CN105028105B - A kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like and its shaping methods - Google Patents
A kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like and its shaping methods Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000153158 Ammi visnaga Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010585 Ammi visnaga Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to fields of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology, being related to a kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like and its shaping methods.The pear tree only retains between 2 major branches, 2 major branches in 90 ° of angles and being fixed on Y-shaped support, and 2 major branches are to symmetrical expansion in the ranks；The both sides of the base portion of each major branch are respectively equipped with 1 base portion side shoot, and each more than middle part and middle part of the major branch uniform dislocation configures several single shaft length and puts type fruit-bearing shoot cluster；In 90 ° of haunch between the base portion side shoot and major branch；The single shaft length is put in 90 ° of base angles between type fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch, and direct motion is spread out to parallel；Put to form side shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster with length by carving bud on the base portion side shoot；The major branch is leading with weak branch, and tree crown is spread out in the Y-shaped support both sides in covering of the fan.The shaping methods include：Y-shaped support and its wire rope net surface, First Year shaping, Second Year shaping and shaping in the 3rd year are set up, the present invention is easy to operate, and effect is notable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology, and in particular to a kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame cultivation tree
Shape and its shaping methods.
Background technology
At present, pear tree has the major way that frame cultivation is the coastal state pear tree cultivation such as South Korea, Japan, and Chinese pear tree has
Frame cultivation technique originates from the 1990s, having carried out at present in maritime provinces such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei
Pear tree has frame cultivation, also has certain cultivated area in the inland province such as Henan, Hubei.Practice have shown that：There is frame cultivation not only to have
There is wind resistance, windage loss is greatly reduced, while fruit quality, especially in fruit appearance regularity, fruit texture homogeneity etc.
Aspect has the conventional advantage incomparable without frame cultivation, is modern theatre high-quality, high standard, standardization, Labor-saving cultivation
Selection trend.Simultaneously as the pruning technique set pattern that pear tree has frame to cultivate is relatively easy, fixed, the height of tree is relatively low, significantly
That spends reduces work difficulty and intensity, in Chinese agriculture working aging population and people in the countryside urbanization, rural laborer
Cost constantly elevated today, the pear tree for develop light simplification, Labor-saving, being suitable for dense planting has frame to cultivate into certainty.
Pear tree has frame cultivation to be generally divided into horizontal rack and Y-shaped frame.In China, being continued to use the development of horizontal rack pears more
Traditional three major branch of Japan is tree-like, or even four major branches or even five major branches occurs, and its outstanding problem is mainly manifested in：One is three masters
Branch permutation technology on frame is strong, and conventional orchard worker is difficult to grasp, so that there are four major branches, five major branches, easily causes and mutually squeezes
Pressure, overlapping and inclined hat phenomenon；Two be that tree management is complicated, and level is more, adds the technical difficulty and labor intensity of pruning,
For the angle of trimming, the big hat pear tree pruning technique method of traditional tall anvil thin planting is not broken away from still, with contemporary Chinese pear tree
Dense planting Labor-saving cultivation trend is not inconsistent；Three be that horizontal rack structure is general highly in 1.8~2.0m or so, and tree management is formed
Afterwards, frame face height can decline 10~20cm or so, field operation inconvenience, and the frame face gathered in length and breadth thereon brings difficulty to management
Degree；Four be because of shaping the need for and by doing surely, relatively low, frame face is of a relatively high is influenceed, often artificial delay is born fruit, shaping week
Phase extends 1~2 year, influence early yield and benefit；Five be mismanagement, tree-like easily disorderly.
Y-shaped frame pears administrative skill difficulty is simple compared with horizontal rack pears, and its two major branch arranges skill in symmetrical expansion in the ranks
Art difficulty is low, and level is relatively easy, and easily, but because pear tree apical dominance is stronger, its two major branch is in often shape in the ranks for pruning
Into intersection, cause and be preced with the big, height of tree, trouble is brought to trimming, liquid pollination, laxative, fruit thinning, bagging, harvesting etc., and because of row
Between intersect, illumination condition is poor in hat, and fruit it is main it is raw Relative light intensity condition is poor under hat, between causing fruit border, fruit matter
Amount it is undesirable, meanwhile, with modern theatre advocate orchard ground cover soverlay technique it is incompatible, mechanized operation also result in compared with
Big influence.It is many using increasing cultivation line-spacing in production to mitigate the relatively low adverse effect of relative sunshine intensity in the ranks and between fruit border
Method, cause the low influence of yield per unit area, meanwhile, still can not break away from the height of tree, the big shortcoming of hat, fruit quality and
Quality homogeneity is also not as good as horizontal rack pears.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to implement to be simple and convenient to operate in view of the shortcomings of the prior art there is provided one kind, is suitable for the modern times
The biparting shape of pear tree of dense planting Labor-saving cultivation technique requirement has frame to cultivate tree-like and its shaping methods.
The technical scheme of the present invention that solves the problems, such as is：There is provided a kind of biparting shape of pear tree have frame cultivation it is tree-like, the pear tree is only
Retain 2 major branches, in 90 ° of angles and be fixed on Y-shaped support between 2 major branches, 2 major branches are to symmetrical exhibition in the ranks
Open；The both sides of the base portion of each major branch are respectively equipped with more than 1 base portion side shoot, the middle part and middle part of each major branch uniform
Dislocation configures several single shaft length and puts type fruit-bearing shoot cluster；In 90 ° of haunch between the base portion side shoot and major branch；The single shaft length puts type
In 90 ° of base angles between fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch, direct motion is spread out and fixed backward preceding uniaxial extension to parallel；Lead on the base portion side shoot
Quarter bud is crossed to put to form side shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster with length；The major branch is leading with weak branch, and tree crown is in covering of the fan in the Y-shaped support both sides
Spread out.
Further, the height of tree of the pear tree is 250cm, does a height of 60~70cm；The list configured on each major branch
Axial length puts type fruit-bearing shoot cluster for 10~12；The side shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster is mainly small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, on the base portion side shoot
The big position in space also can raw a small amount of medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；The tip angle that the base portion side shoot and single shaft length put type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is equal
Naturally upwards.
Further, the Y-shaped support is welded by stainless-steel pipe；The Y-shaped support includes being combined into one
The V-shaped head of body and vertical rod, the V-shaped head include 2 single armeds, and 2 single armeds are set by symmetrical axial symmetry of vertical rod
Put, the angle between 2 single armeds is 90 °；Some hex nuts are evenly arranged with the single armed, the hex nut
Aperture direction, to parallel, steel wire is equipped with the hex nut with row, and several described Y-shaped supports are along going to uniformly setting
Put, wire rope net surface is formed between the single armed with the same side of the Y-shaped support of a line.
Further, the length of the single armed is 200cm, and the length of the vertical rod is 100cm；On the single armed every
45cm fixes 1 hex nut, and each single armed fixes 4 hex nuts.
Further, provided with 2 reinforced pipes, the two ends of 2 reinforced pipes between 2 single armeds of the Y-shaped support
It is respectively welded at the 50cm of two single armeds, at 150cm, to increase the weight capacity of Y-shaped support, Y-shaped when reducing building well
The usage quantity of support.
Further, the hex nut can be substituted on single armed direct motion to the mounting hole opened up, the mounting hole
A diameter of 0.4cm.
A kind of biparting shape of the pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like shaping methods, comprises the following steps：
(1) Y-shaped support and its wire rope net surface are set up：Cement substrate is fixed in the lower end of the vertical rod of Y-shaped support；If
Go to uniform erection on dry Y-shaped support edge；By steel wire along same level is high on the single armed of Y-shaped support homonymy several described
The hex nut of degree or mounting hole direct motion converge at the edge of a field to penetrating, and beat earth anchorage, are tensed with turnbuckle, earth anchor depth
For 80cm~100cm, oblique angle is 30 °~40 °；2 wire rope net surfaces are formed in the both sides on the V-shaped head of Y-shaped support；
(2) First Year shaping：
(2.1) it is fixed dry：Done surely at full bud after seedling planting, heading height is 60~70cm；
(2.2) major branch is cultivated：After spring rudiment, retain two and point to the strong prosperous young sprout grown in the ranks and round about；
When 2 strong young sprouts grow to 100cm, strutted with toothpick, waddy or open-angle device, it is pointed in the ranks and with going to vertical
Two opposite directions, and with gunnysack line draw branch, traction, prepare restocking；
(2.3) major branch restocking and trimming：In 90 ° of spreading angles between 2 strong young sprouts, it is attached on Y-shaped support
Become two scaffold limbs；If strong young sprout does not reach 100cm, Second Year restocking in First Year；During winter pruning, in master
Moderate cutting back, and the strong bud of back of erasing are carried out under the branch back of the body at full bud, promotees Lateral shoot formation；
(3) Second Year shaping：
(3.1) side shoot is cultivated：Before spring rudiment, the clip 20cm of major branch is all implemented to carve bud or painting with the bud of lower portion
The plain ointment of hair branch is smeared, the lower bud of back bud, the back of the body, which is not carved, also not to be smeared；, can not be by by what is sprouted on two major branches by the end of May at the beginning of 6 months
The upright young sprout utilized is erased, by the upright young sprout that more than in the middle part of major branch and middle part can be utilized along major branch both sides, with major branch in 90 °
Angle direct motion is to spreading out, and with branch card is tied up or gunnysack line is fixed on Y-shaped support or wire rope net surface, slow to put to promote bud shape
Into；To the base portion side shoot of major branch base portion, using the promotees branch technology for meeting bud to carve or meet bud must smear, small brachyplast is inspired；
(3.2) trim：Winter is trimmed to major branch, and length is reached to major branch, is taken the lead using the weak bud of weak branch；To major branch
Curtailment, cutting back is taken the lead using strong bud vigorous branches under the back of the body；
Shaping in (4) the 3rd years：
(4.1) side shoot is handled：The major branch of 12, repeat step (3) are not reached to side shoot；Quantity to side shoot reaches 12
Major branch, retain a side shoot every 20~25cm dislocation in both sides, it is slow to put into flower；It is big being spaced side shoot, and have and can utilize
The side shoot in space carries out quarter bud, cultivates small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Side shoot remains single shaft direct motion to extension, and tip angle is naturally upward,
On extending long and influenceing to close on tree growth, head is changed with the weak bud of weak branch, it is retraction to change the major technique gimmick of head；
(4.2) trim：During winter pruning, the center weak bud of dry sempre p branch of major branch is taken the lead, to the 3rd year winter, institute
The biparting shape of pear tree stated has frame to cultivate tree-like shaping completion.
Further, the lower end 35cm of the vertical rod of the Y-shaped support is embedded in cement substrate in step (1).
Further, the operation of 2 strong young sprouts is strutted such as with toothpick, waddy or open-angle device described in step (2.2)
Under：When the degree of lignification of the strong young sprout is not high using toothpick carry out angle of release, be respectively placed in branch bifurcation 3~
At 5cm, and penetrate bast；Constantly deepen and diameter increment with the degree of lignification of the strong young sprout, using waddy or
Open-angle device gets out base angle.
Further, Y-shaped support or steel are fixed on tying up branch card or gunnysack line by upright young sprout in the step (3.1)
Operation on silk screen face is as follows：In the case where the diameter of the upright young sprout is less than 1.5cm, using tying up branch card or gunnysack line,
The upright young sprout is fixed on wire rope net surface, when the diameter of the upright young sprout is more than 1.5cm, gunnysack line is used instead and ties up
Tie up；To prevent from tying up branch card or gunnysack line bondage causes young sprout to hang wound, it should be lightened restrictions on according to the rugosity of bondage position young sprout.With tying up
Branch card carry out bondage have the advantages that quickly, it is economical, and can continuously using 2~3 years, but due to tie up a card length typically 5~
6cm, therefore require the branch diameter at bondage position in below 1.5cm.
Further, the operation that bud is carved in the step (3.1) is as follows：Directly over sprout saw blade is being used at 0.5~1.0cm
Or single-edge blade or quarter bud knife are enclosed around young sprout 1/2~2/3, and gently carve to bast；Carving the bud time must complete before sprout sprouts.
The operation for smearing the plain ointment of hair branch is as follows：When the bud nose part of sprout just opens, hair branch element is dipped in writing brush or cotton swab soft
Cream is applied to bud tip position.
Shaping methods of the present invention also use following supporting technology：
1st, the configuration of type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is put to side shoot culture and single shaft length need to meet the requirement uniformly misplaced, to reach balance
Tree vigo(u)r and increase homonymy shoot growth space, reduce overlapping branch and card neck, are preced with phenomenon partially.Therefore, to the bud of major branch both sides
Using the promotees branch technology for meeting bud to carve or meet bud must smear, to alleviate tree vigo(u)r and meet quantitative requirement when side shoot is selected and remain, increase
Leeway is selected and remain, is evened up if necessary using back branch.
2nd, requirement is not reached with side shoot length to major branch height, cutting back, next year is taken the lead using strong bud vigorous branches when the winter cuts
Continue using the promotees branch technology method progress rush branch for meeting bud to carve or meet bud must smear；Height and length are reached to major branch, side shoot
What degree was required, require to change head with the weak bud of weak branch when the winter cuts, to control major branch and collateral generation gesture.The major technique gimmick for changing head is
Retraction.
3rd, winter pruning is carried out mainly around small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is focused on the culture of small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is safeguarded with updating.
Small and weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster is removed, continues to employ golden mean of the Confucian school type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, delays near the fruitful branch for needing to update and puts 1~2 young sprout, in case
Branch group updates.In addition to full tree makees necessary cutting back when major branch, side shoot extending head do not reach height and length requirement, use dredge without exception
Except the trimming gimmick with retraction.
4th, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster on side shoot mainly puts that the technical method culture that is combined is put with cutting back/retraction-delay is small using slow
Type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, a small amount of medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster can be cultivated at the big position in space space.Full tree using cultivate small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster as
It is main, supplemented by medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
It is slow to put the young sprout that spatial distribution requirement is met mainly for branch length on major branch, to the young sprout that branch length is not enough
Using cutting back at the full bud in back or bounce back at strong twig, preferably to bounce back, few cutting back long to increase branch and extending head more
Degree, Second Year, which delay, puts into flower.Branch group requires to be evenly distributed in hat, and no repeated stick folds branch, and overlapping branch is dredged when the winter cuts
Vacancy place is removed or pulls to be fixed.
5th, the general Cheng Huayi of pear tree, pulls open and flower is more easy into after angle, and bud quantity is often excessive, easily reach with spend slow gesture,
Really to press the purpose of gesture, slow down trunk infusion growth.Winter cuts to can be moved to after year and carried out before flower bud germination, removes excessive spray,
To dissipate part trunk infusion, the technical requirements of control hat are met.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. tree structure is simple, full tree branch level is few, and fruit proper alignment on covering of the fan, fruit is big, and quality is excellent, neatly
Degree is high, and bagging, harvesting etc. are convenient, easily realize cultivation technique standardized management.
Compared with conventional horizontal rack, the tree-like restocking permutation technology of conventional three major branch horizontal racks is overcome by force, easily
The problem of occurring lacking branch, partially hat, overlapping extruding, while reducing tree crown restocking height, ahead of time 1~2 annual bearing.With conventional Y words
Shape is compared, due to using side shoot uniaxial extension technology, wide-angle is slow put into flower and in dry extending head taken the lead using the weak bud of weak branch, drop
The low height of tree, alleviates tree vigo(u)r, adds in the ranks and the intensity of illumination between fruit border, the technical conditions cultivated in dense planting Labor-saving
Under, the width of work road in the ranks is added, mechanization and standardized management is facilitated, meanwhile, compared with conventional Y-shaped, fruit
Inserted part more concentrate, fruit regularity is better than conventional Y-shaped.It is suitable tree-like of the white pear such as yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest, pear kind.
2. the present invention fully takes into account the technical requirements and dwarfing rootstock of the laborsaving dense plantingization cultivation of modern pears almost without application
Produce reality, the tree-like support angle theta of traditional Y-shaped is extended to 90 ° by 60 °~80 °, the height of tree be 2.5m, do height
In the case of 0.6m, from trigonometric function, major branch length is 1.9m/COS (θ/2), and 2.69m is increased to by 2.19m~2.48,
0.21m~0.5m is added, reduces and controls high difficulty, simultaneously as base angle is also extended to by 60 °~80 ° therewith between major branch
90 °, the growth rate of major branch slows down, being more prone into flower for side shoot, greatly reduces the technical difficulty of control hat.With horizontal rack
Pears (θ=180 °) compare, equal tree crown area s, biparting shape tree crown planimetric area accounting, i.e. ssin (θ/2), only
For 70.7%, i.e., under identical result area, i.e. tree crown area, biparting shape reduces floor space than horizontal rack structure
29.3%, therefore, while fruit yield is ensured with fruit quality, biparting shape has broader work road in the ranks and euphotic zone.
3. it is tree-like that the control of the present invention is high, control hat difficulty is substantially less than conventional Y words, therefore is more suitable for planting culture, plant
Plant line-spacing is 2m × 4m, with conventional horizontal rack pears 5m × 5m or 6m × 8m, every 667m2Strain tree is transplanted by 14~27 plants,
83 plants are increased to, although single plant yield reduction amplitude is larger, due to the several times increase of plantation density, into age orchard per 667m2
Volume increase 10%~15%.
Compared with the China tree-like 1m × 4m of routine Y words and 1m × 6m of South Korea, biparting shape enhances side shoot single shaft
Extension, weakens major branch extension branch, reduce control high, control hat difficulty and pruning technique requirement, it is to avoid in the ranks major branch end of the branch
Intersect, improve intensity of illumination in the ranks and between fruit border；Because control is high, the reduction of control hat difficulty, it is suitable for more pear tree cultivations
Kind.The tree-like uniaxial extensions for emphasizing major branch of conventional Y words, general more than height of tree 3.0m, large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster more more,
Trimming complexity is significantly higher than biparting shape.With Japan, South Korea 6m × 8m it is big Y words are tree-like, i.e. the happy shape of two major branches is compared, 2m ×
4m biparting shape tree management is compact, more suitable for national conditions.Due to not intersecting in the ranks end of the branch, 2m × 4m seeding row spacing, completely
Technical requirements of the modern theatre to Cover with weed system can be met, to improving fruit quality, pest natural enemy are protected, improve orchard life
State environment is highly beneficial.
4. the present invention biparting shape it is tree-like, it is tree-like with conventional Y words compared with, tree management further simplifies, in reducing
The quantity of type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster is only in major branch or side shoot with the presence of the local of space, and the height reduction trimmed.
Result of study on yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest shows：Compared with tree-like with conventional Y words, the biparting shape treelet shaping recruitment of pear tree is per 667m2Reduce 2
~3, and bear fruit for 1 year in advance, into age orchard trimming per 667m2Saving of labor 2.5 or so, orchard anniversary supply is per 667m2Saving of labor 7
~9, average per unit area yield improves 13.7%, and soluble solid content improves 0.4%, fruit regularity Y-shaped single fruit weight 260g
~300g accounts for 83%, and biparting shape 300g~340g accounts for 90%.
5. the biparting shape of the present invention is tree-like, the angle of release of side shoot is 90 ° of direct motions to level, 60 ° tree-like higher than general Y-shaped
~70 ° of angle of releases, are also to cause the slow major reason for putting Yi Chenghua, meanwhile, tree body switchs to reproductive growth by nutrient growth, and side shoot prolongs
The growth potential of long shoot also slows down, the increase of bud quantity, to spend slow gesture, really to press gesture, is implemented as power control height, the important original of control hat
Cause.
6. the promotees branch technology for meeting bud to carve or meet bud must smear employed in the present invention, is conducive to early stage control to be preced with, meanwhile, it is
In treelet reforming process the going or staying of side shoot and fruitful branch cultivated it is a great selection of select leeway, tree vigo(u)r is more prone to balanced.
7. the culture of side shoot employs dislocation and stays a technology in the present invention, the generation of card neck phenomenon is prevented, has removed homonymy and face
Proximal branch, adds illumination condition in the growing space between homonymy branch, hat and is improved, reduce intersection branch, overlapping branch, branch
In space arrangement in order, tree vigo(u)r is more consolidated, trimming difficulty reduction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the biparting shape of pear tree of the present invention has the tree-like shaping methods of frame cultivation.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one
A kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame cultivation tree-like, and it is in 90 ° that the pear tree, which only retains between 2 major branches, 2 major branches,
Angle is simultaneously fixed on Y-shaped support, and 2 major branches deploy to symmetrical in the ranks；Respectively match somebody with somebody the both sides of the base portion of each major branch
It is more than standby 1 base portion side shoot, the middle part and middle part of each major branch that uniform dislocation configures several single shaft length and puts type fruitful branch
Group；In 90 ° of haunch between the base portion side shoot and major branch；The single shaft length is put between type fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch in 90 ° of base angles, direct motion
Spread out and fixed backward preceding uniaxial extension to parallel；Put to form side shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster with length by carving bud on the base portion side shoot；
The major branch is leading with weak branch, and tree crown is spread out in the Y-shaped support both sides in covering of the fan.
The height of tree of the pear tree is 250cm, does a height of 60cm；The single shaft length configured on each major branch puts type fruitful branch
Group is 10~12；The side shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster is mainly small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the big position of the base portion side shoot overhead gap
Can raw a small amount of medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；The tip angle that the base portion side shoot and single shaft length put type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is naturally upward.
The Y-shaped support is welded by stainless-steel pipe；The Y-shaped support includes the V-shaped being combined as a whole
Head and vertical rod, the V-shaped head include 2 single armeds, and 2 single armeds are symmetrical arranged by symmetry axis of vertical rod, described in 2
Angle between single armed is 90 °；Be evenly arranged with some hex nuts on the single armed, the aperture direction of the hex nut and
Row is equipped with steel wire to parallel in the hex nut, and several described Y-shaped supports are along row to being uniformly arranged, with the Y of a line
Wire rope net surface is formed between the single armed of the same side of font support.
The length of the single armed is 200cm, and the length of the vertical rod is 100cm；On the single armed 1 is fixed every 45cm
Hex nut, each single armed fixes 4 hex nuts；Provided with 2 reinforced pipes, 2 between 2 single armeds of the Y-shaped support
The two ends of the reinforced pipe are respectively welded at the 50cm of two single armeds, at 150cm.
As shown in figure 1, the biparting shape of described pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like shaping methods, comprise the following steps：
(1) Y-shaped support and its wire rope net surface are set up：Cement substrate is fixed in the lower end of the vertical rod of Y-shaped support；If
Go to uniform erection on dry Y-shaped support edge；By steel wire along same level is high on the single armed of Y-shaped support homonymy several described
The hex nut direct motion of degree converges at the edge of a field to penetrating, and beats earth anchorage, is tensed with turnbuckle；In the V words of Y-shaped support
The both sides in forming head portion form 2 wire rope net surfaces；
(2) First Year shaping：
(2.1) it is fixed dry：Done surely at full bud after seedling planting, heading height is 60~70cm；
(2.2) major branch is cultivated：After spring rudiment, retain two and point to the strong prosperous young sprout grown in the ranks and round about,
Remaining young sprout is erased；When 2 strong young sprouts grow to 100cm, strutted with toothpick, waddy or open-angle device, refer to it
To in the ranks and with row to two vertical opposite directions, and with gunnysack line draw branch, traction, preparation restocking；
(2.3) major branch restocking and trimming：In 90 ° of spreading angles between 2 strong young sprouts, it is attached on Y-shaped support
Become two scaffold limbs；If strong young sprout does not reach 100cm, Second Year restocking in First Year；During winter pruning, in master
Moderate cutting back, and the strong bud of back of erasing are carried out under the branch back of the body at full bud, promotees Lateral shoot formation；
(3) Second Year shaping：
(3.1) side shoot is cultivated：Before spring rudiment, the clip 20cm of major branch is all implemented to carve bud or painting with the bud of lower portion
The plain ointment of hair branch is smeared, the lower bud of back bud, the back of the body, which is not carved, also not to be smeared；, can not be by by what is sprouted on two major branches by the end of May at the beginning of 6 months
The upright young sprout utilized is erased, by the upright young sprout that more than in the middle part of major branch and middle part can be utilized along major branch both sides, with major branch in 90 °
Angle direct motion is to spreading out, and with branch card is tied up or gunnysack line is fixed on Y-shaped support or wire rope net surface, slow to put to promote bud shape
Into；To the base portion side shoot of major branch base portion, using the promotees branch technology for meeting bud to carve or meet bud must smear, small brachyplast is inspired；
(3.2) trim：Winter is trimmed to major branch, and length is reached to major branch, is taken the lead using the weak bud of weak branch；To major branch
Curtailment, cutting back is taken the lead using strong bud vigorous branches under the back of the body；
Shaping in (4) the 3rd years：
(4.1) side shoot is handled：The major branch of 12, repeat step (3) are not reached to side shoot；Quantity and orientation to side shoot is equal
The major branch of requirement is reached, retains a side shoot every 20~25cm dislocation in both sides, it is slow to put into flower；It is big being spaced side shoot, and
The side shoot for having energy utilization space carries out quarter bud, cultivates small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Side shoot remains single shaft direct motion to extension, and tip angle is certainly
So upwards, on extending long and influenceing to close on tree growth, head is changed with the weak bud of weak branch；
(4.2) trim：During winter pruning, the center weak bud of dry sempre p branch of major branch is taken the lead, to the 3rd year winter, institute
The biparting shape of pear tree stated has frame to cultivate tree-like shaping completion.
In step (1) the lower end 35cm of the vertical rod of the Y-shaped support is embedded in cement substrate, i.e. V-shaped head
Angle is far from ground 65cm.
The operation for strutting 2 strong young sprouts with toothpick, waddy or open-angle device described in step (2.2) is as follows：Described
Angle of release is carried out using toothpick when the degree of lignification of strong young sprout is not high, is respectively placed at 3~5cm of branch bifurcation, and prick
Enter bast；Constantly deepen and diameter increment with the degree of lignification of the strong young sprout, got out using waddy or open-angle device
Base angle.
With tying up branch card or upright young sprout is fixed on Y-shaped support or wire rope net surface by gunnysack line in the step (3.1)
Operation it is as follows：, will be described straight using branch card or gunnysack line is tied up in the case where the diameter of the upright young sprout is less than 1.5cm
Vertical young sprout is fixed on wire rope net surface, when the diameter of the upright young sprout is more than 1.5cm, uses gunnysack line bondage instead.
The operation that bud is carved in the step (3.1) is as follows：Directly over sprout at 0.5~1.0cm with saw blade or one side knife
Piece carves bud knife around the circle of young sprout 1/2~2/3, and gently carves to bast；The operation for smearing the plain ointment of hair branch is as follows：In sprout
Bud nose part when just opening, a little plain ointment of hair branch is dipped in writing brush or cotton swab and is applied to bud tip position.
Embodiment two
Without fixed hex nut on the single armed of Y-shaped support described in the present embodiment, but it is substituted for suitable on single armed
Go to the mounting hole opened up, a diameter of 0.4cm of the mounting hole, other structures and the shaping methods step and embodiment one
It is identical.
There is frame to cultivate tree-like plantation Huangguan Pear using biparting shape of the present invention, with using the tree-like plantation yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest of routine Y words
Pears being compared as follows in terms of yield, quality, the shaping amount of labour used：
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the case of without departing substantially from substantive content of the present invention, art technology
Any deformation that personnel are contemplated that, improvement, replace and each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame cultivation tree-like, it is characterised in that the pear tree only retains 2 major branches, 2 major branches
Between in 90 ° of angles and being fixed on Y-shaped support, 2 major branches are to symmetrical expansion in the ranks；The base portion of each major branch
Both sides are respectively equipped with 1 base portion side shoot, and each more than middle part and middle part of the major branch uniform dislocation configures several single shaft length and put
Type fruit-bearing shoot cluster；In 90 ° of haunch between the base portion side shoot and major branch；It is in 90 ° that the single shaft length, which is put between type fruit-bearing shoot cluster and major branch,
Base angle, direct motion is spread out and fixed backward preceding uniaxial extension to parallel；Put to form side shoot with length by carving bud on the base portion side shoot
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster；The major branch is leading with weak branch, and tree crown is spread out in the Y-shaped support both sides in covering of the fan；
The Y-shaped support is welded by stainless-steel pipe；The Y-shaped support includes the V-shaped head being combined as a whole
And vertical rod, the V-shaped head includes 2 single armeds, and 2 single armeds are symmetrical arranged by symmetry axis of vertical rod, 2 single armeds
Between angle be 90 °；Be evenly arranged with some hex nuts on the single armed, the aperture direction of the hex nut and row to
It is parallel, steel wire is equipped with the hex nut, several described Y-shaped supports are along row to being uniformly arranged, with the Y-shaped of a line
Wire rope net surface is formed between the single armed of the same side of support.
2. the biparting shape of pear tree according to claim 1 has frame cultivation tree-like, it is characterised in that the height of tree of the pear tree is
250cm, does a height of 60~70cm；The single shaft length configured on each major branch puts type fruit-bearing shoot cluster for 10~12；The base
The tip angle that portion's side shoot and single shaft length put type fruit-bearing shoot cluster is naturally upward.
3. the biparting shape of pear tree according to claim 1 has frame cultivation tree-like, it is characterised in that the length of the single armed is
200cm, the length of the vertical rod is 100cm；1 hex nut is fixed every 45cm on the single armed, each single armed fixes 4
Hex nut；Provided with 2 reinforced pipes between 2 single armeds of the Y-shaped support, the two ends of 2 reinforced pipes are respectively welded
At the 50cm of two single armeds, at 150cm.
4. the biparting shape of pear tree according to claim 1 or 3 has frame cultivation tree-like, it is characterised in that the hex nut energy
Direct motion is substituted on single armed to the mounting hole opened up, a diameter of 0.4cm of the mounting hole.
5. the biparting shape of pear tree described in a kind of any one of claim 1-4 has frame to cultivate tree-like shaping methods, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
（1）Set up Y-shaped support and its wire rope net surface：Cement substrate is fixed in the lower end of the vertical rod of Y-shaped support；Several
Y-shaped support is set up along row to uniform；By steel wire along same level height on the single armed of Y-shaped support homonymy several described
Hex nut or mounting hole direct motion converge at the edge of a field to penetrating, and beat earth anchorage, are tensed with turnbuckle；In Y-shaped support
The both sides on V-shaped head form 2 wire rope net surfaces；
（2）First Year shaping：
（2.1）It is fixed dry：Done surely at full bud after seedling planting, heading height is 60~70cm；
（2.2）Cultivate major branch：After spring rudiment, retain two and point to the strong young sprout grown in the ranks and round about；Treat 2
When the strong young sprout grows to 100cm, strutted with toothpick, waddy or open-angle device, it is pointed in the ranks and with going to vertical two
Individual opposite direction, and branch, traction are drawn with gunnysack line, prepare restocking；
（2.3）Major branch restocking and trimming：In 90 ° of spreading angles between 2 strong young sprouts, being attached on Y-shaped support makes it
As two scaffold limbs；If strong young sprout does not reach 100cm, Second Year restocking in First Year；During winter pruning, in the major branch back of the body
Under moderate cutting back, and the strong bud of back of erasing are carried out at full bud, promote Lateral shoot formation；
（3）Second Year shaping：
（3.1）Cultivate side shoot：Before spring rudiment, the clip 20cm of major branch is all implemented to carve bud or smear to send out with the bud of lower portion
The plain ointment of branch；By the end of May at the beginning of 6 months, it is in along major branch both sides, with major branch by the upright young sprout that more than in the middle part of major branch and middle part can be utilized
90 ° of angle direct motions are to spreading out, and with branch card is tied up or gunnysack line is fixed on Y-shaped support or wire rope net surface, slow to put to promote bud
Formed；To the base portion side shoot of major branch base portion, using the promotees branch technology for meeting bud to carve or meet bud must smear, small brachyplast is inspired；
（3.2）Trimming：Winter trims to major branch；
（4）Shaping in 3rd year：
（4.1）Side shoot processing：The major branch of 12, repeat step are not reached to side shoot（3）；Quantity to side shoot reaches the master of 12
Branch, retains a side shoot in both sides every 20~25cm dislocation, slow to put into flower；It is big being spaced side shoot, and have energy utilization space
Side shoot carry out quarter bud, cultivate small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Side shoot remains single shaft direct motion to extension, and tip angle is naturally upward, to prolonging
Extend through long and influence to close on tree growth, head is changed with the weak bud of weak branch；
（4.2）Trimming：During winter pruning, the center weak bud of dry sempre p branch of major branch is taken the lead, described to the 3rd year winter
The biparting shape of pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like shaping completion.
6. shaping methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that step（1）The middle vertical rod by the Y-shaped support
In lower end 35cm embedment cement substrates.
7. shaping methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that step（2.2）Described in toothpick, waddy or open
The operation that angle device struts 2 strong young sprouts is as follows：Opened when the degree of lignification of the strong young sprout is not high using toothpick
Angle, is respectively placed at 3~5cm of branch bifurcation, and penetrate bast；As the degree of lignification of the strong young sprout is continuous
Deepen and diameter increment, base angle is got out using waddy or open-angle device.
8. shaping methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the step（3.1）It is middle with tying up branch card or gunnysack line
The operation that upright young sprout is fixed on Y-shaped support or wire rope net surface is as follows：It is less than 1.5cm in the diameter of the upright young sprout
In the case of, using branch card or gunnysack line is tied up, the upright young sprout is fixed on wire rope net surface, it is straight when the upright young sprout
When footpath is more than 1.5cm, gunnysack line bondage is used instead.
9. shaping methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the step（3.1）The middle operation for carving bud is as follows：
Enclosed, and gently carved to bast around young sprout 1/2~2/3 with saw blade or single-edge blade or quarter bud knife at 0.5~1.0cm directly over sprout
Portion；The operation for smearing the plain ointment of hair branch is as follows：When the bud nose part of sprout just opens, hair branch element is dipped in writing brush or cotton swab
Ointment is applied to bud tip position.
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| CN110073881A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-02 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of pears single armed dragon form V-type frame planting culture method |
| CN110249891B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-03-09 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultivation and management method of high connection and replacement of pankerham pears on flat grid |
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