CN103404266A - Propagation method of bletilla striata - Google Patents
Propagation method of bletilla striata Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404266A CN103404266A CN2013103369507A CN201310336950A CN103404266A CN 103404266 A CN103404266 A CN 103404266A CN 2013103369507 A CN2013103369507 A CN 2013103369507A CN 201310336950 A CN201310336950 A CN 201310336950A CN 103404266 A CN103404266 A CN 103404266A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a propagation method of bletilla striata. The propagation method comprises the following steps: selecting and tidying a field; preparing seedling raising substrate; filling the seedling raising substrate in trays, preserving pods, treating seeds, seeding, raising seedling, managing the field and toughening seedlings. The propagation method is simple, feasible, low in cost, fast in seedling emergence, suitable for the planting of bletilla striata in the Qinba mountain area and the areas south of the Qinba mountain area and easy to popularize, and can fully meet the requirements of large-area large-scale seedling raising. The propagation method overcomes the difficulty that germinating is difficult for seeds under the natural conditions because the seeds are small and do not have endosperm, and opens up a new approach for the fast sexual propagation of the bletilla striata.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant artificial planting technique field, be specifically related to the field planting method of Endangered Medicinal Herb bletilla.
Background technology
Bletilla (Bletilla striata), for the orchid family bletilla belongs to herbaceos perennial, is 2 grades of endangered plants of country, the another name bletilla striata, purple blue.Mainly be distributed in the areas such as Guizhou on the south China Qinling Mountains, Hubei, Southern Shaanxi.General evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life of being born in 100～3200 meters of height above sea level, in roadside thick grass or rock seam more.Its root-like stock is white in color, several being connected, therefore named bletilla or white root.
The bletilla platymiscium approximately has 6 kinds, is distributed in East Asia, to Burma, and China is main producing region, has four kinds, is respectively magnificent bletilla, little bletilla, bletilla and chrysanthemum bletilla, and all can be used as medicine.Bletilla is medicinal with dry tuber, effect with astringing to arrest bleeding, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, detumescence and promoting granulation, be widely used in clinically the illnesss such as treatment hemoptysis, haematemesis, traumatism and bleeding, sore swollen toxin, pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, ulcer haemorrhage, have very large commodity development potentiality.Simultaneously it is that orchid is a kind of, again by extensively as a kind of flowers, have good ornamental value.
At present, bletilla rises to large product by little three classes.But have no at present the report of field production both at home and abroad, utilize seed sowing also seldom.Its main cause is: 1. the current provenance of bletilla seed is rare, the domestic bletilla base that there is no standardized planting.2. the seminal propagation of bletilla is one of technical barrier at present.Only have this technology of breakthrough, the sufficient amount seedling is just arranged for the bletilla construction of base, the utilization of bletilla resource industrialized developing could obtain the raw material support.It is at present domestic that research also belongs to the starting stage to the bletilla planting technology.
In bletilla fruit pod, there are a large amount of seeds, in each fruit pod, seed 10～300,000 arranged, have the sprouting ability but also only there are several ten thousand.So carry out at present the people of bletilla division propagation and be the people of group training a lot, but above two kinds of mode output are very limited, reproduction coefficient is low, and can not form scale, the imbalance between supply and demand that finally solves bletilla also needs to carry out implant mass by the sowing in the field technology.
Summary of the invention
It is low that technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome bletilla tradition division propagation coefficient, and the shortcomings such as tissue culture method Character instability and production cost height, and a kind of propagation method of the bletilla that just can complete in common land for growing field crops is provided.
Solving the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme adopted is comprised of following step:
1, the selection in field and arrangement
Selecting annual precipitation to reach more than 14 ℃ and water source of 800～1200mm, average temperature of the whole year facilitates regional field to build plastic tunnel, rake is ploughed in soil in booth extremely defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, smooth extremely without clod, play low ridge, row spacing 150～200cm, dark 20～the 25cm in ridge, Polypropylence Sheet on tiling on ridge, sprinkle insecticide between the surrounding of Polypropylence Sheet and soil.
2, preparation seedling medium sabot
By the bark powder of fermenting, according to volume ratio, be that 5～30:5～25:5～10:1:3～8 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium prepared is filled to seedling culture hole plate, seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flattens compacting, discharge water in ridge, seedling medium is thoroughly irrigated, soaked 3～6 days.
3, the preservation of fruit pod
Select after pollination embryo 18～20 weeks of age and grow full bletilla fruit pod, bletilla fruit pod is packed in the ox-hide bag and dries in the shade, being embedded in fine sand after drying in the shade, being kept at cool place, drying, lucifuge place.
4, the processing of seed
Select between the annual Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, seed was soaked 5～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L, taking-up is blotted with blotting paper, is that 10000:1 mixture, seed are that 50:1 fully mixes thoroughly according to volume ratio by the mass ratio of talcum powder and methyl α-naphthyl acetate.
5, sow and grow seedlings
The seed of mixing is sowed on the dish of cave, and sowing density is 3～5g/m
2, on the seed of sowing, spread one deck ash, at each, take arc plastic greenhouse above ridge, after one week of sowing, watered once every 3 days.
6, field management and strong sprout
Treat that the bletilla seedling grows 1 true leaf, spray weekly the di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution 2～3 times, treat that the bletilla seedling grows 2 true leaves, arc plastic greenhouse on ridge is opened to 1/3, after 1～2 day, open 2/3, all opened after 1～2 day, sooner or later respectively spray water 1 time every day and keep ventilating in booth, air themperature surpasses 35 ℃ and costs the double-layered sunshade net to booth, in booth, sprays per month penicillin 1 time; Treat that the bletilla seedling grows 4～5 true leaves, spray nutrient solution 1 time every first quarter moon.
In the selection in field of the present invention and arrangement step 1, described insecticide is enemy worm prestige, is provided by Nanchang prestige enemy chemicals company.
In preparation seedling medium of the present invention sabot step 2, the volume ratio of the bark powder of described fermentation and humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil the best is 15:20:8:1:5; Described seedling culture hole plate is 70 hole seedling culture hole plates preferably, and the back cut diameter of seedling culture hole plate is that 5cm, base diameter are that 1.5cm, cave are 5cm deeply.
In the treatment step 4 of seed of the present invention, preferably seed was soaked 8～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L.
In field of the present invention management and strong sprout step 6, the preferred emerald green luxuriant chitin of described nutrient solution and bacterium adpedance agent volume ratio are the mixture of 2:1, by Chemical Group Co., Ltd of Swiss Confederation, provided, during use, the bacterium adpedance agent of the luxuriant chitin of the kingfisher of 20mL and 10mL is added in 20L water, mix 1 mu of ground of rear sprinkling.
The inventive method is simple, with low cost, and bletilla seed sprouting speed is fast, the zone on the south applicable Qin's bar mountain area reaches, and be convenient to promote, can meet the needs of large tracts of land, scale breeding fully.It is tiny because of seed that the inventive method has overcome the bletilla plant, there is no endosperm, extremely difficult predicament of sprouting under field conditions (factors), for the quick sexual propagation of bletilla opens up a new way, not only has the double meaning of producing with economically, simultaneously can also solve traditional hydroponics reproduction coefficient low, the present situation that growing-seedling period is long.The inventive method is applicable equally for the orchid family other plant.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is plant figure after embodiment 1 bletilla is sowed 105 days.
Fig. 2 is the Local map of embodiment 1 bletilla sowing plant after 105 days.
Fig. 3 is the plant figures of embodiment 2 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 4 is the plant figures of embodiment 3 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 5 is the plant figures of embodiment 4 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 6 is the plant figures of embodiment 5 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Fig. 7 is the plant figures of embodiment 6 bletilla sowings after 105 days.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, the selection in field and arrangement
Select annual precipitation reach more than 14 ℃ and water source of 800～1200mm, average temperature of the whole year easily the field in eternally happy town, Zhenan County, Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province build long for 100m, widely be the plastic tunnel of 20m, rake is ploughed in soil in booth extremely defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, smooth extremely without clod, play low ridge, row spacing 150～200cm, dark 20～the 25cm in ridge, Polypropylence Sheet on tiling on ridge, sprinkle insecticide enemy worm prestige between the surrounding of Polypropylence Sheet and soil.
2, preparation seedling medium sabot
By the bark powder of fermenting, according to volume ratio, be that 15:20:8:1:5 mixes with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium prepared is filled to 70 hole seedling culture hole plates, and the back cut diameter of seedling culture hole plate is that 5cm, base diameter are that 1.5cm, cave are 5cm deeply, and seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flatten compacting, in ridge, discharge water, matrix is thoroughly irrigated, soaked 6 days.
3, the preservation of fruit pod
Select after pollination embryo 18～20 weeks of age and grow full bletilla fruit pod, bletilla fruit pod is packed in the ox-hide bag and dries in the shade, being embedded in fine sand after drying in the shade, being kept at cool place, drying, lucifuge place.
4, the processing of seed
The Ching Ming Festival of selection to during the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, by seed, be to soak 12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L in quality-volumetric concentration, taking-up is blotted with blotting paper, is that 10000:1 mixture, seed are that 50:1 fully mixes thoroughly according to volume ratio by the mass ratio of talcum powder and methyl α-naphthyl acetate.
5, sow and grow seedlings
The seed of mixing is poured on 60 purpose sieves, with waddy, beats screen edges seed is evenly sowed on seedling culture hole plate, sowing density is 3～5g/m
2, on the seed of sowing, spread one deck ash, at each, take arc plastic greenhouse above ridge, make arc plastic greenhouse top apart from stromal surface 30cm, after one week of sowing, watered once every 3 days, while watering, gently plastic greenhouse is opened, with sprayer, spray water.Seed just has the sprouting phenomenon about 7～10 days, be embodied in the seed imbibition, and green the appearance arranged.
6, field management and strong sprout
Sow after 28～30 days, a slice cotyledon occurs at the protocorm top, sow after 45～60 days, grow the 1st true leaf at the protocorm top corresponding another side of cotyledon, then spray weekly quality-volumetric concentration and be the di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution 2～3 times of 0.2g/L.After two weeks, the bletilla seedling grows 2 true leaves, the arc plastic greenhouse of taking on ridge is first opened to 1/3, after 1～2 day, open 2/3, after 1～2 day, all open, sooner or later respectively spray water 1 time every day and keep ventilating in booth, when surpassing 35 ℃, air themperature costs the double-layered sunshade net to booth, owing in booth, easily forming extensive grey and green fungal microbe, therefore give in booth and spray per month penicillin 1 time, the procreation of Antifungi quasi-microorganism, when spraying penicillin and selecting generally that noon, temperature was higher, and carry out totally-enclosed to booth, and then carry out sterilizing to canopy wall and airborne microorganism.Sow after 105～120 days, the bletilla seedling grows 4～5 true leaves, its lepisphere diameter stem can reach 1cm, every first quarter moon, spray nutrient solution 1 time, nutrient solution is that emerald green luxuriant chitin and bacterium adpedance agent volume ratio are the mixture of 2:1, by Chemical Group Co., Ltd of Swiss Confederation, provided, during use, the bacterium adpedance agent of the luxuriant chitin of the kingfisher of 20mL and 10mL is added in 20L water, mix 1 mu of ground of rear sprinkling.
The plant figure of the present embodiment bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.As seen from the figure, emerging of bletilla is better, and the plant individuality is larger, and growing way is very fast, robust plant.
Embodiment 2
The bark powder that the present embodiment will ferment is that 5:25:5:1:8 mixes with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, other steps are identical with embodiment 1.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment 3
The bark powder that the present embodiment will ferment is that 30:5:10:1:3 mixes with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, other steps are identical with embodiment 1.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 4.
Embodiment 4
The bark powder that the present embodiment will ferment is that 15:20:8:1:5 mixes with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil according to volume ratio, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium prepared is filled to 72 hole seedling culture hole plates, the upper bore of seedling culture hole plate is that 4cm * 4cm, bottom bore are that 2cm * 2cm, cave are 4.5cm deeply, seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flatten compacting, in ridge, discharge water, matrix is thoroughly irrigated, soaked 3 days.Other steps are identical with embodiment 1.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 5.
Embodiment 5
During the present embodiment is selected the Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, seed was soaked 5 hours in quality-volumetric concentration is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L, other steps are identical with embodiment 4.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 6.
Embodiment 6
During the present embodiment is selected the Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, seed was soaked 8 hours in quality-volumetric concentration is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L, other steps are identical with embodiment 4.The plant figure of bletilla planting seed after 105 days is shown in Fig. 7.
Claims (7)
1. the propagation method of a bletilla is characterized in that it is comprised of following step:
(1) selection in field and arrangement
Selecting annual precipitation to reach more than 14 ℃ and water source of 800～1200mm, average temperature of the whole year facilitates regional field to build plastic tunnel, rake is ploughed in soil in booth extremely defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, smooth extremely without clod, play low ridge, row spacing 150～200cm, dark 20～the 25cm in ridge, Polypropylence Sheet on tiling on ridge, sprinkle insecticide between the surrounding of Polypropylence Sheet and soil;
(2) preparation seedling medium sabot
By the bark powder of fermenting, according to volume ratio, be that 5～30:5～25:5～10:1:3～8 mix with humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil, gained mixture and carbendazim fully mix for 1000:5 by volume, be mixed with seedling medium, the seedling medium prepared is filled to seedling culture hole plate, seedling culture hole plate is laid in ridge, flattens compacting, discharge water in ridge, seedling medium is thoroughly irrigated, soaked 3～6 days;
(3) preservation of fruit pod
Select the rear embryo of pollination 18～20 weeks of age and grow full bletilla fruit pod, be embedded in fine sand after in the ox-hide bag of packing into, drying in the shade, be kept at cool place, drying, lucifuge place;
(4) processing of seed
Select between the annual Ching Ming Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival, the bletilla fruit pod strip off of preserving is taken out to seed, seed was soaked 5～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L, taking-up is blotted with blotting paper, is that 10000:1 mixture, seed are that 50:1 fully mixes thoroughly according to volume ratio by the mass ratio of talcum powder and methyl α-naphthyl acetate;
(5) sow and grow seedlings
The seed of mixing is sowed on the dish of cave, and sowing density is 3～5g/m
2, on the seed of sowing, spread one deck ash, at each, take arc plastic greenhouse above ridge, after one week of sowing, watered once every 3 days;
(6) field management and strong sprout
Treat that the bletilla seedling grows 1 true leaf, sprays weekly the di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution 2～3 times; Treat that the bletilla seedling grows 2 true leaves, the arc plastic greenhouse on ridge is opened after 1/3,1～2 days and opened 2/3, after 1～2 day, all open, sooner or later respectively spray water 1 time every day and keep ventilating in booth, air themperature surpasses 35 ℃ and costs the double-layered sunshade net to booth, in booth, sprays per month penicillin 1 time; Treat that the bletilla seedling grows 4～5 true leaves, spray nutrient solution 1 time every first quarter moon.
2. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the selection in described field with arrange in step (1), insecticide is enemy worm prestige.
3. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described preparation seedling medium sabot step (2), the volume ratio of the bark powder of fermenting and humus, Nutrition Soil, chicken manure, turfy soil is 15:20:8:1:5.
4. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described preparation seedling medium sabot step (2), seedling culture hole plate is 70 hole seedling culture hole plates, and the back cut diameter of seedling culture hole plate is that 5cm, base diameter are that 1.5cm, cave are 5cm deeply.
5. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in the treatment step of described seed (4), seed was soaked 8～12 hours in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 0.5mg/L.
6. according to the propagation method of the described bletilla of any one in claim 1～5, it is characterized in that: in the management of described field and step in strong sprout (6), nutrient solution is that emerald green luxuriant chitin and bacterium adpedance agent volume ratio are the mixture of 2:1.
7. the propagation method of bletilla according to claim 6 is characterized in that: in the management of described field and step in strong sprout (6), the quality-volumetric concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate amine aqueous solution is 0.2g/L.
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