CN109997600A - T-type pear tree frame and the unilateral downtree shape breeding method for utilizing the frame - Google Patents
T-type pear tree frame and the unilateral downtree shape breeding method for utilizing the frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997600A CN109997600A CN201910305061.1A CN201910305061A CN109997600A CN 109997600 A CN109997600 A CN 109997600A CN 201910305061 A CN201910305061 A CN 201910305061A CN 109997600 A CN109997600 A CN 109997600A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Supports For Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of T-type pear tree frame and using the unilateral downtree shape breeding method of the frame, belong to pear tree technical field of cultivation.The T-type pear tree frame, the T-type bracket including several parallel arrangements, the T-type bracket include the column for being 1.7m perpendicular to ground setting height, and the top of the column is symmetrically arranged with two skeletons extended obliquely upward, and the horizontal sextant angle of the skeleton is 165 degree；It is provided between the column of adjacent T-type bracket and is used for the fixed steel wire of pear tree away from ground 1.3m, the steel wire for bondage fruitful branch of multiple tracks parallel arrangement is provided between the skeleton of adjacent T-type bracket.The T-type pear tree frame is applied to pear tree to cultivate to form the unilateral downtree shape of one continuous line, trunk is cultivated using the apical dominance of major branch, is promoted using quarter bud into branch, can effectively facilitate pear tree forming and precocity fruiting, and easy to operate, laborsaving light labor, convenient for standardization and mechanization management, early stage high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pear tree technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of T-type pear tree frame and one using the frame
The unilateral downtree shape breeding method of dragon.
Background technique
Pergola system, also referred to as flat canopy cultivation, is the Main Cultivation mode of Japan, South Korea's pears, China is in last century 90 years
In generation, introduces related cultivation technique from Japan.The advantages of pergola system: 1, early bearing, high yield, yield stability are strong, and pear tree orthostatic is stronger,
Apical dominance is obvious, makes branch along the horizontal bondage in frame face by pergola system, grows apical dominance and young sprout and be suppressed, have
Conducive to flower_bud formation.2, high quality fruit rate is high, pergola system pear tree branch horizontal distribution, and the nutrient of each fruit is assigned in branch
It is relatively uniform.3, wind resistance, the plantation of frame pears have stronger wind loading rating.4, it improves labor efficiency, by pergola system, frame is high
From the ground generally in 1.7m or so, stands and theatre management work can be completed on the ground.
The frame shape that traditional frame mostly uses the flat frame of three major branches of Japanese invention or is transformed by happy shape.Exist in recent years
China also has using two major branch frame shapes, if both arms direct motion formula is exactly the deformation of Japanese two major branch frame shapes.But traditional frame is whole
Long the time required to shape, branch restocking is difficult, and forming is slow；For the frame of happy shape transformation since trunk is done low surely, Shoot number is random,
Setting fruit position causes fruit quality decline, benefit to reduce mostly in frame frame face hereinafter, cause " separation of tree frame ".Moreover, traditional
Pergola system major branch and branch series are on the high side, and pruning technique is more complex, are not easy to grasp.Trunk is partially short, and mechanically actuated is not square
Just, it needs to spend more labour.
CN 206866212U disclose it is a kind of can Fast Installation pear tree cultivation frame comprising be arranged in the of top
One layer of skeleton, the second layer skeleton being arranged in below first layer skeleton and the skeleton column perpendicular to ground setting are adjacent
The locating rod for being adjustable length is provided between two skeleton columns, two ends of locating rod can be dismantled with skeleton column respectively
Connection；First layer skeleton includes the intersect first crossbeam and the first stringer of setting, and second layer skeleton includes intersecting to set
The second cross beam and the second stringer set, the first crossbeam, the first stringer, second cross beam, the second stringer respectively with the skeleton
Column is fixedly connected, and the first brace, the first brace and the first stringer are provided between first layer skeleton and second layer skeleton
Between be provided with the second brace.Its structure is simple, easy for installation, and is readily transported, and reduces installation cost, will not interfere
The use of mechanical equipment, and can anti-bird rain-proof anti-hail, increase the yield of pear tree.
Therefore, develop is suitable for that pear tree gently simplifies, the tree-like and frame shape of Labor-saving cultivation is for overcoming face in the production of China's pears
Labor shortage and aging, raising labor productivity and productivity effect, the improvement fruit quality faced have important reality
Meaning.
Summary of the invention
It is cultivated the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of T-type pear tree frame and using the unilateral downtree shape of one continuous line of the frame
Method, so that pruning is simple, tree body forming is fast, it can be achieved that the light simplified cultivation of pear tree, suitable for mechanization management reduce recruitment
Cost, early stage high efficiency.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of T-type pear tree frame, the T-type bracket including several parallel arrangements, the T-type bracket includes setting perpendicular to ground
The column that height is 1.7m is set, the top of the column is symmetrically arranged with two skeletons extended obliquely upward, the water of the skeleton
Flat angle is 165 degree；It is provided between the column of adjacent T-type bracket and is used for the fixed steel wire of pear tree, adjacent T-type away from ground 1.3m
The steel wire for bondage fruitful branch of multiple tracks parallel arrangement is provided between the skeleton of bracket.
The T-shaped frame of deformation provided by the invention is set in pear tree plantation row, the distance between column ground 1.3m's
Steel wire is used to fix pear tree, keeps pear tree more firm, more Anti-Typhoon；There is the gradient obliquely in T shape frame face, compared with horizontal rack,
It can prevent that the horizontal bondage of fruitful branch from fractureing and the horizontal bondage stimulus result branch back branch of excessive growth increases.
Specifically, the column uses DN65 coating steel pipe, and the skeleton uses DN25 coating steel pipe, and the steel wire uses
Diameter is the zinc-coated wire of 2.6mm.
Preferably, the horizontal distance that the skeleton extends is 1.7m.
Preferably, three zinc-coated wire of spaced set on every skeleton.
Preferably, being also provided with the steel wire for being used to fix drip irrigation zone away from ground 0.5m between the column of adjacent T-type bracket.
Steel wire away from ground 0.5m slings drip irrigation zone, is convenient for mechanical work, such as prevents grass trimmer from cutting off drip irrigation zone.
Preferably, the column has the concrete suspension column for protruding into earth's surface, embedded iron parts in suspension column.It is fixed by screw
Column and ironware.
Preferably, except being fixed with first between the two skeleton free ends and embedded iron parts of the remaining stents of outermost side stand
Ground anchor.
Preferably, the steel strand wires for fixing pear tree trunk are provided between the top of adjacent columns, outermost two
The second ground anchor is fixed between the top and ground of root post, ground anchor and column are in 45° angle.The steel strand wires and the second ground
Fixed entire frame face is played the role of in anchor connection.Preferably, the steel strand wires and the second ground anchor are same root steel strand wires.
Specifically, the steel strand wires use diameter for the galvanized strand wires of 6.0mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of pear tree breeding method of unilateral downtree shape of formation using above-mentioned T-type pear tree frame,
It the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) the T-type pear tree is set in every a line of pear tree plantation and cultivates frame；
(2) pear tree cultivates First Year, chooses after field planting and does surely at full bud；After rudiment, choose a most strong young sprout to
Branch, is fixed on steel wire by upper elongation growth when highly reaching 1.3m, while branch bending being extended forward, prolongs for trunk
It extends to entire frame face and connects with the trunk of front plant and prepare；
(3) pear tree cultivates second year, and the bud of trunk curved lower is all erased before rudiment, after rudiment, is continued in culture
Centre leader is dry to be grown obliquely, until adjacent with the trunk of front plant；The trunk two sides interval 40cm on frame face is matched simultaneously
Standby fruitful branch, is strapped on steel wire；
(4) pear tree cultivates third year, continues to be equipped with fruitful branch to the trunk two sides interval 40cm on frame face；
(5) pear tree cultivate the 4th year and after, continue cultivate and update fruitful branch.
Preferably, the seeding row spacing of pear tree plantation is 2m × 4m in step (1), row is interior to be arranged a T-type branch every 5m
Frame.
In step (2), pear tree cultivates First Year, culture screening trunk.It is fixed dry generally in 1m or so, if the fixed dry bud taken
It is not full, height can be reduced, surely dry even stump at full bud is chosen.When branch bending, slowly pushes, avoid branch apex
" bowing ".The side shoot on trunk is removed when winter pruning.
To prevent trunk from surprisingly fractureing, preferably, staying a spare branch as trunk culture.
Or choose seedlings and do not have to do calmly, 45° angle is directly bent at 1.3m extends up to entire trunk on frame face
Connect with the trunk of front plant.
In pear tree cultivation, by the way that the trunk of all pear trees toward a direction bending culture, is formed streamlined formula list
It falls tree-like on side.
In step (3) and step (4), the cultivation results branch on trunk, point two sides are strapped in the erection of T-type frame skeleton respectively
Steel wire on, and be distributed according to certain intervals.
To guarantee that fruitful branch can be uniformly distributed, preferably, needing to be equipped with knot on trunk before rudiment in step (4)
The place of fruit branch carries out quarter bud.Bud is carved above the bud at 0.5-1cm, the bud is promoted to sprout, the young sprout of sending as a result train by branch
It supports, slow Cheng Huahou of putting gradually is evened up as a result, forming uniaxial extended fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and be strapped on steel wire.
In step (5), pear tree cultivate the 4th year and after, trimming is to cultivate and update based on fruitful branch.
It is that the present invention has the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention proposes a kind of cultural method of the unilateral downtree shape of streamlined formula for the pear tree cultivation of cultivars of Asian pear,
And matched deformation T-type frame frame type is provided, easy to operate, laborsaving light labor is convenient for standardization and mechanization management, early stage benefit
It is high.
Treelet phase pruning of the present invention is extremely important.By the method for the present invention using major branch apical dominance cultivate trunk,
Promote to effectively facilitate pear tree forming and precocity fruiting at branch, can be completed within 3 years, do sth. in advance 3-4 than common frame using bud is carved
Year, early stage high financial profit.Moreover, frame and pear tree are not in " separation of tree frame " situation.
Fruitful branch is dispensed directly on trunk in the present invention, reduces the skeleton branch level of tree body, only need to be according to after forming
Fruitful branch is simply cultivated and updated to certain intervals, and easy to operate, time and labour saving realizes the light of pear tree and simplifies trimming.It is formed
Fruitful branch group leader, continuous bearing capacity are strong.Wide space planting is evenly distributed on T-type frame frame face plus fruitful branch, and ventilation and penetrating light is good,
Invalid leaf is few, can effectively improve pear fruit quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is T-type frame schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is suspension column sectional detail drawing.
Fig. 3 is steel wire distribution map in the ranks.
Fig. 4 is T-type skeleton steel wire distribution map (vertical view).
Fig. 5 is that earth anchor sets up schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the unilateral schematic diagram of falling Pear trees shape of one continuous line.
Fig. 7 is that frame face fruitful branch configures top view.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated With reference to embodiment.
Embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of T-type pear tree cultivation frame, the T-type bracket including several parallel arrangements, as shown in Figure 1,
The T-type bracket includes the column 1 for being 1.7m perpendicular to ground setting height, and material is DN65 coating steel pipe.The top of column 1
Be symmetrically arranged with two skeletons extended obliquely upward 2, material is DN25 coating steel pipe, two skeletons 2 extend obliquely upward to level away from
From 1.7m, two skeletons, 2 edge high 1.9m from the ground.
As shown in Fig. 2, the suspension column 11 of each column 1 is c20 concrete, specification 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, in suspension column 11
Embedded iron parts 3.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the first steel wire 4 for being used to fix drip irrigation zone away from ground 0.5m is provided between adjacent columns 1
And it is used for the second fixed steel wire 5 of pear tree away from ground 1.3m, steel strand wires 6, steel strand wires 6 are provided between the top of adjacent columns
Use diameter for 6.0mm galvanized strand wires.Multiple tracks parallel arrangement is provided between the skeleton 2 of adjacent T-type bracket is used for bondage
The third steel wire 7 of fruitful branch, three third steel wire 7 of spaced set on every skeleton 2, specifically, the first steel wire 4, the second steel
Silk 5 and third steel wire 7 are all made of the zinc-coated wire that diameter is 2.6mm.
The second ground anchor is fixed between the top and ground of outermost two root posts, the second ground anchor is in column
45° angle.Except being fixed with the first ground anchor 8 between two skeletons, 2 free end and embedded iron parts 3 of the remaining stents of outermost side stand,
It is 6.0mm galvanized strand wires that first ground anchor and the second ground anchor, which are all made of diameter, as shown in Figure 5.
Above-mentioned T-type pear tree cultivation frame is applied in pear tree cultivation, comprising the following steps:
First Year: it is 2*4 meters that pear tree, which plants seeding row spacing, every 5 meters of settings, one T-type bracket, two bones in theatre plantation row
Frame is in the ranks extending obliquely upward.The place that full bud is chosen after field planting is surely dry generally in 1m or so.If the fixed dry bud insatiable hunger taken
It is full, height can be reduced, surely dry even stump at full bud is chosen.After rudiment, selects and remain a most strong young sprout and upwardly extend, in height
Branch is fixed on steel wire by degree when reaching 1.3m, while branch bending being extended forward at 45 degree.When bending, slowly push,
Avoid branch apex " bowing ".The side shoot on trunk is removed when winter pruning.To prevent trunk from surprisingly fractureing, can stay one it is spare
Branch makees trunk culture.Seedlings can also be chosen not have to do calmly, 45 degree of angles are directly bent at 1.3 meters and extend up to entire trunk
Connect on frame face with the trunk of front plant, as shown in Figure 6.
Second year: the bud of trunk curved lower is all erased before rudiment.After rudiment, continue cultivate central authorities leader do it is oblique
Upper growth, until adjacent with preceding strain trunk.When if there is spare trunk, remove.Pay attention to simultaneously every to the trunk two sides on frame face
A fruitful branch is equipped with every 40cm.
Third year: continue to be equipped with a fruitful branch (Fig. 7) according to every 40cm to the trunk in frame face.To guarantee fruitful branch energy
Enough it is uniformly distributed, the place for needing to be equipped with fruitful branch before rudiment on trunk carries out quarter bud, bud is carved above the bud at 0.5-1cm,
The bud is promoted to sprout.The branch culture as a result of the young sprout of sending, slow Cheng Huahou of putting gradually are evened up as a result, forming uniaxial extended knot
Fruit branch group, and be strapped on horizontal wire.
4th year and later trimming are mainly to cultivate and update based on fruitful branch.
Trunk is cultivated, using bud promotion is carved into branch using the apical dominance of major branch according to the method described above, can be effectively facilitated
Pear tree forming and precocity fruiting, can be completed, do sth. in advance 3-4, early stage high financial profit than common frame for 3 years.Moreover, frame and pears
Tree is not in " separation of tree frame " situation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of T-type pear tree frame, which is characterized in that the T-type bracket including several parallel arrangements, the T-type bracket include hanging down
Directly in ground, setting height is 1.7m column, and the top of the column is symmetrically arranged with two skeletons extended obliquely upward, described
The horizontal sextant angle of skeleton is 165 degree；It is provided between the column of adjacent T-type bracket and is used for the fixed steel of pear tree away from ground 1.3m
Thread, the steel wire for bondage fruitful branch of multiple tracks parallel arrangement is provided between the skeleton of adjacent T-type bracket.
2. T-type pear tree frame as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the horizontal distance that the skeleton extends is 1.7m.
3. T-type pear tree frame as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be also provided between the column of adjacent T-type bracket away from
Ground 0.5m is used to fix the steel wire of drip irrigation zone.
4. T-type pear tree frame as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the column has the concrete column for protruding into earth's surface
Foot, embedded iron parts in suspension column.
5. T-type pear tree frame as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that except two skeletons of the remaining stents of outermost side stand
The first ground anchor is fixed between free end and embedded iron parts.
6. T-type pear tree frame as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that steel strand wires are provided between the top of adjacent columns,
The second ground anchor is fixed between the top and ground of outermost two root posts, ground anchor and column are in 45° angle.
7. a kind of pear tree breeding method of the unilateral downtree shape of one continuous line, which comprises the following steps:
(1) T-type pear tree frame as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 is set in every a line of pear tree plantation；
(2) pear tree cultivates First Year, chooses after field planting and does surely at full bud；After rudiment, chooses a most strong young sprout and prolong upwards
Growth is stretched, branch is fixed on steel wire when highly reaching 1.3m, while branch bending being extended forward, is extended to for trunk
Entire frame face simultaneously connects and prepares with the trunk of front plant；
(3) pear tree cultivates second year, and the bud of trunk curved lower is all erased before rudiment, after rudiment, continues to cultivate central neck
It leads to do and grow obliquely, until adjacent with the trunk of front plant；Knot is equipped with to the trunk two sides interval 40cm on frame face simultaneously
Fruit branch is strapped on steel wire；
(4) pear tree cultivates third year, continues to be equipped with fruitful branch to the trunk two sides interval 40cm on frame face；
(5) pear tree cultivate the 4th year and after, continue cultivate and update fruitful branch.
8. the pear tree breeding method of the unilateral downtree shape of one continuous line as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (1), pears
The seeding row spacing of tree planting is 2m × 4m, and row is interior to be arranged a T-type bracket every 5m.
9. the pear tree breeding method of the unilateral downtree shape of one continuous line as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (2), stay
One spare branch is as trunk culture.
10. the pear tree breeding method of the unilateral downtree shape of one continuous line as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (4),
The place for needing to be equipped with fruitful branch before rudiment on trunk carries out quarter bud.
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| CN201910305061.1A CN109997600A (en) | 2019-04-16 | 2019-04-16 | T-type pear tree frame and the unilateral downtree shape breeding method for utilizing the frame |
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