JP2012244946A - Planning cultivation method of strawberry - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a planning cultivation method of strawberry in which the strawberry can be cultured so that the peak period of a strawberry yield amount may correspond to the peak period of a strawberry requirement that appears two or more times through a year.SOLUTION: In the strawberry planning cultivation method, a raising seedling period setting to move a second flowering period of a new bulb back and forth, a regular planting period setting to move a first flowering period back and forth by moving a regular planting period back and forth, and a solar radiation setting after regular planting to move the second flowering period of a new bulb are performed, thereby the peak period of a strawberry yield amount after the first flowering period of a new bulb is made to correspond to one peak period in peak periods of requirement, and the peak period of a strawberry yield amount after the second flowering period of the new bulb is made to correspond to the other peak period of requirement.

Description

  The present invention relates to a strawberry planned cultivation method capable of adjusting a strawberry yield in accordance with changes in strawberry demand throughout the year.

  Institutional horticulture (house cultivation) is characterized by the fact that the harvesting time (shipping time) of products such as strawberries can be adjusted more easily than by outdoor cultivation by artificially controlling the cultivation environment conditions. Intensive cultivation has been established to accelerate the period of about a month. For example, as described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-322759), forcing cultivation of strawberries and the like is performed by planting seedlings whose flower bud differentiation is promoted by dark / low temperature treatment. Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-272262) proposes that the strawberry planted in the cultivation bed is cooled by a strawberry cultivation cooling device to advance the harvest time from September to August when the temperature is high. Has been.

  On the other hand, in Patent Literature 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-90614), in order to be able to cultivate strawberries over the years in strawberry house cultivation, while maintaining the ground temperature around the strawberry planting part at a predetermined temperature, It describes that a short-day treatment of 8 to 10 hours is performed during a high-temperature long-day period. Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-178944) describes a hydroponic cultivation method for strawberries that performs short-day treatment or the like to stably increase the fruit yield.

  As described above, as conventional strawberry house cultivation, forcing cultivation that controls temperature and solar radiation amount and accelerates harvesting time (shipping time) by a period of about a month has been established. Attempts have also been made to maintain a stable yield.

JP 7-322759 A JP 2002-272262 A JP-A-6-90614 JP-A-10-178944

  Here, the demand for strawberries is not constant throughout the year, and peaks appear multiple times at different times. For example, in the strawberry orchard, demand peaks occur during the Christmas period in December, the strawberry picking period during the spring vacation from February to March, and the strawberry picking period during the consecutive holidays in May. Among these, demand is particularly large during the period from February to March and during the consecutive holidays in May.

  However, in the conventional strawberry cultivation method, no attention is paid to cultivating so as to obtain a harvest amount according to a change with time of the demand for strawberry throughout the year. In addition, there is no proposal for a planned production method according to such a change in demand. Furthermore, in the conventional forcing cultivation, although the harvesting time can be advanced by about a month, it is impossible to adjust the harvesting time for a shorter period, for example, weekly or daily.

  For this reason, in the strawberry orchard, there is a situation in which the strawberry is insufficient and must be closed during the period between February and March, when demand is highest, and during the consecutive holidays in May. Of course, it is sufficient to grow a large amount of strawberry seedlings to cope with the peak of demand, but in this way, price collapse occurs and excessive fruit disposal is necessary during periods other than the peak of demand. This is not a realistic solution.

  The subject of this invention is the plan cultivation method of the strawberry which can grow a strawberry so that the peak period of a strawberry yield may correspond to the peak period of the strawberry demand which appears several times throughout the year in view of such a point. It is to propose.

  Moreover, the subject of this invention is to propose the planned cultivation method of the strawberry which can adjust a strawberry yield according to the change of a strawberry demand throughout the year.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the planned cultivation method for strawberries according to the present invention is the cultivation of strawberries so that the peak period of the strawberry yield appears in accordance with the peak period of strawberry demand that appears at different times throughout the year. To do
(1) A nursery period setting in which the second flowering time of the child stock is shifted back and forth by adjusting the seedling growth period from the time when the child stock separated from the parent strain is planted on the nursery bed until it is transplanted to the fixed planting bed,
(2) Shifting the planting time for transplanting the seedlings after raising seedlings to the fixed planting floor by shifting the planting time back and forth, and (3) Increasing or decreasing the amount of solar radiation for the planted plants after planting By setting the amount of solar radiation to shift the second flowering time of the child stock back and forth,
By setting at least (1) and (2), or at least setting (2) and (3),
The peak period of the strawberry yield after the first flowering of the child stock is matched with one of the peak periods of the demand, and the peak period of the strawberry yield after the second flowering of the child strain is the peak of the demand. It is characterized by matching with another peak period of the period.

  The number of days required from the fixed planting of the strawberry seedling to the first flowering (flowering rate 60%) is determined according to the kind of seedling, and is generally about 60 days. In order to match the peak time of strawberry fruit harvest with the peak time of strawberry demand, it is common practice to adjust the seedling time after the first flowering by adjusting the planting time of strawberry seedlings. However, since the required number of days from the planting of the strawberry seedling to the second flowering cannot be adjusted weekly or daily, the fruiting time after the second flowering cannot be adjusted to the next peak time of strawberry demand.

  In the present invention, the planting time is set in advance to adjust the fruiting time after the first flowering, and at least one of the seedling raising period setting and the solar radiation amount setting (shading rate setting) is performed in advance, The number of days required until flowering is adjusted. As a result of observing the growth state of strawberry seedlings under various cultivating environmental conditions and analyzing the characteristics of the seedlings, the present inventor found that there was a significant difference between the seedling raising period and the number of days required from the planting date to the second flowering. I found that there is a relationship.

  That is, it was confirmed that when the seedling period was increased or decreased, the seedling characteristics changed accordingly, and the temporal change characteristics of the flowering rate after planting changed. In particular, if the planting time is the same, it was confirmed that if the seedling period is long, the second flowering time is advanced, and if the seedling period is short, the second flowering time is delayed. In addition, it was confirmed that the second flowering time can be changed around the day by increasing or decreasing the seedling raising period. In any case, it was also confirmed that almost no change was observed in the first flowering time.

  Moreover, when this inventor makes the same except for the amount of solar radiation (shading rate) among the cultivation conditions after planting, no change is seen in the first flowering time by changing the amount of solar radiation (shading rate). It was found that the second flowering time can be adjusted weekly or daily. For example, it was confirmed that the second flowering time was delayed by about 35 days when the amount of solar radiation was shaded by 30%.

  The planned cultivation method for strawberries of the present invention was made based on the above findings by the present inventor, can adjust the first flowering time by setting the planting time in advance, the seedling period and the shading rate after planting By setting in advance, only the second flowering time can be adjusted without changing the first flowering time. As a result, it becomes possible to plan and cultivate the strawberry so that the fruiting time after the first flowering and the fruiting time after the second flowering coincide with the two peak periods of strawberry demand, respectively. Therefore, according to the present invention, strawberries can be efficiently harvested (shipped) using the same number of strawberry seedlings as in the conventional cultivation method.

  Here, if the settings of (1), (2) and (3) are performed together, the peak period of the strawberry yield after the first flowering of the child strain is set as one of the peak periods of demand. The planned cultivation in which the peak period of the strawberry yield after the second flowering of the child stock is matched with another peak period of the demand peak period can be accurately performed in units of weeks or days.

In actual planned cultivation, the following characteristics (a), (b) and (c) may be obtained in advance. For example, strawberry seedlings may be actually cultivated while changing the seedling raising period and the light shielding rate under predetermined cultivation conditions, and the growth state may be observed.
(A) A first flowering rate change characteristic over time that represents a change in the flowering rate with the passage of time after planting of the child stock when the seedling period of the child strain is changed (b) From the planting time to the first flowering time of the child stock The required number of days (c) The second flowering rate change characteristic over time, which represents the change in the flowering rate with the passage of time after planting of the child stock when the amount of solar radiation after the planting of the child stock is changed

  And based on the characteristics of these (a), (b) and (c), the peak period of the strawberry yield after the first flowering of the child strain coincides with one of the peak periods of demand, and the child strain The seedling period adjustment, the planting time adjustment, and the solar radiation amount adjustment may be performed so that the peak period of the strawberry yield after the second flowering coincides with another peak period of the demand peak period.

  Next, in order to increase or decrease the total yield of strawberries so as to match the change in strawberry demand throughout the year, the strawberry seedlings are divided into multiple groups with different characteristics. Adjustment (irradiance adjustment) may be performed individually. This makes it possible to increase / decrease the yield (shipment amount) of strawberries more accurately and to respond to changes in strawberry demand throughout the year.

On the other hand, after the planting, actually observe the growth of the child strain, and according to the observed growth, the solar radiation amount adjustment (shading rate adjustment), the temperature adjustment of the cultivation environment and the CO ₂ concentration adjustment, It is desirable to control the actual growth rate of the stock. For example, if the growth is delayed from a predetermined growth state, the amount of solar radiation may be increased, and the environmental temperature and CO ₂ concentration may be increased to recover the growth delay. Conversely, if the actual growth is too fast, the amount of solar radiation may be reduced, the ambient temperature and the CO ₂ concentration may be lowered to delay the growth. In this way, by adjusting the growth rate (flowering rate change) of the child stock, it becomes possible to obtain a strawberry yield that matches the strawberry demand more accurately.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the strawberry planned cultivation method of this invention. It is a graph which shows the change of the 2nd flowering time resulting from a light-shielding rate. It is a graph which shows the change of the 2nd flowering time resulting from a seedling raising period.

  Below, with reference to drawings, embodiment of the planned cultivation method of the strawberry which applied this invention is described.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a planned cultivation method for strawberries according to the present invention. As shown in this figure, the cultivation of strawberries is roughly divided into a seedling growth period P1 in which seedlings of a parent strain are planted in a medium and runners are proliferated, a seedling growth period P2 in which seedlings of child stocks obtained by the growth are grown, and seedlings It consists of a cultivation period P3 in which seedlings of later child stocks are transplanted to a fixed planting bed and cultivated. In the cultivation period P3, flowering, pollination, fruiting, and harvesting are repeated.

  In the uppermost first stage of FIG. 1, the growth state of the strawberry seedling in the case of performing seedling multiplication, seedling raising and cultivation according to the predetermined basic conditions is shown along the time axis. t1 is the parent plant seedling planting time, t2 is the child plant seedling planting time, t3 is the seedling planting time, t4 is the first flowering time (flowering rate 60%), and t5 is the second flowering time (flowering rate 60%). It is. In addition, the first harvest period h1 after the first flowering and the second harvest period h2 after the second flowering are indicated by diagonal lines.

  In the second stage of FIG. 1, when the amount of solar radiation in the cultivation period P3 is reduced to 70% compared to the case of the first stage, in other words, the growth state of the strawberry seedling when the shading rate is 30%. It is shown. The cultivation conditions other than the light blocking rate are the same as the basic conditions of the first stage. Increasing the shading rate does not change the first flowering time, but the second flowering time can delay the time t5 to the time t5b. As a result, the second harvest period after the second flowering can be delayed from the period h2 to h2b as a whole.

  The third row in FIG. 1 shows the growth state of the strawberry seedling when the seedling raising period T (between time t2 and time t3) is longer than that in the first row. The other conditions are the same as the first stage cultivation conditions. If the seedling period is lengthened, the first flowering time does not change, but the second flowering time can be advanced from time t5 to time t5a. As a result, the second harvesting period after the second flowering can be accelerated from the period h2 to h2a as a whole.

  Here, in each cultivation condition of the 1st stage, the 2nd stage, and the 3rd stage, since the fixed planting time t3 of those strawberry seedlings is the same, the 1st flowering time t4 remains the same time. . That is, it is hardly affected by either the light shielding rate during the cultivation period or the length of the seedling raising period. Therefore, the first harvest period h1 after the first flowering can be determined by the planting time t3.

  As a result, as shown in the fourth stage of FIG. 1, since the fruits can be harvested simultaneously from the first to third stage strawberry seedlings in the first harvest period h1, the harvest in the harvest period The amount is the largest. Thereafter, the peak of the harvest amount appears in the early second harvest period h2a, the normal second harvest period h2, and the delayed second harvest period h2b. Therefore, when the same kind of strawberry seedlings are cultivated at the same fixed planting time, by changing the seedling period and changing the characteristics of the seedlings, and adjusting the shading rate (irradiation amount) in the cultivation period, it is possible to A peak in yield can be formed.

  Thereby, for example, strawberries can be harvested in accordance with the demand for strawberries in which a plurality of peak periods appear at different times throughout the year as depicted in the lowermost fifth row of FIG. In addition, when the light shielding rate and the seedling raising period are adjusted, the harvesting period can be adjusted back and forth with higher accuracy than when other cultivation conditions are adjusted. That is, it is possible to adjust the harvesting period, which has conventionally been adjusted only on a monthly basis, on a daily or weekly basis.

  Here, FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of changes in the time-varying characteristics of the flowering rate of strawberry seedlings due to the shading rate performed by the present inventors. In this figure, the solid line A shows the change in flowering rate when strawberry seedlings are cultivated at a predetermined amount of solar radiation, and the broken line B shows the flowering rate of strawberry seedlings when the amount of solar radiation is 30% shaded (light shielding rate 30%). It shows the change of. The first flowering time point t4 (flowering rate 60%) is almost the same time period, but the second flowering time point is the time point t5 when the amount of solar radiation is large (light shielding rate 30%). ) Has shifted to time t5b, which is about 35 days later.

  Next, FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a change in the time-dependent change characteristic of the flowering rate of the strawberry seedling due to the seedling raising period performed by the present inventor. In this figure, curve I shows the case where the seedling period is 43 days and the planting time is August 6th, curve II shows the case where the seedling period is 42 days and the planting time is July 31st, and curve III shows the case of the seedling raising The period is 41 days and the planting time is August 2, and curve IV shows the case where the seedling period is 51 days and the planting time is August 20.

  Comparing these curves, the first flowering time appears at a time that fluctuates according to before and after the approximate planting time, regardless of the difference in the seedling raising period. In contrast, the second flowering time point does not correspond to the order before and after the planting time, and is greatly influenced by the length of the seedling raising period. For example, in the curve IV with the longest seedling period and the slowest planting time, the second flowering time is accelerated and is continuous with the first flowering.

Therefore, in the planned cultivation of strawberries, the following characteristics (a), (b) and (c) are obtained in advance.
(A) The first flowering rate change characteristic over time that represents the change in the flowering rate with the passage of time after the planting of the child stock when the seedling period of the child stock is changed (b) From the planting time to the first flowering time of the child stock The required number of days (c) When the amount of solar radiation after planting is changed, the second flowering rate change characteristic with time, which represents the change in the flowering rate with the passage of time after planting of the child stock. These (a), (b) and ( Based on the characteristics of c), the peak period of the strawberry yield after the first flowering of the child strain coincides with one of the peak periods of demand, and the peak period of the strawberry yield after the second flowering of the child strain The seedling raising period and the fixed planting time may be set in advance so as to coincide with another peak period of the demand peak period. Moreover, what is necessary is just to preset the solar radiation amount (light-shielding rate) in a cultivation period.

  Also, in order to be able to respond to strawberry demand that appears at different peak periods, a large number of child stocks are divided into multiple groups, and the total of each group in response to changes in strawberry demand throughout the year. What is necessary is just to set the seedling raising period, the fixed planting time, and the solar radiation amount (light-shielding rate) with respect to each group individually for every group so that the amount of strawberry harvest may increase / decrease. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, strawberry seedlings may be divided into three groups of the first stage, the second stage, and the third stage, and the respective seedlings and cultivation conditions may be set.

Furthermore, during the cultivation period of the strawberry seedling, the growth state of the strawberry seedling may be observed, and the growth rate of the seedling may be adjusted by adjusting the cultivation environment conditions according to the growth state. In this case, the growth rate of the strawberry seedling can be efficiently controlled by adjusting the amount of solar radiation, adjusting the temperature of the cultivation environment, and adjusting the CO ₂ concentration.

  In addition, in said description, in order to understand easily, it demonstrated on the assumption that a strawberry seedling was a single kind. If different types of strawberry seedlings are used, the seedling characteristics are different, and the seedling characteristics change due to the breeding period and the seedling characteristics change due to the shading rate are also different. Therefore, the seedling raising period and the shading rate may be set appropriately in accordance with the characteristics of each seedling.

P1 Seedling growth period P2 Raising seedling period P3 Cultivation period t1 Planting time t2 Parent planting time t3 Planting time t4 First flowering time t5, t5a, t5b Second flowering time h1 First harvest period h2, h2a, h2b Second harvest period

Claims (5)

A planned cultivation method for strawberries in which strawberries are grown so that the peak period of strawberry yield appears in accordance with the peak period of strawberry demand multiple times appearing at different times throughout the year,
(1) A nursery period setting in which the second flowering time of the child stock is shifted back and forth by adjusting the seedling growth period from the time when the child stock separated from the parent strain is planted on the nursery bed until it is transplanted to the fixed planting bed,
(2) Shifting the planting time for transplanting the seedlings after raising seedlings to the fixed planting floor by shifting the planting time back and forth, and (3) Increasing or decreasing the amount of solar radiation for the planted plants after planting By setting the amount of solar radiation to shift the second flowering time of the child stock back and forth,
By setting at least (1) and (2), or at least setting (2) and (3),
The peak period of the strawberry yield after the first flowering of the child stock is matched with one of the peak periods of the demand, and the peak period of the strawberry yield after the second flowering of the child strain is the peak of the demand. A planned cultivation method of strawberries characterized by matching with another peak period of the period. In claim 1,
By performing the setting of (1), (2) and (3) above, the peak period of the strawberry yield after the first flowering of the child strain is made to coincide with one of the peak periods of the demand. The planned cultivation method for strawberries, wherein the peak period of the strawberry yield after the second flowering of the child stock is matched with another peak period of the peak period of the demand. In claim 2,
The following characteristics (a), (b) and (c) are obtained in advance,
(A) A first flowering rate change characteristic over time that represents a change in the flowering rate with the passage of time after planting of the child stock when the seedling period of the child strain is changed (b) From the planting time to the first flowering time of the child stock The required number of days (c) The 2nd flowering rate change characteristic over time which shows the change of the flowering rate with the passage of time after the planting of the child stock when the amount of solar radiation after the planting of the child plant is changed These (a), (b) And the peak period of the strawberry yield after the first flowering of the child strain matches one of the peak periods of the demand based on the characteristics of (c), and the strawberry harvest after the second flowering of the child strain The planned cultivation method for strawberries, wherein the seedling period setting, the planting time setting, and the solar radiation amount setting are performed so that a peak period of the amount coincides with another peak period of the demand peak period. In claim 3,
Divide a large number of the above-mentioned stocks into a plurality of groups,
In order to increase or decrease the total strawberry yield of each group in response to changes in strawberry demand throughout the year, the seedling period adjustment, the planting time adjustment, and the solar radiation amount adjustment for each group are performed individually for each group. A planned strawberry cultivation method. In any one of claims 1 to 3,
Observe the growth of the above-mentioned stock after planting,
The planned cultivation method of strawberries characterized by controlling the actual growth rate of the above-mentioned stock by performing the solar radiation amount adjustment, the temperature adjustment of the cultivation environment, and the CO ₂ concentration adjustment according to the growth state.

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