CN105191764A - Planting method for cultivating strawberries by using foam boxes - Google Patents
Planting method for cultivating strawberries by using foam boxes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105191764A CN105191764A CN201510513116.XA CN201510513116A CN105191764A CN 105191764 A CN105191764 A CN 105191764A CN 201510513116 A CN201510513116 A CN 201510513116A CN 105191764 A CN105191764 A CN 105191764A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for cultivating strawberries by using foam boxes. The planting method comprises the steps of selecting an appropriate box body, preparing a matrix, disinfecting the matrix, carrying out fixed planting, nutritive water, temperature and humidity and pest management, and the like, especially after a foam box of an appropriate specification is selected, drilling 4-6 air holes with diameters of 1.5-2cm in the bottom of the box, and then adding a disinfected matrix (prepared from grass carbon, vermiculite, perlite and wormcast in a ratio of 1 to 1 to 1 to 1), thus obtaining strawberries which are green, safe, bright in color, sweet in taste, good in flavor, large in fruit, good in quality and high in yield. The planting method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the method is simple, clean, reusable, economical and practical, and the like; and the adverse effects of saline-alkali land cultivation on the quality and yield of strawberries can be avoided, and strawberries can be cultivated as potted plants for enjoying of citizens.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to a kind of implantation methods, especially a kind of implantation methods adopting bubble chamber planting strawberry.
Background technology
Strawberry (Fragariaananassa.Duch), it is the herbaceous plant of the rose family (Rosaceae) Fragaria (Fragaria) perennial evergreen, strawberry berry fragrance succulence, nutritious, is regarded as treasure in fruit, deeply by consumers always.Along with the fast development of our people's growth in the living standard, recreational tourism agricultural, strawberry becomes a large fruit of facility cultivation, particularly it can in the Spring Festival and listing on New Year's Day by greenhouse heating cultivation, have the powerful market competitiveness as eating fruit raw, economic benefit and social benefit are all higher.
Traditional strawberry cultivating mode mainly soil cultivation.The soil cultivation of strawberry is subject to the impact of the soil salinization, strawberry continuous cropping obstacle and soil-borne disease, causes strawberry quality and yield to decline.But soilless culture can overcome the shortcoming of soil cultivation, will be widely used.
Existing strawberry growing without soil pattern is that high-level cultivating and slot type cultivate two kinds substantially, high-level cultivating cost is high, people is taken bothersome when Handling device, and roomy vacant lot is taken when settling, and in planting strawberry process, easily occur that the phenomenons such as illumination is bad, and substrate temperature is too low, impeded drainage make Root Absorption be obstructed, cause strawberry poor growth, quality and yield reduces; Slot type cultivation need fix in greenhouse, and substrates quantity is large, and disinfecting process is time-consuming takes a lot of work in taking-up, and substrate temperature is lower, and cultivating groove can not be incubated, and affects Yield of Strawberry.
Therefore, for solving above-mentioned shortcoming, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new planting form and supporting technology, bubble chamber is small and exquisite, has convenient in carrying, removable, clean and tidy, can reuse and the advantage such as economical and practical; Bubble chamber cultivation can also play the effect of insulation, cultivation strawberry green safety, bright-colored, glossy, local flavor is dense, sweet mouthfeel, fruit is large, quality better, output are high, saline land can be avoided to cultivate the harmful effect brought strawberry quality and yield, as potted plant cultivation, also can take home after allowing citizen pluck strawberry, enrich oneself balcony again, dual-purpose, improves household economy benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of bubble chamber planting strawberry, adopt the strawberry of bubble chamber cultivation to have local flavor dense, sweet mouthfeel, the advantages such as quality better.Also avoid saline land to cultivate the harmful effect brought strawberry quality and yield simultaneously, more can improve the economic benefit of peasant household.
For achieving the above object, the invention discloses following technical scheme:
Adopt an implantation methods for bubble chamber planting strawberry, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) selection of casing and preparation: unifiedly manufacture bubble chamber, casing specification: length 35-40cm; Width 25-30cm; Height 20-25cm; Tank wall thickness 2.0-2.5cm, beating 4-6 diameter at the bottom of case is 1.5-2cm air-vent;
(2) substrate preparation: by volume, the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite: wormcast=1:1:1:1 preparation;
(3) matrix sterilization: add dazomet to water content in 60-70% cultivation matrix by the consumption of 20kg/ mu, mixing, then covering with plastic film, sealing 10-15 days, opens film after 15 days, 1m
3matrix is mixed into 15:15:15 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg, vanning after mixing;
(4) field planting: seedling selects more than 3 leaves, the thick 0.8-1.0cm growing way of false stem is strong, without the plant of damage by disease and insect, reaches 3000 times of liquid and dips in root, 4-6 strain in every case with Amici, and the seedling back of a bow outwards, is accomplished deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting;
(5) detain canopy period: button canopy period in mid or late October, button canopy film when the extraneous minimum air temperature reaches 8-10 DEG C, subsequently, casing paving black mulch film;
(6) rich water quality management: after slow seedling, rush applying liquid humic acid complex fertilizer 1-2 each 10kg/667m with drip irrigation
2; After greenhouse button canopy film, in the middle of bubble chamber, high K composite fertilizer 0.1kg used by the every case of ditching-fertilizing; Subsequently respectively the result initial stage, result contain the phase, gather after applicating liquid humic acid complex fertilizer 10kg/667m
2, meanwhile, spray 0.3% around flowering stage containing the state light friend 2 times of 99% boric acid; Within every 10 days, spray a foliage fertilizer, described foliage fertilizer refers to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the micro-fertilizer of 0.2% Chelating state alternately sprays;
(7) temperature and humidity management: after button canopy, strawberry temperature rests in 20-25 DEG C, and fruiting period nocturnal temperature can not more than 13 DEG C, and humidity at 70-80% as well, suitably reduces humidity flowering stage to 40-50%;
(8) pest management: spray once with broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide before spreading, described broad-spectrum sterilization mainly refers to (having commercially available) such as Da Kening, thiophanate methyl, Kai Ze; Described insecticide mainly refers to; Gao Qiao, Kang Kuan etc. (having commercially available) water consumption 75kg/667m
2, the total concentration of broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide is no more than 0.3%; Fruiting period as far as possible not applying pesticides, as damage by disease and insect seriously can adopt microbial bactericide or biological control;
(9) plant arranges: before plastic film mulch, extracts plant bud, blade and stolon, stays 2-3 sheet young leaves; Later stage extracts Lao Ye, sick leaf and bud in good time, and every strain retains 10 functional leafs, and 10-12 fruit, can increase ventilation, light transmittance, reduces nutrient consumption, improves fruit quality;
(10) supplementary pollination: every mu with honeybee 1 case or bumblebee 1 case pollination; Do the potted plant used time, available writing brush artificial supplementary pollination.
The implantation methods of employing bubble chamber planting strawberry of the present invention, wherein the described fruiting period disease control of step (8) refers to and adopts Wuyiencin, streptomycin sulphate, polyoxin, Zhongshengmycin, bacillus or sulfur fumigation integrated control, fruiting period pest control refers to and adopts bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, Predatory Mites etc. to prevent and treat, water consumption 75kg/667m
2, concentration is no more than 0.3%.
Supplementary pollination every mu described in step (10) honeybee 1 case, 10000-11000 or bumblebee 1 case, 150-180 only pollinates.
The product of the strawberry adopting method of the present invention to plant, has strawberry survival rate high; Strawberry fruit sweet mouthfeel, bright-colored, glossy, fruit is individual greatly, quality better, output are high; The characteristics such as strawberry safety nuisance free.
The good effect that the implantation methods of employing bubble chamber planting strawberry disclosed by the invention is compared with prior art had is:
(1) present invention focuses on, bubble chamber soilless culture can play insulation effect, promotes root growth, thus improves Yield of Strawberry.
(2) implantation methods of the present invention, using microbe microbial inoculum or biological control replace the use of agricultural chemicals, reach safety nuisance free, are applicable to going sightseeing to pluck overall situation.
(3) implantation methods of bubble chamber planting strawberry provided by the invention, have easy, clean and tidy, can reuse and the advantage such as economical and practical; It is dense that the strawberry cultivated has local flavor, sweet mouthfeel, and quality better can avoid saline land to cultivate the harmful effect brought strawberry quality and yield, as potted plant cultivation, also can take home after allowing citizen pluck strawberry, enrich oneself balcony again, dual-purpose, improves household economy benefit.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the state diagram adopting bubble chamber planting strawberry; As can be seen from the figure strawberry growing way is strong, foam cultivation compact volume and convenience neat and tidy;
Fig. 2 is common cultivation groove minimum temperature, bubble chamber cultivation minimum temperature comparison diagram.
embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, and embodiment is only indicative, never means that it limits the scope of the invention by any way.Various raw materials used by the present invention, reagent are as follows:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium refers to N+P
2o
5+ K
2o>=45N:P
2o
5: K
2o=15:15:15 Common compound fertilizer has commercially available;
Amici reaches the Fluoxastrobin referred to containing 25% to be had commercially available;
Liquid humic acid complex fertilizer refers to humic acid>=40g/L, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o>=200g/L, has commercially available;
High K composite fertilizer refers to N+P
2o
5+ K
2o>=48%N:P
2o
5: K
2o=16:9:23; Have commercially available;
Broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide refers to Da Kening, thiophanate methyl, Kai Ze, Gao Qiao, Kang Kuan etc. have commercially available;
Microbial bactericide refers to Wuyiencin, streptomycin sulphate, polyoxin, Zhongshengmycin, bacillus or sulphur, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, all has commercially available;
Biological control refers to: Predatory Mites has commercially available;
The state light friend that boron fertilizer refers to 99% boric acid has commercially available;
The micro-fertilizer of Chelating state refers to the micro-fertilizer of Kang Piao multicomponent chelate to be had commercially available.
embodiment 1
(1) selection of casing and preparation: unifiedly manufacture bubble chamber, casing specification: length 35cm, width 25cm, height 20cm; Tank wall thickness 2.0cm, making a call to 4 diameters at the bottom of case is the air-vent of about 1.5cm.
(2) substrate preparation: matrix is prepared by volume, T1: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite: wormcast=1:1:1:1.
(3) matrix sterilization: add dazomet to water content in 60% cultivation matrix by the consumption of 20kg/ mu, mixing, then covering with plastic film, seals about 15 days, opens film after 15 days, 1m
3matrix is mixed into 15-15-15 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg, vanning after mixing.
(4) field planting: resident time was August 27.Variety adoption beauty, more than 3 leaves, the thick 0.8cm growing way of false stem is strong, without the plant of damage by disease and insect.Reaching (having commercially available) 10ml with Amici dissolves in 30L water, 4-6 strain in every case, and the seedling back of a bow outwards, is accomplished deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting.
(5) detain canopy period: button canopy period in mid or late October, button canopy film when the extraneous minimum air temperature reaches 8 DEG C, subsequently, casing paving black mulch film.
(6) rich water quality management: after slow seedling, rush applying liquid humic acid complex fertilizer 1 each 10kg/667m with drip irrigation
2; After greenhouse button canopy film, in the middle of bubble chamber, high K composite fertilizer 0.1kg used by the every case of ditching-fertilizing; Subsequently respectively the result initial stage, result contain the phase, gather after applicating liquid humic acid type composite fertilizer 10kg/667m
2.Meanwhile, 0.3% is sprayed around flowering stage containing the state light friend 2 times of 99% boric acid; Within every 10 days, spray a foliage fertilizer, described foliage fertilizer refers to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the micro-fertilizer of 0.2% Chelating state alternately sprays;
(7) temperature and humidity management: after button canopy, strawberry temperature rests in 20 DEG C, and fruiting period nocturnal temperature can not more than 13 DEG C, and humidity 70% as well, suitably reduces humidity flowering stage to 40%.
(8) pest management: sprays once with broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide before spreading, fruiting period is tried one's best not applying pesticides, as damage by disease and insect seriously can adopt microbial bactericide or biological control;
(9) plant arranges: before plastic film mulch, extracts plant bud, blade and stolon, stays 2-3 sheet young leaves; Later stage extracts Lao Ye, sick leaf and bud in good time, and every strain retains 10 functional leafs, and 10 fruits, can increase ventilation, light transmittance, reduces nutrient consumption, improves fruit quality.
(10) supplementary pollination: every mu with honeybee 1 case or bumblebee 1 case) pollination; Do the potted plant used time, available writing brush artificial supplementary pollination.
embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods adopting bubble chamber planting strawberry:
(1) selection of casing and preparation: unifiedly manufacture bubble chamber, casing specification: length 40cm; Width 30cm; Height 25cm; Tank wall thickness 2.5cm, making a call to 6 diameters at the bottom of case is 2cm air-vent;
(2) substrate preparation: by the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite: wormcast=1:1:1:1 preparation;
(3) matrix sterilization: add dazomet to water content in 70% cultivation matrix by the consumption of 20kg/ mu, mixing, then covering with plastic film, seals 15 days, opens film after 15 days, 1m
3matrix is mixed into 15:15:15 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg, vanning after mixing;
(4) field planting: seedling selects more than 3 leaves, the thick 1.0cm growing way of false stem is strong, without the plant of damage by disease and insect, reaches 3000 times of liquid and dips in root, 4-6 strain in every case with Amici, and the seedling back of a bow outwards, is accomplished deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting;
(5) detain canopy period: button canopy period in mid or late October, button canopy film when the extraneous minimum air temperature reaches 10 DEG C, subsequently, casing paving black mulch film;
(6) rich water quality management: after slow seedling, rush applying liquid humic acid complex fertilizer 2 each 10kg/667m with drip irrigation
2; After greenhouse button canopy film, in the middle of bubble chamber, high K composite fertilizer 0.1kg used by the every case of ditching-fertilizing; Subsequently respectively the result initial stage, result contain the phase, gather after applicating liquid humic acid complex fertilizer 10kg/667m
2, meanwhile, around flowering stage, spray 0.3% boron fertilizer 2 times; Within every 10 days, spray a foliage fertilizer, described foliage fertilizer refers to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the micro-fertilizer of 0.2% Chelating state alternately sprays;
(7) temperature and humidity management: after button canopy, strawberry temperature rests in 25 DEG C, and fruiting period nocturnal temperature can not more than 13 DEG C, and humidity 80% as well, suitably reduces humidity flowering stage to 50%;
(8) pest management: sprays once with broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide before spreading, sprays once with broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide before spreading, and fruiting period is tried one's best not applying pesticides, as damage by disease and insect seriously can adopt microbial bactericide or biological control;
(9) plant arranges: before plastic film mulch, extracts plant bud, blade and stolon, stays 2-3 sheet young leaves; Later stage extracts Lao Ye, sick leaf and bud in good time, and every strain retains 10 functional leafs, and 12 fruits, can increase ventilation, light transmittance, reduces nutrient consumption, improves fruit quality;
(10) supplementary pollination: every mu with honeybee 1 case or bumblebee 1 case pollination; Do the potted plant used time, available writing brush artificial supplementary pollination.
embodiment 3
The comparative test of bubble chamber cultivation filler
Matrix is prepared by volume:
A1: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite: wormcast=1:1:1:1;
A2: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite: wormcast=3:0:1:1
The A3 peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite=1:1:1
CK: garden mould is broken into diameter be less than 1cm particle vanning stand-by.
The strain of every case 6, often processes 15 casees, and kind and field management manage by above-mentioned steps.Survival rate was investigated in after field planting one month; Often 10 strains are chosen in process, investigate plant strain growth index and single plant yield respectively in growth vigorous stage and picking time; With ice chest, the ripening fruits of newly plucking is taken back laboratory in picking time, and in the determination and analysis fruit quality on the same day of plucking.Often process random selecting 10 ripening fruitss, measure the index such as Vc, solubility solid, in triplicate.Data acquisition EXCEL and SAS carries out arranging and analyzing, and result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 different fillings is on the impact of strawberry growth, quality and output
Conclusion: the present embodiment can effectively promote surviving of strawberry, improves strawberry soluble solid and Vc content, illustrates and improves strawberry quality, and fruit is individual large, adds per mu yield.
embodiment 4
Bubble chamber cultivation is compared with generic media cultivating groove
Bubble chamber and generic media substrate composition that cultivating groove fills are the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite: wormcast=1:1:1:1, and common cultivation groove plank impales high 25cm, the cultivating groove of wide 40cm.Get 10 strains respectively at fruiting period and measure root system surface area and root system volume, carry out scanning analysis with WinRHizo root system scanning analysis software.Record 10 strain strawberry single plant yields in whole vegetative period and calculate mean fruit weight.Simultaneously every day in December, 2014 investigate the greenhouse minimum air temperature, common cultivation groove minimum temperature, bubble chamber cultivation minimum temperature compare and the results are shown in Figure 2:
The cultivation of table 2 bubble chamber and cultivating groove matrix minimum temperature, strawberry root system and Yield compari@
Conclusion: bubble chamber cultivation has insulation effect, and the present embodiment can improve the temperature of cultivation matrix, promotes the growth of root system, improves Yield of Strawberry, plants every mu of volume increase 100kg than cultivating groove.
Claims (3)
1. adopt an implantation methods for bubble chamber planting strawberry, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) selection of casing and preparation: unifiedly manufacture bubble chamber, casing specification: length 35-40cm; Width 25-30cm; Height 20-25cm; Tank wall thickness 2.0-2.5cm, beating 4-6 diameter at the bottom of case is 1.5-2cm air-vent;
(2) substrate preparation: by volume, the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite: wormcast=1:1:1:1 preparation;
(3) matrix sterilization: add dazomet to water content in 60-70% cultivation matrix by the consumption of 20kg/ mu, mixing, then covering with plastic film, sealing 10-15 days, opens film after 15 days, 1m
3matrix is mixed into 15:15:15 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg, vanning after mixing;
(4) field planting: seedling selects more than 3 leaves, the thick 0.8-1.0cm growing way of false stem is strong, without the plant of damage by disease and insect, reaches 3000 times of liquid and dips in root, 4-6 strain in every case with Amici, and the seedling back of a bow outwards, is accomplished deeply not bury the heart, shallow not crab rooting;
(5) detain canopy period: button canopy period in mid or late October, button canopy film when the extraneous minimum air temperature reaches 8-10 DEG C, subsequently, casing paving black mulch film;
(6) rich water quality management: after slow seedling, rush applying liquid humic acid complex fertilizer 1-2 each 10kg/667m with drip irrigation
2; After greenhouse button canopy film, in the middle of bubble chamber, high K composite fertilizer 0.1kg used by the every case of ditching-fertilizing; Subsequently respectively the result initial stage, result contain the phase, gather after applicating liquid humic acid complex fertilizer 10kg/667m
2, spray 0.3% around flowering stage containing the state light friend 2 times of 99% boric acid; Within every 10 days, spray a foliage fertilizer, described foliage fertilizer refers to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the micro-fertilizer of 0.2% Chelating state alternately sprays;
(7) temperature and humidity management: after button canopy, strawberry temperature rests in 20-25 DEG C, and fruiting period nocturnal temperature can not more than 13 DEG C, and humidity at 70-80% as well, suitably reduces humidity flowering stage to 40-50%;
(8) pest management: spray once with broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide before spreading, described insecticide mainly refers to; Gao Qiao, Kang Kuan, water consumption 75kg/667m
2, the total concentration of broad-spectrum sterilization insecticide is no more than 0.3%; Fruiting period as far as possible not applying pesticides, as damage by disease and insect seriously can adopt microbial bactericide or biological control;
(9) plant arranges: before plastic film mulch, extracts plant bud, blade and stolon, stays 2-3 sheet young leaves; Later stage extracts Lao Ye, sick leaf and bud in good time, and every strain retains 10 functional leafs, and 10-12 fruit, can increase ventilation, light transmittance, reduces nutrient consumption, improves fruit quality;
(10) supplementary pollination: every mu with honeybee 1 case or bumblebee 1 case pollination; Do the potted plant used time, available writing brush artificial supplementary pollination.
2. adopt the implantation methods of bubble chamber planting strawberry described in claim 1, the supplementary pollination every mu wherein described in step (10) is 10000-11000 with honeybee 1 case, or bumblebee 1 case is 150-180.
3. described in claim 1, adopt the implantation methods of bubble chamber planting strawberry, wherein the described fruiting period disease control of step (8) refers to and adopts Wuyiencin, streptomycin sulphate, polyoxin, Zhongshengmycin, bacillus or sulfur fumigation integrated control, fruiting period pest control refers to and adopts bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, Predatory Mites is prevented and treated, water consumption 75kg/667m
2, concentration is no more than 0.3%.
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