the plug by adopting an illumination facility or natural light every day, wherein the light culture is to perform illumination on the strawberry seedlings in the plug every day, the illumination intensity is 5000-15000 lux, and the illumination intensity at night is 1500-2000 lux lower than the natural illumination intensity in the daytime; the illumination time is at least more than 10 hours but not more than 18 hours, so that the flower bud of the strawberry seedlings is promoted to be differentiated in advance, the aim of quick and healthy seedling emergence is fulfilled, and the strawberry seedlings can be transplanted and propagated when being cultivated to the height of 10cm in the hole tray.
By adopting the plug seedling method, a greenhouse and a corresponding seedbed are required to be built in advance, and a plug for seedling is manufactured or purchased. Before seedling raising, the field, the seedbed and the plug are required to be disinfected thoroughly, meanwhile, the prepared substrate is required to be disinfected, and the selected cutting seedlings are required to be disinfected in the seedling raising process, so that the problems of disease and insect pest generation caused by production and germs, root system disease transmission of germs and root system aging are effectively reduced, and the purpose of high-efficiency seedling raising is achieved; finally, through seedling management, artificial control is carried out from aspects of illumination, humidity, temperature and the like so as to achieve the purposes of good seedling and healthy seedling culture, 50 finished seedlings can be cultured in one plug tray, and market requirements can be met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made by using the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A plug seedling method of strawberries is characterized in that: the seedling raising method mainly comprises the steps of seedbed field selection, plug selection, substrate assembly, cuttage, domestication and seedling management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedbed field: selecting a greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation facility, enabling a water path and an illumination facility in the greenhouse to be smooth, building a seedbed capable of containing a hole tray in the greenhouse, and disinfecting the selected seedbed field;
(2) selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 50 holes, wherein the plug tray is of a cuboid or cube structure, the height of the plug tray is 5-10 cm, and sterilizing the selected plug tray;
(3) assembling the matrix: filling the prepared substrate into the selected hole tray, wherein the filling amount of the substrate is 0.5-1 cm away from the top surface of the hole tray, and then sterilizing the hole tray filled with the substrate;
(4) cuttage: uniformly picking young seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests in a strawberry seedling raising field as cutting seedlings in the middle ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days of 7 months, wherein the picked young seedlings are required to have 3-5 unfolded leaves and a small amount of primary roots, and then disinfecting the picked young seedlings; finally, inserting the disinfected plantlets into the center of each hole in the hole tray by using a plantlet pressing device, wherein each hole is provided with a plantlet in a cuttage mode;
(5) domestication: after cuttage, placing the plug trays on a seedbed in a greenhouse, building a layer of shading net on the seedbed, shading for 5-8 days, domesticating in a shading mode, removing the shading net after seedling slowing, and keeping the humidity of a substrate in the plug trays between 90-95% during domestication;
(6) managing in a seedling stage: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 21-25 ℃, spraying water once in the morning and at the evening every 1-2 days when domesticated cutting seedlings survive to 8 middle ten days, keeping the substrate humidity in the plug at 88-92%, pouring a rooting agent and a foliar fertilizer as nutrient solutions once every 7-10 days, and spraying a sterilizing solution once every 3 days to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests; after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, the humidity of the matrix in the plug tray is kept at 90-95% by a water spraying mode, the strawberry seedlings in the plug tray need to be subjected to light culture by adopting illumination facilities or natural light every day so as to promote early differentiation of flower buds of the strawberry seedlings, and when the strawberry seedlings in the plug tray are cultured to 8-10 cm in height, the strawberry seedlings can be transplanted and propagated.
2. The plug seedling method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the seedbed field selection and the plug selection in the step (2) of step (1), the disinfection treatment is carried out by adopting a potassium permanganate solution in a spraying mode, and the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5-0.8 g/L.
3. The plug seedling method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the assembly process of the substrate in the step (3), the disinfection treatment is performed by firstly spraying a potassium permanganate solution, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5-0.8 g/L; and then carrying out secondary disinfection treatment by adopting sulfur powder, and uniformly mixing the sulfur powder and the matrix according to the mass ratio of 1: 50.
4. The plug seedling method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the assembly process of the matrix in the step (3), the matrix is formed by mixing 65-75% of coconut shell fabric and 25-35% of perlite in percentage by weight, and the volume weight of the matrix is 0.35-0.45 g/cm3Each cubic matrix contains 1.0-1.5 kg of total nitrogen N and total phosphorus P2O50.2-0.4 kg of potassium K 2O is 0.8-1.2 kg; and in the assembling process of the matrix, the pH value of the matrix is adjusted to 5.8-6.5 by a pH regulator.
5. The plug seedling method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the cutting process in the step (4), the disinfection treatment is to soak the picked seedlings in a detergent solution with the concentration of 10% for 10-15 min, and then to wash the seedlings with clear water.
6. The plug seedling method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the management process of the seedling stage in the step (6), when the domesticated cutting seedlings survive to 8 middle-of-the-month, the humidity of a substrate in a plug tray is controlled to be 90-92%, the rooting agent is a rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 20ppm, the foliar fertilizer is 1.5-2.0 g/L humic acid foliar fertilizer, and the sterilization liquid is 800 times of chlorothalonil solution or 500 times of carbendazim solution.
7. The plug seedling method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the management process of the seedling stage in the step (6), after 8 middle-of-month, the humidity of the substrate in the plug tray is kept at 92-94% by a water spraying mode, the light culture is to irradiate the strawberry seedlings in the plug tray every day for at least more than 10 hours but not more than 18 hours, so that the early differentiation of flower buds of the strawberry seedlings is promoted, and the purpose of quick and healthy seedling emergence is achieved.
8. The plug seedling method of strawberries as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the illumination intensity of the light culture is 5000-15000 lux, wherein the illumination intensity at night is 1500-2000 lux lower than the natural illumination intensity in the daytime.
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